A bathroom light partition wall root moisture-proof and seepage-proof composite water stop belt integrated construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a composite waterstop integrated construction method for preventing moisture and seepage at the root of a light partition wall in a bathroom, and belongs to the technical field of building decoration waterproof engineering. The method sets a U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop at the bottom of a light steel keel partition wall as a rigid waterproof framework, fills M20 waterproof mortar in the U-shaped groove to form a dense waterproof body, and covers the top of the waterstop and the wall surface with a flexible waterproof coiled material to form a continuous flexible waterproof barrier, so that a double waterproof system of "rigid waterstop + flexible sealing" is formed. The overlapping width of the bottom flange of the U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop and the ground waterproof layer is not less than 100 mm, the height of the two side edges is not less than 200 mm, and the waterstop is fixed to the floor embedded part through expansion bolts, and the bolt spacing is not greater than 400 mm. The application completely blocks the seepage path of ground water along the capillary of the wall body, solves the common quality problems in the traditional coating waterproof method, such as moisture return at the wall root, mildew, and surface peeling, and the overall waterproof service life can reach more than 10 years.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building decoration waterproofing engineering technology, and in particular to a moisture-proof and seepage-proof construction method and supporting structure for the base of lightweight partition walls in damp environments such as bathrooms. Background Technology

[0002] In prefabricated building and hotel mass renovation projects, lightweight steel keel gypsum board systems are widely used for bathroom partition walls. This system has advantages such as light weight, fast construction speed, and high space utilization. However, the waterproofing treatment at the junction of the bottom of the lightweight partition wall and the floor has always been a weak link in project quality control.

[0003] Currently, waterproofing at the base of lightweight partition walls in bathrooms commonly uses a coating method. This involves applying a polyurethane waterproof coating to the floor slab to form a waterproof membrane, with the lightweight steel frame installed directly on top of the coating. This method has the following technical drawbacks: (1) The thickness of the waterproof coating is limited (usually 1.2~1.5mm). When the light steel keel is fixed to the floor slab with self-tapping screws or expansion bolts, the bolts penetrate the waterproof coating to form a through leakage channel, which destroys the continuity of the waterproof layer. (2) There are gaps between the metal components such as keel and bolts and the waterproof coating layer. Water on the ground rises along the gaps and the internal cavity of the keel under capillary action, resulting in long-term dampness at the base of the wall. (3) Gypsum board and finishing materials are hygroscopic. When the base of the wall is damp, it can easily cause problems such as mold growth on the finish, peeling of paint, and deformation of the skirting board, which seriously affect the functionality and aesthetics. (4) Once leakage occurs, the wall decoration needs to be removed for repair, which is costly and causes interference to adjacent areas.

[0004] Water seepage can be blocked by installing a concrete waterstop at the bottom of the partition wall. However, this requires reinforcing bars to be installed on the floor slab and concrete to be poured, which is a complex process with a long construction period and is not suitable for the rapid construction requirements of prefabricated decoration. Using rubber waterstop strips is another option, but rubber strips are prone to aging, have insufficient bonding reliability with the metal frame, and their long-term durability is difficult to guarantee.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a moisture-proof and seepage-proof construction method suitable for lightweight partition walls in prefabricated bathrooms, which can achieve reliable waterproofing while meeting the requirements of rapid construction and standardized operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an integrated construction method for a composite waterstop for moisture and seepage prevention at the base of a lightweight partition wall in a bathroom. Through a triple composite structure of "rigid waterstop skeleton + dense waterproof filler + flexible waterproof sealing layer", a continuous and reliable waterproof barrier is formed, which completely blocks the capillary seepage path of water on the ground along the wall.

[0007] Another objective of this invention is to provide a standardized construction process that allows for the orderly connection between waterproofing and partition wall installation, making it suitable for the efficient construction needs of prefabricated bathrooms and hotel mass renovation projects.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for integrated construction of a composite waterstop for moisture and seepage prevention at the base of a lightweight partition wall in a bathroom includes the following steps: S1: Substrate preparation - Clean the surface of the bathroom floor slab, remove dust, oil and loose materials, repair uneven areas, and ensure that the substrate is flat, firm and free of sand. S2: Marking and positioning – Mark the partition wall axis and the installation edge line of the U-shaped galvanized steel waterstop on the floor slab according to the design drawings; S3: Ground waterproofing layer construction - Apply polyurethane waterproof coating to the cleaned floor slab base to form a ground waterproofing layer, and the waterproofing layer should extend upwards from the wall to a height of not less than 300mm; S4: Prefabricated U-shaped galvanized steel waterstop strip - cut galvanized steel sheet according to the width of the partition wall and bend it into a U-shaped section; S5: Waterstop installation – Hoist the U-shaped galvanized steel waterstop to the installation position, with the bottom flange overlapping the ground waterproofing layer; S6: Bolt fixing - use expansion bolts to connect and fix the waterstop to the floor slab; S7: Waterproof mortar filling - Inject M20 waterproof mortar into the U-shaped groove and compact it with vibration; S8: Maintenance – Wet maintenance for no less than 48 hours; S9: Flexible waterproof membrane installation - Flexible waterproof membrane is installed on the top of the waterstop and the wall to form a continuous flexible waterproof barrier; S10: Light steel keel installation - Install light steel keel partition wall keel on the surface of waterproof membrane.

[0009] The core structure of this invention is a U-shaped galvanized steel sheet waterstop. This waterstop is made of 1.0~1.5mm thick galvanized steel sheet, cold-bent into a U-shape, with a bottom horizontal flange width of 80~120mm and two vertical sides at least 200mm high. The U-shaped groove is filled with M20 waterproof mortar to form a dense, rigid waterproof body, and a flexible waterproof membrane is applied to the top of the waterstop to form a continuous seal. The U-shaped galvanized steel sheet, acting as a rigid framework, not only physically blocks the path of water penetration but also provides a stable mounting base for the light steel keel partition wall.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Multiple waterproof barriers: The rigid U-shaped steel plate blocks the physical channel of capillary rise, the waterproof mortar filler provides a dense waterproof layer, and the flexible roll material achieves continuous sealing at the top, forming a composite waterproof system of "three lines of defense", which significantly improves the reliability of waterproofing. (2) Long waterproof life: Both galvanized steel plate and waterproof mortar are inorganic durable materials with a design service life that is the same as that of the building. Flexible waterproof membrane can be replaced independently, and the overall waterproof life can reach more than 10 years. (3) Standardized construction: Waterstops can be prefabricated in the factory, and only assembly, grouting and roll laying are required on site. 8~10 linear meters can be completed in a single workday, with high efficiency and controllable quality; (4) Wide applicability: It is suitable for various light steel keel partition wall systems (gypsum board, calcium silicate board, cement fiber board, etc.), especially suitable for bulk decoration projects such as hotels, apartments, and hospitals; (5) Easy to maintain: If local leakage occurs, only the corresponding area of ​​the wall needs to be removed for inspection and repair, without the need to demolish the entire wall. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the integrated structure of the composite waterstop of the present invention; Figure 2 The following is a detailed view of the U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop node of the present invention, wherein (a) is an unfolded plan view of the U-shaped waterstop and (b) is a detailed AA cross-sectional view; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the integrated construction process of the composite waterstop of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a comparative diagram of traditional coating waterproofing methods and the method of the present invention, wherein (a) is the traditional coating waterproofing method and (b) is the composite waterstop method of the present invention.

[0012] Explanation of the numbers in the diagram: 1-U-shaped galvanized steel sheet waterstop, 1a-bottom flange, 1b-vertical edge, 1c-flanged edge, 1d-vertical groove, 2-waterproof mortar filler, 3-flexible waterproof membrane layer, 4-expansion bolt fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Example 1

[0014] The waterproofing project for the bathroom partition walls in a hotel project utilized the integrated construction method of the composite waterstop strip of this invention. The bathroom partition walls are a light steel keel double-sided gypsum board system, with a partition wall width of 100mm and a partition wall height of 2.8m.

[0015] The construction steps are as follows: S1: Base treatment - Clean the base of the bathroom floor slab, remove the floating dust with a wire brush, fill and level the pits with 1:2 cement mortar, and grind the protrusions with a grinder. The flatness of the base should be controlled within 3mm / 2m.

[0016] S2: Marking and positioning – Based on the partition wall layout drawing, use ink lines to mark the center line of the partition wall and the outer edge line of the U-shaped waterstop on the floor slab. The width of the waterstop is 20mm larger on each side than the width of the partition wall (i.e., the total width is 140mm).

[0017] S3: Ground waterproofing layer construction – First, apply one coat of JS polymer cement-based waterproof coating (liquid:powder = 10:7), with a coating thickness of approximately 0.8mm. After it is surface dry (approximately 4 hours), apply a second coat, with a total thickness of not less than 1.5mm. The waterproof layer extends upwards 300mm along the wall surface, and the inside corners are rounded with a radius of 50mm.

[0018] S4: Prefabricated U-shaped galvanized steel sheet waterstop – using 1.2mm thick hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (galvanized layer thickness 45μm), cut to design dimensions and then cold-bent using a bending machine. The waterstop cross-sectional dimensions are: bottom flange width 100mm, two side vertical edges height 220mm, total waterstop width 140mm (matching the marked positioning lines). The upper edge of the vertical edges is folded outwards by 10mm to increase edge rigidity. 10mm diameter bolt holes are pre-drilled at 400mm intervals on the bottom flange, with the hole positions no less than 30mm from the flange edge.

[0019] S5: Waterstop in place - Hoist the prefabricated U-shaped waterstop to the installation position, adjust it so that its center line coincides with the axis of the partition wall, lay the bottom flange flat on the ground waterproof layer, and overlap the edge of the flange with the ground waterproof layer by 110mm.

[0020] S6: Bolt Fixing – M8 stainless steel expansion bolts are used for fixing. The bolts are screwed into the floor slab through the pre-drilled holes in the flange, with a drilling depth of 60mm and a hole diameter of 10mm. Each waterstop unit (length determined by the room depth, 3.6m in this example) has 10 fixing points (one at each end, with a 400mm spacing in the middle). The bolt tightening torque is controlled at 15~20N·m to ensure that the waterstop is tightly attached to the ground but does not break the waterproof layer. A galvanized steel washer with a diameter of 35mm and a thickness of 2mm is placed between the bolt head and the waterstop.

[0021] S7: Waterproof Mortar Filling – Inject M20 waterproof mortar into the U-shaped groove, with a mix ratio of 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement: medium sand: waterproofing agent (organosilicon): water = 1:2.5:0.05:0.38 (by weight). Apply in two layers, each approximately 100mm thick, and tamp firmly with a 12mm diameter vibrator to ensure full contact between the mortar and the inner wall of the U-shaped steel plate and the vertical grooves. Fill to the top of the U-shaped groove and smooth the surface with a trowel.

[0022] S8: Curing – After the mortar filling is completed, cover the surface with plastic film and sprinkle water for curing. The curing time is 72 hours (sprinkle water 3-4 times a day during this period to keep the surface moist). Do not step on it during the curing period.

[0023] S9: Flexible Waterproof Membrane Installation – Use 3mm thick SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane. First, apply a primer to the substrate and waterstop surface, and begin installation after the solvent has evaporated (approximately 30 minutes). Start the membrane installation from the top of the ground waterproof layer, covering the top of the U-shaped waterstop and extending to both side walls. The membrane overlap should be 100mm, and the overlap joints should be sealed using a heat-sealing method. Ensure full adhesion between the membrane and the substrate, and use a roller to remove air bubbles.

[0024] S10: Light Steel Keel Installation – After the water storage test is passed, install the light steel keel ground keel and vertical keel on the surface of the roll material according to the design positions. The bottom of the ground keel is embedded inside the U-shaped waterstop (the inner width of the waterstop is approximately 80mm, which can accommodate a 75mm wide ground keel). A 3mm thick neoprene rubber sealing strip is laid at the contact point between the keel and the waterstop. The keel is fixed to the waterstop with self-tapping screws, and the screw penetrations into the roll material are sealed with sealant.

[0025] After the completion of this embodiment, and following six months of continuous observation (including water splashing from normal showering), there were no signs of dampness or mold at the base of the walls, and the finish remained intact. In comparison, guest rooms in the same hotel that underwent traditional waterproofing methods at the same time showed a dampness rate of approximately 12% at the base of the walls, while the guest rooms using this invention had a dampness rate of 0%, demonstrating a significant waterproofing effect. Example 2

[0026] In a bathroom renovation project of a prefabricated residential building, the partition wall adopts a 75 series light steel keel double-sided cement fiberboard system, and the partition wall width is 100mm.

[0027] In this embodiment, the U-shaped galvanized steel waterstop is formed by bending a 1.0mm thick galvanized steel sheet, with a vertical edge height of 200mm and a bottom flange width of 90mm. The waterproof mortar is premixed dry powder waterproof mortar (strength grade M20), mixed with water on-site. The flexible waterproof membrane is a 2mm thick self-adhesive polymer-modified bitumen waterproof membrane, applied without heat fusion. The remaining construction steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0028] In this embodiment, the use of self-adhesive roll material further accelerated the construction speed, allowing for the completion of 10 linear meters of waterstop strip per workday. A 12-month follow-up visit after project completion showed no leakage or dampness at the base of the bathroom walls, indicating excellent waterproofing performance. Comparative Example

[0029] To verify the technical effect of the present invention, a comparative construction method using traditional coating waterproofing was carried out in adjacent bathroom units of the same project: two coats of polyurethane waterproof coating (total thickness of about 1.5mm) were directly applied to the ground, and then the light steel keel was fixed to the ground with anchor bolts, with the keel passing through the waterproof layer.

[0030] Three months after construction was completed, an inspection revealed that in bathrooms constructed using traditional methods, approximately 15% of the wall base areas showed varying degrees of dampness and paint discoloration; six months later, approximately 8% of the plasterboard at the wall base areas showed mold spots and peeling putty. Meanwhile, bathrooms using the method of this invention during the same period showed no quality problems.

[0031] From a comprehensive cost analysis perspective: the traditional method costs approximately 65 yuan per linear meter for materials and labor, with an average service life of 3-5 years; the present invention costs approximately 120 yuan per linear meter for materials and labor, with a service life of over 10 years, and eliminates subsequent maintenance costs. Based on the total life-cycle cost, the unit annual cost of the present invention is only about 55% of the traditional method, demonstrating a significant economic advantage.

[0032] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways, such as adjusting the cross-sectional shape of the waterstop, optimizing the waterproof mortar mix ratio, and replacing waterproof membranes of different materials. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated construction of a composite waterstop for moisture-proofing and seepage prevention at the base of a lightweight partition wall in a bathroom, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Substrate preparation - Clean the surface of the bathroom floor slab, remove dust, oil and loose materials, repair uneven areas, and ensure that the substrate is flat, firm and free of sand. S2: Marking and positioning – Mark the partition wall axis and the installation edge line of the U-shaped galvanized steel waterstop on the floor slab according to the design drawings; S3: Ground waterproofing layer construction - Apply the first coat of polyurethane waterproof coating to the cleaned floor slab base, and apply the second coat after it is surface dry to form a ground waterproofing layer with a thickness of not less than 1.5mm. The waterproofing layer extends up the wall to a height of not less than 300mm. S4: Prefabricated U-shaped galvanized steel sheet waterstop – Cut galvanized steel sheets according to the width of the partition wall, and use cold bending process to bend the steel sheet into a U-shaped section. The height of the two vertical sides of the U-shape is not less than 200mm, the bottom width matches the width of the partition wall, the thickness of the steel sheet is 1.0~1.5mm, and the thickness of the galvanized layer is not less than 40μm. S5: Waterstop in place - Hoist the prefabricated U-shaped galvanized steel waterstop to the installation position with the U-shaped opening facing upwards and the bottom flange flat on the ground waterproof layer. The overlap width between the flange and the ground waterproof layer should not be less than 100mm. S6: Bolt fixing - Use expansion bolts to connect and fix the U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop to the floor slab. The bolt spacing along the length of the waterstop shall not exceed 400mm, and each section of the waterstop shall have no less than 3 fixing points. The bolt holes shall be pre-drilled on the waterstop and treated with rust prevention. S7: Waterproof mortar filling - Inject M20 waterproof mortar into the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop. Add 5% waterproofing agent by weight of cement to the mortar. When injecting, vibrate and compact in layers. The filling height is up to the top of the U-shaped groove. S8: Curing - After the waterproof mortar is filled, wet curing shall be carried out for no less than 48 hours. During the curing period, the mortar surface shall be kept moist. S9: Flexible waterproof membrane installation - Apply flexible waterproof membrane to the top of the waterstop and the walls on both sides. The membrane covers the top of the U-shaped waterstop and overlaps continuously with the ground waterproof layer. The overlap width is not less than 100mm. The membrane is fully bonded to the base layer to remove air bubbles and form a continuous flexible waterproof barrier. S10: Light steel keel installation - Install light steel keel partition wall keel on the surface of waterproof membrane according to the design position. Embed the U-shaped waterstop at the bottom of the keel and fix it. Lay waterproof sealing strip at the contact point between the keel and the waterstop.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom flange width of the U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop mentioned in step S4 is 80~120mm, and the upper edge of both vertical sides is provided with outward folded edges with a width of 8~15mm, which are used to enhance the edge rigidity of the waterstop and prevent the sharp edges from cutting the waterproof layer when the roll material is laid.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing ratio of M20 waterproof mortar in step S7 is: cement: sand: waterproofing agent: water = 1:2.5:0.05:0.35~0.40 (by weight), wherein the cement is 42.5 grade ordinary Portland cement, the sand is medium sand, and the mud content is not more than 3%.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible waterproof membrane mentioned in step S9 is an SBS modified bitumen waterproof membrane or a self-adhesive polymer modified bitumen waterproof membrane. The membrane thickness is not less than 3mm. Before laying, a matching primer is applied to the substrate.

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, a non-woven fabric buffer layer is added between the bottom flange of the U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop and the ground waterproof layer. The width of the buffer layer is not less than the flange width, which is used to absorb minor deformation of the base layer and prevent the flange edge from puncturing the ground waterproof layer.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion bolts mentioned in step S6 are made of stainless steel or hot-dip galvanized carbon steel, with a bolt diameter of not less than M8, and a circular galvanized steel washer with a diameter of not less than 30mm is provided between the bolt head and the waterstop.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water storage test procedure is added between step S9 and step S10: After the flexible waterproof membrane is installed, a 24-hour water storage test is carried out, with a water depth of not less than 20mm. The light steel keel can only be installed after the test shows no leakage.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop is spliced ​​at a 45° angle or connected by factory-prefabricated L-shaped or T-shaped corner components at the corner of the partition wall. The splice seam is fully welded and coated with two coats of anti-rust paint to ensure the continuity and sealing of the waterstop at the corner.

9. A composite waterstop structure for use in the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop (1), with a U-shaped cross section, a horizontal flange (1a) at the bottom, and vertical edges (1b) on both sides, with a height of not less than 200mm; waterproof mortar filler (2), filled in the U-shaped groove, with a strength grade of not less than M20; flexible waterproof membrane layer (3), covering the top of the waterstop and extending to the wall; and expansion bolt fasteners (4), set at a spacing of not more than 400mm along the length of the waterstop.

10. The composite waterstop structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The U-shaped galvanized steel plate waterstop (1) has an outward-facing rolled edge (1c) on the upper edge of the vertical side (1b), and a vertical groove (1d) on the outer side of the vertical side. The groove depth is 2~3mm, which is used to increase the bonding force and mechanical interlocking between the waterproof mortar and the steel plate.

Images