Ventilation and slagging system and method using TBM turning chamber

Abstract

The application discloses a ventilation and slagging system and method using TBM wrong car chamber, solves the problems of long ventilation distance, fixed fan position unable to dynamically move forward and high cost caused by additional construction of air reservoir / air chamber in the long distance tunneling ventilation system of TBM in the prior art. The ventilation and slagging system uses the existing upper roadway and a plurality of wrong car chambers arranged in the TBM tunneling roadway, a connecting air shaft is arranged between the upper roadway and the wrong car chambers, the upper roadway is communicated with the TBM tunneling roadway, and a ventilation fan is arranged in the wrong car chamber close to the TBM equipment; with the forward tunneling of the TBM equipment, the wrong car chambers located on the side wall of the TBM tunneling roadway are arranged in sequence and at intervals; the ventilation fan is sequentially moved to the wrong car chamber close to the TBM equipment, and a relay type dynamic ventilation system is formed; and the connecting air shaft can be used as a slagging channel. The system integrates the relay type dynamic ventilation system and the slagging system, can dynamically shorten the air supply distance and reduce the air resistance, can fully utilize the existing mine roadway and chamber resources, realizes one chamber with multiple uses, reduces the construction cost and improves the construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a tunnel ventilation and slag chute system. Background Technology

[0002] When using TBMs for tunnel excavation in deep mines, ventilation becomes a critical bottleneck restricting project safety and efficiency as the excavation distance increases (reaching several kilometers or even more than ten kilometers). The TBM excavation face is located at the deepest point of the tunnel, requiring fresh air to be transported through long-distance ventilation ducts. This results in significant wind resistance along the way, leading to insufficient airflow at the working face, increased temperature, and excessive concentrations of dust and harmful gases, severely impacting the health of workers and the normal operation of equipment.

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, existing technologies already offer relevant solutions. For example, patent application CN113898395A discloses a ventilation method for extra-long inclined shafts in coal mines. This method involves installing a first fan assembly at the entrances of the main and auxiliary inclined shafts, and after a certain distance of excavation, installing a "ventilation chamber" and a second fan assembly at the connecting passage to achieve relay ventilation. The core of this solution is to set up a closed "ventilation chamber" within the connecting passage as a transfer station, where fresh air first enters the chamber and is then pressurized and delivered by the second fan. Patent application CN116906103A discloses a ventilation method for deep-well ultra-long-distance tunneling faces, employing a phased strategy: parallel fans are used from 3000-6000m, and "ventilation chamber relay" is used from 6000-9000m. This involves excavating and constructing a ventilation chamber on one side of the roadway, placing the end of the ventilation duct inside the chamber, and then installing a fan to continue supplying air. Patent document CN214499130U discloses a ventilation device that uses a fan installed at the top to deliver air to the bottom tunnel by drilling ventilation holes that connect the upper and lower tunnels. However, the ventilation holes in this device are in a pre-designed fixed position and do not involve the dynamic forward movement of the TBM during the tunneling process.

[0004] However, the aforementioned existing technologies share the following common drawbacks: 1. The ventilation path remains relatively long: Whether using a "ventilation silo" or "ventilation chamber" relay, fresh air still needs to be transported from the shaft opening or ventilation silo / chamber to the working face via a long-distance ventilation duct, resulting in significant frictional losses along the duct. 2. Dedicated ventilation silos / chambers are required: Existing solutions require additional excavation or construction of ventilation silos / chambers, increasing the workload and cost. Furthermore, the location of the ventilation silos / chambers is fixed and cannot be dynamically moved forward with the TBM excavation. 3. Existing chamber resources are not utilized: During TBM excavation, numerous passing chambers are formed. These chambers become idle after the passing function is completed, and existing technologies do not incorporate them into the ventilation system design. 4. The fan location is relatively fixed: In existing relay ventilation systems, the fan station remains located at the rear of the roadway or within the ventilation silo, unable to truly "move forward" to a position closer to the working face. 5. The utilization of existing upper roadways and the reuse of ventilation facilities are not considered.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies face two major technical barriers: first, they fail to utilize temporary passing chambers generated during TBM tunneling as permanent ventilation nodes, resulting in the inability to dynamically shorten ventilation paths; second, ventilation holes or shafts have a single function, are abandoned upon completion, and do not consider coordination with the slag removal system in the upper mine roadways. This invention proposes a systematic solution to address these two barriers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a ventilation and slag chute system and method utilizing a TBM passing chamber. This solves the problems in existing TBM long-distance tunneling ventilation systems, such as long ventilation distance, high wind resistance, insufficient air volume at the working face, fixed fan position that cannot be dynamically moved forward, and high cost due to the need for additional ventilation ducts / chambers.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: a ventilation and muck chute system utilizing TBM passing chambers, utilizing existing upper roadways and several passing chambers within the TBM excavation roadway, constructing a connecting ventilation shaft between the upper roadway and the passing chambers to connect the upper roadway and the TBM excavation roadway, with ventilation fans installed in the passing chambers near the TBM equipment; as the TBM equipment advances forward, the passing chambers located on the sidewalls of the TBM excavation roadway are sequentially spaced; the ventilation fans sequentially move forward to the passing chambers near the TBM equipment, forming a relay-type dynamic ventilation system; after the ventilation task is completed, the connecting ventilation shaft serves as a muck chute, with rocks generated during the upper roadway excavation sliding down the connecting ventilation shaft to the passing chambers, and then being transported out via the lower transportation system. This system integrates a relay-type dynamic ventilation system and a slag removal system, which can dynamically shorten the air supply distance and reduce wind resistance; it can also make full use of the existing mine roadways and chambers, realize multiple uses of one chamber, reduce construction costs, and improve construction efficiency.

[0008] Further optimization involves sealing the air inlet of the ventilation fan with a rigid duct to the corresponding connecting air shaft, and delivering air to the TBM equipment through a flexible duct. This structure ensures both airtight ventilation and targeted air delivery to the TBM equipment, thereby improving air delivery efficiency.

[0009] Further optimization involves constructing a connecting ventilation shaft as a vertical or inclined passageway from the top or sidewall of the corresponding passing chamber to the upper roadway, to adapt to different geological conditions and the misalignment relationship between the upper and lower roadways.

[0010] Further optimization involves installing ventilation fans in two adjacent passing chambers near the TBM equipment to increase airflow and adapt to the construction of larger cross-section TBM tunnels; the ventilation fans are fixed in the corresponding passing chambers by shock-absorbing bases to reduce vibration and protect the fans.

[0011] Further optimization reveals that the substructure transport system includes a muck loader and a continuous belt conveyor installed within the TBM tunneling roadway. The muck loader transports the rock from the passing chamber to the continuous belt conveyor, which then continuously outputs the rock, improving muck removal efficiency.

[0012] A tunnel ventilation and muck chute method employs the aforementioned ventilation and muck chute system utilizing a TBM passing chamber. The tunnel ventilation and muck chute method comprises the following steps: S1, selection and preparation of the passing chamber; when the TBM's excavation distance exceeds a preset threshold, causing the working face airflow to decrease to the point where it cannot meet design requirements, the passing chamber closest to the tail of the TBM and structurally stable is selected as the forward station for the ventilation fan.

[0013] S2. Construction of the connecting ventilation shaft: Using existing geological drilling rigs or riser drilling rigs in the mine, a connecting ventilation shaft is constructed from the top of the selected passing chamber to the upper roadway; after the connecting ventilation shaft is completed, the wall surface is sprayed with grout to reduce air resistance and thus improve the air supply efficiency.

[0014] S3. Relocation and installation of the ventilation station; transport the ventilation fans originally located in the rear roadway or shaft opening to the passing chamber selected in step S1; and seal the ventilation fan inlet to the opening of the connecting air shaft in the passing chamber through a rigid air duct to ensure no air leakage; connect the fan outlet to the flexible air duct, which extends along the side wall of the TBM tunneling roadway to the TBM equipment.

[0015] S4. Airflow system reconfiguration: Start the ventilation fan, and fresh air from the upper roadway reaches the TBM tunneling face through the connecting air shaft, ventilation fan, and flexible air duct.

[0016] S5. Dynamic relay forward movement: As the TBM equipment continues to advance, when the working face air volume decreases again, repeat steps S1~S4 to carry out dynamic relay ventilation by circulating the ventilation fan forward.

[0017] S6. After the ventilation task is completed, the corresponding connecting ventilation shaft can be used as a slag chute. The rocks produced by the excavation of the upper roadway slide down to the lower passing chamber through the corresponding connecting ventilation shaft, and then are transported out through the lower transportation system.

[0018] Further optimization involves installing ventilation fans in two adjacent passing chambers when the cross-section of the TBM tunnel is large, with the ventilation fans connected in parallel to supply air to the TBM tunneling face.

[0019] Further optimization involves using wet drilling to construct the connecting ventilation shaft in step S2. The diameter of the connecting ventilation shaft is 0.5~1.5m, and the vertical depth is determined based on the distance between the upper roadway and the TBM excavation roadway.

[0020] Further optimization involves selecting from various options for the inner wall of the connecting ventilation shaft, such as spiral ventilation ducts, shotcrete layers, anchor mesh spraying, or full-section steel pipe lining, based on the stability of the surrounding rock; this enhances the stability of the connecting ventilation shaft.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Significantly reduces ventilation resistance and improves air supply efficiency: By constructing connecting air shafts and moving the fan forward to the passing chamber, long-distance air supply is transformed into short-distance air supply, fundamentally shortening the air supply path and significantly reducing wind resistance along the way. Under the same fan power, the actual air volume obtained at the working face can be effectively increased; or, under the premise of achieving the same air supply effect, the fan energy consumption can be significantly reduced.

[0022] 2. Achieving "Multi-purpose Use of One Chamber" and Saving Engineering Costs: By fully utilizing the temporary passing chambers necessary during TBM tunneling as permanent ventilation nodes, there is no need to excavate dedicated "ventilation silos" or "ventilation rooms" as with existing technologies. This avoids additional mining construction work, saving on construction costs and time. Furthermore, the connecting ventilation shafts used for ventilation can be reused as muck chutes, turning waste into treasure. There is no need to add additional muck chutes, avoiding the cost of constructing dedicated chutes for handling rock excavated in the upper roadways. In this muck chute reuse mode, in conjunction with a muck loader and continuous conveyor belt, it can be fully integrated into the existing TBM muck removal system without the need for additional independent transportation equipment, further reducing operating costs.

[0023] 3. Dynamic relay forward movement to adapt to long-distance tunneling: As the TBM advances, this invention reuses subsequent passing chambers to achieve "dynamic relay forward movement" of the ventilation station, ensuring that the air supply distance remains within the optimal range. In contrast, existing technologies have fixed ventilation ducts or chambers that cannot move forward with the tunneling front, still facing the problem of long-distance air supply after tunneling exceeds a certain distance.

[0024] 4. Effectively improves the working environment and protects personnel health: By providing sufficient fresh airflow, it can quickly dilute and remove heat (high ground temperature), dust, harmful gases and internal combustion engine exhaust from the tunneling face, effectively reducing the working face temperature and dust concentration, improving the breathing environment and thermal comfort of workers, and reducing the risk of occupational diseases.

[0025] 5. Improved tunneling continuity and freed up tunnel space: This solved the limitation of ventilation capacity on TBM tunneling speed, allowing the TBM to tunnel continuously at its designed capacity and avoiding forced speed reduction or shutdown due to insufficient air volume. At the same time, moving the ventilation fan out of the main tunnel freed up valuable passage and logistics space, reducing mutual interference between equipment and transport vehicles.

[0026] 6. The system is highly flexible and scalable: It fully utilizes the existing mine roadway system and TBM construction technology, without the need for large-scale modifications. Moreover, the reusable functions can be flexibly selected according to the actual needs of the mine (such as slag chutes and pipeline channels), which has high practical value and promising prospects for promotion.

[0027] In summary, the ventilation and muck chute system proposed in this invention utilizes the TBM passing chamber. By constructing vertical or inclined connecting ventilation shafts from the top or sidewalls of the passing chamber to the upper roadway, the temporary passing chamber is transformed into a permanent, multi-functional node, achieving the organic integration and full-cycle reuse of ventilation and muck chute functions. Through the systematic reconstruction of the functions of temporary facilities in TBM tunneling, multiple beneficial effects are achieved, including dynamic optimization of ventilation paths, reduced construction of tunnels and shafts, coordinated muck removal systems at different levels, and permanent reuse of underground space, resulting in significant technical, economic, and safety benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the ventilation and slag chute system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the ventilation and slag chute system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the forward movement of the ventilation fan;

[0032] Figure 4 A construction diagram of two ventilation fans;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of ventilation and slag chute system;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1, such as Figure 1 , 3 As shown, a ventilation and muck chute system utilizing TBM passing chambers is described. This system utilizes the existing upper roadway 1 and several passing chambers 4 within the TBM excavation roadway 8. It should be noted that the upper roadway 1 is already formed in the mine and does not require special excavation for this invention. The passing chambers 4 are located on the sidewall of the excavation roadway 9 and are connected to it, used for passing vehicles within the tunnel, and are spaced apart. A connecting ventilation shaft 3 is constructed between the upper roadway 1 and the passing chambers 4, connecting the upper roadway 1 to the TBM excavation roadway 8, thus creating the basic conditions for ventilation and muck chute handling. In actual construction, ventilation fans 5 are installed in the passing chambers 4 closest to the TBM equipment 7, providing efficient air delivery over a shorter distance. As the TBM 7 advances, passing chambers 4 located on the sidewall of the TBM tunnel 8 are sequentially spaced. Ventilation fans 5 move forward sequentially to the passing chambers 4 closest to the TBM 7, forming a relay-type dynamic ventilation system. This relay-type dynamic ventilation system achieves dynamic ventilation through the relay movement of the fans. The system relocates the rear fans to the passing chambers for installation, with the fan inlets connected to the connecting ventilation shaft, and the outlets supplying air directly to the TBM working face via short-distance ventilation ducts. This system dynamically shortens the air supply distance and reduces wind resistance. This ventilation system utilizes the existing passing chambers formed during TBM tunneling and the existing upper roadways (such as upper transport roadways) in the mine. A connecting ventilation shaft (ventilation ceiling) is then constructed from this chamber to the upper roadway as a fresh air intake channel. This transforms long-distance air supply into short-distance air supply, significantly reducing wind resistance along the path and effectively improving the air supply capacity of the working face with the same fan power. Simultaneously, it frees up space in the main roadway, improving material transport efficiency. Short-distance ventilation ensures that fresh airflow quickly reaches the working face, and the high-temperature, high-humidity, and high-dust gases generated by TBM cutting are promptly discharged, significantly improving the working environment.

[0037] In actual construction, after the ventilation task is completed, the connecting ventilation shaft 3 serves as a chute. Rock generated during the excavation of the upper roadway 1 flows down through the connecting ventilation shaft 3 to the passing chamber 4, and is then transported out via the lower transportation system. By reusing functions, the waste of the connecting ventilation shaft is avoided, there is no need to add an additional chute, saving on chute construction costs. It also enables the upper and lower roadway muck removal systems to work together, forming a collaborative model of "centralized chute removal at the top and unified external transportation at the bottom," reducing investment in upper muck removal equipment and simplifying transportation management.

[0038] This invention solves the limitation of ventilation capacity on TBM tunneling speed, enabling TBMs to tunnel continuously at their designed capacity and avoiding forced speed reduction or shutdown due to insufficient air volume. Simultaneously, moving the ventilation fan out of the main roadway frees up valuable passage and logistics space, reducing mutual interference between equipment and transport vehicles. Besides serving as a chute, abandoned connecting ventilation shafts can also be used as pipeline channels (such as cables and drainage pipes) or as backup air intake / return channels. Therefore, this invention fully utilizes the existing mine roadway system and TBM construction technology, requiring no large-scale modifications, and its reusable functions can be flexibly selected according to the actual needs of the mine (chute, pipeline channel, etc.), demonstrating high practical value and promising prospects for widespread application.

[0039] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, a ventilation and slag chute system utilizing a TBM passing chamber is further optimized based on Example 1. In this example, the air inlet of the ventilation fan 5 is sealed to the corresponding connecting air shaft 3 via a rigid duct; it can be used for both forced ventilation and exhaust ventilation, and can also achieve a mixed forced and exhaust ventilation based on gas concentration and temperature distribution, demonstrating strong system compatibility. The air outlet of the ventilation fan 5 delivers air to the TBM equipment 7 via a flexible air duct 6. The flexible air duct is suspended from the top or side of the TBM tunneling roadway by steel wire ropes or anchor bolts, keeping the air duct straight, without sharp bends or wrinkles, reducing frictional resistance. As the TBM advances, the flexible air duct extends forward section by section. The air outlet of the flexible air duct can be equipped with an adjustable guide hood or a rotating air outlet, flexibly adjusting the air direction and speed according to the TBM working face layout (cutterhead, shield, support area, slag removal area) to achieve precise air delivery. It should be noted that multiple parameter sensors (temperature, gas, CO, dust, wind speed) can be further installed on the working face, and the fan frequency can be automatically adjusted by PLC or industrial control computer to achieve on-demand air supply and improve the economy of the ventilation system.

[0040] In this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment, the connecting ventilation shaft 3 is a vertical or inclined channel constructed from the top or sidewall of the corresponding passing chamber 4 to the upper roadway 1, to adapt to different geological conditions and the misalignment relationship between the upper and lower roadways. Constructed directly upwards from the top or sidewall of the passing chamber, the length of the ventilation shaft is the straight-line distance (or nearly straight-line distance) between the passing chamber and the upper roadway, eliminating the need for the circuitous path of the TBM excavation roadway. Compared to traditional long-distance ventilation drawing air from the surface or bottom of the shaft, the ventilation path of this invention is greatly shortened, fundamentally solving the ventilation problem of long-distance single-heading tunneling.

[0041] It should be noted that, as Figure 4 As shown, when the roadway cross-section is large, ventilation fans 5 are installed in two adjacent passing chambers 4 near the TBM equipment 7; air is supplied to the working face in parallel to further increase the air volume. Of course, three or more can be installed in parallel as needed, but in actual construction, two ventilation fans 5 are generally used; the two ventilation fans are respectively installed in adjacent passing chambers near the TBM equipment 7. The ventilation fans 5 are fixed in the corresponding passing chambers 4 by vibration damping bases; specifically, the fan bases are poured into the chamber floor slab and then vibration damping pads are installed to stably fix the ventilation fans 5 and reduce the damage to the fans caused by vibration.

[0042] In this embodiment, as a preferred solution, such as Figure 5 As shown, the lower transport system includes a muck loader 9 and a continuous belt conveyor 10 installed in the TBM tunneling roadway 8. The muck loader transports the rock from the passing chamber to the continuous belt conveyor, and then the rock is continuously output via the continuous belt conveyor, improving the muck removal efficiency.

[0043] Example 3, a tunnel ventilation and slag chute method, such as Figure 6 As shown, the ventilation and muck chute system utilizing the TBM passing chamber described in Example 2 is adopted. The specific steps of the tunnel ventilation and muck chute method are as follows: S1, selection and preparation of the passing chamber; when the excavation distance of the TBM equipment 7 exceeds the preset threshold, causing the working face airflow to decrease to the point where it cannot meet the design requirements, the passing chamber 4, which is closest to the tail of the TBM equipment 7 and has a stable structure, is selected as the forward station of the ventilation fan 5; the integrity of the surrounding rock of the chamber is checked, and local anchor spraying support is carried out if necessary.

[0044] S2. Construction of the connecting ventilation shaft: Using existing geological drilling rigs or raise boring machines in the mine, a connecting ventilation shaft 3 will be constructed from the top of the selected passing chamber 4 to the upper roadway 1. After the connecting ventilation shaft 3 is completed, the wall surface will be shotcreted to reduce air resistance. Specifically, the connecting ventilation shaft 3 will be constructed using a wet drilling method. The diameter of the connecting ventilation shaft 3 will be 0.5~1.5m, preferably 1m. The vertical depth will be determined based on the distance between the upper roadway 1 and the TBM excavation roadway 8. The inner wall of the connecting ventilation shaft 3 will be supported by spiral ventilation ducts, shotcrete, anchor mesh spraying, or full-section steel pipe lining, depending on the stability of the surrounding rock, to improve the stability of the connecting ventilation shaft.

[0045] S3. Relocation and installation of the ventilation station; transport the ventilation fan 5, which was originally located in the rear roadway or shaft opening, to the passing chamber 4 selected in step S1; and seal the air inlet of the ventilation fan 5 to the opening of the connecting air shaft 3 in the passing chamber 4 through a rigid air duct to ensure no air leakage; connect the air outlet of the fan to the flexible air duct 6, which extends along the side wall of the TBM tunneling roadway 8 to the TBM equipment.

[0046] S4. Airflow system reconfiguration; start ventilation fan 5, and fresh air from the upper roadway 1 reaches the TBM tunneling face via connecting ventilation shaft 3, ventilation fan 5, and flexible ventilation duct 6. The original long-distance rear ventilation duct (several kilometers long) can be dismantled and recycled, or retained as a backup.

[0047] S5. Dynamic relay forward movement: As the TBM equipment 7 continues to advance, when the working face airflow decreases again, repeat steps S1~S4 to carry out dynamic relay ventilation by cyclically moving the ventilation fan 5 forward. The fans in the original chamber can be removed and transferred to the new chamber, and the original connecting ventilation shaft can be used as a backup ventilation channel or abandoned and sealed.

[0048] S6. After the ventilation task is completed, the corresponding connecting ventilation shaft 3 can be used as a muck chute. Rock 11 generated during the excavation of the upper roadway 1 flows down through the corresponding connecting ventilation shaft 3 to the lower passing chamber 4, and then is transported out via the lower transportation system. A muck loader 9 is installed in the passing chamber to scoop up the accumulated rock and transfer it to the continuous conveyor belt 10. The continuous conveyor belt is arranged along one side of the TBM tunneling roadway, and finally transports the rock to the designated location. This method makes full use of the gravity flow function of the connecting ventilation shaft, and together with the muck loader and the continuous conveyor belt, forms a highly efficient and low-cost muck removal system. The muck loader can move flexibly according to the rock accumulation pattern, and the continuous conveyor belt is shared with the TBM tunneling muck removal system, reducing equipment investment. In addition to serving as a muck chute, the abandoned connecting ventilation shaft can also be used as a pipeline channel (such as cables, drainage pipes), or as a backup air intake / return channel.

[0049] In addition, when the cross-section of the TBM tunnel 8 is large, ventilation fans 5 are installed in the two adjacent passing chambers. The ventilation fans 5 are connected in parallel to supply air to the TBM tunneling face, further increasing the ventilation volume. By providing sufficient fresh airflow, the heat (high ground temperature), dust, harmful gases, and internal combustion engine exhaust gas at the tunneling face can be quickly diluted and discharged, effectively reducing the temperature and dust concentration at the working face, improving the breathing environment and thermal comfort of the workers, and reducing the risk of occupational diseases.

[0050] In terms of ventilation technology, this invention completely breaks through the technical barriers of traditional single-head ventilation over long distances in TBM tunneling. By placing the ventilation fans in the passing chambers close to the TBM equipment and sealing them with rigid ducts to the connecting air shafts, and using flexible ducts to precisely deliver air to the working face, a relay-style dynamic ventilation system of "moving fans forward and shortening paths" is formed. As the TBM continues to advance, the ventilation fans move forward sequentially to new passing chambers, keeping the ventilation distance within the optimal range at all times. This significantly improves the effective air volume utilization rate, significantly reduces the concentration of dust and harmful gases at the working face, and fundamentally improves the quality of the working environment.

[0051] In terms of space resource utilization, this invention permanently connects the traditionally used "temporarily used during tunneling and abandoned after completion" passing chamber to the upper roadway via a connecting ventilation shaft. This gives it the dual permanent functions of a ventilation node and a muck chute transfer station, achieving resource revitalization through "multiple uses for one chamber and dual uses for one shaft." The connecting ventilation shaft serves as a ventilation channel during tunneling and is converted into a muck chute after completion. Rock generated during tunneling in the upper roadway flows down to the passing chamber by its own weight via the connecting ventilation shaft and is then transported out via the lower transportation system. This solution avoids the duplication of construction of dedicated ventilation openings and dedicated muck chutes, significantly reducing the amount of tunneling work and greatly lowering construction costs.

[0052] In terms of system compatibility and scalability, the dual-path design of vertical roof construction and inclined sidewall construction in this invention can flexibly adapt to different spatial relationships and complex geological conditions between the upper roadway and the passing chamber, significantly improving its applicability. This invention achieves multiple beneficial effects, including dynamic optimization of ventilation paths, reduced construction of shaft and tunnel engineering, coordinated muck removal systems, and permanent reuse of underground space, through systematically reconstructing the functions of temporary facilities during TBM tunneling. These results in significant technical, economic, and safety benefits.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation and slag chute system utilizing a TBM passing chamber, characterized in that: Using the existing upper roadway (1) and several passing chambers (4) in the TBM tunneling roadway (8), a connecting ventilation shaft (3) is constructed between the upper roadway (1) and the passing chambers (4) to connect the upper roadway (1) and the TBM tunneling roadway (8). Ventilation fans (5) are installed in the passing chambers (4) near the TBM equipment (7). As the TBM equipment (7) advances, the passing chambers (4) located on the side wall of the TBM tunneling roadway (8) are arranged in sequence at intervals. The ventilation fans (5) move forward in sequence to the passing chambers (4) near the TBM equipment (7) to form a relay dynamic ventilation system. After the ventilation task is completed, the connecting ventilation shaft (3) serves as a slag chute. Rocks generated during the excavation of the upper roadway (1) slide down through the connecting ventilation shaft (3) to the passing chamber (4), and are then transported out through the lower transportation system.

2. The ventilation and slag chute system utilizing the TBM passing chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet of the ventilation fan (5) is sealed to the corresponding connecting air shaft (3) through a rigid air duct, and the air outlet of the ventilation fan (5) delivers air to the TBM equipment (7) through a flexible air duct (6).

3. The ventilation and slag chute system for a TBM passing chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The connecting ventilation shaft (3) is a vertical or inclined passage constructed from the top plate or side wall of the corresponding passing chamber (4) to the upper roadway (1).

4. The ventilation and slag chute system utilizing the TBM passing chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that: Ventilation fans (5) are installed in two adjacent passing chambers (4) near the TBM equipment (7); the ventilation fans (5) are fixed in the corresponding passing chambers (4) by shock-absorbing bases.

5. The ventilation and slag chute system for a TBM passing chamber according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The lower transport system includes a muck loader (9) and a continuous belt conveyor (10) installed in the TBM tunneling roadway (8).

6. A method for tunnel ventilation and slag chute handling, characterized in that: The ventilation and slag chute system using the TBM passing chamber described in claim 5 is adopted.

7. The tunnel ventilation and slag chute method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: S1, selection and preparation of the passing chamber; when the tunneling distance of the TBM equipment (7) exceeds the preset threshold, causing the working face air volume to decrease to the point that it cannot meet the design requirements, the passing chamber (4) that is closest to the tail of the TBM equipment (7) and has a stable structure is selected as the forward station of the ventilation fan (5); S2. Construction of connecting ventilation shaft: Using the existing geological drilling rig or reverse drilling rig in the mine, a connecting ventilation shaft (3) is constructed from the top plate of the selected passing chamber (4) to the upper roadway (1); after the connecting ventilation shaft (3) is completed, the wall surface is sprayed with grout to reduce air resistance; S3. Relocation and installation of ventilation station; transport the ventilation fan (5) originally located in the rear roadway or shaft opening to the passing chamber (4) selected in step S1; and seal the air inlet of the ventilation fan (5) to the opening of the connecting air shaft (3) in the passing chamber (4) through a rigid air duct to ensure no air leakage; connect the air outlet of the fan to the flexible air duct (6), and extend the flexible air duct (6) along the side wall of the TBM tunneling roadway (8) to the TBM equipment; S4. Reconstruction of the airflow system; Start the ventilation fan (5), and the fresh air in the upper roadway (1) reaches the TBM tunneling face through the connecting air shaft (3), ventilation fan (5), and flexible air duct (6); S5. Dynamic relay forward movement; As the TBM equipment (7) continues to advance forward, when the working face air volume decreases again, repeat steps S1~S4 to carry out dynamic relay ventilation by cyclically moving the ventilation fan (5) forward. S6. After the ventilation task is completed, the corresponding connecting ventilation shaft (3) can be used as a slag chute. The rocks (7) produced by the excavation of the upper roadway (1) slide down to the lower passing chamber (4) through the corresponding connecting ventilation shaft (3), and then are transported out through the lower transportation system.

8. The tunnel ventilation and slag chute method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the cross-section of the TBM tunnel (8) is large, ventilation fans (5) are installed in the two adjacent passing chambers respectively, and the ventilation fans (5) supply air to the TBM tunneling face in parallel.

9. The tunnel ventilation and slag chute method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: In step S2, the connecting ventilation shaft (3) is constructed using wet drilling. The diameter of the connecting ventilation shaft (3) is 0.5~1.5m, and the vertical depth is determined according to the distance between the upper roadway (1) and the TBM tunneling roadway (8).

10. The tunnel ventilation and slag chute method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner wall of the connecting ventilation shaft (3) is supported by spiral ventilation duct, concrete spraying, anchor mesh spraying or full-section steel pipe lining, depending on the stability of the surrounding rock.

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