Suspension type self-balancing support system for deep-buried berthing member installation and construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a suspended self-balancing support system and construction method for installing deeply buried berthing components, relating to the field of port engineering construction technology. The support system includes: suspension rods, installed straddling the top of the constructed pile foundation; a main crossbeam suspended on both sides of the suspension rods; a bottom crossbeam support system connected below the main crossbeam to support the berthing component; and a self-balancing system. The self-balancing system includes a horizontal sensing module, a control module, and a counterweight adjustment module, capable of real-time monitoring of the main crossbeam's attitude and moving the counterweight to generate a reverse balancing torque. This invention effectively solves the problem of support system instability caused by eccentric loading during the installation of berthing components, eliminating the need for a large underwater support platform. It has advantages such as strong construction adaptability, high installation accuracy, and safety and reliability, and is particularly suitable for the installation of berthing components under deep-buried and low-water conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of port engineering construction technology, specifically to a suspended self-balancing support system and construction method for installing deeply buried berthing components. Background Technology

[0002] In port and coastal engineering, berthing components are essential parts of high-pile beam-slab structures or high-pile pier-type wharves. They are typically located at the foremost edge of the wharf and are used to install fenders and other buffer devices to mitigate the impact of ships during berthing or mooring. The bottom elevation of the berthing components is often close to or even below the design low water level, and their installation position and quality directly affect the appearance and functionality of the wharf. Currently, the construction of berthing components mainly employs two methods: pre-installation and post-installation. The pre-installation method involves installing the berthing components first using pile foundation walers, and then pouring the pier. This method has fewer points of force application, requires high strength and stiffness from the walers, and has significant limitations on the quality of the berthing components. The post-installation method involves pouring the pier first, and then installing the berthing components after the concrete reaches its design strength. This method has complex joint treatment, a higher rate of broken reinforcement in the pier section, difficulty in ensuring quality accuracy, and relatively poor overall structural integrity. Regardless of the construction method used, temporary support structures are required to bear the self-weight of the berthing components during installation and the construction load of the upper cross bracing, ensuring the stability of the components during installation and temporary fixation.

[0003] To address the temporary support requirements for berthing components, existing technologies have proposed support structure solutions. For example, an existing technology entitled "A Support Structure for Berthing Components of a High-Pile Foundation Wharf" includes a load-bearing mechanism, a pair of brackets, a pair of diagonal braces, and a counter-pressure mechanism. The load-bearing mechanism includes a load-bearing clamp and two load-bearing beams. The load-bearing clamp is installed on the upper part of the first pile foundation at the foremost edge of the wharf, and the two load-bearing beams rest on load-bearing brackets on both sides of the load-bearing clamp. A pair of right-angled triangular brackets are fixed to the front bottom surfaces of the two load-bearing beams, and the berthing component is fixed between the bracket beams of the pair of brackets. A pair of diagonal braces connect the vertical beams of the brackets to the load-bearing beams. The counter-pressure mechanism includes two counter-pressure clamps installed on the upper parts of the first and second pile foundations and above the load-bearing beams. The two counter-pressure clamps are equipped with counter-pressure brackets that press against the top surfaces of the two load-bearing beams. This solution provides a support platform for the load-bearing beams through load-bearing clamps and improves the anti-overturning performance of the load-bearing beams through counter-pressure clamps, thereby achieving stable support for the berthing components.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies still have the following shortcomings: First, the load transfer path of this support structure is limited. The support of the load-bearing beam relies entirely on the load-bearing clamps and corbels installed on a single pile (the first pile at the foremost edge). Although the counter-pressure clamps apply downward pressure to the load-bearing beam, this counter-pressure is mainly used to prevent the beam from overturning and does not change the stress pattern of the load-bearing beam's vertical load being concentrated on a single pile. When the construction load of the berthing components and the upper cross bracing is large, the concentrated load borne by the single pile increases significantly, placing extremely high demands on the pile foundation bearing capacity and clamp connection strength. Furthermore, uneven load distribution can easily lead to excessive local stress in the support system.

[0005] Secondly, the support structure lacks the ability to dynamically adjust to eccentric loading conditions. During the hoisting and positioning of the berthing components, eccentric loading moments are generated due to the difficulty in perfectly aligning the component's center of gravity with the support center, or temporary eccentricity caused by the hoisting operation. The existing support structure is a non-adaptive force-bearing system. Although its counter-pressure clamps can resist overturning to some extent, it cannot actively adjust for problems such as the tilting of the support beams and component positioning deviations caused by eccentric loading. It can only passively bear the loads based on the structure's own stiffness, which has limited adjustment capabilities and is not conducive to ensuring the installation accuracy of the berthing components.

[0006] Third, the construction adaptability of this support structure is insufficient. In this design, the front end of the load-bearing beam cantilevered out, and the brackets and diagonal struts form a triangular support structure located below the front end of the beam. The entire support system occupies a large underwater or water-adjacent space. For construction conditions involving deep burial, low water levels, or limited working space, the installation and dismantling of this structure require a spacious working area and necessitate the use of large floating cranes for extended periods, resulting in low construction efficiency and poor economic performance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve at least one technical problem existing in the above-mentioned background art, and provides a suspended self-balancing support system and construction method for the installation of deeply buried berthing components.

[0008] The technical solution of this application is: a suspended self-balancing support system for installing deeply buried berthing components, comprising: The suspension bar has a straddle structure and is installed on the top of the constructed pile foundation. Hanging points are provided on both sides of the lower part of the suspension bar. The main crossbeam has hanging holes at both ends, which are respectively matched with the hanging points on both sides of the suspension rod, so that the main crossbeam is suspended from both sides of the pile foundation by the suspension rod. The bottom transverse support system is connected below the main transverse beam and is used to bear the construction load of the berthing components and the upper transverse bracing. and a self-balancing system disposed on the main crossbeam; the self-balancing system comprises a horizontal sensing module, a control module and a counterweight adjustment module, wherein the horizontal sensing module is configured to collect attitude data of the main crossbeam in real time, the control module outputs an adjustment instruction according to the attitude data, and the counterweight adjustment module changes its own state according to the adjustment instruction to generate a balancing moment.

[0009] According to the suspended self-balancing support system provided by the present invention, the hanging bar is in an I-shaped configuration and straddles the top of the pile foundation, and the hanging points are support shafts or support ear plates arranged at the lower parts of both sides of the hanging bar and protruding away from the side wall of the hanging bar.

[0010] According to the suspended self-balancing support system provided by the present invention, the self-balancing system further comprises a guide rail and a driving mechanism, the guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the main crossbeam, the counterweight adjustment module comprises a counterweight block slidably arranged on the guide rail, and the driving mechanism is controlled by the control module to drive the counterweight block to reciprocate along the guide rail.

[0011] According to the suspended self-balancing support system provided by the present invention, the horizontal sensing module comprises at least one inclination sensor, and the inclination sensor is installed at the bottom of the main crossbeam; an observation point for manual leveling review is further arranged on the main crossbeam, and the observation point and the inclination sensor form a dual monitoring system.

[0012] According to the suspended self-balancing support system provided by the present invention, an anti-slip cushion layer is arranged between the hanging bar and the top of the pile foundation, a reserved connecting piece is arranged at the top of the pile foundation, and the hanging bar is temporarily locked through the reserved connecting piece to prevent lateral displacement.

[0013] According to the suspended self-balancing support system provided by the present invention, a height adjusting piece is arranged at the hanging point of the hanging bar, and is configured to adjust the relative height between the two hanging points, so as to adjust the initial levelness of the main crossbeam after being suspended.

[0014] The present invention also relates to a construction method for installing a fender member adopting the above suspended self-balancing support system, comprising: installing the hanging bar on the top of the constructed pile foundation, so that the hanging points on both sides of the hanging bar are respectively located on both sides of the pile foundation; connecting the bottom cross support system below the main crossbeam, then hoisting the main crossbeam connected with the bottom cross support system to the hanging bar, so that the hanging holes at both ends of the main crossbeam are respectively docked with the hanging points, and the main crossbeam is in a suspended state; installing and debugging the self-balancing system on the main crossbeam; The berthing component is hoisted onto the bottom transverse support system. During the installation of the berthing component, the attitude of the main crossbeam is monitored in real time using the horizontal sensing module. When the main crossbeam deviates, the counterweight adjustment module is driven by the control module to generate a reverse balancing torque, so that the main crossbeam returns to the preset attitude. After the mooring components are temporarily fixed, the upper horizontal bracing is constructed. After the upper horizontal bracing is completed and reaches the predetermined strength, the self-balancing system, the main horizontal beam, the bottom horizontal support system, and the suspension rods are removed.

[0015] According to the present invention, a method for installing a berthing component is provided, wherein the commissioning steps include an off-center load simulation test and a graded loading preload test; the off-center load simulation test is used to verify the response sensitivity of the self-balancing system, and the graded loading preload test uses a standard load to apply graded loading to the bottom transverse support system to simulate the actual construction load and record the deformation of the main crossbeam and the adjustment data of the self-balancing system.

[0016] According to a method for installing berthing components provided by the present invention, when the control module drives the counterweight adjustment module based on the deviation value collected by the level sensing module, a segmented adjustment strategy is adopted: A first threshold and a second threshold are preset, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold; When the deviation value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, coarse adjustment is performed at the first rate. When the deviation value is less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold, fine-tuning is performed at the second rate; When the deviation value is less than or equal to the second threshold, the current counterweight position is locked. The deviation value is the absolute value of the deviation amount; the first rate is greater than the second rate.

[0017] According to a method for installing a berthing component provided by the present invention, after the berthing component is hoisted to the bottom transverse support system, a positioning member is passed through a pre-set mounting hole on the berthing component and a corresponding hole on the bottom transverse support system, and a wedge is used to wedge the positioning member to temporarily fix the berthing component on the bottom transverse support system.

[0018] According to the present invention, when dismantling the main crossbeam and the lifting rod, firstly, all components of the self-balancing system, including the horizontal sensing module, the control module, and the counterweight adjustment module, are dismantled; then, the connection between the hanging holes and the hanging points at both ends of the main crossbeam is sequentially disconnected using lifting equipment, and the main crossbeam and the bottom cross support system are lowered to the ground; finally, the lifting rod is removed.

[0019] According to a method for installing a berthing component provided by the present invention, when the lifting rod is installed on the top of the pile foundation, an anti-slip pad is placed between the lifting rod and the top of the pile foundation, and the lifting rod is temporarily locked by a reserved connector set on the top of the pile foundation. After locking, the height difference between the hanging points on both sides of the lifting rod is checked to meet the preset accuracy requirements.

[0020] According to the present invention, a method for installing berthing components is provided, wherein the horizontal sensing module is calibrated to zero position before each use to improve the accuracy of monitoring data; A limit protection is provided at the end of the stroke of the counterweight adjustment module; When the counterweight adjustment module reaches the end of its stroke and the main crossbeam has not yet returned to the preset posture, the self-balancing system issues an alarm.

[0021] The advantages of this invention are: 1. It utilizes existing pile foundations to form a suspended support, which has strong construction adaptability and is especially suitable for the installation of deeply buried berthing components. This invention uses a suspension rod straddling the top of the existing pile foundation. The hanging holes at both ends of the main crossbeam align with the hanging points on both sides of the suspension rod, suspending the main crossbeam. A bottom horizontal support system connects below the main crossbeam. The entire support system relies on the existing pile foundation for load-bearing capacity, eliminating the need for large support platforms erected from the seabed or at low water levels, and avoiding the need for large floating cranes to remain in place for extended periods. It is particularly suitable for the installation of ship-mounted components in deeply buried, water-adjacent, and space-constrained environments, significantly improving construction adaptability and economy.

[0022] 2. The self-balancing system enables real-time active adjustment, effectively addressing off-center loading and improving construction safety. The self-balancing system collects real-time attitude data of the main crossbeam through a horizontal sensing module. The control module outputs adjustment commands based on the attitude deviation, driving the counterweight adjustment module to move and generate a reverse balancing torque. During the hoisting of berthing components and the construction of the upper cross bracing, if the main crossbeam tilts due to eccentric loading, the system can actively adjust the position of the counterweight for balance compensation, preventing structural instability due to local overload or eccentric force, and significantly improving the safety and reliability of the construction process.

[0023] 3. The counterweight adjustment adopts a segmented adjustment strategy, which ensures high adjustment accuracy and reasonable response. The control module of this invention employs segmented adjustment based on the deviation value: coarse adjustment at a first rate when the deviation is large, fine adjustment at a second rate when the deviation is small, and locking the counterweight position when the deviation is less than a threshold. This hierarchical control method of coarse adjustment, fine adjustment, and locking ensures both fast adjustment response and avoids oscillations caused by over-adjustment when approaching equilibrium, thereby improving the adjustment accuracy and stability of the self-balancing system.

[0024] 4. The structural force transmission path is clear, installation and disassembly are convenient, and it can be reused. The suspension rod of this invention has a straddle-type structure with hanging points. The main crossbeam is suspended through hanging holes and hanging points. The bottom horizontal support system is connected below the main crossbeam, forming a clear force transmission path between the pile foundation, suspension rod, main crossbeam, and bottom horizontal support system. After construction, the self-balancing system can be removed first, then the connection between the main crossbeam and the suspension rod can be disconnected, and finally the suspension rod can be removed. All components can be recycled and reused, which helps reduce construction costs and meets the requirements of green construction.

[0025] 5. Multiple monitoring and protection measures work together to further ensure construction accuracy and reliability. This invention employs a dual monitoring system consisting of tilt sensors and manual leveling verification observation points; an anti-slip pad is installed between the suspension rod and the top of the pile foundation, and is temporarily locked with pre-reserved connectors to prevent lateral displacement; height adjustment components are installed at the hanging points to ensure the initial levelness of the main beam; the counterweight adjustment module has limit protection at the end of its stroke and can issue an alarm. These measures work synergistically from multiple aspects, including initial installation accuracy, real-time attitude monitoring, anti-slip and anti-displacement, and limit protection, to effectively ensure the accuracy and reliability of the support system under complex construction conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a top view of the suspended self-balancing support system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the suspended self-balancing support system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the suspended self-balancing support system of the present invention; Wherein: 1-Pile foundation; 2-Hanging bar; 3-Main crossbeam; 4-Counterweight block. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] The suspended self-balancing support system and its construction method described in this application are explained in detail below with reference to several embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Without departing from the concept of this application, those skilled in the art can make several substitutions or improvements, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] Example 1: This example provides a suspended self-balancing support system for the installation of deeply buried berthing components, including hangers 2, main crossbeams 3, bottom crossbeam support system, and self-balancing system, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown.

[0032] The suspension rod 2 has a straddle-type structure and is installed on top of the constructed pile foundation 1. Hanging points are provided on the lower parts of both sides of the suspension rod 2 for connection to the main crossbeam 3. Hanging holes are provided at both ends of the main crossbeam 3, which mate with the hanging points on both sides of the suspension rod 2, thereby suspending the main crossbeam 3 from both sides of the pile foundation 1 via the suspension rod 2. The cross-sectional dimensions and material of the main crossbeam 3 are designed based on the weight of the berthing components and the construction load of the upper cross bracing.

[0033] The bottom transverse support system is connected below the main transverse beam 3 and is used to bear the construction load of the berthing components and the upper transverse bracing. The bottom transverse support system may include longitudinal beams, transverse beams, and support panels, etc., and the specific structure can be arranged according to the shape and weight of the berthing components. The bottom transverse support system can be fixed to the main transverse beam 3 by welding, bolting, or pin connection.

[0034] The self-balancing system is installed on the main crossbeam 3 and includes a horizontal sensing module, a control module, and a counterweight adjustment module. The horizontal sensing module is used to collect the attitude data of the main crossbeam 3 in real time, such as tilt angle and levelness. The control module outputs adjustment commands based on the attitude data collected by the horizontal sensing module. The counterweight adjustment module changes its own state according to the adjustment command, such as moving the counterweight block 4 or changing the counterweight distribution, to generate a balancing torque, thereby counteracting the off-center load that may occur during the installation of the berthing components, and keeping the main crossbeam 3 in or returning it to the preset attitude.

[0035] When using the suspended self-balancing support system of this embodiment to install berthing components, the following steps are included: The first step is to install the suspension rod 2 on the top of the constructed pile foundation 1, so that the hanging points on both sides of the suspension rod 2 are located on both sides of the pile foundation 1. Before installing the suspension rod 2, the flatness and strength of the top of the pile foundation 1 should be checked to ensure that the pile foundation 1 can withstand the load transmitted by the suspension rod 2.

[0036] The second step is to connect the bottom transverse support system to the underside of the main crossbeam 3. The bottom transverse support system can be pre-assembled on the ground or on a barge to form an integrated hoisting unit. Then, the main crossbeam 3, with the bottom transverse support system connected to it, is hoisted to the lifting rod 2, so that the hanging holes at both ends of the main crossbeam 3 are respectively connected to the hanging points on both sides of the lifting rod 2, so that the main crossbeam 3 is in a suspended state.

[0037] The third step is to install and debug the self-balancing system on the main crossbeam 3. Debugging includes checking whether the signal connections between the level sensing module, control module, and counterweight adjustment module are normal, and whether the counterweight adjustment module can act according to the control commands.

[0038] The fourth step is to hoist the berthing components onto the bottom transverse support system. During the installation of the berthing components, the attitude of the main crossbeam 3 is monitored in real time using a horizontal sensing module. When the main crossbeam 3 deviates due to the eccentric hoisting or positioning of the berthing components, the control module drives the counterweight adjustment module to generate a reverse balancing torque based on the attitude deviation, so that the main crossbeam 3 returns to the preset attitude.

[0039] The fifth step is to construct the upper cross bracing after the berthing components are temporarily secured. Additional loads may be generated during the construction of the upper cross bracing; the self-balancing system will continue to operate, adjusting the attitude of the main crossbeam 3 in real time.

[0040] Step 6: After the upper horizontal bracing is completed and reaches the predetermined strength, remove the self-balancing system, main horizontal beam 3, bottom horizontal support system, and hanging rod 2. Dismantle the components in the order of unloading first, then removing the hanging parts to ensure construction safety.

[0041] The technical solution of this embodiment utilizes the existing pile foundation 1 as a vertical load-bearing component. Suspension points are formed by the suspension rods 2 straddling the top of the pile foundation 1. The main crossbeam 3 is then suspended from both sides of the pile foundation 1 by the hanging holes at both ends cooperating with the suspension rods 2. The bottom transverse support system serves as an installation platform for the berthing component, transferring the construction load of the berthing component and the upper transverse support to the pile foundation 1 through the main crossbeam 3 and the suspension rods 2. The self-balancing system dynamically adjusts the moment distribution on both sides of the main crossbeam 3 by real-time monitoring of the main crossbeam 3's attitude and moving the counterweight 4, thereby counteracting eccentric loads and maintaining system stability.

[0042] The technical solution of the present embodiment avoids erecting a large supporting platform from the seabed or low water level, and does not require a large floating crane to stay in position for a long time, which is particularly suitable for the installation conditions of ship-berthing components that are deeply buried, adjacent to water, and have limited working space. A suspended supporting system is formed by utilizing the existing pile foundation 1, with clear structural force transmission path, strong construction adaptability and good economy. The self-balancing system can perform real-time active adjustment, effectively cope with unbalanced load and improve construction safety.

[0043] Embodiment 2: The hanging reinforcement 2 of this embodiment has a "Ji"-shaped configuration (the "Ji"-shape is only an example, and its essence is a straddling configuration), as Figure 3 shows, it is straddled on the top of the pile foundation 1. The lower parts of both sides of the hanging reinforcement 2 are provided with outwardly extending support shafts or support ear plates, and such support shafts or support ear plates are the hanging points. The support shaft can be round steel or steel bar, the support ear plate can be a perforated steel plate, both of which can form a stable pin connection or hanging connection with the hanging holes at both ends of the main cross beam 3.

[0044] An anti-slip cushion layer is arranged between the hanging reinforcement 2 and the top of the pile foundation 1. The anti-slip cushion layer can be made of rubber pads, polytetrafluoroethylene plates, steel plates and other materials, so as to increase the friction coefficient between the hanging reinforcement 2 and the top of the pile foundation 1 and prevent the hanging reinforcement 2 from slipping under construction loads. Pre-reserved connecting pieces are arranged on the top of the pile foundation 1, and the pre-reserved connecting pieces can be embedded bolts, anchor bars, embedded steel plates, etc. The hanging reinforcement 2 is temporarily locked through the pre-reserved connecting pieces to prevent lateral displacement. The temporary locking method can be nut locking, buckle connection, welding connection, etc.

[0045] A height adjusting member is arranged at the hanging points of the hanging reinforcement 2 for adjusting the relative height between the two hanging points. The height adjusting member can be adjusting bolts, turnbuckles, gasket groups, wedge-shaped blocks, etc. By adjusting the height adjusting member, the height difference of the hanging points on both sides of the hanging reinforcement 2 caused by the elevation difference of the top surface of the pile foundation 1 or the installation deviation of the hanging reinforcement 2 can be compensated, so as to adjust the initial levelness of the suspended main cross beam 3.

[0046] For the temporary fixation of the ship-berthing component, corresponding holes are arranged at the positions corresponding to the installation positions of the ship-berthing component on the bottom cross support system. A positioning piece passes through the preset installation hole on the ship-berthing component and the corresponding hole on the bottom cross support system, and a wedge tightening member is adopted to wedge the positioning piece, so as to temporarily fix the ship-berthing component on the bottom cross support system. The positioning member can be a positioning pin shaft or a bolt, and the wedge tightening member can be a wedge-shaped steel sheet or a wedge-shaped cushion block.

[0047] When installing the hanging reinforcement 2, lay the anti-slip cushion layer between the hanging reinforcement 2 and the top of the pile foundation 1. Then temporarily lock the hanging reinforcement 2 through the pre-reserved connecting piece arranged on the top of the pile foundation 1. After locking, check the height difference between the hanging points on both sides of the hanging reinforcement 2 to meet the preset accuracy requirements. If the height difference exceeds the tolerance, the height adjusting member at the hanging point is adjusted for compensation until the initial levelness of the suspended main cross beam 3 meets the design requirements.

[0048] After the berthing member is hoisted to the bottom transverse support system, pass the positioning member through the preset mounting hole on the berthing member and the corresponding hole on the bottom transverse support system, then wedge the positioning member with a wedge member to temporarily fix the berthing member on the bottom transverse support system. After temporary fixing, the berthing member remains stable during the subsequent construction of the upper transverse bracing.

[0049] The "ji"-shaped hanging reinforcement 2 converts vertical load into pressure on the top surface of the pile foundation 1 and downward pulling force on the hanging points at both sides by means of straddling, with a simple and clear stress form. The anti-slip cushion layer and the reserved connecting member act together: on one hand, friction is increased; on the other hand, lateral displacement of the hanging reinforcement 2 is restricted through mechanical locking, thereby improving the installation stability of the hanging reinforcement 2. The hanging point height adjusting member realizes accurate adjustment of the initial levelness of the main cross beam 3 by changing the effective supporting height of the hanging points on both sides. The combination of the positioning member and the wedge member forms a detachable temporary fixing structure, which can bear the dead weight of the berthing member and construction loads, and is convenient for subsequent removal.

[0050] In this embodiment, through the cooperation of the anti-slip cushion layer, the reserved connecting member and the height adjusting member, the initial installation accuracy and stability of the hanging reinforcement 2 can be effectively improved, and lateral displacement or sliding of the hanging reinforcement 2 during construction is prevented. The berthing member is temporarily fixed by the positioning member and the wedge member, which has reliable fixation and simple operation, and is beneficial to ensuring the installation quality of the berthing member and the construction safety of the subsequent upper transverse bracing.

[0051] Example 3: The self-balancing system of this embodiment further comprises a guide rail and a driving mechanism. The guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the main cross beam 3, and can be arranged on the upper surface, side surface or inside of the main cross beam 3. The guide rail can adopt forms such as an I-steel sliding rail, a channel steel rail or a linear guide rail. The counterweight adjustment module comprises a counterweight block 4 slidably arranged on the guide rail, as Figure 1 and 2 shown. There can be one or more counterweight blocks 4, and the material can be cast iron, steel, concrete or the like. The driving mechanism is controlled by the control module and is used for driving the counterweight block 4 to reciprocate along the guide rail. The driving mechanism can adopt linear driving devices such as an electric screw rod, a gear rack, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric push rod.

[0052] The horizontal sensing module comprises at least one inclination sensor. The inclination sensor is installed at the bottom of the main cross beam 3 and is used for detecting the inclination angle of the main cross beam 3 in real time. The main cross beam 3 is further provided with observation points for manual leveling review. The observation points can be leveling points, scale lines, reflective sheets or the like arranged on the main cross beam 3. The observation points and the inclination sensor form a dual monitoring system, which can not only realize automatic real-time monitoring through the sensor, but also realize regular review through manual leveling measurement.

[0053] During the installation of the berthing components, the horizontal sensing module collects the tilt angle data of the main crossbeam 3 in real time and converts it into a deviation value. When the control module drives the counterweight adjustment module based on the deviation value, it adopts a segmented adjustment strategy. Specifically, a first threshold and a second threshold are preset, with the first threshold being greater than the second threshold.

[0054] When the deviation is greater than or equal to the first threshold, a coarse adjustment is performed at the first rate. At this time, the deviation is large, and it is necessary to move the counterweight 4 quickly to generate a large balancing torque and rapidly reduce the tilt of the main beam 3.

[0055] When the deviation is less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold, fine-tuning is performed at the second rate. At this point, the deviation has decreased, and the moving speed of counterweight 4 needs to be reduced to avoid overshoot. The second rate is less than the first rate.

[0056] When the deviation value is less than or equal to the second threshold, the current counterweight position is locked. At this time, the attitude of the main beam 3 has basically returned to the preset attitude range, keeping the position of the counterweight block 4 stable, waiting for the next disturbance.

[0057] The above deviation value can be the absolute value of the deviation to avoid the influence of positive and negative directions on the judgment logic.

[0058] During the installation of the berthing components, the main crossbeam 3 will tilt under eccentric loads. The horizontal sensing module detects the tilt of the main crossbeam 3 in real time and converts the tilt into a deviation value. The control module determines the moving speed and direction of the counterweight 4 based on the magnitude of the deviation value. When the main crossbeam 3 tilts to one side, the control module drives the counterweight 4 to move in the opposite direction, increasing the torque on that side, thereby generating a reverse balancing torque to counteract the eccentric load effect. The segmented adjustment strategy, through coarse adjustment followed by fine adjustment, can quickly respond to large eccentric loads while avoiding oscillations caused by excessively rapid adjustments when approaching equilibrium.

[0059] This embodiment achieves precise movement of the counterweight 4 through a guide rail and drive mechanism. Combined with dual monitoring via tilt sensors and manual observation points, accurate and reliable attitude data is ensured. The segmented adjustment strategy balances adjustment response speed and accuracy, avoiding overshoot and oscillation, and improving the control stability and construction safety of the self-balancing system.

[0060] Example 4: This example further defines the commissioning steps of the self-balancing system. The commissioning steps of the self-balancing system include off-center load simulation test and graded loading preload test.

[0061] Off-center load simulation testing is used to verify the response sensitivity of the self-balancing system. In practice, a certain off-center load can be artificially applied to one side of the main beam 3, for example, by placing a load block of known weight at one end of the bottom cross bracing system. Then, the self-balancing system is started, and it is observed whether the horizontal sensing module can detect the tilt change of the main beam 3 in a timely manner, whether the control module can quickly output adjustment commands, and whether the counterweight adjustment module can move according to the commands and generate an effective balancing torque. By recording the time from the application of the off-center load to the main beam 3 returning to the preset posture and the amount of movement of the counterweight 4, the response sensitivity of the self-balancing system is evaluated to determine whether it meets the construction requirements.

[0062] The graded loading preloading test uses standard loads to apply graded loads to the bottom transverse support system to simulate actual construction loads and record the deformation of the main transverse beam 3 and the adjustment data of the self-balancing system. Specifically, loads can be applied in stages according to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the self-weight of the berthing components. After each loading stage, the load is held for a period of time, and the deformation of the main transverse beam 3, the stress state of the hangers 2 and the anchor points, the deformation of the bottom transverse support system, and the adjustment process of the self-balancing system are observed and recorded. Through the graded loading preloading test, potential problems with the support system under load can be identified in advance, and the adjustment capability of the self-balancing system under actual load conditions can be verified.

[0063] Off-center load simulation testing verifies the sensitivity and effectiveness of the self-balancing system's complete response chain, from detection and judgment to adjustment, by artificially applying off-center loads. Graded loading preloading testing simulates the gradual increase of load during actual construction, observing the deformation and stress state of each component of the support system under each load level, providing data for actual construction.

[0064] This embodiment uses off-center load simulation tests and graded loading pre-stress tests to comprehensively verify the response capability of the self-balancing system and the load-bearing capacity of the support system before formal construction, identify and resolve potential problems in advance, ensure that the self-balancing system can work reliably during construction, and reduce construction risks.

[0065] Example 5: This example further specifies the dismantling sequence of the support system.

[0066] After the upper cross bracing is completed and reaches the predetermined strength, the support system will be dismantled. When dismantling the main cross beam 3 and the suspension rod 2, the self-balancing system should be dismantled first, including all components such as the horizontal sensing module, control module, counterweight adjustment module, guide rail, and drive mechanism. When dismantling the self-balancing system, the counterweight block 4 should be moved to a safe position and fixed first, then the horizontal sensing module and control module should be dismantled in sequence, and finally the guide rail and drive mechanism should be dismantled.

[0067] After the self-balancing system is dismantled, use lifting equipment to sequentially disconnect the connections between the hanging holes and hanging points at both ends of the main crossbeam 3. When disconnecting, first slightly lift the main crossbeam 3 to relieve the load between the hanging holes and hanging points, then pull out the connecting pins or release the attachments. After disconnecting the connections on both sides, lower the main crossbeam 3 and the bottom cross support system as a whole to the ground. During the lowering process, keep the lifting equipment stable to prevent the main crossbeam 3 from swinging significantly.

[0068] Finally, remove the lifting rod 2. When removing the lifting rod 2, first release the temporary lock between the lifting rod 2 and the reserved connecting piece at the top of the pile foundation 1, and then use lifting equipment to lift the lifting rod 2 away from the top of the pile foundation 1.

[0069] The dismantling process proceeds in the following order: first, remove the active adjustment components; then, disconnect the suspension connection; and finally, remove the suspension rod 2. Removing the self-balancing system first avoids unnecessary movement caused by the self-balancing system remaining operational during the disconnection process. Lifting equipment is used to assist in bearing loads during disconnection to prevent the main beam 3 from suddenly falling. Finally, the suspension rod 2 is removed, completing the dismantling of the entire support system.

[0070] The dismantling sequence in this embodiment is safe and orderly, and all components can be completely dismantled and recycled for reuse, reducing construction costs. The use of lifting equipment to assist in load-bearing during dismantling effectively prevents safety hazards caused by sudden unloading.

[0071] Example 6: This example further defines the zero-position calibration of the horizontal sensing module and the limit protection of the counterweight adjustment module.

[0072] The horizontal sensing module undergoes zero-point calibration before each use to improve the accuracy of monitoring data. Zero-point calibration can be performed when the main crossbeam 3 is in a horizontal state, setting the output value of the horizontal sensing module at this time as the zero-point reference value. If the main crossbeam 3 has an initial tilt after installation, zero-point compensation can be performed through software or hardware to ensure that subsequent measurement data reflects the true deviation of the main crossbeam 3 relative to the preset attitude.

[0073] The counterweight adjustment module has a limit protection at the end of its stroke. The limit protection can be achieved by means of mechanical limit blocks, limit switches, proximity switches, or software limits. When the counterweight adjustment module reaches the end of its stroke, the limit protection will activate to prevent the counterweight 4 from moving further, thus preventing the counterweight 4 from falling off the guide rail or damaging the drive mechanism.

[0074] During the installation of the berthing member, if the counterweight adjustment module moves to the end of its stroke while the main cross beam 3 still fails to return to the preset attitude, the self-balancing system shall issue an alarm prompt. The alarm prompt can be in forms such as acousto-optic alarm, wireless signal alarm or operation platform prompt. After receiving the alarm prompt, construction personnel shall stop the current construction operation, check the cause of unbalanced load on the main cross beam 3, and take manual intervention measures, such as adjusting the hoisting position of the berthing member, adding auxiliary supports, or readjusting the distribution of construction loads.

[0075] Zero calibration can eliminate the systematic error of the horizontal sensing module and ensure the accuracy of the reference for monitoring data. Limit protection can prevent the counterweight block 4 from moving beyond the stroke range under extreme working conditions, and avoid mechanical damage and safety accidents. The alarm prompt provides construction personnel with an early warning of abnormal conditions, enabling construction personnel to intervene and handle it in a timely manner, and preventing the self-balancing system from continuing to operate when it exceeds the adjustment capacity, which would cause instability of the support system.

[0076] In this embodiment, through the synergistic effect of zero calibration, limit protection and alarm prompt, the safety and reliability of the self-balancing system are further improved, ensuring that the system can operate accurately within the normal adjustment range, can give an early warning in time and allow manual intervention under abnormal conditions, and guarantee construction safety.

[0077] Specifically, the specific construction method of the self-balancing support system of the present invention is as follows: 1. Construction Preparation 1. Check the flatness and strength of the top of the constructed pile foundation 1, and the position and quality of the reserved connecting pieces. The reserved connecting pieces can be embedded bolts, anchor bars or embedded steel plates, etc.

[0078] 2. Process and manufacture all components of the hanging reinforcement 2, the main cross beam 3, the bottom transverse support system and the self-balancing system. The hanging reinforcement 2 adopts an inverted-U-shaped straddle structure, and support shafts or support ear plates protruding outward are arranged at the lower parts of both sides as hanging points. Height adjustment members are arranged at the hanging points for adjusting the relative height between the two hanging points.

[0079] 3. Process hanging holes and the installation position of the guide rail on the main cross beam 3. The guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the main cross beam 3.

[0080] 4. Prepare materials and equipment such as the horizontal sensing module, the control module, the counterweight adjustment module, the driving mechanism, the anti-slip cushion layer, the positioning member, and the wedging member.

[0081] 2. Installation of Hanging Reinforcement 2 1. Lay an anti-slip cushion layer between the hanging reinforcement 2 and the top of the pile foundation 1. The anti-slip cushion layer can be a rubber pad or a steel plate, etc.

[0082] 2. Install the hanging reinforcement 2 in a straddling manner on the top of the constructed pile foundation 1, so that the hanging points on both sides of the hanging reinforcement 2 are respectively located on both sides of the pile foundation 1.

[0083] 3. The lifting bar 2 is temporarily locked by the reserved connector set at the top of the pile foundation 1 to prevent the lifting bar 2 from shifting laterally.

[0084] 4. After locking, check the height difference between the hanging points on both sides of the suspension rod 2 to ensure it meets the preset accuracy requirements. If the height difference exceeds the tolerance, compensate by adjusting the height adjustment components at the hanging points to ensure that the initial levelness of the main beam 3 after suspension meets the design requirements.

[0085] III. Installation of Main Horizontal Beam 3 and Bottom Horizontal Support System 1. Connect the bottom transverse support system to the underside of the main transverse beam 3. The connection method can be welding, bolting, or pin connection.

[0086] 2. Hoist the main crossbeam 3, which is connected to the bottom horizontal support system, to the lifting rod 2, so that the hanging holes at both ends of the main crossbeam 3 align with the hanging points on both sides of the lifting rod 2, so that the main crossbeam 3 is in a suspended state. During the alignment, the position of the main crossbeam 3 can be finely adjusted using lifting equipment to ensure accurate alignment between the hanging holes and hanging points.

[0087] IV. Installation and Commissioning of Self-Balancing System 1. Install a self-balancing system on the main crossbeam 3. Install guide rails, counterweights 4, drive mechanism, level sensing module, and control module. The level sensing module includes at least one tilt sensor, installed at the bottom of the main crossbeam 3. Observation points for manual leveling verification are also set on the main crossbeam 3, forming a dual monitoring system with the tilt sensor.

[0088] 2. The horizontal sensing module is zero-point calibrated before each use to improve the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0089] 3. Limit protection is set at the end of the stroke of the counterweight adjustment module.

[0090] 4. Conduct self-balancing system commissioning, including off-center load simulation test and graded loading preload test. The off-center load simulation test is used to verify the response sensitivity of the self-balancing system; the graded loading preload test uses standard loads to apply graded loads to the bottom transverse support system, simulating actual construction loads and recording the deformation of the main transverse beam 3 and the adjustment data of the self-balancing system.

[0091] V. Hoisting and Temporary Fixing of Ship-Mounting Components 1. Hoist the berthing components onto the bottom transverse support system. During hoisting, the descent speed and position of the berthing components should be controlled to avoid excessive impact on the bottom transverse support system.

[0092] 2. After the berthing component is in place, the positioning piece passes through the pre-set mounting hole on the berthing component and the corresponding hole on the bottom transverse support system, and the positioning piece is wedged with a wedge clamp to temporarily fix the berthing component on the bottom transverse support system.

[0093] 3. During the installation of the berthing components, the attitude of the main crossbeam 3 is monitored in real time using a horizontal sensing module. When the main crossbeam 3 deviates from its intended position, the control module drives the counterweight adjustment module to generate a reverse balancing torque based on the deviation value collected by the horizontal sensing module, thereby restoring the main crossbeam 3 to the preset attitude.

[0094] 4. The control module adopts a segmented adjustment strategy: when the deviation value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, coarse adjustment is performed at the first rate; when the deviation value is less than the first threshold but greater than the second threshold, fine adjustment is performed at the second rate; when the deviation value is less than or equal to the second threshold, the current counterweight position is locked.

[0095] 5. When the counterweight adjustment module reaches the end of its stroke and the main crossbeam 3 has not yet returned to the preset posture, the self-balancing system will issue an alarm. Construction personnel should stop construction and take manual intervention measures.

[0096] VI. Construction of Upper Horizontal Bracing After the berthing components are temporarily secured, the upper cross bracing is constructed. During construction, the self-balancing system continues to operate, adjusting the attitude of the main crossbeam 3 in real time to counteract the additional eccentric load generated by the upper cross bracing construction.

[0097] VII. Dismantling of the Support System 1. Once the upper horizontal bracing is completed and reaches the predetermined strength, the support system will be dismantled.

[0098] 2. First, dismantle the self-balancing system, including all components such as the level sensing module, control module, counterweight adjustment module, guide rail, and drive mechanism.

[0099] 3. Then, using lifting equipment, disconnect the hanging holes and hanging points at both ends of the main crossbeam 3 in sequence, and lower the main crossbeam 3 and the bottom cross support system as a whole to the ground.

[0100] 4. Finally, remove the lifting rod 2, release the temporary lock between the lifting rod 2 and the reserved connection at the top of the pile foundation 1, and lift the lifting rod 2 away from the top of the pile foundation 1.

[0101] 5. After cleaning, inspection and maintenance, each dismantled component can be reused in subsequent construction.

[0102] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this application. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this application. Various changes and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of this application as claimed. The scope of protection of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A suspended self-balancing support system for installing deeply buried berthing components, characterized in that, Comprising: a hanging reinforcement (2), wherein the hanging reinforcement (2) is of a straddle-type structure and is mounted on the top of a constructed pile foundation (1), and hanging points are provided at the lower parts of both sides of the hanging reinforcement (2); a main cross beam (3), wherein hanging holes are provided at both ends of the main cross beam (3), and the hanging holes are respectively matched with the hanging points on both sides of the hanging reinforcement (2), so that the main cross beam (3) is suspended on both sides of the pile foundation (1) through the hanging reinforcement (2); a bottom transverse support system connected below the main cross beam (3) and used for bearing construction loads of a berthing member and an upper transverse support; and a self-balancing system arranged on the main cross beam (3), wherein the self-balancing system comprises a horizontal sensing module, a control module and a counterweight adjustment module; the horizontal sensing module is used for collecting attitude data of the main cross beam (3) in real time, the control module outputs an adjustment instruction according to the attitude data, and the counterweight adjustment module changes its own state according to the adjustment instruction to generate a balancing moment.

2. The suspended self-balancing support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hanging reinforcement (2) is of an I-shaped structure and straddles the top of the pile foundation (1), and the hanging points are support shafts or support ear plates arranged at the lower parts of both sides of the hanging reinforcement (2) and extending in a direction away from the side wall of the hanging reinforcement (2).

3. The suspended self-balancing support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-balancing system further comprises a guide rail and a driving mechanism, wherein the guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the main cross beam (3), the counterweight adjustment module comprises a counterweight block (4) slidably arranged on the guide rail, and the driving mechanism is controlled by the control module to drive the counterweight block (4) to reciprocate along the guide rail.

4. The suspended self-balancing support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal sensing module comprises at least one inclination sensor, and the inclination sensor is mounted at the bottom of the main cross beam (3); an observation point for manual leveling review is further arranged on the main cross beam (3), and the observation point and the inclination sensor form a dual monitoring system.

5. The suspended self-balancing support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An anti-slip cushion layer is arranged between the hanging reinforcement (2) and the top of the pile foundation (1), a reserved connecting piece is arranged at the top of the pile foundation (1), and the hanging reinforcement (2) is temporarily locked through the reserved connecting piece to prevent lateral displacement.

6. The suspended self-balancing support system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A height adjusting piece is arranged at the hanging points of the hanging reinforcement (2) and used for adjusting the relative height between the two hanging points, so as to adjust the initial levelness of the main cross beam (3) after being suspended.

7. A method for installing berthing components using a suspended self-balancing support system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: mounting the hanging reinforcement (2) on the top of the constructed pile foundation (1), so that the hanging points on both sides of the hanging reinforcement (2) are respectively located on both sides of the pile foundation (1); connecting the bottom transverse support system below the main cross beam (3), then hoisting the main cross beam (3) connected with the bottom transverse support system to the position of the hanging reinforcement (2), so that the hanging holes at both ends of the main cross beam (3) are respectively butted with the hanging points, and the main cross beam (3) is in a suspended state; mounting and debugging the self-balancing system on the main cross beam (3); The berthing component is hoisted onto the bottom transverse support system. During the installation of the berthing component, the attitude of the main crossbeam (3) is monitored in real time using the horizontal sensing module. When the main crossbeam (3) deviates, the counterweight adjustment module is driven by the control module to generate a reverse balancing torque, so that the main crossbeam (3) returns to the preset attitude. After the mooring components are temporarily fixed, the upper horizontal bracing is constructed. After the upper horizontal bracing is completed and reaches the predetermined strength, the self-balancing system, the main horizontal beam (3), the bottom horizontal support system and the hanging rod (2) are removed.

8. The method for installing berthing components according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the control module drives the counterweight adjustment module based on the deviation value collected by the horizontal sensing module, it adopts a segmented adjustment strategy: A first threshold and a second threshold are preset, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold; When the deviation value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, coarse adjustment is performed at the first rate. When the deviation value is less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold, fine-tuning is performed at the second rate; When the deviation value is less than or equal to the second threshold, the current counterweight position is locked. The deviation value is the absolute value of the deviation amount; the first rate is greater than the second rate.

9. The method for installing berthing components according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the suspension rod (2) is installed on the top of the pile foundation (1), an anti-slip pad is placed between the suspension rod (2) and the top of the pile foundation (1), and the suspension rod (2) is temporarily locked by the reserved connector set on the top of the pile foundation (1). After locking, the height difference between the hanging points on both sides of the suspension rod (2) is checked to meet the preset accuracy requirements.

10. The method for installing berthing components according to claim 7, characterized in that, The horizontal sensing module is calibrated to zero position before each use to improve the accuracy of the monitoring data; A limit protection is provided at the end of the stroke of the counterweight adjustment module; When the counterweight adjustment module reaches the end of its stroke and the main crossbeam has not yet returned to the preset posture, the self-balancing system issues an alarm.

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