A funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and salt control system and method for a severe salt stain area

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil ecological restoration, and discloses a funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severe salt stain area, which comprises a vertical shaft body, the vertical shaft body comprises an upper cylinder and a lower cone, the upper cylinder is installed above the lower cone and is in communication with the top of the lower cone, the upper cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder, and the lower cone is a conical body; a blockage prevention and filtration protection assembly is wrapped on the outer side of the lower cone, a plurality of water-permeable salt collection holes are formed in the circumferential side of the lower cone, and the blockage prevention and filtration protection assembly is arranged in correspondence with the water-permeable salt collection holes; a water control valve group is installed in the vertical shaft body, and the water outlet end of the water control valve group is in communication with a drainage system; and a water level monitoring assembly is located in the vertical shaft body. The present application can realize 360-degree omnibearing, deep and shallow layer salt water stratified collection, the salt collection radius is higher than that of a conventional vertical shaft, the desalination efficiency of the salt stain area is obviously improved, and the industry pain point of poor uniformity of global improvement is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of saline-alkali land ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well three-dimensional salt drainage and control system and method for severely saline areas. Background Technology

[0002] Soil salinization in farmland is a significant obstacle to improving the quality of arable land and grain production capacity in my country. Saline-alkali arable land in my country generally exhibits a spatial distribution characteristic of "generally mild salinization with localized severe salt patches." These scattered, point-like and patchy areas of severe salinization are the core bottleneck leading to poor uniformity of land improvement, uneven crop growth, and difficulty in achieving overall treatment goals. Currently, in the field of saline-alkali land improvement engineering, underground pipe drainage and conventional vertical well drainage are the most widely used technical approaches, showing some effectiveness in controlling general mild to moderate salinization. However, targeted treatment of localized severe salt patches still faces multi-dimensional technical shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of precise improvement.

[0003] Conventional underground drainage pipes are horizontal linear salt collection structures, relying on the lateral seepage of soil water by gravity for salt accumulation. This approach is insufficient for the directional drainage of isolated high-salt areas, such as point-like or patchy areas. High concentrations of salt in these areas cannot be quickly discharged, leading to persistent and stubborn salt deposits. Furthermore, a uniform drainage management model across the entire area can easily result in resource misallocation, with excessive drainage in mildly saline areas and insufficient treatment in severely saline areas. This increases engineering and maintenance costs and makes it difficult to ensure the uniformity of overall land improvement. Traditional vertical salt drainage wells often use uniform cylindrical structures, resulting in limited permeability and salt collection coverage, poor vertical salt collection uniformity, and an inability to adapt to the stratified salt accumulation characteristics of the shallow topsoil and mid-layer salt-rich soil. This makes it difficult to achieve 360° omnidirectional radial salt collection, leaving significant salt collection blind spots.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing vertical well permeable holes are mostly arranged in a single layer with a chaotic convergence path of shallow and deep brine, and generally lack long-term anti-clogging protection structures. These permeable holes are easily clogged by fine soil particles and organic impurities, leading to a significant decrease in desalination efficiency after long-term operation and requiring frequent dredging and maintenance. Furthermore, existing desalination systems generally lack precise and controllable storage and drainage mechanisms, relying mostly on gravity flow or centralized pumping, and cannot dynamically adjust the drainage rhythm based on local brine accumulation. Insufficient drainage causes high-concentration brine to diffuse into the surrounding soil, exacerbating salt patch spread; excessive drainage causes soil moisture loss, disrupts the local groundwater balance, and induces deep salts to continuously rise through capillary action, ultimately leading to persistent salt patches and repeated salt accumulation, making it difficult to achieve a long-term and stable salt control effect.

[0005] To address this, a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well three-dimensional salt drainage and control system and method for severely salt-polluted areas are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well three-dimensional salt drainage and control system and method for severely salt-polluted areas, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-laden areas, comprising: The main body of the shaft includes an upper cylinder and a lower cone. The upper cylinder is installed above the lower cone and communicates with the top of the lower cone. The upper cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder and the lower cone is a cone. An anti-clogging filter assembly is provided, which covers the outer side of the lower cone. The lower cone has a plurality of water-permeable and salt-collecting holes on its circumference. The anti-clogging filter assembly is arranged in correspondence with the water-permeable and salt-collecting holes. A water control valve assembly is installed inside the main body of the vertical shaft, and the outlet end of the water control valve assembly is connected to the drainage system. A water level monitoring component is used to monitor the brine accumulation level inside the shaft body, and the water level monitoring component is located inside the shaft body.

[0008] Preferably, the upper cylinder comprises several single-section cylinders spliced ​​together. Each single-section cylinder is made of PVC or HDPE, with a height of 15-25cm, a diameter of 20-40cm, and a wall thickness of 3-5mm.

[0009] Preferably, the cone angle of the lower cone is 30° to 90°, the axial height of the lower cone is 30 to 50 cm, the outer diameter of the bottom cross section of the lower cone is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the single-section cylinder, and the diameter of the top cross section of the lower cone is 20 to 40 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the permeable salt collection holes are provided in three layers, with a spacing of 8 to 12 cm between adjacent layers, and the permeable salt collection holes in adjacent layers are staggered. The number of permeable salt collection holes in each layer is 6 to 10, and the diameter of each permeable salt collection hole is 8 to 12 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the anti-clogging filter assembly includes a geotextile filter cloth that fits against the outer wall of the lower cone, and a detachable stainless steel protective mesh is provided on the outside of the geotextile filter cloth. The geotextile filter cloth has a strength of 250–300 g / m². 2 The geotextile filter cloth has a pore size of 0.075–0.1 mm, and the stainless steel protective mesh has a mesh count of 40–60.

[0012] Preferably, the water control valve assembly includes an electromagnetic control valve, a three-way diverter, and a sealing gasket. The first end of the three-way diverter is connected to the bottom of the lower cone, the second end of the three-way diverter is connected to the auxiliary salt discharge pipe, the third end of the three-way diverter is connected to the drainage system, and the electromagnetic control valve is electrically connected to the water level monitoring component.

[0013] Preferably, the water level monitoring component is an immersion liquid level sensor, and the monitoring accuracy of the immersion liquid level sensor is ±2mm.

[0014] A three-dimensional salt drainage and control method using a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well in severely salt-polluted areas includes the following steps: Step 1: Precise survey and location of salt patches; gridded soil sampling is carried out on the plots to be improved to accurately identify local areas of severe and extremely severe salt patches, mark the range of salt patches, the depth of soil salt enrichment, and the height of groundwater level, and divide the conventional improvement area into key salt patch improvement areas. Step 2: Differentiated pipeline network and shaft layout; a salt control and drainage pipeline network is laid throughout the area, and shaft foundation pits are excavated only in the severely salted areas where the location is determined. The upper cylinder and lower cone of corresponding size are selected according to the parameters of the salt soil layer and assembled into an integrated funnel-shaped shaft body. Step 3: Installation of filter and valve assembly; cover the outer side of the lower cone with geotextile filter cloth and stainless steel protective mesh in sequence, fix the anti-clogging filter assembly, and ensure no exposed water permeable holes; install a controllable water control valve assembly and a three-way diverter at the bottom end of the shaft body, connect the liquid level sensor and complete the circuit debugging. Step 4: Pipeline connection and backfill compaction; Connect the diversion ports of the water control valve group to the drainage system respectively, and backfill the surrounding area of ​​the shaft with graded filter material in layers and compact it to prevent soil collapse and pipeline displacement. Step 5: Automatic and controllable salt drainage and control; After the plot is leached and irrigated, the shallow and middle layers of brine in the salt patch area seep radially into the vertical well through the multi-layer permeable holes on the conical sidewall and accumulate. The water level sensor monitors the water level in real time; when the water level reaches the preset high threshold, the control valve is automatically opened and the drainage system is started to force drainage; when the water level drops back to the low threshold, the valve is automatically closed to retain trace amounts of water to balance soil moisture and prevent deep salt from capillary back up. Step Six: Periodic Maintenance and Improvement; Regularly disassemble the outer stainless steel protective mesh to clean up silt and sand deposits, and adjust the height, density, and water level threshold of the vertical shaft according to the salt spot improvement effect to continuously optimize the local salt discharge and control effect and completely eliminate the recurrence of salt spots.

[0015] Preferably, in step five, the preset high threshold is 15-20cm in the internal height of the shaft body, and the low water level threshold is 5-10cm in the internal height of the shaft body.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention overcomes the limitations of traditional equal-diameter vertical wells, which have limited salt collection range and blind spots. The upper cylinder is adapted to shallow cultivated salt layers, while the lower cone significantly expands the radial salt collection range of the middle salt-rich zone. Combined with multi-layered staggered annular permeable salt collection holes, it can achieve 360° all-round, stratified collection of brine from both shallow and deep layers. The salt collection radius is increased compared to conventional vertical wells, enabling precise targeting and elimination of point-like and patchy heavily salted islands. The desalination efficiency in salt-patch areas is significantly improved, effectively solving the industry pain point of poor uniformity of overall improvement.

[0017] A controllable storage and drainage system linked to water levels is constructed to fundamentally suppress the problem of recurring salt accumulation in salt patches. By real-time monitoring of the brine level within the vertical well using water level monitoring components, the system automatically switches between gravity flow and negative pressure pumping modes, precisely controlling the drainage rhythm according to preset thresholds. This ensures timely discharge of high-concentration brine to prevent salt diffusion while retaining adequate moisture to maintain soil hydration. It precisely regulates local groundwater levels, blocks the capillary upwelling channels of deep salt, and achieves integrated regulation of "salt leaching-salt collection-water control-salt suppression," completely solving the problem of persistent and frequent recurrence of salt patches.

[0018] The upper cylinder adopts a multi-section splicing structure, and its size and specifications can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of salt spots and the depth of salt layers to adapt to the differentiated treatment needs of different types of saline-alkali land. The double-layer anti-clogging filter components effectively intercept fine soil particles and impurities, significantly reducing the risk of clogging of permeable pores and extending the service life of the system. At the same time, this system can be efficiently connected with conventional underground salt drainage networks, adopting a zoned differentiated deployment mode, achieving precise treatment of salt spots without the need for overall area transformation, significantly reducing engineering costs and improvement cycles, and possessing strong engineering promotion and application value. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt discharge and control system of the present invention; Among them, 1. Upper cylinder; 2. Lower cone; 3. Water-permeable salt collection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 This invention provides a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-laden areas, including... The main body of the shaft includes an upper cylinder 1 and a lower cone 2. The upper cylinder 1 is installed above the lower cone 2 and communicates with the top of the lower cone 2. The upper cylinder 1 is a cylindrical cylinder, and the lower cone 2 is a cone. The spacing of the shafts is adjusted according to the salt concentration. The spacing is 5-8m in severely salted areas with a soil salt content of 6-10g / kg, and 3-5m in extremely severely salted areas with a soil salt content >10g / kg. The overall burial depth of the shaft is 60-100cm. The inverted cone-shaped salt collection body corresponds to the salt-rich area in the middle layer of the soil, and the cylindrical upper cylinder 1 penetrates the shallow cultivated salt layer of the soil.

[0024] An anti-clogging filter assembly is provided, which covers the outside of the lower cone 2. The lower cone 2 has a plurality of water-permeable and salt-collecting holes 3 on its periphery. The anti-clogging filter assembly is arranged corresponding to the water-permeable and salt-collecting holes 3. It is used for water permeability and salt collection, and for intercepting silt and preventing clogging. A water control valve assembly is installed inside the main body of the vertical shaft, and the outlet end of the water control valve assembly is connected to the drainage system. A water level monitoring component is used to monitor the brine accumulation level inside the shaft body and to control the start and stop of the controllable water control valve group and the drainage system; the water level monitoring component is located inside the shaft body.

[0025] The funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft is used to collect salt in a 360° radial layer and guide salt vertically in the surrounding heavily saline soil. It works in conjunction with a controllable water control valve group to achieve brine accumulation, quantitative discharge, and negative pressure pumping, thus completing precise salt discharge and control in localized salt patches.

[0026] The upper cylinder 1 adopts a multi-section modular splicing structure, and its size and height can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different shallow salt layer thicknesses; the lower cone 2 utilizes a conical expansion structure to significantly expand the radial salt collection range, covering the salt-rich area in the middle layer of the soil. The sidewall of the cone is equipped with multiple layers of staggered annular permeable holes to achieve stratified salt water collection in both deep and shallow soil layers and 360° omnidirectional radial collection, solving the problem of blind spots in traditional vertical well salt collection.

[0027] The main body of the shaft is equipped with a double-layer anti-clogging filter assembly on the outside. The inner layer is made of fine geotextile filter cloth for fine water filtration and mud prevention, while the outer layer is reinforced with stainless steel mesh. This design replicates the anti-clogging material principle of underground pipes, balancing water permeability and long-term anti-clogging performance. The bottom of the shaft integrates an intelligent and controllable water control valve assembly and a water level monitoring component, which can monitor the amount of brine accumulated in the shaft in real time. Based on preset thresholds, it automatically switches between gravity drainage and negative pressure pumping modes to precisely control the local groundwater level. This ensures that high-concentration brine is discharged in a timely manner while retaining appropriate soil moisture, blocking the capillary upwelling channels of salt and inhibiting salt return from the source.

[0028] In a further optimized design, the upper cylinder 1 comprises several single-section cylinders spliced ​​together. Each single-section cylinder is made of PVC or HDPE, with a height of 15-25cm, a diameter of 20-40cm, and a wall thickness of 3-5mm.

[0029] Furthermore, the upper cylinder 1 is an adjustable structure, which can adjust its diameter according to the size of the salt spot.

[0030] In a further optimized design, the cone angle of the lower cone 2 is 30° to 90°, the axial height of the lower cone 2 is 30 to 50 cm, the outer diameter of the bottom cross section of the lower cone 2 is 2 to 3 times the diameter of a single section of the cylinder, and the diameter of the top cross section of the lower cone 2 is 20 to 40 cm.

[0031] In a further optimized design, the permeable salt collection holes 3 are arranged in three layers, with a spacing of 8 to 12 cm between adjacent layers. The permeable salt collection holes 3 in adjacent layers are staggered, with 6 to 10 permeable salt collection holes 3 in each layer, and the diameter of each permeable salt collection hole 3 is 8 to 12 mm.

[0032] Furthermore, each layer of permeable salt collection holes is arranged in a 360° circumference.

[0033] In a further optimized design, the anti-clogging filter assembly includes a geotextile filter cloth that adheres to the outer wall of the lower cone 2. A stainless steel protective mesh is detachably installed on the outside of the geotextile filter cloth. The geotextile filter cloth has a strength of 250–300 g / m². 2The geotextile filter cloth has a pore size of 0.075–0.1 mm, and the stainless steel protective mesh has a mesh count of 40–60. It is compatible with the material standards for preventing clogging in concealed pipe filtration, intercepting fine soil particles while ensuring rapid saltwater infiltration.

[0034] The scheme is further optimized. The water control valve assembly includes an electromagnetic control valve, a three-way diverter, and a sealing gasket. The first end of the three-way diverter is connected to the bottom of the lower cone 2, the second end of the three-way diverter is connected to the auxiliary salt discharge pipe, and the third end of the three-way diverter is connected to the drainage system. The electromagnetic control valve is electrically connected to the water level monitoring component. The system can automatically switch the pipeline on / off according to a preset water level threshold, achieving gravity drainage into the concealed pipe or negative pressure pumping.

[0035] The scheme is further optimized by using an immersion-type liquid level sensor with a monitoring accuracy of ±2mm. Preset high and low water level thresholds are implemented. A high water level threshold triggers valve opening and initiation of pumping, while a low water level threshold triggers valve closing and pumping cessation. This achieves automatic accumulation and controllable discharge of brine, precisely regulating local groundwater levels and suppressing salt backflow.

[0036] A three-dimensional salt drainage and control method using a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well in severely salt-polluted areas includes the following steps: Step 1: Precise survey and location of salt patches; gridded soil sampling is carried out on the plots to be improved to accurately identify local areas of severe and extremely severe salt patches, mark the range of salt patches, the depth of soil salt enrichment, and the height of groundwater level, and divide the conventional improvement area into key salt patch improvement areas. Step 2: Differentiated pipeline network and shaft layout; a salt control and drainage pipeline network is laid throughout the area, and shaft foundation pits are excavated only in the severely salted areas where the location is determined. Based on the parameters of the salt soil layer, upper cylinder 11 and lower cone 22 of corresponding sizes are selected and assembled into an integrated funnel-shaped shaft body; for areas with severe shallow salt accumulation, the number of cylindrical upper cylinder 1 splicing sections is increased to improve the shallow salt collection range; for areas with medium and deep salt accumulation, a lower cone 2 with a large cone angle is selected to expand the radial salt collection radius and adapt to the salt distribution characteristics of different soil layers.

[0037] Step 3, filter and valve assembly installation; cover the outside of the lower cone 2 with geotextile filter cloth and stainless steel protective mesh in sequence, fix the anti-clogging filter assembly, and ensure no exposed water permeable holes; install a controllable water control valve assembly and a three-way diverter at the bottom end of the shaft body, connect the liquid level sensor and complete the circuit debugging. Step 4: Pipeline connection and backfill compaction; Connect the diversion ports of the water control valve group to the drainage system respectively, and backfill the surrounding area of ​​the shaft with graded filter material in layers and compact it to prevent soil collapse and pipeline displacement. Step 5: Automatic and controllable salt drainage and control; After the plot is leached and irrigated, the shallow and middle layers of brine in the salt patch area seep radially into the vertical well through the multi-layer permeable holes on the conical sidewall and accumulate. The water level sensor monitors the water level in real time; when the water level reaches the preset high threshold, the control valve is automatically opened and the drainage system is started to force drainage; when the water level drops back to the low threshold, the valve is automatically closed to retain trace amounts of water to balance soil moisture and prevent deep salt from capillary back up. Step Six: Periodic Maintenance and Improvement; Regularly disassemble the outer stainless steel protective mesh to clean up silt and sand deposits, and adjust the height, density, and water level threshold of the vertical shaft according to the salt spot improvement effect to continuously optimize the local salt discharge and control effect and completely eliminate the recurrence of salt spots.

[0038] By precisely locating salt spots, adapting and installing modular vertical shafts, deploying filters to prevent clogging, implementing intelligent and controllable storage and drainage systems, and periodically optimizing and maintaining the system, continuous, stable, and efficient desalination improvement is achieved in areas with severe salt spots, completely solving the problem of persistent localized salt spots and repeated salt accumulation.

[0039] Further optimize the plan. In step five, the preset high threshold is 15-20cm inside the shaft body, and the low water level threshold is 5-10cm inside the shaft body.

[0040] Example 1 This embodiment provides a funnel-shaped controllable vertical well three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salted areas. This embodiment is applicable to scattered severely salted areas in coastal saline-alkali land, where the soil salt content is 6-10 g / kg, the shallow layer (0-40 cm) is severely enriched with salt, and there is local water accumulation and salt return phenomenon.

[0041] System deployment parameters: Funnel-shaped controllable vertical shafts are deployed in the salt deposit area. The upper cylindrical body 1 has a single section height of 20cm, a total height of 40cm when spliced ​​with two sections, and a cylinder diameter of 30cm. The lower cone 2 has a cone angle of 65°, an axial height of 40cm, and an upper constriction diameter of 30cm. The conical sidewall has three layers of permeable holes with a layer spacing of 10cm, 8 permeable holes per layer, and a hole diameter of 10mm. The anti-clogging filter assembly uses 250g / m³ water. 2 Geotextile filter cloth with 50-mesh stainless steel mesh; water level preset high threshold 18cm, low threshold 8cm; vertical well spacing 6m.

[0042] Construction and operation methods: Accurately locate the salt patch area, excavate the vertical shaft foundation pit, modularly assemble the upper cylinder 1 and lower cone 2, install a double-layer filter structure and water control valve group, and connect the drainage system and small water pump; after the plot is irrigated and leached, the deep and shallow salt water in the salt patch area flows into the vertical shaft through the conical permeable holes at 360°, and when it accumulates to a certain water level, the valve will automatically open to start the pumping and drainage; when the water level drops to a certain depth, the valve will close to maintain reasonable soil moisture.

[0043] Improvement effect: The desalination rate of the 0-80cm soil layer in the salt spot area reaches more than 88%, the local water accumulation and salt return phenomenon are completely eliminated, and the salt spots are completely eliminated. Compared with the traditional single underground pipe improvement, the local treatment efficiency is improved by 55%, and there is no problem of repeated salt accumulation.

[0044] Example 2 This embodiment provides a funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-affected areas. This embodiment is applicable to inland areas with extremely severe salt-affected areas, where the soil salinity is >10g / kg, the soil layer is dense and compacted, the middle layer has severe salt retention, and the salt patches are concentrated and contiguous.

[0045] System layout parameters: The upper cylindrical body 1 is a three-section spliced ​​structure with a total height of 50cm and a diameter of 35cm; the lower cone 2 has a cone angle of 75° and an axial height of 50cm to expand the radial salt collection range; there are 10 permeable holes per layer with a diameter of 12mm and a layer spacing of 8cm; the vertical shaft is laid out at a spacing of 4m; the high water level threshold is 20cm and the low water level threshold is 10cm to enhance the pumping frequency.

[0046] Operation mode: For compacted soil layers, deep plowing is carried out in advance to loosen the soil. The main body of the vertical shaft collects salt in layers to break the local water-blocking layer. High-concentration salt water is quickly collected. The pumping mechanism is used to drain water at high frequency to quickly dissolve the high-salt water content in the middle layer.

[0047] Improvement effect: The desalination rate in areas with severe salt deposits can reach over 83%, completely solving the problems of deep salt retention and local salt islands, significantly improving soil structure, and quickly meeting the conditions for crop planting.

[0048] Comparative Example Only a concealed salt drainage network was installed, without the installation of funnel-shaped controllable vertical wells. The remaining irrigation and construction conditions were completely consistent with those in Example 1. After the improvement, the soil desalination rate in the salt patch area was only 52%, with severe local salt retention. The salt patches recurred after 1-2 months, and the salt return phenomenon was obvious. The uniformity of the land improvement was poor, and it was impossible to achieve the standard for the entire area.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0050] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A funnel-shaped controllable vertical well three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-polluted areas, characterized in that: include The main body of the shaft includes an upper cylinder (1) and a lower cone (2). The upper cylinder (1) is installed above the lower cone (2) and communicates with the top of the lower cone (2). The upper cylinder (1) is a cylindrical cylinder and the lower cone (2) is a cone. The anti-clogging filter protection component is wrapped around the outside of the lower cone (2). The lower cone (2) has a plurality of water-permeable salt collection holes (3) on its periphery. The anti-clogging filter protection component is arranged corresponding to the water-permeable salt collection holes (3). A water control valve assembly is installed inside the main body of the vertical shaft, and the outlet end of the water control valve assembly is connected to the drainage system. A water level monitoring component is used to monitor the brine accumulation level inside the shaft body, and the water level monitoring component is located inside the shaft body.

2. The funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-polluted areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cylinder (1) includes several single-section cylinders spliced ​​together. The single-section cylinder is a PVC or HDPE cylinder. The height of each single-section cylinder is 15-25cm, the diameter of each single-section cylinder is 20-40cm, and the wall thickness of each single-section cylinder is 3-5mm.

3. The funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-laden areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cone angle of the lower cone (2) is 30° to 90°, the axial height of the lower cone (2) is 30 to 50 cm, the outer diameter of the bottom cross section of the lower cone (2) is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the single-section cylinder, and the diameter of the top cross section of the lower cone (2) is 20 to 40 cm.

4. The funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-polluted areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable salt collection holes (3) are provided in three layers. The distance between two adjacent layers of permeable salt collection holes (3) is 8 to 12 cm. The permeable salt collection holes (3) in two adjacent layers are staggered. The number of permeable salt collection holes (3) in each layer is 6 to 10. The diameter of each permeable salt collection hole (3) is 8 to 12 mm.

5. The funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-polluted areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-clogging filter assembly includes a geotextile filter cloth that is attached to the outer wall of the lower cone (2). A stainless steel protective mesh is detachably installed on the outside of the geotextile filter cloth. The geotextile filter cloth has a strength of 250-300 g / m². 2 The geotextile filter cloth has a pore size of 0.075–0.1 mm, and the stainless steel protective mesh has a mesh count of 40–60.

6. The funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-polluted areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water control valve assembly includes an electromagnetic control valve, a three-way diverter, and a sealing gasket. The first end of the three-way diverter is connected to the bottom of the lower cone (2), the second end of the three-way diverter is connected to the auxiliary salt discharge pipe, the third end of the three-way diverter is connected to the drainage system, and the electromagnetic control valve is electrically connected to the water level monitoring component.

7. The funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft three-dimensional salt drainage and control system for severely salt-polluted areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level monitoring component is an immersion-type liquid level sensor, and the monitoring accuracy of the immersion-type liquid level sensor is ±2mm.

8. A method for three-dimensional salt drainage and control in a funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft in a severely salt-polluted area, based on the three-dimensional salt drainage and control system in a funnel-shaped controllable vertical shaft in a severely salt-polluted area as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps Step 1: Precise survey and location of salt patches; gridded soil sampling is carried out on the plots to be improved to accurately identify local areas of severe and extremely severe salt patches, mark the range of salt patches, the depth of soil salt enrichment, and the height of groundwater level, and divide the conventional improvement area into key salt patch improvement areas. Step 2, Differentiated pipeline network and shaft layout; a salt control and drainage pipeline network is laid throughout the area, and shaft foundation pits are excavated only in the heavily salted areas where the location is determined. The upper cylinder (1) and lower cone (2) of corresponding size are selected according to the parameters of the salt soil layer and assembled into an integrated funnel-shaped shaft body. Step 3, filter and valve assembly installation; cover the outer side of the lower cone (2) with geotextile filter cloth and stainless steel protective mesh in sequence, fix the anti-clogging filter assembly, and ensure no exposed water permeable holes; install a controllable water control valve assembly and a three-way diverter at the bottom end of the vertical shaft, connect the liquid level sensor and complete the circuit debugging; Step 4: Pipeline connection and backfill compaction; Connect the diversion ports of the water control valve group to the drainage system respectively, and backfill the surrounding area of ​​the shaft with graded filter material in layers and compact it to prevent soil collapse and pipeline displacement. Step 5: Automatic and controllable salt drainage and control; After the plot is leached and irrigated, the shallow and middle layers of brine in the salt patch area seep radially into the vertical well through the multi-layer permeable holes on the conical sidewall and accumulate. The water level sensor monitors the water level in real time; when the water level reaches the preset high threshold, the control valve is automatically opened and the drainage system is started to force drainage; when the water level drops back to the low threshold, the valve is automatically closed to retain trace amounts of water to balance soil moisture and prevent deep salt from capillary back up. Step Six: Periodic Maintenance and Improvement; Regularly disassemble the outer stainless steel protective mesh to clean up silt and sand deposits, and adjust the height, density, and water level threshold of the vertical shaft according to the salt spot improvement effect to continuously optimize the local salt discharge and control effect and completely eliminate the recurrence of salt spots.

9. The method for three-dimensional salt drainage and control in funnel-shaped controllable vertical wells in severely salt-polluted areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step five, the preset high threshold is 15-20cm inside the shaft body, and the low water level threshold is 5-10cm inside the shaft body.

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