A throttling automatic wellbore adaptive gas-liquid steady flow and high-efficiency separation device

Abstract

This invention relates to a throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device. It consists of a throttling self-controlled flow stabilization structure connected to a gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure at its upper end. The device includes an outer sleeve, a vortex separation chamber, a porous channel, a funnel, and a connecting cylinder. A gas phase channel is located at the upper port of the vortex separation chamber. The porous channel connects the outer sleeve and the connecting cylinder. Two tangential sleeves are coaxially arranged within the vortex separation chamber, with their lower ports simultaneously connected to the porous channel. The upper end of the porous channel is also connected to a gas-liquid separation cone located within the two tangential sleeves. The lower end of the porous channel is connected to the funnel, which passes under the throttling self-controlled flow stabilization structure. The throttling self-controlled flow stabilization structure includes a three-stage throttling mechanism and a porous inlet section. The first-stage throttling mechanism is connected to the porous inlet section. A 16-hole throttling plate is connected to the lower end of a spring three, and an 8-hole throttling plate with a retaining ring is located above the spring three. This invention achieves self-controlled flow stabilization, significantly improving throttling accuracy and anti-fluid fluctuation capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of downhole gas-liquid separation equipment technology for gas production wells, specifically to a throttling self-control type downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device, which is suitable for downhole environments with high pressure, high gas content, and large fluctuations in operating conditions. It can achieve precise throttling and efficient separation of gas and liquid two-phase media and is compatible with various extraction processes such as drainage gas production and same-well injection and production. Background Technology

[0002] During natural gas extraction, especially in the later stages of gas field development, production wells commonly face problems such as declining formation pressure and fluid accumulation due to formation water precipitation. Simultaneously, downhole conditions are often characterized by large pressure fluctuations and unstable gas-liquid ratios. During downhole transport of the gas-liquid mixture, problems such as pipeline erosion, low separation efficiency, and insufficient gas phase recovery can easily occur. These issues not only reduce oil and gas well recovery rates but may also lead to equipment failures due to insufficient throttling control precision, affecting the continuity of production.

[0003] To address the challenge of downhole gas-liquid separation, Chinese invention patent document CN202211460151.6 designed a gas-liquid cyclone separator. This device utilizes a combination of a gas escape pipe and a spiral guide plate to achieve active gas-liquid separation by combining centrifugal and gravity separation principles, improving separation reliability under specific operating conditions. However, this solution lacks a pre-treatment design for precise throttling and fails to address fluctuating gas-liquid media. This results in a sharp decline in separation stability when faced with sudden changes in downhole pressure or significant fluctuations in the gas-liquid ratio. Furthermore, the gas phase is discharged only through a single escape pipe, leading to gas phase retention and insufficient recovery, making it unsuitable for the separation requirements of high-gas-content wells. Chinese invention patent document CN202510266748.4 designed a gas-liquid separator that divides the separation chamber into three independent separation chambers using a partition. An arc-shaped guide box guides the media flow, utilizing multi-stage gravity and inertial separation principles to improve gas-liquid separation efficiency, achieving a certain level of separation reliability under stable operating conditions. However, this scheme does not integrate any throttling control module, and cannot pre-treat fluctuating gas-liquid media. When faced with sudden changes in downhole pressure and large fluctuations in gas-liquid ratio, the separation stability drops sharply. Moreover, it relies on a single path flow and a single exhaust structure, which easily leads to secondary gas-liquid entrainment and gas phase retention, resulting in limited separation purity and recovery efficiency. At the same time, the device has a bulky structure, complex pipelines, occupies a large downhole space, is inconvenient to disassemble and maintain, and has no anti-erosion protection design, making it susceptible to wear from sand-containing media during long-term operation.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing downhole separation devices generally suffer from severe erosion damage and weak resistance to fluctuations in operating conditions. Some devices, designed to improve separation efficiency, have complex structures that occupy a large amount of downhole space, making disassembly and maintenance inconvenient. Furthermore, they lack protective structures against high-pressure liquid phase erosion, resulting in short equipment lifespans. Other devices require external auxiliary equipment to achieve gas-liquid lift or throttling control, increasing production costs and operational complexity, and making them unsuitable for complex downhole environments with high pressure and high gas content.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a downhole gas-liquid separation device that integrates precise throttling and efficient separation functions, has strong resistance to operating condition fluctuations, and has a compact structure, in order to solve the problems of low throttling control accuracy, insufficient gas phase recovery, and severe equipment erosion in existing technologies, and meet the exploitation needs of high-pressure, high-gas-content wells. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device. This throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device is used to solve the problems of low throttling control accuracy, insufficient gas phase recovery, and severe equipment erosion in the prior art.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: This throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid stabilization and high-efficiency separation device consists of a throttling self-controlled stabilization structure connected to a gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure at the upper end. The gas-liquid stabilization and high-efficiency separation device includes an outer sleeve, a swirling separation chamber, a porous channel, a funnel, and a connecting cylinder. A gas phase channel is provided at the upper end of the swirling separation chamber. The porous channel is connected between the outer sleeve and the connecting cylinder. A double tangential sleeve is coaxially arranged inside the swirling separation chamber, and the lower ends of both are connected to the porous channel. The upper end of the porous channel is also connected to a gas-liquid separation cone located inside the double tangential sleeve. The lower end of the porous channel is connected to the funnel, and the funnel passes through the throttling self-controlled stabilization structure. The throttling and flow stabilizing structure includes a three-stage throttling mechanism and a multi-hole inlet section. The first-stage throttling mechanism is connected to the multi-hole inlet section. The first-stage throttling mechanism consists of a sleeve with a connecting ring at the upper end, containing a 16-hole throttling plate, a spring, and an 8-hole throttling plate with a retaining ring. The lower end of the sleeve connects to the multi-hole inlet section, and the lower end of the spring connects to the 16-hole throttling plate. Above the spring is the 8-hole throttling plate with a retaining ring. The 16-hole throttling plate is an integrally formed boss structure with 16 throttling holes. The upper surface of the 16-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring is uniformly arranged in a ring on the end face of the boss. The baffle ring has 8 throttling holes evenly arranged in a ring inside the baffle ring and 8 throttling holes evenly arranged in a ring outside the baffle ring. When the 16-hole throttling plate moves up to the 8-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring, the two have 8 throttling holes that correspond to each other and are connected. The second-stage throttling mechanism includes an 8-hole throttling plate, a second spring, and a 4-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring. The third-stage throttling mechanism includes a 4-hole throttling plate, a first spring, and a 2-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring.

[0008] In the above scheme, the porous channel is a multi-layer cylindrical rotating body, which consists of an inner main body, a middle coarse diameter section, and an external threaded connection section. The inner main body is integrally formed by an upper column and a lower cavity. The upper column has a gas overflow guide groove at its center. The gas overflow guide groove is a stepped groove with a reduced diameter. Liquid phase outlet channels are evenly distributed around the gas overflow guide groove. The upper end of each liquid phase outlet channel communicates with the inner cavity of the double tangential sleeve, and the lower end of each liquid phase outlet channel communicates with the lower cavity. The middle coarse diameter section has vertically evenly distributed liquid inlets and radially evenly distributed transverse porous channels. Each transverse porous channel communicates with the gas overflow guide groove, which communicates with the gas overflow guide channel of the gas-liquid separation cone. The lower end of each liquid inlet communicates with the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder, and the upper end of each liquid inlet communicates with the annular channel formed by the vortex separation chamber and the double tangential sleeve.

[0009] In the above scheme, the lower end of the spring is clamped between the upper surface of the 16-hole throttling plate and the preset groove on the inner wall of the sleeve. The inner wall of the lower end of the sleeve has an integrally formed annular baffle. The 16-hole throttling plate is placed horizontally on the annular baffle of the sleeve. When the 16-hole throttling plate moves up to the 8-hole throttling plate with the baffle ring, the 8 throttling holes of the 16-hole throttling plate correspond one-to-one with the 8 throttling holes on the outer ring of the 8-hole throttling plate with the baffle ring.

[0010] The gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure in the above scheme also includes an upper oil pipe coupling, an upper sleeve end cap, and an upper end cap. The threaded structure at the lower end of the upper sleeve end cap is connected to the outer sleeve, and the lower end of the upper oil pipe coupling is threaded to the upper end of the upper sleeve end cap. The upper end cap is threaded to the cyclone separation chamber, and the upper end of the cyclone separation chamber is threaded to the upper end of the double tangential sleeve. Both ends of the external threaded connection part of the multi-hole channel are provided with threaded structures. The upper end of the external threaded connection part is threaded to the outer sleeve, and the lower end of the external threaded connection part is threaded to the connecting cylinder. The gas overflow guide channel of the multi-hole channel is connected to the gas-liquid separation cone through its upper thread, and the lower cavity of the multi-hole channel is threaded to the funnel.

[0011] In the above scheme, the gas phase channel of the cyclone separation chamber is a through-type upward overflow channel. The gas phase channel is connected to the center hole of the upper sleeve end cap. The gas phase channel, the gas downward overflow guide channel of the gas-liquid separation cone, and the transverse porous channel work together to form a double overflow path of "upward overflow + downward overflow". After the gas phase downward overflow flows downward through the gas downward overflow guide channel of the gas-liquid separation cone, it turns upward through the transverse porous channel. After being blocked by the outer sleeve, the downward overflow gas phase and the upward overflow gas phase converge and are discharged. The double tangential sleeve has double tangential inlets, which are two symmetrically distributed tangential openings used to enhance the intensity of the cyclone field.

[0012] In the above scheme, the liquid phase outlet channel and the transverse porous channel adopt a dual anti-mixing design; in terms of height, the transverse porous channel is located at 1 / 2 the height of the upper end face of the porous channel, and the liquid inlet is located at 1 / 3 the height of the upper end face; in terms of circumference, the liquid phase outlet channel and the liquid inlet are distributed in parallel inside and outside, and their axes are completely misaligned with the transverse porous channel, so they do not interfere with each other.

[0013] In the above scheme, the outer circumferential surface of the 2-hole throttling plate is provided with an external thread structure, which is screwed and fixed with the internal thread of the upper end of the sleeve one; the lower end of the sleeve is sealed and connected to the external thread of the upper end of the sleeve two through the external thread; the inner end of the upper end of the sleeve two is fixedly connected to the 4-hole throttling plate with retaining ring through the internal thread; the 4-hole throttling plate is horizontally placed above the 4-hole throttling plate with retaining ring, and the retaining ring of the 4-hole throttling plate with retaining ring achieves axial support and radial limitation; the 2-hole throttling plate, the 4-hole throttling plate, and the 8-hole throttling plate are all integrally formed with a boss structure, and all throttling holes are opened on the end face of the boss; the spring one is snapped between the upper end face of the 4-hole throttling plate and the preset groove on the inner wall of the sleeve one; the four throttling holes on the outer edge of the 8-hole throttling plate are precisely matched with the four throttling holes outside the retaining ring of the 4-hole throttling plate with retaining ring.

[0014] In the above scheme, the lower end of sleeve two is fixedly connected to the connecting ring by threads. The lower end of the connecting ring adopts a double thread design, with the inner thread of the connecting ring connecting to the 8-hole throttle plate with retaining ring, and the outer thread of the connecting ring connecting to the upper end of sleeve three. The 8-hole throttle plate is horizontally placed above the 8-hole throttle plate with retaining ring, and is supported and limited by the retaining ring of the 8-hole throttle plate with retaining ring. Spring two is clamped between the upper surface of the 8-hole throttle plate and the preset groove on the inner wall of sleeve two. The two throttle holes on the outer edge of the 4-hole throttle plate are precisely matched with the two throttle holes on the outer edge of the 2-hole throttle plate.

[0015] In the above scheme, the elastic coefficients of spring three, spring two and spring one increase sequentially, which are 5-8N / mm, 6-9N / mm and 7-10N / mm respectively, to adapt to the pressure threshold requirements under different flow conditions and realize the step-by-step triggering and resetting of the throttle plate.

[0016] In the above scheme, the throttling and self-controlling flow stabilization structure is adapted to full-flow and extremely low-pressure operating conditions. When the pressure of the gas-oil-water mixture is extremely low, the pressure is insufficient to overcome the preload of spring three. The 16-hole throttling plate remains separated from the boss of the 8-hole throttling plate with baffle ring. The mixture flows through all 16 holes of the 16-hole throttling plate at full flow. The 8-hole and 4-hole throttling plates do not operate, maintaining the 16-hole flow state, which is suitable for the medium transportation requirements of extremely low-pressure operating conditions. When the flow rate is ≤50m³ / d, the 8-hole flow state is maintained, and the medium pressure after throttling is stable at 0.3-0.5MPa. When the flow rate is 50-150m³ / d, the 4-hole flow is used, and the medium flow velocity is stable at 1.2-1.5m / s. When the flow rate is >150m³ / d, the 2-hole flow is used, and the medium flow velocity is stable with small pressure fluctuations. Beneficial effects

[0017] 1. The multi-stage adaptive flow stabilization structure (i.e., throttling self-control flow stabilization structure) in this invention addresses complex working conditions such as sudden changes in downhole pressure and frequent fluctuations in the gas-liquid ratio. It innovatively designs a three-stage progressive throttling self-control flow stabilization form (16→8→4→2), achieving precise adaptive control through the coordinated operation of "spring-throttling plate-limiting plate with retaining ring". Each throttling plate is integrally formed with a perforated boss, the end face of which is polished. Combined with an integrally formed retaining ring structure (the inner diameter is 0.1-0.3mm smaller than the corresponding throttling plate's outer diameter), it ensures the sealing of the orifice pairing and the stability of radial limiting. The elastic coefficients of spring one, spring two, and spring three increase sequentially, automatically driving the throttling plate to move according to changes in the mixed liquid pressure and flow rate, dynamically adjusting the number of flow holes, stabilizing the medium pressure and flow rate from the source, and solving the pain points of existing technologies such as fixed throttling orifice positions, low control accuracy, and weak anti-fluid fluctuation capability. More importantly, this throttling structure can achieve dynamic adaptive response across the entire flow range: when the pressure of the gas-oil-water mixture is extremely low, all 16 orifices flow through at full capacity; under low flow conditions, 8 orifices maintain flow to prevent insufficient separation due to excessively slow medium velocity; under medium flow conditions, it switches to 4-orifice throttling to balance flow velocity and erosion risk; under high flow conditions, it triggers full-stroke throttling of 2 orifices to control the flow velocity within a safe range. Compared to the limitations of existing fixed throttling structures that can only adapt to a single flow range, this device covers a flow range from ≤50m³ / d to >150m³ / d, with pressure fluctuations controlled within a stable range, significantly improving throttling accuracy and resistance to fluctuations.

[0018] 2. To achieve efficient gas-liquid separation and full gas phase recovery, this invention innovatively develops a synergistic structure of "dual tangential swirl + dual overflow diversion". Two tangential inlets are symmetrically distributed in the dual tangential sleeves, forming a strong swirling flow field and enhancing gas-liquid centrifugal stratification. The porous channel adopts a dual anti-mixing design of "high stratification + circumferential misalignment". The transverse porous channel is located in the upper middle part of the side wall, and the liquid phase outlet channel runs from the upper end of the porous channel through the lower part of the side wall. The two are circumferentially misaligned, completely eliminating gas-liquid mixing. Combined with the transverse porous channel, a dual overflow path of "upper overflow + lower overflow" is formed, allowing the gas phase to complete secondary separation and collection through the top channel of the swirl separation chamber and the side channel of the porous channel, and then converge and discharge, avoiding gas phase retention.

[0019] 3. This invention provides a downhole operation process that integrates flow stabilization and separation under high gas content conditions, achieving deep synergy between throttling and separation, and constructing a complete process of "step-by-step flow stabilization pretreatment - strong swirling separation - dual-path diversion discharge". The gas-containing oil-water mixture enters the multi-stage flow stabilization structure uniformly through a porous inlet section, completing precise throttling of 16→8→4→2, stabilizing the medium pressure and flow velocity. Subsequently, it enters the novel gas-liquid separation equipment through the inlet, achieving efficient gas-liquid stratification under the action of a dual tangential swirling flow field. The gas phase converges and is discharged through dual overflow paths, while the liquid phase flows down the cavity wall and is directionally discharged through the liquid phase outlet channel and funnel. This process does not require external lifting, control, or other auxiliary equipment, and achieves integrated downhole operation through modular assembly. It is suitable for complex scenarios with high pressure, high gas content, and large fluctuations in operating conditions, while simplifying operation procedures and reducing maintenance costs. It solves the problems of existing technologies that require step-by-step operation, have narrow adaptability, and high operational complexity. Furthermore, the hierarchical triggering logic of the throttling structure is reasonably designed, with the spring elastic coefficient increasing in the order of "first level < second level < third level". This ensures that the throttling plate is triggered step by step as the flow rate increases, avoiding blockage. When the flow rate decreases, the spring force pushes the throttling plate to reset, realizing bidirectional adaptive adjustment of the flow rate, extending the downhole operating life, and further enhancing the practicality and reliability of the device.

[0020] 4. This invention, with its multi-stage stabilizing and adaptive structure, novel gas-liquid separation equipment, and integrated downhole operation process, can achieve precise stabilization and efficient separation of gas-liquid two-phase media in downhole environments characterized by high pressure, high gas content, and large fluctuations in operating conditions. The multi-stage stabilizing structure stabilizes the medium state from the source, the novel gas-liquid separation equipment enhances the separation effect and equipment reliability, and the integrated process enables collaborative operation. These three elements complement each other, solving the pain points of existing technologies such as low throttling control accuracy, insufficient gas phase recovery, weak resistance to fluctuations, and severe erosion damage. It also significantly improves oil and gas well recovery rates, reduces operating and maintenance costs, and is adaptable to various extraction processes such as drainage gas production and intra-well injection and production, providing a reliable technical solution for efficient gas field extraction in the mid-to-late stages.

[0021] 5. This invention is a downhole device that integrates precise throttling and efficient separation functions. Through the coordinated design of throttling and separation, it achieves precise flow restriction of the gas-liquid mixed medium 16→8→4→2 in stages. Combined with the upper and lower double overflow swirl separation structure, it improves the gas-liquid separation efficiency and gas phase recovery rate, reduces equipment erosion damage, extends downhole operating life, and is compatible with various mining processes.

[0022] 6. This invention integrates three-level adaptive throttling and dual overflow separation functions. First, it stabilizes the medium pressure and flow rate through stepwise precise throttling of 16→8→4→2. Then, it achieves full discharge of gas phase by forming a dual overflow path of "upper overflow + lower overflow" through a transverse multi-hole channel. It has stronger resistance to operating condition fluctuations, significantly improved gas phase recovery rate, and has a compact structure, modular assembly, and convenient operation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the present invention includes (a) an overall appearance view of the present invention and (b) an axial sectional view of the present invention. Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the entire invention; Figure 3 The diagram shows a porous channel, where (a) is an external view of the porous channel; (b) is a top sectional view of the porous channel; (c) is a left sectional view of the porous channel; and (d) is a cross-sectional view of the porous channel. Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the throttling self-control flow stabilization system, where (a) is the external view of the throttling self-control flow stabilization structure; and (b) is the planar sectional view of the throttling self-control flow stabilization structure. Figure 5 A three-dimensional sectional view of a three-stage throttling mechanism with self-control and flow stabilization; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the primary throttling mechanism. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the secondary throttling mechanism in operation. Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the three-stage throttling mechanism.

[0024] In the diagram: 101 - Upper oil pipe coupling; 102 - Upper sleeve end cap; 103 - Outer sleeve; 104 - Upper end cap; 105 - Cyclone separation chamber; 1051 - Gas phase channel; 106 - Double tangential sleeve; 1061 - Double tangential inlet; 107 - Gas-liquid separation cone; 108 - Porous channel; 1081 - Lateral porous channel; 1082 - Liquid inlet; 1083 - Liquid phase outlet channel; 1084 - Gas overflow guide channel; 109 - Funnel; 110 - Connecting cylinder; 201 - Limited 2-hole throttling plate; 2011 - Limited 2-hole throttling plate slot; 2012 - Second throttling orifice one; 202 - Sleeve one; 203 - Spring one; 204 - Limited 4-hole throttling plate; 2041 - Limited 4-hole throttling plate slot; 2042 - First throttling orifice one; 205 - With retaining ring. Limited to 4-hole throttle plate, 2051-Second retaining ring, 2052-Slot for limited to 4-hole throttle plate with retaining ring, 2053-Second throttle hole, 206-Sleeve, 207-Spring, 208-Limited to 8-hole throttle plate, 2081-Boss, 2082-Slot for limited to 8-hole throttle plate, 2083-First throttle hole, 209-Connecting ring, 210-Limited to 8-hole throttle plate with retaining ring. 2101-Retaining ring three, 2102-Slot with retaining ring limiting 8-hole throttle plate, 2103-First throttle hole three, 211-Sleeve three, 212-Spring three, 213-16-hole throttle plate, 2131-Boss three, 2132-16-hole throttle plate slot, 2133-Second throttle hole three, 214-Multi-hole inlet section, 2141-Inlet hole, 215-Lower oil pipe coupling. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figures 1-8 This self-controlled throttling downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device consists of a throttling self-controlled flow stabilization structure connected to a gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure. The throttling self-controlled flow stabilization structure uses spring compression to achieve precise matching of the orifices of adjacent throttling plates, completing a step-by-step precise flow restriction of 16→8→4→2. The gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure uses a double tangential sleeve to form a strong swirling flow field. Under the action of centrifugal force, gas and liquid achieve efficient centrifugal stratification: the gas phase gathers towards the center to form a gas core, and forms a "upward overflow + downward overflow" double overflow path along the gas core. A part of the gas phase is discharged upward to complete the first-stage separation, achieving upward overflow, while the other part of the gas phase overflows downward and, with the help of the transverse porous channel of the multi-hole channel, turns upward to converge with the upward overflow gas phase, achieving second-stage separation and capture. The liquid phase is thrown to the side wall of the chamber and flows out directionally through the bottom porous channel. This solves the problems of low throttling control accuracy, insufficient gas phase recovery, and weak resistance to operating condition fluctuations in existing downhole separation devices, and completes the gas-liquid efficient separation work in high-pressure, high-gas-content wells. This invention can achieve precise flow restriction and efficient separation of gas and liquid phases in complex working conditions with large downhole pressure fluctuations and high gas-liquid ratios. It can also reduce equipment erosion damage and extend downhole operating life through the synergistic design of throttling and separation. It is compatible with various production processes such as drainage gas production and same-well injection and production, thereby improving the recovery rate of oil and gas wells.

[0026] The gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure includes an upper oil pipe coupling 101, an upper sleeve end cap 102, an outer sleeve 103, an upper end cap 104, a cyclone separation chamber 105, a double tangential sleeve 106, a gas-liquid separation cone 107, a porous channel 108, a funnel 109, and a connecting cylinder 110. The cyclone separation chamber 105 is provided with a gas phase channel 1051, the double tangential sleeve 106 is provided with a double tangential inlet 1061, the porous channel 108 is provided with a transverse porous channel 1081, a liquid phase outlet channel 1083, a liquid inlet 1082, and a gas overflow guide groove 1084, and the gas-liquid separation cone 107 adopts a hollow structure.

[0027] The lower end of the upper oil pipe coupling 101 is connected to the upper end of the upper sleeve end cap 102 by a threaded seal; the lower end of the upper sleeve end cap 102 is connected to the outer sleeve 103 by a threaded structure; the upper end cap 104 is connected to the cyclone separation chamber 105 by a thread; the upper end of the inside of the cyclone separation chamber 105 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the double tangential sleeve 106 by a threaded structure; the upper end of the outside of the porous channel 108 is connected to the outer sleeve 103 by a thread, and the lower end is connected to the connecting cylinder 110 by a thread; the upper end of the inside of the porous channel 108 is connected to the gas-liquid separation cone 107 by a thread, and the lower end is connected to the funnel 109 by a thread.

[0028] The gas phase channel 1051 is an overflow channel opened at the top, serving as the main overflow path for the gas phase; the dual tangential inlets 1061 are symmetrically distributed tangential openings, which can enhance the intensity of the swirling flow field to improve separation efficiency.

[0029] There are 6-8 transverse porous channels 1081, which are evenly distributed on the sidewall of porous channels 108 to ensure stable gas phase overflow on the side and avoid gas phase stagnation.

[0030] The liquid phase outlet channel 1083 and the transverse porous channel 1081 adopt a dual design of high layering and circumferential staggering to achieve perfect staggering and mutual non-interference, eliminate cross-flow of gas and liquid phases, and improve separation purity.

[0031] After connection, during operation, the gas-oil-water mixture, pre-treated by throttling, enters through inlet 1082 and flows through the annular channel formed by the cyclone separator 105 and the double tangential sleeve 106. It then enters the cyclone separator 105 tangentially through the symmetrically arranged double tangential inlets 1061 on the double tangential sleeve 106, forming a strong swirling flow field. Under centrifugal force, the gas and liquid achieve efficient centrifugal stratification: the gas phase gathers towards the center to form a gas nucleus, and along the gas nucleus, an "upward overflow + downward overflow" occurs. The system features a dual overflow path. One portion of the gas phase flows upward through the through-type gas phase channel 1051 at the top of the cyclone separation chamber 105, completing the first-stage separation and discharge to achieve upward overflow. The other portion of the gas phase flows downward through the hollow channel of the gas-liquid separation cone 107 and enters the porous channel 108. It is then guided upward by the circumferentially evenly distributed transverse porous channels at the bottom center of the porous channel 108. After being blocked by the outer sleeve 103, it converges with the upward overflowing gas phase, achieving secondary separation and collection. The liquid phase is thrown to the side wall of the double tangential sleeve 106, settles down along the wall surface, enters the funnel 109 through the liquid phase outlet channel 1083, and is guided and discharged directionally by the funnel 109, completing the efficient gas-liquid separation process.

[0032] The throttling and self-regulating flow stabilizing structure includes a multi-hole inlet section, multi-stage multi-hole throttling plates, springs, and a connecting outer cylinder. The multi-stage multi-hole throttling plates, springs, and connecting outer cylinder constitute the throttling mechanism. The connecting outer cylinder is composed of sleeve 1 (202), sleeve 2 (206), connecting ring (209), and sleeve 3 (211). Specifically, the throttling and self-regulating flow stabilizing structure includes a 2-hole throttling plate 201, sleeve 1 (202), spring 1 (203), a 4-hole throttling plate 204, a 4-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring 205, sleeve 2 (206), spring 2 (207), an 8-hole throttling plate 208, connecting ring 209, an 8-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring 210, sleeve 3 (211), spring 3 (212), a 16-hole throttling plate 213, and a multi-hole inlet section 214; the 2-hole throttling plate... The orifice throttling plate 201, the 4-hole throttling plate 204, the 8-hole throttling plate 208, and the 16-hole throttling plate 213 are all integrally formed with a boss structure. The throttling holes are all opened on the end face of the boss. The inner walls of sleeve 1 202, sleeve 206, and sleeve 3 211 form grooves with the 4-hole throttling plate 204, the 8-hole throttling plate 208, the 16-hole throttling plate 213, and the boss. The multi-hole inlet section 214 is provided with an inlet hole 2141.

[0033] The outer circumferential surface of the two-hole throttle plate 201 is provided with an external thread structure, which is screwed and fixed to the internal thread at the upper end of the sleeve 1 202; the lower end of the sleeve 1 202 is sealed and connected to the external thread at the upper end of the sleeve 2 206 through the external thread; the inner end of the upper end of the sleeve 2 206 is fixedly connected to the four-hole throttle plate 205 with a retaining ring through the internal thread; the four-hole throttle plate 204 is horizontally placed above the four-hole throttle plate 205 with a retaining ring, and the spring 1 203 is clamped between the upper end face of the four-hole throttle plate 204 and the groove on the inner wall of the sleeve 1 202.

[0034] The lower end of sleeve 206 is fixedly connected to connecting ring 209 by threads; the lower end of connecting ring 209 adopts a double thread design, with the inner thread connected to the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with retaining ring, and the outer thread connected to the upper end of sleeve 3 211; the 8-hole throttling plate 208 is horizontally placed above the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with retaining ring, and spring 207 is clamped between the upper end face of the 8-hole throttling plate 208 and the groove on the inner wall of sleeve 206.

[0035] A ring-shaped baffle is integrally formed on the inner side of the lower end of sleeve 3 211. A 16-hole throttling plate 213 is horizontally placed on this baffle. Spring 3 212 is snapped between the upper end face of the 16-hole throttling plate 213 and the groove on the inner wall of sleeve 3 211. The outer side of the lower end of sleeve 3 211 is sealed to the multi-hole inlet section 214 by threads. The lower end of the multi-hole inlet section 214 is threaded to the lower oil pipe coupling 215. First-stage throttling mechanism: The 16-hole throttling plate 213 is fitted and assembled with an 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring. The holes of the 16-hole plate are staggered and correspond. The 8 outer ring throttling holes of the 8-hole throttling plate overlap and connect, while the remaining 8 holes are blocked and flow is limited. Second-stage throttling mechanism: The 8-hole throttling plate is fitted and matched with a 4-hole throttling plate with a retaining ring. It is only aligned and connected with the 4 outer ring holes of the 4-hole throttling plate. The medium is depressurized through the 4 throttling holes. The third-stage throttling mechanism consists of a 4-hole throttling plate and a 2-hole throttling plate fitted together, with only the outer two holes connected for flow. The entire system achieves multi-stage, graded, and stable pressure reduction and throttling of the medium through a progressively decreasing flow rate via three stages of holes.

[0036] After connection, during operation, the downhole gas-oil-water mixture enters the first-stage throttling zone through the inlet hole 2141 of the porous inlet section 214. The water pressure impact pushes the 16-hole throttling plate 213 upward and compresses the spring 212 until its boss is tightly fitted with the boss of the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring, and the hole positions are matched. The number of flow holes is reduced from 16 holes to 8 holes, completing the first-stage throttling. As the mixture continues to be injected and accumulates, the pressure pushes the 8-hole throttling plate 208 to compress the spring 212. 07, so that its boss is precisely matched with the hole of the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with baffle ring, reducing the number of flow holes to 4, realizing the second stage of throttling; the mixture continues to accumulate, and the pressure pushes the 4-hole throttling plate 204 to compress the spring 203, so that its boss is precisely matched with the hole of the 2-hole throttling plate 201, and the number of flow holes is finally reduced to 2, completing the three-stage precise throttling; the throttled mixture enters the liquid inlet 1082 of the gas-liquid separation structure to participate in the subsequent cyclone separation work.

[0037] All boss end faces are polished. The retaining rings of the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with retaining ring and the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with retaining ring are integrally formed structures. The inner diameter of the retaining ring is matched with the outer diameter of the corresponding upper throttling plate to ensure the hole matching accuracy and radial limiting stability. The elastic coefficients of spring 1 (203), spring 2 (207), and spring 3 (212) increase sequentially, ranging from 5 to 10 N / mm, to adapt to the throttling pressure requirements at each level and achieve smooth adaptive control of the throttling process.

[0038] The present invention is described in more detail below: The throttling and self-regulating current stabilization module is divided into a first-level throttling module, a second-level throttling module, and a third-level throttling module according to its function. The specific components involved in the function of each level of the throttling module and the connection relationships between the components are as follows: The first-stage throttling module, i.e., the first-stage throttling mechanism (16 holes → 8 holes), includes a sleeve 211, a 16-hole throttling plate 213, a spring 212, an 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring, a connecting ring 209, a multi-hole inlet section 214, and a lower oil pipe coupling 215. The 16-hole throttling plate 213 is horizontally placed on an integrally formed annular baffle on the inner side of the lower end of the sleeve 211, which provides stable axial support for the 16-hole throttling plate 213. The spring 212 is engaged between the upper end face of the 16-hole throttling plate 213 and a pre-set groove on the inner wall of the sleeve 211, initially in a pre-compressed state, providing a continuous downward elastic force to the 16-hole throttling plate 213. The sleeve 211... The lower outer side is connected to the multi-hole inlet section 214 by threads for sealing. The threaded engagement surface is coated with thread sealant to enhance the sealing performance under high pressure conditions. The lower end of the multi-hole inlet section 214 is threaded to the tubing coupling 215 to achieve the connection between the first-stage throttling module and the downhole tubing string. The 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring is fixed to the inner side of the lower end of the connecting ring 209 by threads. The outer side of the lower end of the connecting ring 209 is connected to the upper end of the sleeve 211 by threads to form the top limiting structure of the first-stage throttling module. Among them, the multi-hole inlet section 214 is provided with 8-12 evenly distributed inlet holes 2141. The 16-hole throttling plate 213 and the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring are both integrally formed with perforated bosses. The end face of the bosses is polished to ensure the sealing performance when the holes are matched. The elastic coefficient of the spring 212 is 5-8 N / mm to adapt to the pressure requirements of the first-stage throttling.

[0039] The second-stage throttling module, i.e., the second-stage throttling mechanism (8 holes → 4 holes), includes a sleeve 206, an 8-hole throttling plate 208, a spring 207, and a 4-hole throttling plate 205 with a retaining ring. The 8-hole throttling plate 208 is horizontally positioned above the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring, and is radially limited by the integrally formed retaining ring of the 8-hole throttling plate 210 to prevent circumferential rotation of the throttling plate. The spring 207 is fitted between the upper end face of the 8-hole throttling plate 208 and the groove on the inner wall of the sleeve 206. The upper end of the sleeve 206 is sealed to the lower end of the sleeve 202 through external threads, forming a closed cavity of the second-stage throttling unit. The 4-hole throttling plate 205 with a retaining ring is fixed to the upper end of the sleeve 206 through threads, serving as the top limiting structure of the second-stage throttling module. Among them, the 8-hole throttling plate 208 and the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with retaining ring are both integrally formed with perforated bosses. The end face of the bosses is polished. The elastic coefficient of spring 207 is 6-9 N / mm (greater than spring 3 212), which is suitable for the pressure requirements of the second stage of throttling.

[0040] The third-stage throttling module, i.e. the first-stage throttling mechanism (4 holes → 2 holes), includes a sleeve 202, a 4-hole throttling plate 204, a spring 203, and a 2-hole throttling plate 201. The 4-hole throttling plate 204 is horizontally positioned above the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with a retaining ring, and is axially supported by the retaining ring 2051 of the 4-hole throttling plate 205. The spring 203 is clamped between the upper end face of the 4-hole throttling plate 204 and the groove on the inner wall of the sleeve 202. The 2-hole throttling plate 201 is fixed by screwing its outer peripheral thread into the upper internal thread of the sleeve 202, forming the top limit of the third-stage throttling module, thus completing the assembly of the entire throttling module. Among them, the 4-hole throttling plate 204 and the 2-hole throttling plate 201 are both integrally formed with perforated bosses. The end face of the bosses is polished. The elastic coefficient of spring 203 is 7-10N / mm (greater than spring 2207), which is suitable for the pressure requirements of the third-stage throttling.

[0041] The gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation module is divided into internal separation chamber units and overall docking units according to its function. The specific components involved in the function of each unit and the connection relationships between the components are as follows: The internal unit of the separation chamber includes a cyclone separation chamber 105, a double tangential sleeve 106, an upper end cover 104, a gas-liquid separation cone 107, a porous channel 108, and a funnel 109. The double tangential sleeve 106 is fixed to the upper end of the cyclone separation chamber 105 by threads, with its tangential inlet 1061 facing the inner wall of the cyclone separation chamber 105 at an angle of 30-45° to the horizontal direction, ensuring that a strong cyclone field is formed after the medium enters. The upper end cover 104 is connected and sealed to the top of the cyclone separation chamber 105 by threads to prevent gas phase leakage. The gas-liquid separation cone 107 is connected to the upper end of the porous channel 108 by threads, and the hollow channels of the two are precisely aligned to facilitate gas phase guidance. The lower end of the porous channel 108 is connected to the funnel 109 by threads. The funnel 109 has a cone angle of 25-35°, which facilitates the rapid convergence and discharge of the liquid phase. The lower end is equipped with an anti-clogging filter screen to intercept downhole impurities. The cyclone separation chamber 105 is equipped with a gas phase channel 1051, and the porous channel 108 is equipped with a transverse porous channel 1081, a liquid phase outlet channel 1083, and a liquid inlet 1082. The transverse porous channel 1081 has 4-6 channels with a diameter of 8-12 mm, and the liquid phase outlet channel 1083 has 6-8 channels with a diameter of 10-14 mm. The two adopt a highly layered + circumferentially staggered design to avoid mixing interference.

[0042] The overall docking unit includes an outer sleeve 103, a connecting sleeve 110, an upper sleeve end cap 102, and an upper tubing coupling 101. The upper end of the multi-hole channel 108 is connected to the outer sleeve 103 by threads, and the lower end is connected to the sleeve 202 of the throttling module by threads through the connecting sleeve 110. Both ends of the connecting sleeve 110 are coated with sealant to ensure that the medium does not leak into the separation module after throttling. The lower end of the upper sleeve end cap 102 is threaded to the outer sleeve 103, and the upper end is threaded to the upper tubing coupling 101, realizing the connection between the gas-liquid separation module and the downhole tubing string.

[0043] Figure 1 shows the overall appearance and cross-sectional view of this type of self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device. During operation, the gas-oil-water mixture enters the first-stage throttling module uniformly through the inlet hole 2141 of the porous inlet section 214. The water pressure generated by the mixture exerts an upward impact force on the 16-hole throttling plate 213. When the impact force overcomes the elastic force of the spring 212, the 16-hole throttling plate 213 moves upward and compresses the spring 212 until its perforated boss is tightly fitted with the perforated boss of the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring. The number of flow holes is reduced from 16 to 8, completing the first-stage throttling. The mixture continues to be injected into the second-stage throttling module and accumulates. The increased pressure pushes the 8-hole throttling plate 208 upward to compress the spring 207, so that its boss 2081 is precisely matched with the boss hole of the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with a retaining ring. The number of flow holes is reduced to 4. The first stage of throttling is achieved by opening a hole, which enables the second stage of throttling. The mixture continues to accumulate in the third stage throttling module, and the pressure pushes the four-hole throttling plate 204 upwards, compressing the spring 203. This ensures that its boss precisely matches the boss hole of the two-hole throttling plate 201, ultimately reducing the number of flow holes to two, completing the three-stage precise throttling. Under different flow conditions, the working state of the throttling structure is dynamically adjusted: at extremely low flow rates, no triggering occurs, maintaining 16-hole flow; at low flow rates, only the first stage of throttling is triggered, maintaining 8-hole flow to ensure the medium pressure remains stable at 0.3-0.5 MPa; at medium flow rates, the first and second stages of throttling are triggered sequentially, controlling the flow velocity at 1.2-1.5 m / s with four-hole flow; at high flow rates, all three stages of throttling are triggered, with two-hole flow stabilizing the flow velocity within a certain range to prevent accelerated erosion. After being throttled, the mixture enters the annular channel formed by the cyclone separation chamber 105 and the double tangential sleeve 106 through the inlet 1082. It then enters the cyclone separation chamber 105 through the double tangential inlet 1061, forming a strong swirling field. The gas phase gathers towards the center to form a gas nucleus. Part of this gas is discharged through the top gas phase channel 1051 and enters the upper oil pipe coupling 101 for transport to the surface. The other part enters the porous channel 108 through the hollow channel of the gas-liquid separation cone 107, and is discharged through the transverse porous channel 1081. After being blocked by the outer sleeve 103, it flows upward and converges with the top gas phase to form a double overflow path. The liquid phase is thrown to the chamber wall and flows downward along the wall through the liquid phase outlet channel 1083 into the funnel 109. The funnel 109 guides the liquid phase to be discharged directionally to the designated drainage area downhole, completing the gas-liquid separation operation. An exploded view of the entire device is shown below. Figure 2As shown, all components are displayed disassembled according to assembly logic, including the upper oil pipe coupling 101, upper sleeve end cap 102, cyclone separation chamber 105, double tangential sleeve 106, gas-liquid separation cone 107, multi-hole channel 108, funnel 109, etc. of the gas-liquid separation module, and the limited two-hole throttling plate 201, various sleeves, springs, baffle throttling plate, 16-hole throttling plate 213, multi-hole inlet section 214, etc. of the throttling module. The relative positions and assembly relationships of each component are clearly presented, facilitating the understanding of the assembly logic of the device. The appearance diagram of the multi-hole channel is shown below. Figure 3 As shown in (a), the overall external structure of the porous channel 108 is displayed. It is a cylindrical hollow component, with 1082 as the liquid inlet. Transverse porous channels 1081 are evenly distributed in the middle of the sidewall, and liquid phase outlet channels 1083 are distributed at the corresponding positions in the upper part. This visually demonstrates the "highly layered" design feature of the two. The uniform arrangement of the channel openings and the threaded connection structure at the upper and lower ends of the porous channel 108 can be observed, clearly showing its connection interface with the outer sleeve 103, connecting sleeve 110, gas-liquid separation cone 107, and funnel 109. Its cross-sectional view of the flow channel is shown below. Figure 3 As shown in (b), a horizontal section is taken along the upper end face of the porous channel 108, revealing its upper internal structure. The center is the gas-phase inflow channel 1084, which flows downwards after swirling. The upper openings of the transverse porous channels 1081 are evenly distributed around it, fully revealing the internal channel layout. The staggered distribution of the transverse porous channels 1081 and the liquid-phase outlet channel 1083 allows for clear observation of the connectivity between the transverse porous channels 1081, the liquid-phase outlet channel 1083, the liquid inlet 1082, the porous channel 108, and the internal hollow channel 1084, as well as the pore size and distribution density. The channels do not intersect or interfere with each other. The left sectional view of the porous channel is shown below. Figure 3 As shown in (c), a vertical section is cut along the left side of the porous channel 108, revealing its longitudinal cross-sectional structure. The path of the liquid phase entering the transverse porous channel 1081 is clearly visible, and the smoothness of the inner wall of the porous channel 108 and the structural details of the upper and lower connecting threads can also be observed. The cross-sectional view of the porous channel is shown below. Figure 3 As shown in (d), this is a core cross-sectional view of the porous channel 108, clearly showing the positions of the liquid inlet 1082 and the liquid outlet 1083, the dimensions of the internal hollow channels, and the connectivity between each channel and the outside, thus clarifying the structural basis for gas-liquid separation. The appearance diagram of the throttling structure is shown below. Figure 4 As shown in (a), the overall external shape of the throttling module is displayed, presenting a nested assembly structure of sleeve 1 202, sleeve 206, and sleeve 3 211. The lower part is a multi-hole inlet section 214 and a lower oil pipe coupling 215, and the upper part is a threaded interface connected to the connecting sleeve 110. The whole is a cylindrical integrated structure, and the connection sealing details and external contours of each sleeve can be observed; the throttling structure cross-sectional view is as follows. Figure 4As shown in (b), a section is cut along the central axis of the throttling module, revealing the nested fit of the three-stage throttling units. From bottom to top, the throttling structure consists of the first stage (16 holes → 8 holes), the second stage (8 holes → 4 holes), and the third stage (4 holes → 2 holes). The assembly positions of the throttling plates, springs, and baffled throttling plates at each stage are clearly shown, as well as the fit between the grooves on the inner wall of the sleeve and the springs. This provides a direct understanding of the movement space of the throttling plates and the structural basis of the hole pairing. The throttling structure sectional view is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the assembly status of all components of the throttling module is displayed, presented in the assembly sequence from bottom to top: the multi-hole inlet section 214 is connected to sleeve three 211, sleeve three 211 is equipped with a 16-hole throttling plate 213 and spring three 212, and is connected to the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring through the connecting ring 209. Moving upwards, sleeve two 206, 8-hole throttling plate 208, spring two 207, 4-hole throttling plate 205 with a retaining ring, sleeve one 202, 4-hole throttling plate 204, spring one 203, and 2-hole throttling plate 201 are assembled in sequence, fully demonstrating the integrated assembly logic of the three-stage throttling module. A working cross-sectional view of the first-stage throttling structure is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the assembly of components in the first-stage throttling unit (16 holes → 8 holes) is highlighted, demonstrating the fit between sleeve 211, 16-hole throttling plate 213, spring 212, 8-hole throttling plate 210 with baffle ring, and connecting ring 209. The 16-hole throttling plate 213 is placed on the annular baffle inside sleeve 211. Spring 212 is engaged between the 16-hole throttling plate 213 and the groove on the inner wall of sleeve 211. The 8-hole throttling plate 210 with baffle ring is fixed to sleeve 211 via connecting ring 209. This clearly demonstrates the structural premise of the fit between the core components of the first-stage throttling unit and the matching of the orifices. During operation, the mixture enters through the inlet hole 2141 of the porous inlet section 214. Water pressure impacts the 16-hole throttling plate 213, causing it to move upwards. The spring 212 compresses, and the 8-hole throttling plate slot 2102 with baffle ring and the 16-hole throttling plate slot 2132, along with the protrusion on the funnel 109, achieve circumferential positioning of the throttling plate. This ensures that the eight second throttling holes 2133 on the 16-hole throttling plate protrusion 2131 are fitted and matched with the eight first throttling holes 2103 (outside the baffle ring 2101) on the protrusion of the 8-hole throttling plate 210, completing the throttling from 16 holes to 8 holes. A cross-sectional view of the secondary throttling structure is shown below. Figure 7As shown, the assembly of components in the second-stage throttling unit (8 holes → 4 holes) is highlighted, demonstrating the fit between sleeve 206, the 8-hole throttling plate 208, spring 207, and the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with a retaining ring: the 8-hole throttling plate 208 is placed on the retaining ring 2101 of the 8-hole throttling plate 210 with a retaining ring; spring 207 is engaged between the 8-hole throttling plate 208 and the groove on the inner wall of sleeve 206; and the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with a retaining ring is fixed inside the upper end of sleeve 206, clearly defining the components of the second-stage throttling unit. Position and elastic matching logic; the mixed liquid after the first stage of throttling is continuously injected, and the pressure pushes the 8-hole throttling plate 208 to move upward. The spring 207 is compressed, and the 4-hole throttling plate slot 2052 with the retaining ring and the 8-hole throttling plate slot 2082 and the protrusion on the funnel 109 realize the circumferential positioning of the throttling plate, so that the four first throttling holes 2083 on the 8-hole throttling plate protrusion 2081 are precisely matched with the four second throttling holes 2053 on the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with the retaining ring, realizing the throttling from 8 holes to 4 holes. The working cross-sectional view of the three-stage throttling structure is as follows. Figure 8 As shown, the assembly of the components of the third-stage throttling unit (4 holes → 2 holes) is highlighted, demonstrating the fit between the sleeve 202, the 4-hole throttling plate 204, the spring 203, and the 2-hole throttling plate 201: the 4-hole throttling plate 204 is placed on the retaining ring 2051 of the 4-hole throttling plate 205 with retaining ring; the spring 203 is engaged between the 4-hole throttling plate 204 and the groove on the inner wall of the sleeve 202; and the 2-hole throttling plate 201 is fixed to the upper end of the sleeve 202 by threads, visually demonstrating the components of the third-stage throttling unit. The structural basis for assembly and hole matching; the mixture after the second stage of throttling continues to accumulate, and the pressure pushes the 4-hole throttling plate 204 to move upward. The spring 203 is compressed, and the 2-hole throttling plate slot 2011 and the 4-hole throttling plate slot 2041 are circumferentially positioned with the protrusion on the funnel 109, so that the two holes on the protrusion, the first throttling hole 2042, are precisely matched with the two second throttling holes 2012 of the 2-hole throttling plate 201, completing the throttling from 4 holes to 2 holes, laying the foundation for subsequent swirling separation.

[0044] The axial height of a single stage of the self-regulating flow stabilization structure is designed to be 250~300mm. The free state length of each stage spring is 240mm, and the maximum compressed length is 30mm. It can adaptively trigger staged throttling according to the downhole flow rate. The working state is as follows: Extremely low flow / extremely low pressure conditions: There is no obvious flow impact, the spring holds in a free state of 240mm without compression, the 16-hole throttling plate is separated from the 8-hole throttling plate with baffle ring, the medium passes through all holes, and there is no throttling action.

[0045] Low flow rate (≤50m³ / d): The medium pressure pushes the 16-hole throttling plate upward, and spring three is compressed to about 30mm, completing the 16-hole → 8-hole matching throttling; spring two and spring one maintain a free state of 240mm, and the device outputs a stable pressure of 0.3~0.5MPa.

[0046] Medium flow rate (50~150m³ / d): The pressure continues to rise, triggering the secondary throttling. Spring 2 is compressed to about 30mm, achieving 8-hole to 4-hole pairing; Spring 1 remains in a free state of 240mm, and the medium flow velocity is stable at 1.2~1.5m / s.

[0047] High flow rate (>150m³ / d): When the pressure reaches the third-level trigger threshold, the first spring is compressed to about 30mm, completing the final throttling from 4 holes to 2 holes; all springs are in the maximum compression state, controlling the flow rate within the safe range and reducing the risk of pipeline erosion.

[0048] This invention features a simple structure and convenient assembly. Through the adaptive control of the three-stage throttling module and the dual overflow separation path of the gas-liquid separation module, it effectively solves the technical defects of existing downhole separation devices, such as low throttling control accuracy, insufficient gas phase recovery, weak resistance to operating condition fluctuations, and severe erosion damage. It can be widely used in downhole gas-liquid separation operations in high-pressure, high-gas-content, and large-condition-fluid-fluid gas wells, significantly improving the oil and gas well recovery rate and production economy.

Claims

1. A throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device, characterized in that: This throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device consists of a throttling self-controlled flow stabilization structure connected to a gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure at the upper end. The gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device includes an outer sleeve, a swirling separation chamber, a porous channel, a funnel, and a connecting cylinder. A gas phase channel is set at the upper end of the swirling separation chamber. The porous channel is connected between the outer sleeve and the connecting cylinder. A double tangential sleeve is coaxially set inside the swirling separation chamber, and the lower ends of both are connected to the porous channel. The upper end of the porous channel is also connected to a gas-liquid separation cone located inside the double tangential sleeve. The lower end of the porous channel is connected to the funnel, and the funnel passes through the throttling self-controlled flow stabilization structure. The throttling and flow stabilizing structure includes a three-stage throttling mechanism and a multi-hole inlet section. The first-stage throttling mechanism is connected to the multi-hole inlet section. The first-stage throttling mechanism consists of a sleeve with a connecting ring at the upper end, containing a 16-hole throttling plate, a spring, and an 8-hole throttling plate with a retaining ring. The lower end of the sleeve connects to the multi-hole inlet section, and the lower end of the spring connects to the 16-hole throttling plate. Above the spring is the 8-hole throttling plate with a retaining ring. The 16-hole throttling plate is an integrally formed boss structure with 16 throttling holes. The upper surface of the 16-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring is uniformly arranged in a ring on the end face of the boss. The baffle ring has 8 throttling holes evenly arranged in a ring inside the baffle ring and 8 throttling holes evenly arranged in a ring outside the baffle ring. When the 16-hole throttling plate moves up to the 8-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring, the two have 8 throttling holes that correspond to each other and are connected. The second-stage throttling mechanism includes an 8-hole throttling plate, a second spring, and a 4-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring. The third-stage throttling mechanism includes a 4-hole throttling plate, a first spring, and a 2-hole throttling plate with a baffle ring.

2. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous channel is a multi-layered cylindrical rotating body, consisting of an inner main body, a middle coarse-diameter section, and an external threaded connection section. The inner main body is integrally formed by an upper column and a lower cavity. The upper column has a gas overflow guide groove at its center, which is a stepped groove with a reduced diameter. Liquid phase outlet channels are evenly distributed around the gas overflow guide groove. The upper end of each liquid phase outlet channel communicates with the inner cavity of the double tangential sleeve, and the lower end of each liquid phase outlet channel communicates with the lower cavity. The middle coarse-diameter section has vertically evenly distributed liquid inlets and radially evenly distributed transverse porous channels. Each transverse porous channel communicates with the gas overflow guide groove, which communicates with the gas overflow guide channel of the gas-liquid separation cone. The lower end of each liquid inlet communicates with the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder, and the upper end of each liquid inlet communicates with the annular channel formed by the vortex separation chamber and the double tangential sleeve.

3. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower end of the spring is engaged between the upper surface of the 16-hole throttling plate and the preset groove on the inner wall of the sleeve. The inner wall of the lower end of the sleeve has an integrally formed annular baffle. The 16-hole throttling plate is placed horizontally on the annular baffle of the sleeve. When the 16-hole throttling plate moves up to the 8-hole throttling plate with the baffle ring, the 8 throttling holes of the 16-hole throttling plate correspond one-to-one with the 8 throttling holes on the outer ring of the 8-hole throttling plate with the baffle ring.

4. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gas-liquid adaptive high-efficiency separation structure also includes an upper oil pipe coupling, an upper sleeve end cap, and an upper end cap. The threaded structure at the lower end of the upper sleeve end cap is connected to the outer sleeve, and the lower end of the upper oil pipe coupling is threaded to the upper end of the upper sleeve end cap. The upper end cap is threaded to the cyclone separation chamber, and the upper end of the cyclone separation chamber is threaded to the upper end of the double tangential sleeve. Both ends of the external threaded connection part of the multi-hole channel are provided with threaded structures. The upper end of the external threaded connection part is threaded to the outer sleeve, and the lower end of the external threaded connection part is threaded to the connecting cylinder. The gas overflow guide channel of the multi-hole channel is connected to the gas-liquid separation cone through its upper thread, and the lower cavity of the multi-hole channel is threaded to the funnel.

5. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas phase channel of the cyclone separation chamber is a through-type upward overflow channel. The gas phase channel is connected to the center hole of the upper sleeve end cap. The gas phase channel, the gas downward overflow guide channel of the gas-liquid separation cone, and the transverse porous channel work together to form a "upward overflow + downward overflow" double overflow path. After the gas phase downward overflow flows downward through the gas downward overflow guide channel of the gas-liquid separation cone, it turns upward through the transverse porous channel. After being blocked by the outer sleeve, the downward overflow gas phase and the upward overflow gas phase converge and are discharged. The double tangential sleeve has double tangential inlets, which are two symmetrically distributed tangential openings.

6. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid phase outlet channel and the transverse porous channel adopt a dual anti-mixing design; in terms of height, the transverse porous channel is located at 1 / 2 the height of the upper end face of the porous channel, and the liquid inlet is located at 1 / 3 the height of the upper end face; in terms of circumference, the liquid phase outlet channel and the liquid inlet are distributed in parallel inside and outside, and their axes are completely misaligned with the transverse porous channel, so they do not interfere with each other.

7. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer circumferential surface of the two-hole throttling plate is provided with an external thread structure, which is screwed and fixed to the internal thread of the upper end of the sleeve one; the lower end of the sleeve is sealed and connected to the external thread of the upper end of the sleeve two through the external thread; the inner end of the upper end of the sleeve two is fixedly connected to the four-hole throttling plate with retaining ring through the internal thread; the four-hole throttling plate is horizontally placed above the four-hole throttling plate with retaining ring, and the retaining ring of the four-hole throttling plate with retaining ring provides axial support and radial limitation; the two-hole throttling plate, the four-hole throttling plate, and the eight-hole throttling plate are all integrally formed with a boss structure, and all throttling holes are opened on the end face of the boss; the spring one is snapped between the upper end face of the four-hole throttling plate and the preset groove on the inner wall of the sleeve one; the four throttling holes on the outer edge of the eight-hole throttling plate are precisely matched with the four throttling holes outside the retaining ring of the four-hole throttling plate with retaining ring.

8. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower end of the second sleeve is fixedly connected to the connecting ring by threads. The lower end of the connecting ring adopts a double thread design. The inner thread of the connecting ring is connected to the 8-hole throttle plate with a retaining ring, and the outer thread of the connecting ring is connected to the upper end of the third sleeve. The 8-hole throttle plate is horizontally placed above the 8-hole throttle plate with a retaining ring and is supported and limited by the retaining ring of the 8-hole throttle plate with a retaining ring. The second spring is clamped between the upper surface of the 8-hole throttle plate and the preset groove on the inner wall of the second sleeve. The two throttle holes on the outer edge of the 4-hole throttle plate are precisely matched with the two throttle holes on the outer edge of the 2-hole throttle plate.

9. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The elastic coefficients of springs three, two, and one increase sequentially, being 5-8 N / mm, 6-9 N / mm, and 7-10 N / mm respectively, to adapt to the pressure threshold requirements under different flow conditions and to realize the step-by-step triggering and resetting of the throttle plate.

10. The throttling self-controlled downhole adaptive gas-liquid flow stabilization and high-efficiency separation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The throttling and self-regulating flow stabilization structure is adapted to full-flow and extremely low-pressure operating conditions. When the pressure of the gas-oil-water mixture is extremely low, the pressure is insufficient to overcome the preload of spring three. The 16-hole throttling plate remains separated from the boss of the 8-hole throttling plate with baffle ring. The mixture flows through all 16 holes of the 16-hole throttling plate at full flow. The 8-hole and 4-hole throttling plates do not operate, maintaining the 16-hole flow state, which is suitable for the medium transportation requirements of extremely low-pressure operating conditions. When the flow rate is ≤50m³ / d, the 8-hole flow state is maintained, and the medium pressure after throttling is stable at 0.3-0.5MPa. When the flow rate is 50-150m³ / d, the 4-hole flow is used, and the medium velocity is stable at 1.2-1.5m / s. When the flow rate is >150m³ / d, the 2-hole flow is used, and the medium velocity is stable with small pressure fluctuations.

Images