A rock anchor fan foundation construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fan foundation construction, in particular to a rock anchor rod fan foundation construction method, which comprises the following steps: foundation pit excavation; leveling layer pouring; anchor rod assembly installation: sequentially carrying out drilling, anchor rod placing and pump mortar injection; foundation ring installation: installing the foundation ring on the anchor rod; concrete cushion layer pouring; fan installation: installing high-strength bolts on the foundation ring, installing a fan bottom ring on the high-strength bolts and installing a fan tower on the fan bottom ring; upper template installation; upper foundation concrete pouring; earthwork backfilling. The application can form a rigid anchoring system, significantly improves the overall strength, anti-pulling performance and safety of the fan foundation, directly anchors and pours after the foundation pit is excavated, saves the construction period and improves the construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wind turbine foundation construction technology, and in particular to a method for constructing wind turbine foundations using rock anchor bolts. Background Technology

[0002] Central Shandong Province is characterized by mountainous and hilly terrain with significant topographic relief, making it highly favorable for wind energy capture. The geological conditions are dominated by collapsible loess, a type of soil with a loose structure that is prone to subsidence when exposed to water, which places high technical demands on the construction of wind turbine foundations.

[0003] Currently, a Chinese invention patent application with publication number CN110820790A and publication date of February 21, 2020, proposes a construction process for simultaneous water injection and humidification of lime-soil compaction piles, including: determining the pile length and spacing of lime-soil piles according to the depth of collapse and the bearing capacity requirements of the foundation; calculating the water injection volume of a single pile; setting up a humidification device; drilling and constructing the hole; and compacting the prepared lime-soil into piles.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, the mixing and backfilling of lime-soil mixtures require strict control according to the mix proportions. Each step, from on-site mixing and layered backfilling to compaction, necessitates meticulous manual operation, making it difficult to significantly reduce time. After completion, the piles require natural curing to allow for gradual strength development. Furthermore, densely packed pile locations and narrow working areas at the construction site can also affect mechanical efficiency and workflow coordination. Overall, this process presents significant construction challenges and a relatively long construction period, which to some extent hinders improvements in construction efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a construction method for rock-anchored wind turbine foundations, forming a rigid anchoring system that significantly improves the overall strength, pull-out resistance, and safety of the wind turbine foundation. The foundation is directly anchored and cast after excavation, saving construction time and improving construction efficiency.

[0006] A method for constructing a rock-anchored fan foundation includes: Excavation of the foundation pit; Leveling layer pouring; Anchor bolt assembly installation: Drilling, anchor bolt placement, and mortar injection are performed sequentially; Foundation ring installation: Install the foundation ring onto the anchor bolt; Concrete foundation pouring; Wind turbine installation: Install high-strength bolts onto the foundation ring, install the wind turbine bottom ring onto the high-strength bolts, and install the wind turbine tower onto the wind turbine bottom ring; Upper template installation; The upper foundation concrete was poured; Earthwork backfilling.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, in the construction of collapsible loess geology, the foundation pit is first excavated, then a leveling layer is poured, holes are drilled in the leveling layer, anchor rods are installed, mortar is injected into the holes, the foundation ring is installed on the anchor rods, a concrete cushion layer is poured, the wind turbine is installed, then the formwork is installed, concrete is poured to form the wind turbine foundation, and finally, backfill soil around the wind turbine foundation in layers and compact it. By drilling holes in the leveling layer, installing anchor rods, injecting mortar into the holes, fixing the foundation ring on the anchor rods, and then pouring concrete as a whole to form the wind turbine foundation, a rigid anchoring system is formed, which significantly improves the overall strength, pull-out resistance, and safety of the wind turbine foundation. It eliminates the need for lime pile construction and maintenance, and uses direct anchoring and pouring after foundation pit excavation, saving construction time, improving construction efficiency, and reducing construction costs.

[0008] Optionally, the number of anchor bolt assemblies is multiple, including the anchor bolt, the sleeve and several straighteners. The sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the anchor bolt, with its upper end inside the leveling layer. The straighteners are arranged on the outer circumference of the anchor bolt and located at the lower part of the sleeve.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, during anchor bolt installation, the stabilizer is placed into the borehole and moves downwards along the borehole wall until the anchor bolt contacts the bottom of the borehole. The anchor bolt is fixed with the stabilizer to ensure its verticality.

[0010] Optionally, the straightener includes an outer ring, a spring, and a contact arc plate. The outer ring is rotatably mounted on the anchor rod. One end of the spring is connected to the outer ring, and the other end is connected to the contact arc plate. The contact arc plate is radially slidable on the outer ring. By adopting the above technical solution, during anchor installation, before the stabilizer enters the borehole, the contact arc plate is moved by hand to compress the spring against the outer ring. This ensures that the area formed by a set of contact arc plates is smaller than the borehole. After placing it inside the borehole, the hand is released, the spring returns to its original position, and the auxiliary anchor is positioned in the center of the borehole. By using a spring, not only is the anchor automatically centered in the borehole, effectively avoiding installation misalignment or contact with the borehole wall, but the spring's elastic deformation capability also allows the stabilizer to adaptively adjust its support range, thus accommodating boreholes of different diameters and improving the adaptability and efficiency of anchoring construction.

[0011] Optionally, the anchor bolt assembly installation further includes anchor bolt position detection: Drill a center hole at the center of the circular area formed by several anchor rods on the leveling layer. The rotating shaft of the first detection component is set inside the central hole; Install the first detection semicircular plate onto the front end of the telescopic arm; Swing the telescopic arm to rotate it around the axis of rotation, so that the first detection semicircular plate is positioned on the radius formed by the anchor rod and the axis of rotation; Move the free end of the telescopic arm so that the inner circumference of the first detection semicircular plate abuts against the outer circumference of the anchor rod, and record the position of the first pointer on the free end of the telescopic arm and the first scale line on the fixed end; All of the anchor bolts were inspected.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the first detection component can efficiently and accurately achieve comprehensive detection of the verticality and circumferential position consistency of anchor bolts. During operation, when the inner circumferential surface of the first detection semicircular plate is completely and tightly fitted with the outer circumference of the anchor bolt, it can be directly verified that the anchor bolt is installed vertically without any tilting deviation. Furthermore, by measuring different anchor bolts multiple times, if the first pointer consistently points accurately to the same first scale line, it proves that all anchor bolts are located on the same theoretical circumference, thus ensuring the circumferential consistency of the overall layout. This integrated detection method not only improves the reliability of the detection but also simplifies the process of verifying the anchor bolt position during construction.

[0013] Optionally, the installation of the anchor bolt assembly further includes detecting the anchor bolt casting position: The second detection component is installed on the radial extension line formed by the anchor rod and the rotating shaft; The second detection component includes a second detection semicircular plate, a horizontal moving part, a vertical rotating part, a horizontal rotating part, and a connecting rod. The fixed end of the horizontal rotating part abuts against the leveling layer. The fixed end of the vertical rotating part is disposed at the free end of the horizontal rotating part. The fixed end of the horizontal moving part is disposed at the free end of the vertical rotating part. One end of the connecting rod is rotatably disposed at the free end of the horizontal moving part, and the other end is rotatably disposed on the second detection semicircular plate. When the inner circumferential surface of the first detection semicircular plate is completely and tightly fitted with the outer circumference of the anchor rod, connect it to the second detection semicircular plate and remove the telescopic rod; During mortar injection, observe whether the relative positions of the horizontal moving part, the vertical rotating part, and the moving end of the horizontal rotating part to the fixed end change to determine whether the verticality of the anchor rod has changed.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, when the anchor bolt moves along the radial direction, it will cause the connected horizontal moving part to produce a corresponding displacement, thereby significantly changing the position of the free end of the horizontal moving part relative to its fixed end, achieving real-time monitoring of radial movement. When the anchor bolt undergoes lateral displacement or misalignment in a direction perpendicular to the radius, the horizontal moving part and its linked horizontal rotating part will respond in concert, causing the free ends of both to undergo corresponding angular or positional changes relative to their respective fixed ends, reflecting the horizontal displacement state. Furthermore, when the anchor bolt tilts in other directions, the horizontal moving part, the vertical rotating part, and the horizontal rotating part will simultaneously produce compound movements, and the position and angle of their respective free ends relative to their fixed ends will undergo detectable changes, thereby achieving multi-dimensional capture of tilt displacement. This linked detection mechanism can, during construction, especially in the mortar pumping stage, monitor the relative positional changes of the free ends and fixed ends of each component, promptly and accurately determining whether the anchor bolt has undergone any directional positional change, providing reliable assurance for construction quality and safety.

[0015] Optionally, the base ring is inspected using a third detection component during installation; The third detection component includes a sleeve rod and a detection horizontal rod. The sleeve rod is vertically slidably disposed on the detection horizontal rod. The sleeve rod is provided with a detection hole, and the anchor rod is inserted into the detection hole. During testing, align the testing hole with the anchor rod, place the sleeve on the anchor rod, move the testing horizontal bar until it contacts the foundation ring, and observe whether the two fit together.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the base ring is installed, the detection hole is aligned with the anchor rod, the sleeve is placed on the anchor rod, and the detection horizontal rod is moved until it contacts the base ring. The fit between the two is then observed. Fitting proves that the anchor rod is perpendicular to the base ring, meeting the verticality requirements of the installation. This provides a direct and effective verification of the relative spatial relationship between the anchor rod and the base ring.

[0017] Optionally, when installing the high-strength bolts, an auxiliary component is used for installation. The auxiliary component includes a support plate, which is disposed on the detection horizontal bar. The third detection component also includes a locking member, through which the sleeve is locked onto the detection horizontal bar.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, during the installation of high-strength bolts, one high-strength bolt is passed through the foundation ring. The inspection hole is aligned with the anchor rod, and the sleeve is fitted onto the anchor rod. The inspection horizontal rod is moved, causing the support plate to move until it contacts the bottom of the high-strength bolt. A locking device is used to lock the inspection horizontal rod, and the high-strength bolt is fixed to the foundation ring using welding or other methods. This ensures that all high-strength bolts are in the same horizontal position, thereby meeting the overall structural levelness and installation accuracy requirements.

[0019] Optionally, the support plate is slidably mounted on the detection horizontal bar.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, after installing the leveling bar and placing multiple high-strength bolts in contact with the support plate, the support plate is moved to contact the remaining high-strength bolts. This improves the leveling efficiency of multiple high-strength bolts and ensures the consistency and accuracy of the entire high-strength bolt system in the horizontal direction.

[0021] Optionally, when pouring the upper foundation concrete, crack-resistant fiber material is added to the concrete to prevent cracking. The fiber breaking strength is ≥1150MPa, and the addition amount is 0.7~0.9kg / m³.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solutions, a uniform three-dimensional support system can be formed in the early stage of concrete hardening, which significantly improves the crack resistance and toughness of concrete, thereby enhancing the durability and overall service life of the structure.

[0023] Optionally, when pouring the upper foundation concrete, a vibrator can be used for quick insertion and slow withdrawal to tamp the concrete.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, quick insertion is to prevent the surface concrete from being compacted first, causing segregation and separation between it and the underlying concrete. Slow withdrawal is to allow the concrete to fill the voids created when the vibrator is pulled out. When vibrating the upper layer, the vibrator should be inserted about 5cm into the lower layer, with each vibration point vibrating for about 20 seconds, until the concrete no longer settles significantly, no more air bubbles appear, and mortar appears on the surface. During vibration, the formwork and reinforcing steel must not be touched, and honeycomb, pitting, or other quality problems caused by missed vibration are strictly prohibited. This also prevents rotten roots from forming at the bottom.

[0025] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention involves drilling holes in the leveling layer, installing anchor rods, injecting mortar into the holes, fixing the foundation ring to the anchor rods, and then pouring concrete to form the wind turbine foundation. This creates a rigid anchoring system, significantly improving the overall strength, pull-out resistance, and safety of the wind turbine foundation. It eliminates the need for lime pile construction and maintenance, allowing for direct anchoring and pouring after foundation pit excavation, thus saving construction time, improving construction efficiency, and reducing construction costs.

[0026] 2. This invention utilizes a first detection component to efficiently and accurately perform comprehensive testing of the verticality and circumferential position consistency of the anchor bolt. The second detection component, during construction, especially in the mortar pumping stage, monitors the relative positional changes between the free and fixed ends of each component, enabling timely and accurate determination of any directional positional change in the anchor bolt, thus providing reliable assurance for construction quality and safety.

[0027] 3. After the detection level bar is installed, the support plate can contact multiple high-strength bolts at once when it moves along the detection level bar, which improves the leveling efficiency of multiple high-strength bolts, realizes the installation of multiple high-strength bolts, and also ensures the installation consistency and accuracy of the entire high-strength bolt system in the horizontal direction. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wind turbine foundation structure according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor bolt assembly detection according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a partially cutaway three-dimensional structural diagram of the centralizer according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first detection component and the second detection component according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the first detection component according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second detection component according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of high-strength bolts according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the third detection component and auxiliary component according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the anchor bolt construction process according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure label: 100. Anchor bolt assembly; 110. Anchor bolt; 120. Sleeve; 130. Centralizer; 131. Inner ring; 132. Outer ring; 133. Guide cylinder; 134. Guide rod; 135. Spring; 136. Contact arc plate; 200, Foundation ring; 210, Foundation bottom ring; 220, Connecting rod; 230, Foundation top ring; 300. Fan; 310. Fan bottom ring; 320. Fan tower; 400, high-strength bolts; 500. Leveling layer; 600, First detection component; 610, Rotating shaft; 620, First detection semicircular plate; 630, Telescopic arm; 631, First pointer; 632, First scale line; 633, First guide groove; 634, Mounting groove; 640, Bearing; 650, Magnet; 660, Magnetic ring; 670, Wheel; 680, Set screw; 690, Slider; 700. Second detection component; 710. Second detection semicircular plate; 720. Horizontal moving part; 721. Sleeve; 722. Second scale line; 723. Second pointer; 724. Sleeve slider; 730. Vertical plane rotating part; 731. Rotating block; 732. Third scale line; 733. Circular shell; 734. Third pointer; 740. Horizontal plane rotating part; 741. Horizontal mounting plate; 742. Indicating T-axis; 743. Fourth pointer; 744. Fourth scale line; 750. Connecting rod; 760. Counterweight mounting part; 770. Connecting T-axis; 780. Connecting bolt; 790. Spring; 800. Third detection component; 810. Sleeve rod; 811. Detection hole; 812. Fixing hole; 820. Detection horizontal bar; 821. Moving groove; 822. Arc groove; 830. Locking component; 900, Auxiliary components; 910, Support plate; 920, Movable base. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following combination Figures 1 to 8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0031] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment provides a construction method for a rock anchor fan foundation, including: A method for constructing a rock-anchored fan foundation includes: S1: Excavation of the foundation pit.

[0032] S11: Before excavation, measurement and positioning should be carried out, leveling and setting out lines, and the excavation radius should be determined. When determining the excavation radius, the needs of the working face should be fully considered, and excavation should be carried out in blocks and layers according to the setting out lines, and a reasonable excavation slope should be determined.

[0033] S12: Four control stakes are set around the foundation pit to confirm and verify the center of the foundation.

[0034] S13: The excavation of the foundation pit is carried out using a backhoe excavator, with manual labor assisting in the trench cleaning.

[0035] S14: Ramps for the foundation pit: Based on site conditions, ramps should be constructed on one side of the foundation pit at a location that does not affect the transformer substation (the core power source for temporary power supply on the construction site) and other subsequent construction work. The direction of the ramps should be aligned with the location of the transformer substation as much as possible to facilitate the transportation of materials such as steel bars and reduce the amount of secondary excavation work for low-voltage cables.

[0036] S15: After the foundation pit is excavated, a construction ramp shall be set up in a suitable location that will not affect the foundation construction (the location where the low-voltage cable is buried can be selected), and a water-blocking edge shall be set up at the upper edge of the foundation pit to prevent rainwater backflow during the rainy season.

[0037] S2: Leveling layer 500mm pouring, pour C15 concrete leveling layer.

[0038] S3: Anchor bolt assembly 100 installation.

[0039] S31: Surveying and setting out and establishing the control network.

[0040] Based on the building red line, benchmarks and building axis relationships provided by the construction unit, a construction positioning control network is established, each axis is accurately measured and laid out, and the procedures for handing over the axis and elevation are completed.

[0041] The theodolite was used to set the foundation axis control line, and the level was used to set the elevation control points, which were clearly marked for the control of anchor bolt position and depth.

[0042] The leveling points provided by the construction unit were transferred to the vicinity of the construction site, and buried fixed leveling points were set up; the elevation transfer was carried out using a steel tape in conjunction with an aluminum alloy leveling rod.

[0043] S32: Set out the control points and anchor foundation plan according to the control points and anchor foundation plan.

[0044] S33: Drilling. Due to the hardness of the weathered rock, an air down-the-hole hammer drill is used to form the hole, ensuring project quality and reducing construction costs. The air-powered down-the-hole hammer drilling process changes the traditional cutting and grinding method of rock breaking, making the rock break in volume, improving drilling efficiency and adaptability to hard and complex strata.

[0045] Before drilling, the base surface should be cleaned, and the foundation should be positioned and laid out according to the foundation plan.

[0046] S34: Anchor bolt 110 is installed.

[0047] S341: Anchor bolt 110 is placed.

[0048] refer to Figure 1 Anchor bolt 110 is a P&H rock anchor bolt, with a specification model of M56 and an anchor bolt length of 18m. One wind turbine foundation is equipped with 20 anchor bolts. The drilling depth is 15.5m below the leveling layer of 500mm and the diameter is 200mm.

[0049] refer to Figure 2 The anchor bolt assembly 100 includes an anchor bolt 110, a sleeve 120 and several straighteners 130. The sleeve 120 is sleeved on the outside of the anchor bolt 110, with its upper end inside the leveling layer 500. The straighteners 130 are disposed on the outer circumference of the anchor bolt 110 and located at the lower part of the sleeve 120.

[0050] The sleeve 120 is made of PE pipe, and the centralizer 130 is located at a spacing of 3m below the bottom end of the sleeve 120.

[0051] refer to Figure 3 The stabilizer 130 includes an inner ring 131, an outer ring 132, a guide cylinder 133, a guide rod 134, a spring 135, and a contact arc plate 136. The inner ring 131 is mounted on the anchor rod 110, the outer ring 132 is rotatably mounted on the inner ring 131, the guide cylinder 133 is mounted on the outer ring 132, the guide rod 134 is slidably disposed within the guide cylinder 133, the spring 135 is disposed within the guide cylinder 133, one end of the spring 135 is connected to the outer ring 132, and the other end is connected to the guide rod 134. The contact arc plate 136 is mounted on the end of the guide rod 134 away from the outer ring 132.

[0052] During anchor bolt 110 installation, before the stabilizer 130 enters the borehole, the contact arc plate 136 is moved by hand to compress the spring 135 against the outer ring 132, ensuring that the area formed by a set of contact arc plates 136 is smaller than the borehole. After placing it inside the borehole, the hand is released, the spring 135 returns to its original position, and the auxiliary anchor bolt 110 is positioned in the center of the borehole. This process is repeated until all stabilizers 130 are in the borehole, and then the anchor bolt 110 is moved downwards until it contacts the bottom of the borehole. By using the spring 135, the anchor bolt 110 is automatically positioned in the center of the borehole, effectively avoiding installation misalignment or contact with the borehole wall. Furthermore, the elastic deformation capability of the spring 135 allows the stabilizer 130 to adaptively adjust its support range, thus accommodating boreholes of different diameters and improving the adaptability and efficiency of anchoring construction.

[0053] S342: Anchor bolt 110 position detection.

[0054] S3421: Drill a center hole at the center position of the circular area formed by several anchor rods 110 on the leveling layer 500.

[0055] S3422: The rotating shaft 610 of the first detection component 600 is set inside the center hole.

[0056] refer to Figure 4 and 5The first detection component 600 includes a rotating shaft 610, a first detection semicircular plate 620, a telescopic arm 630, a first pointer 631, a bearing 640, a magnet 650, a magnetic ring 660, a wheel 670, a set screw 680, and a slider 690. The outer ring of the bearing 640 is fixedly installed in the central hole. The lower end of the rotating shaft 610 is installed in the inner ring of the bearing 640. The fixed end of the telescopic arm 630 is installed on the upper end of the rotating shaft 610. The fixed end of the telescopic arm 630 has a first guide groove 633 and a first scale line 632. The slider 690 is installed on the free end of the telescopic arm 630 and is slidably disposed in the first... Within the guide groove 633, the first pointer 631 is mounted on the slider 690. The set screw 680 is threadedly connected to the slider 690 and abuts against the fixed end of the telescopic arm 630. The magnet 650 is mounted on the fixed end of the telescopic arm 630, located at the end of the first guide groove 633 near the rotating shaft 610. The magnet 650 magnetically attracts the slider 690. The wheel 670 is mounted on the fixed end of the telescopic arm 630. The free end of the telescopic arm 630 has a mounting groove 634. The magnetic ring 660 is inserted into the mounting groove 634 and mounted on the free end of the telescopic arm 630. The magnetic ring 660 magnetically attracts the first detection semicircular plate 620.

[0057] S3423: Install the first detection semicircular plate 620 onto the front end of the telescopic arm 630; S3424: Swing the telescopic arm 630 to rotate it around the axis of the rotating shaft 610, so that the first detection semicircular plate 620 is located on the radius formed by the anchor rod 110 and the rotating shaft 610; S3425: Move the free end of the telescopic arm 630 so that the inner circumference of the first detection semicircular plate 620 abuts against the outer circumference of the anchor rod 110, and record the position of the first pointer 631 on the free end of the telescopic arm 630 and the first scale line 632 on the fixed end. S3426: Inspect all of the anchor bolts 110.

[0058] refer to Figure 4 and 5The first detection component 600 enables efficient and accurate comprehensive testing of the verticality and circumferential position consistency of the anchor bolts 110. During operation, when the inner circumferential surface of the first detection semicircular plate 620 is completely and tightly fitted with the outer circumference of the anchor bolt 110, it can be directly verified that the anchor bolt is installed vertically without any tilting deviation. Furthermore, by measuring different anchor bolts multiple times, if the first pointer 631 consistently and accurately points to the same first scale line 632, it proves that all anchor bolts 110 are located on the same theoretical circumference, thus ensuring the circumferential consistency of the overall layout. This integrated testing method not only improves the reliability of the testing but also simplifies the process of verifying the anchor bolt position during construction.

[0059] S35: Pumped mortar.

[0060] S351: Before grouting, the hole must be moistened. If the hole wall is dry, water can be sprayed onto the hole wall with a sprayer. After spraying water for 4-5 hours, the hole wall should be moistened to the touch. If a large amount of water seeps into the hole, it needs to be pumped out and wiped clean with a sponge before grouting.

[0061] S352: Installation of anchor bolt 110 pouring position detection equipment.

[0062] S3521: Install the second detection component 700 onto the radial extension line formed by the anchor rod 110 and the rotating shaft 610; refer to Figure 4 and 6 The second detection component 700 includes a second detection semicircular plate 710, a horizontal moving part 720, a vertical rotating part 730, a horizontal rotating part 740, a connecting rod 750, a counterweight mounting part 760, a connecting T-shaft 770, a connecting bolt 780, and a spring 790. The counterweight mounting part 760 abuts against the leveling layer 500. The fixed end of the horizontal rotating part 740 is mounted on the counterweight mounting part 760. The fixed end of the vertical rotating part 730 is mounted on the free end of the horizontal rotating part 740. The horizontal moving part 720... The fixed end of the 0 is installed on the free end of the vertical rotating part 730. One end of the spring 790 is connected to the fixed end of the horizontal moving part 720, and the other end is connected to the free end of the horizontal moving part 720. One end of the connecting rod 750 is rotatably connected to the free end of the horizontal moving part 720, and the other end is rotatably connected to the connecting T-axis 770. The second detection semicircular plate 710 is installed on the connecting T-axis 770. The connecting bolt 780 passes through the second detection semicircular plate 710 and is threaded to the first detection semicircular plate 620.

[0063] refer to Figure 6The horizontal plane rotating part 740 includes two horizontal mounting plates 741, an indicator T-axis 742 and a fourth pointer 743. The horizontal mounting plates 741 are vertically mounted on the counterweight mounting part 760. The indicator T-axis 742 is rotatably connected to the horizontal mounting plates 741. A fourth scale line 744 is provided on the horizontal mounting plates 741. The fourth pointer 743 is mounted on the indicator T-axis 742.

[0064] refer to Figure 6 The vertical rotating part 730 includes a rotating block 731, a circular shell 733 and a third pointer 734. The circular shell 733 is mounted on the indicator T-axis 742. The rotating block 731 is bearing mounted inside the circular shell 733. A third scale line 732 is provided on the circular shell 733. The third pointer 734 is mounted on the rotating block 731.

[0065] refer to Figure 6 The horizontal moving part 720 includes a sleeve 721, a second pointer 723, and a sleeve slider 724. The sleeve 721 is mounted on the rotating block 731, and the sleeve slider 724 is slidably disposed inside the sleeve 721. One end of the spring 790 is connected to the sleeve 721, and the other end is connected to the sleeve slider 724. A second scale line 722 is provided on the sleeve 721. The second pointer 723 is mounted on the sleeve slider 724, and one end of the connecting rod 750 is rotatably connected to the sleeve slider 724.

[0066] S3522: When the inner circumferential surface of the first detection semicircular plate 620 is completely and tightly fitted with the outer circumference of the anchor rod 110, the connecting bolt 780 is passed through the second detection semicircular plate 710 and threadedly connected to the first detection semicircular plate 620, so that the first detection semicircular plate 620 and the second detection semicircular plate 710 form a detection tube that surrounds the anchor rod 110. At this time, the spring 790 is in its natural state. Record the positions of the second pointer 723, the third scale line 732, and the fourth scale line 744.

[0067] S353: Grouting, using M60 micro-expansion high-strength concrete grout, grouting method is pressure grouting. The material-water-cement ratio shall be implemented according to the mix proportion sheet, and the strength should not be lower than 60 for mortar. The cement grout is injected in one normal pressure injection, and secondary pressure grouting is adopted.

[0068] S354: When pumping mortar, observe whether the positions of the second pointer 723, the third scale line 732 and the fourth scale line 744 change, and determine whether the verticality of the anchor rod 110 has changed.

[0069] When the anchor rod 110 moves along the radial direction (the line connecting the center of the anchor rod 110 and the rotating shaft 610), it drives the first detection semicircular plate 620 and the second detection semicircular plate 710 to move. The second detection semicircular plate 710 drives the connecting T-axis 770 to move. The connecting T-axis 770 drives the connecting rod 750 to move. The connecting rod 750 drives the sleeve slider 724 to move along the sleeve 721. The sleeve slider 724 drives the spring 790 to move. The sleeve slider 724 drives the second pointer 723 to move, thus realizing the detection of the anchor rod 110.

[0070] When the anchor rod 110 swings along the radial direction (the line connecting the center of the anchor rod 110 and the rotating shaft 610), it drives the first detection semicircular plate 620 and the second detection semicircular plate 710 to swing. The second detection semicircular plate 710 drives the connecting T-axis 770 to swing horizontally. The connecting T-axis 770 drives the connecting rod 750 to swing, causing it to tilt. The connecting rod 750 drives the sleeve slider 724 to move along the sleeve 721. The sleeve slider 724 drives the spring 790 to move. The sleeve slider 724 drives the second pointer 723 to move, thus realizing the detection of the anchor rod 110.

[0071] When the anchor bolt 110 moves along the vertical radius, the anchor bolt 110 causes the first detection semicircular plate 620 and the second detection semicircular plate 710 to swing. The second detection semicircular plate 710 causes the connecting T-axis 770 to swing horizontally. The connecting T-axis 770 causes the connecting rod 750 to swing, making it tilt. The connecting rod 750 causes the sleeve slider 724 to move along the sleeve 721. The sleeve slider 724 causes the spring 790 to move. The sleeve slider 724 causes the second pointer 723 to move. The sleeve 721 causes the vertical rotating part 730 to swing. The vertical rotating part 730 causes the indicating T-axis 742 to rotate. The indicating T-axis 742 causes the fourth scale line 743 to move. At this time, the positions of the second pointer 723 and the fourth scale line 743 change.

[0072] When the anchor bolt 110 tilts in other directions, the anchor bolt 110 causes the first detection semicircular plate 620 and the second detection semicircular plate 710 to swing. The second detection semicircular plate 710 causes the connecting T-axis 770 to swing. The connecting T-axis 770 causes the connecting rod 750 to swing. The connecting rod 750 causes the sleeve slider 724 to move along the sleeve 721. The sleeve slider 724 causes the spring 790 to move. The sleeve slider 724 causes the second pointer 723 to move. The sleeve 721 causes the rotating block 731 to swing and rotate inside the circular shell 733. The sleeve 721 causes the rotating block 731 to move the third scale line 732. The rotating block 731 causes the indicating T-axis 742 to rotate. The indicating T-axis 742 causes the fourth scale line 743 to move. At this time, the positions of the second pointer 723, the third scale line 732, and the fourth scale line 743 change.

[0073] The vertical rotating part 730 swings, which drives the indicator T-axis 742 to rotate. The indicator T-axis 742 drives the fourth scale line 743 to move. At this time, the positions of the second pointer 723 and the fourth scale line 743 change.

[0074] This linkage detection mechanism can monitor the relative position changes of the free and fixed ends of each component during construction, especially during the mortar pumping stage, and promptly and accurately determine whether the anchor bolt 110 has changed position in any direction, thus providing a reliable guarantee for construction quality and safety.

[0075] S4: Base ring 200 installation.

[0076] S41: Install the base ring 200 onto the anchor bolt 100.

[0077] refer to Figure 7 The foundation ring 200 includes a foundation bottom ring 210, a plurality of connecting rods 220 and a foundation top ring 230. The foundation bottom ring 210 abuts against the anchor plate of the anchor rod 110. The lower end of the connecting rod 220 is located on the upper side of the foundation bottom ring 210 and the upper end is located on the lower side of the foundation top ring 230. The anchor rod 110 passes through the foundation bottom ring 210 and the foundation top ring 230.

[0078] S42: Use the third detection component 800 to detect whether the base ring 200 is horizontal.

[0079] refer to Figure 8 The third detection component 800 includes a sleeve rod 810 and a detection horizontal rod 820. The sleeve rod 810 is vertically slidably disposed on the detection horizontal rod 820. The sleeve rod 810 is provided with a detection hole 811. The anchor rod 110 is inserted into the detection hole 811. The two ends of the detection horizontal rod 820 are respectively provided with arc grooves 822. The connecting rod 220 is inserted into the arc grooves 822.

[0080] Detection Method 1: Align the detection hole 811 with the anchor rod 110, put the sleeve rod 810 on the anchor rod 110, move the detection horizontal rod 820 to contact the base ring 200, and observe whether the two fit together.

[0081] Test Method 2: The number of connecting rods 220. During the test, two arc-shaped slots 822 can be placed on the connecting rods 220. The sleeve rod 810 can be moved and smoothly fitted onto the anchor rod 110, proving that the anchor rod 110 is perpendicular to the foundation ring 200.

[0082] S5: To facilitate the installation of electrical cables, 10 high-strength PVC pipes with a diameter of 120mm are pre-embedded in the foundation and tied to the connecting rod 220 with steel bars.

[0083] S6: Concrete foundation pouring.

[0084] After the foundation excavation is completed, a foundation inspection should be conducted and a concealed record should be made.

[0085] S61: Clean the foundation pit of loose soil, silt and debris.

[0086] S62: Set up the side formwork for the foundation layer, and draw the baseline on the template to control the pouring thickness.

[0087] S63: When pouring concrete, the foundation ring 200 should be properly installed and fixed, and the following points should be ensured: the planar dimensional error of the foundation ring 200 should be within the allowable range; the corresponding position of the foundation ring 200 should be accurate.

[0088] S7: Fan 300 installation.

[0089] S71: High-strength bolts 400 are installed onto the base ring 200.

[0090] When installing the high-strength bolt 400, the auxiliary component 900 is used for installation.

[0091] refer to Figure 8 The auxiliary component 900 includes two support plates 910 and two movable seats 920. The support plates 910 are mounted on the movable seats 920. The detection horizontal rod 820 has a movable groove 821. The movable seat 920 is slidably disposed in the movable groove 821. The third detection component 800 also includes a locking member 830. The sleeve rod 810 has a fixing hole 812. The locking member 830 is a bolt. The locking member 830 passes through the detection horizontal rod 820 and is threadedly connected to the fixing hole 812.

[0092] Align the detection hole 811 with the anchor rod 110, and fit the sleeve rod 810 onto the anchor rod 110. Move the detection horizontal rod 820, which in turn moves the auxiliary component 900. Lock the detection horizontal rod 820 using the locking member 830. First, install a high-strength bolt 400 on one side of the support plate 910. Move the support plate 910 until it contacts one high-strength bolt 400. Then place another high-strength bolt 400 and move the support plate 910 until it contacts another high-strength bolt 400. In this way, one support plate 910 contacts multiple high-strength bolts 400 simultaneously. This improves the leveling efficiency of multiple high-strength bolts 400 and also ensures the consistency and accuracy of the entire high-strength bolt system in the horizontal direction.

[0093] There are 80 high-strength bolts 400, which are evenly distributed along the circumference together with the anchor rods 110.

[0094] S72: Install the fan bottom ring 310 onto the high-strength bolt 400.

[0095] S73: The truck crane lifts the wind turbine tower 320 to the center of the wind turbine foundation, installs the wind turbine tower 320 onto the wind turbine bottom ring 310, and connects the high-strength bolts 400 with high-strength nuts to complete the installation.

[0096] S8: Install the upper template.

[0097] S81: Before installing the template, use a theodolite to project the center line of the foundation, and mark the outer contour of the foundation according to the center line. Use red paint to make triangular marks for template installation and correction.

[0098] S82: Use a level to transfer the design elevation to the formwork installation position as the basis for formwork installation control.

[0099] S83: Assemble the templates according to the template layout diagram, ensuring staggered joints and accurate assembly dimensions; after installation, use a theodolite or plumb bob for calibration.

[0100] S84: The template uses coated wooden templates, reinforced with square timber backing, and configured with a fixed curved template according to the perimeter of the foundation.

[0101] Before using the formwork, apply release agent evenly, ensuring no areas are missed, and strictly prohibit the release agent from contaminating the reinforcing steel.

[0102] The outer side of the template is reinforced with four 12mm diameter steel wire ropes. The steel wire ropes are made into rope buckles and adjusted and reinforced using a manual fastening device.

[0103] To ensure a smooth concrete surface, the formwork should be evenly coated with formwork oil before use, ensuring no areas are missed. The formwork oil must not contaminate the reinforcing steel.

[0104] S85: The joints of the formwork should be tight, and double-sided tape should be applied to the joints to ensure they are firmly attached and sealed to prevent grout leakage during pouring.

[0105] S86: The formwork shall be supported by a dedicated support system. The formwork and support system shall have sufficient load-bearing capacity, rigidity and stability to reliably withstand the self-weight of the freshly poured concrete, lateral pressure and construction load.

[0106] S9: Concrete pouring for the upper foundation.

[0107] Ready-mixed concrete is used. To prevent cracking, crack-resistant fiber material is added to the concrete, with a fiber breaking strength ≥1150MPa, and the addition amount is 0.7~0.9kg / m³. Ordinary Portland cement is used, with a strength grade not lower than 42.5MPa. A certain amount of fly ash is added to the cement to reduce the amount of cement used and lower the heat of hydration of the concrete.

[0108] S91: Precast cement mortar pads for concrete protective layer.

[0109] S92: When pouring concrete for the wind turbine foundation, the concrete pump truck should distribute the concrete from the center outwards, and keep it basically parallel. The concrete should be poured in layers, and the thickness of each layer should not exceed 300mm. The concrete should be vibrated continuously and compacted without interruption to prevent cold joints from forming.

[0110] S93: Concrete vibration should be performed using a vibrator, and the operation should follow the principle of "quick insertion and slow withdrawal." Quick insertion prevents the surface concrete from being compacted first, causing segregation and separation between it and the underlying concrete; slow withdrawal allows the concrete to promptly fill the voids created when the vibrator is withdrawn. When vibrating the upper layer, the vibrator should be inserted approximately 5cm into the lower layer of concrete, with each vibration point lasting about 20 seconds, until the concrete no longer settles significantly, no air bubbles emerge, and mortar appears on the surface. During vibration, the vibrator must not touch the formwork or reinforcing steel. Incomplete vibration, honeycombing, and surface pitting are strictly prohibited. Ensure the base of the concrete is compacted to prevent root rot.

[0111] S10: Earthwork backfilling.

[0112] After the foundation construction is completed, the backfill soil around the foundation shall be compacted in layers, with each layer being 300mm thick. The compacted soil density shall not be less than 17KN / m³. The backfill material excavated from the wind turbine foundation can be used, but the surface humus soil should be removed. When the backfill material is crushed stone after blasting, the maximum particle size should not exceed 400mm. Care should be taken to protect the foundation, embedded pipes, and cables during backfilling.

[0113] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a rock-anchored fan foundation, characterized in that, include: Excavation of the foundation pit; Leveling layer (500) poured; Anchor bolt assembly (100) installation: Drilling, anchor bolt (110) placement and mortar pumping are performed in sequence; Base ring (200) installation: Install the base ring (200) onto the anchor bolt (100); Concrete foundation pouring; Fan (300) installation: High-strength bolts (400) are installed onto the base ring (200), the fan bottom ring (310) is installed onto the high-strength bolts (400), and the fan tower (320) is installed onto the fan bottom ring (310); Upper template installation; The upper foundation concrete was poured; Earthwork backfilling.

2. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of anchor bolt assemblies (100) is multiple, including the anchor bolt (110), the sleeve (120) and several straighteners (130). The sleeve (120) is sleeved on the outside of the anchor bolt (110), and its upper end is inside the leveling layer (500). The straighteners (130) are arranged on the outer circumference of the anchor bolt (110) and located at the lower part of the sleeve (120).

3. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The straightener (130) includes an outer ring (132), a spring (135), and a contact arc plate (136). The outer ring (132) is rotatably mounted on the anchor rod (110). One end of the spring (135) is connected to the outer ring (132), and the other end is connected to the contact arc plate (136). The contact arc plate (136) is radially slidably mounted on the outer ring (132).

4. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The installation of the anchor bolt assembly (100) also includes the position detection of the anchor bolt (110): A center hole is drilled at the center position of the circular area formed by several anchor rods (110) on the leveling layer (500). The rotating shaft (610) of the first detection component (600) is set inside the central hole; Install the first detection semicircular plate (620) onto the front end of the telescopic arm (630); Swing the telescopic arm (630) to rotate it around the axis of the pivot (610), so that the first detection semicircular plate (620) is on the radius formed by the anchor rod (110) and the pivot (610); Move the free end of the telescopic arm (630) so that the inner circumference of the first detection semicircular plate (620) abuts against the outer circumference of the anchor rod (110), and record the position of the first pointer (631) on the free end of the telescopic arm (630) and the first scale line (632) on the fixed end; All of the anchor bolts (110) are inspected.

5. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The installation of the anchor bolt assembly (100) also includes the detection of the anchor bolt (110) pouring position: The second detection component (700) is installed on the line extending from the anchor rod (110) to the radius of the rotating shaft (610); The second detection component (700) includes a second detection semicircular plate (710), a horizontal moving part (720), a vertical rotating part (730), a horizontal rotating part (740), and a connecting rod (750). The fixed end of the horizontal rotating part (740) abuts against the leveling layer (500). The fixed end of the vertical rotating part (730) is disposed at the free end of the horizontal rotating part (740). The fixed end of the horizontal moving part (720) is disposed at the free end of the vertical rotating part (730). One end of the connecting rod (750) is rotatably disposed at the free end of the horizontal moving part (720), and the other end is rotatably disposed on the second detection semicircular plate (710). When the inner circumferential surface of the first detection semicircular plate (620) is completely and tightly fitted with the outer circumference of the anchor rod (110), it is connected to the second detection semicircular plate (710), and the telescopic rod (630) is removed. During mortar injection, observe whether the moving ends of the horizontal moving part (720), the vertical rotating part (730), and the horizontal rotating part (740) change relative to the fixed end, and determine whether the verticality of the anchor rod (110) changes.

6. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The base ring (200) is inspected using a third detection component (800) during installation; The third detection component (800) includes a sleeve rod (810) and a detection horizontal rod (820). The sleeve rod (810) is vertically slidably disposed on the detection horizontal rod (820). The sleeve rod (810) is provided with a detection hole (811). The anchor rod (110) is inserted into the detection hole (811). During testing, align the testing hole (811) with the anchor rod (110), put the sleeve rod (810) on the anchor rod (110), move the testing horizontal rod (820) to contact the base ring (200), and observe whether the two fit together.

7. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to claim 6, characterized in that: When installing the high-strength bolt (400), an auxiliary component (900) is used for installation. The auxiliary component (900) includes a support plate (910) which is set on the detection horizontal bar (820). The third detection component (800) also includes a locking member (830), and the sleeve (810) is locked on the detection horizontal bar (820) by the locking member (830).

8. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support plate (910) is slidably mounted on the detection horizontal bar (820).

9. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When pouring the upper foundation concrete, crack-resistant fiber material is added to the concrete to prevent cracking. The fiber breaking strength is ≥1150MPa, and the addition amount is 0.7~0.9kg / m³.

10. The construction method for rock anchor fan foundation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When pouring the upper foundation concrete, a vibrator is used to quickly insert and slowly withdraw to tamp the concrete.

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