Bionic fishway for high sediment-laden river basin

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bionic fishway for high sediment-laden basin, belong to fish over dam water conservancy facilities technical field, including the fishway of the back structure of the inclined arrangement, the fishway is provided with sediment discharge channel below, sediment discharge channel is separated with fishway by fishway bottom plate, fishway bottom plate is spliced by multiple rotating plates;Fishway side wall outside is provided with several servo motors, servo motor and rotating plate one-to-one corresponding transmission connection;The output shaft of each servo motor is fixedly connected with the side surface one end of corresponding rotating plate, and bionic structure is provided on each rotating plate.The application realizes fishway silt automatic flushing, fish isolation protection, sediment discharge channel continues self-flushing silt, reduces operation and maintenance difficulty, adapts to the long-term stable operation of high sediment river such as Yellow River.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of fish crossing dam water conservancy facilities, specifically relating to a biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds. Background Technology

[0002] Dams, hydroelectric power stations, and other water conservancy projects that block rivers disrupt natural waterways, blocking upstream and downstream migration routes for fish and damaging river connectivity and aquatic ecosystems. The industry commonly mitigates this ecological impact by constructing fishways and fish lifts. Traditional fishways, including weir-type, vertical slot, partition-type, and pipe-type concrete structures, rely on narrowing the cross-section to create unidirectional water flow, resulting in a limited flow pattern that cannot meet the diverse habitat and migration needs of various fish species.

[0003] In order to improve the success rate of fish passage, existing technologies have installed biomimetic components such as biomimetic stones and biomimetic aquatic plants inside the fishway to replicate the complex hydrological environment of natural river channels and form multiple flow velocity ranges, providing rest, safety and migration channels for fish with different habits. However, such biomimetic fishways have significant drawbacks in the application of high sediment load basins (such as the Yellow River): (1) The irregularly shaped biomimetic components inside the fishway are very easy to intercept sediment. The sediment continues to accumulate and cover the biomimetic structure, which greatly weakens the biomimetic water flow regulation effect. When the sedimentation is severe, it directly blocks the cross section of the fishway and blocks the passage of fish; (2) The biomimetic structure is scattered and the internal space of the fishway is tortuous and complex, making manual sand removal difficult, the operation cycle is long, and the equipment maintenance cost is high; (3) During sand removal, it is impossible to isolate fish groups. The high-speed sand flushing water flow can easily scratch and impact fish groups, causing fish casualties and greatly reducing the ecological compensation effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated biomimetic fishway structure that can adapt to rivers with high sediment content, isolate fish schools, automatically and quickly dredge silt, and avoid secondary siltation of the sediment discharge channel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem solved: In view of the shortcomings of the background technology, the present invention provides a biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds, which realizes automatic silt flushing of fishway, fish isolation and protection, continuous self-flushing of sediment discharge channel, reduces operation and maintenance difficulty, and is suitable for long-term stable operation of high sediment load rivers such as the Yellow River.

[0005] Technical Solution: The present invention discloses a biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds, comprising a fishway with an inclined, zigzag structure, a sediment discharge channel located below the fishway, the sediment discharge channel being separated from the fishway by a fishway bottom plate, the fishway bottom plate being composed of multiple rotating plates; several servo motors are arranged on the outer side of the fishway sidewall, the servo motors being connected to the rotating plates one by one for transmission; the output shaft of each servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the side of the corresponding rotating plate, and each rotating plate is provided with a biomimetic structure.

[0006] Preferably, a flushing pipe is installed above the fishway, and several flushing nozzles are evenly distributed at the bottom of the flushing pipe; a flushing pump is installed at the top of the flushing pipe, the flushing pump is connected to the upstream river channel, and the end of the flushing pipe is closed.

[0007] Preferably, the water outlet of the flushing nozzle is arranged facing the downward rotating plate.

[0008] Preferably, multiple sets of gantry frames are spaced apart above the fishway, and the flushing pipe is fixedly installed on the gantry frames.

[0009] Preferably, the inlet of the flushing pump is connected to a sedimentation tank, and the sedimentation tank is connected to an upstream river channel.

[0010] Preferably, the end of the rotating plate connected to the servo motor is the downstream end of the rotating plate; the rotating plate rotates downward around the output axis of the servo motor, and the rotation angle is controlled within the range of 20°-45°.

[0011] Preferably, a fish-blocking gate is provided at the downstream bottom end of the fishway, and the fish-blocking gate slides up and down along the gate frame; the gate frame is set on the top of the two side walls at the bottom end of the fishway, and a gate motor is provided at the top of the gate frame; a water-permeable mesh structure is provided at the fish-blocking gate.

[0012] Preferably, the upstream end of the fishway is connected to the upstream river channel, and the downstream end of the fishway is connected to the downstream river channel.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the sediment discharge channel is connected to the upstream river channel, the bottom of the sediment discharge channel is connected to the downstream river channel, and a downstream water flow is formed within the sediment discharge channel.

[0014] Preferably, the biomimetic structure includes biomimetic stones and biomimetic aquatic plants, and simulates the natural aquatic habitat of a river and regulates the flow rate of the water inside the fishway in layers.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention features a sand-draining channel beneath the normal fishway. The bottom plate of the fishway is divided into multiple independent rotating plates, each driven by a servo motor to tilt and flip downwards. After the rotating plates flip, the fishway connects with the bottom sand-draining channel. The existing downstream flow of the river directly washes away the silt accumulated on the surface of the biomimetic structure, and the silt falls into the sand-draining channel and is discharged downstream. The sand-draining operation can be carried out by flipping and cleaning sections upstream and downstream without interrupting the flow. The sand-draining operation is flexible and controllable. 2. This invention features a flushing pipe above the fishway, with flushing nozzles evenly distributed at the bottom of the pipe. A sedimentation tank is installed at the inlet of the flushing pipe to settle the upstream high-sand-content water. A flushing pump draws low-sand-content clean water and delivers it to the flushing pipe, where it is sprayed directionally onto an inclined rotating plate for flushing. When the riverbed sediment concentration is extremely high and the natural water flow is insufficient for flushing, all rotating plates can be flipped over to simultaneously perform high-pressure clean water flushing, significantly improving dredging efficiency. 3. The present invention sets a fish-blocking gate with a leaky net at the downstream end of the fishway. Before dredging, the gate is lowered to block fish from entering the fishway. The water-permeable leaky net allows water to pass through and drain. After standing for a period of time, all the remaining fish in the fishway will move downstream and leave. Then the flushing and sand removal operation is started to avoid the impact and scratching of the migratory fish by the high-speed sand flushing water flow, thus ensuring the safety of aquatic life. 4. This invention directly connects the upstream and downstream of the sand discharge channel to the natural river channel. Under normal circumstances, upstream water flows continuously through the channel, continuously flushing the sediment deposited inside. The sediment flushed off by the fishway can be quickly transported downstream with the water flow, without accumulating and blocking the sand discharge channel, thus reducing the frequency of regular dredging and maintenance. 5. During normal operation, the rotating plate remains horizontally spliced ​​to form a complete waterway bottom plate. On the rotating plate, biomimetic stones and aquatic plants are formed to replicate the complex flow field of a natural river channel, creating a multi-layered water flow zone with low-speed resting area and high-speed migration area. This meets the resting and migration needs of fish with different habits and body sizes, and improves the success rate of fish crossing the dam. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the biomimetic fishway of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Partial cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the midfish passage; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure of the marked area.

[0017] Attached diagrams: 1. Fishway; 2. Sand removal channel; 3. Flushing pipe; 4. Gantry frame; 5. Flushing nozzle; 6. Servo motor; 7. Gate frame; 8. Rotating plate; 9. Bionic structure; 10. Gate motor; 11. Fish-blocking gate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figures 1-3 The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds. Its main body is a fishway 1 with an inclined and zigzag structure. The upstream end of the fishway 1 is connected to the upstream river channel, and the downstream end of the fishway 1 is connected to the downstream river channel, forming a passage for fish to migrate from downstream to upstream.

[0020] Below the fishway 1, there is a sand discharge channel 2. The sand discharge channel 2 is a hollow cavity structure, and its upstream and downstream ends are connected to the upstream and downstream river channels, respectively. When sand discharge is not being carried out, the water in the sand discharge channel 2 remains unobstructed, so that the silt inside the sand discharge channel 2 is continuously and rapidly flushed by the water flow, preventing the accumulation of silt and blockage of the sand discharge channel 2.

[0021] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the sand-draining channel 2 and the fishway 1 are separated by a fishway bottom plate, which is composed of multiple rotating plates 8 spliced ​​together along the water flow direction. Each rotating plate 8 is equipped with a biomimetic structure 9, which includes biomimetic stones and biomimetic aquatic plants, simulating the natural aquatic habitat of a river, providing a resting and habitat environment for fish in the fishway, and slowing down the water flow in the fishway. The flow rate inside the fishway can be adjusted in layers to be divided into several different intervals, providing differentiated habitats for small bottom-dwelling fish and large migratory fish, for fish groups with different habits.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, multiple sets of servo motors 6 are installed on the outer side wall of the fishway 1, and each servo motor 6 is connected to a rotating plate 8 in a corresponding transmission manner. The output shaft of each servo motor 6 passes through the side wall of the fishway 1 and enters the interior of the fishway 1. The downstream end of the rotating plate 8 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 6, so that the rotating plate 8 can rotate around its downstream end under the drive of the servo motor 6. Figure 2 As shown, the rotating plate 8 can only rotate downward under the control of the servo motor 6, and its rotation angle is limited to between 20° and 45°. When the rotating plate 8 rotates downward, the water flow in the fishway 1 is kept continuous, so that the downward water flow can wash the top surface of the inclined rotating plate 8, and the water flow quickly washes away the mud and sand on the plate surface along the slope.

[0023] like Figures 1-2As shown, a flushing pipe 3 is installed above the fishway 1, running parallel to and aligned with the fishway 1. Multiple sets of portal frames 4 are spaced apart above the fishway 1, and the flushing pipe 3 is fixedly installed on the portal frames 4, allowing it to be securely positioned above the fishway 1. Multiple flushing nozzles 5 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the flushing pipe 3, running along its length with their outlets facing downwards towards the rotating plate. A flushing pump is installed at the top of the flushing pipe 3, with its inlet connected to a sedimentation tank (not shown in the figure). The sedimentation tank is connected to the upstream river channel, thus connecting the flushing pump to the upstream river channel. High-sediment-content water from upstream enters the sedimentation tank for settling. The flushing pump can pump low-sediment-content clean water into the flushing pipe 3. When clean water is pumped into the flushing pipe 3, it is sprayed onto the rotating plate 8 below through the flushing nozzles 5, further flushing and removing sediment. The end of the flushing pipe is sealed to ensure even water pressure distribution to all flushing nozzles.

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a gate frame 7 and a fish-blocking gate 11 are installed on the top of both side walls at the downstream bottom end of the fishway 1. The fish-blocking gate 11 slides up and down along the gate frame 7. A gate motor 10 is installed at the top of the gate frame 7, and the gate motor is connected to the fish-blocking gate 11. The gate motor drives the fish-blocking gate 11 to slide up and down vertically along the gate frame to open or close. A water-permeable mesh structure is installed at the fish-blocking gate 11 to block fish from passing through, but to keep the water flowing smoothly. Before the flushing work, the fish-blocking gate 11 can be lowered by the gate motor 10 to prevent fish from continuing to enter the fishway 1. Then, after a certain period of time, all the remaining fish in the fishway 1 have passed through the fishway. After there are no more fish left in the fishway, the flushing and sand removal operation can begin.

[0025] The working principle or workflow of this application: During normal fish passage, all rotating plates 8 are horizontally spliced ​​to form a complete fishway bottom plate; the fish-blocking gate 11 is lifted and opened, connecting the upstream and downstream river channels, and fish migrate normally along the fishway 1; upstream water flows continuously in the sand discharge channel 2 to maintain a self-flushing state; the flushing pump, servo motor, and gate motor are all in standby mode.

[0026] During use, as mud and sand gradually accumulate in fishway 1, the accumulation of mud and sand in fishway 1 can be monitored through manual inspection or monitoring cameras. When the amount of mud and sand accumulation reaches the threshold, the flushing and sand removal work can begin. First, close the fish-blocking gate 11 to prevent fish from entering fishway 1. Then wait for a period of time to allow all the remaining fish in fishway 1 to migrate. To improve efficiency, manual assistance can also be used to remove fish. After the remaining fish in fishway 1 are removed, the next flushing work can begin.

[0027] Following the order from upstream to downstream, servo motors 6 are activated sequentially to drive rotating plates 8 to tilt downwards. As rotating plates 8 tilt downwards, a connection is formed between fish passage 1 and sand discharge channel 2. The water flow in fish passage 1 continues to flow downwards, naturally rinsing the tilting rotating plates 8 and cleaning the sediment accumulated in the biomimetic structure 9 on top. During this process, the rinsing pump can also be turned on to accelerate rinsing through the rinsing nozzles 5. The washed-down sediment falls into the sand discharge channel 2 and is carried downstream by the water flow in the sand discharge channel 2. After rinsing one rotating plate 8, servo motor 6 is activated to rotate in the opposite direction to reset it, and then the rinsing of the next rotating plate 8 continues until all rotating plates 8 have been rinsed.

[0028] If the sediment content in the river is too high, making it difficult for the water flow in fishway 1 to flush away the accumulated sediment, the upstream inlet of fishway 1 can be closed, and the flushing pump can be turned on. Clean water from the sedimentation tank can be used to flush the rotating plates 8 through the flushing nozzles 5. When using only the flushing nozzles 5, it is not necessary to proceed sequentially; all rotating plates 8 can be rotated downwards simultaneously for flushing. After flushing, all rotating plates 8 are reset, and the inlet of fishway 1 is reopened. Then, the gate motor 10 is used to pull the fish-blocking gate 11 upwards again, reopening fishway 1 and connecting the upstream and downstream channels for fish passage.

[0029] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds, characterized in that, The fishway (1) includes a tilted, zigzag structure. A sand-draining channel (2) is provided below the fishway (1). The sand-draining channel (2) and the fishway (1) are separated by a fishway bottom plate. The fishway bottom plate is made up of multiple rotating plates (8). Several servo motors (6) are provided on the outer side of the side wall of the fishway (1). The servo motors (6) are connected to the rotating plates (8) in a one-to-one transmission connection. The output shaft of each servo motor (6) is fixedly connected to one end of the side of the corresponding rotating plate (8). Each rotating plate (8) is provided with a biomimetic structure (9).

2. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flushing pipe (3) is installed above the fishway (1), and several flushing nozzles (5) are evenly distributed at the bottom of the flushing pipe (3); a flushing pump is installed at the top of the flushing pipe (3), the flushing pump is connected to the upstream river channel, and the end of the flushing pipe (3) is closed.

3. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water outlet of the flushing nozzle (5) is arranged facing the downward rotating plate.

4. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple sets of gantry frames (4) are spaced apart above the fishway (1), and the flushing pipe (3) is fixedly installed on the gantry frames (4).

5. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flushing pump inlet is connected to a sedimentation tank, which is connected to an upstream river channel.

6. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the rotating plate (8) connected to the servo motor (6) is the downstream end of the rotating plate (8); the rotating plate (8) rotates downward around the output axis of the servo motor (6), and the rotation angle is controlled in the range of 20°-45°.

7. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fish passage (1) is provided with a fish-blocking gate (11) at the downstream bottom end. The fish-blocking gate (11) slides up and down along the gate frame (7). The gate frame (7) is set on the top of the two side walls at the bottom end of the fish passage. The gate motor (10) is set at the top of the gate frame (7). A water-permeable mesh structure is provided at the fish-blocking gate (11).

8. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upstream end of the fishway (1) is connected to the upstream river channel, and the downstream end of the fishway (1) is connected to the downstream river channel.

9. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the sand discharge channel (2) is connected to the upstream river channel, and the bottom of the sand discharge channel (2) is connected to the downstream river channel, forming a forward flow within the sand discharge channel (2).

10. The biomimetic fishway for high sediment load watersheds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic structure includes biomimetic stones and biomimetic aquatic plants, and simulates the natural aquatic habitat of a river and regulates the flow rate of the water inside the fishway in layers.

Images