Water droplet-shaped tunnel sudden mud gushing escape device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a water-drop-shaped tunnel sudden mud and water gushing escape device; the escape device comprises an escape cabin, a ventilation traction rope and a traction equipment; the ventilation traction rope comprises a hollow steel wire rope and a pressure-resistant steel wire hose, the pressure-resistant steel wire hose is sleeved outside the hollow steel wire rope, a gap between the pressure-resistant steel wire hose and the hollow steel wire rope forms a double-layer ventilation path together with a core cavity of the hollow steel wire rope; one end of the ventilation traction rope is connected with the escape cabin; the hollow steel wire rope and the pressure-resistant steel wire hose are inserted into the escape cabin, the hollow steel wire rope is connected with a load-bearing structure of the escape cabin, and a pipe opening of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose is open to the escape cabin; the other end of the ventilation traction rope is connected with the traction equipment; the escape cabin is pulled by the hollow steel wire rope + outer wrapping pressure-resistant protection pipe, fresh air and medical oxygen can be continuously supplied from the safe area to the closed cabin in real time, and the escape cabin is pulled to the safe area by the steel wire rope through an external vehicle, so that the trapped personnel can actively evacuate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically relating to a teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel and underground engineering construction, when traversing fault fracture zones, karst development areas, and water-rich soft surrounding rock, mudslides and water inrushes (water inrushes) are characterized by their suddenness, high flow velocity, large sand carrying capacity, and rapid accumulation in a short period of time. They are one of the main causes of workers being trapped or even injured near the excavation face. Therefore, current construction safety regulations and industry practices require that in Class IV and above surrounding rock sections, escape channels be laid from the end of the secondary lining along the side of the initial support, with the end extending as far as possible within 20m of the excavation face. The pipes commonly used have an inner diameter of approximately φ600~φ800mm, and are mostly made of steel pipes with a wall thickness of ≥6mm or φ800×30mm ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene pipes. They are connected and fixed by means of clamps / sockets / welding, and working ropes are pre-installed inside the pipes for communication and towing.

[0003] However, the existing escape routes mentioned above are essentially still based on the "open circular pipe" concept, which exposes several common defects when facing the combined situation of sudden mud and water inrush: (1) The pipes are mostly circular in cross section and are in a semi-open / unreliable closed state. The mud and water mixture from the collapse of the working face can easily flow into the inside of the channel from the port or gap, turning the circular pipe, which should be a "dry escape space", into a mud and water channel, seriously threatening the breathing and movement space of the refugees. (2) Circular cross-section line contact, easy to roll, under the combined action of slag and water flow, it is easy to float, deviate or be buried, and after the port is raised / overturned, it is even more difficult to be found and connected; (3) The utilization rate of the entrance section and the internal clearance is limited. The φ600~φ800mm round pipe can only accommodate people crawling at a time, and the accumulation of mud and sand will further compress the effective passage height, making it difficult for the injured to evacuate in coordination. (4) The pipe section connection is still mainly mechanically locked, which poses a risk of misalignment under dynamic load impact and uneven settlement; (5) The working conditions inside the tunnel are complex, and emergency supplies are scattered in the working face, the entrance and other parts. If too many rescue supplies are stored in the narrow space of the escape passage, it will hinder the evacuation of personnel. In addition, some lighting equipment is electrical and will be damaged and malfunction under the mixture of mud and water, which will increase the difficulty of escape.

[0004] In other words, existing escape tunnels primarily address "survival through tunnels under collapse and compression," but lack specific structural responses to the unique chain of "inflow-siltation-burial-buoyancy instability" inherent in sudden mudslides and water inrushes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the problems of traditional circular escape pipes being prone to water ingress, displacement, slow personnel evacuation, lack of continuous oxygen supply, and only static safety features in tunnel mudslides and water inrushes.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: a teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device, comprising an escape chamber, an air-supplying traction rope, and a traction device; The escape pod has a smooth curved shape that is full in the middle and gradually tapers at both ends; the sides of the escape pod have doorways for people to enter and exit and are connected to hatches; The air supply traction rope includes a hollow steel wire rope and a pressure-resistant steel wire hose, with the pressure-resistant steel wire hose sleeved over the hollow steel wire rope. The inner diameter of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow steel wire rope, and the gap between the pressure-resistant steel wire hose and the hollow steel wire rope, together with the core cavity of the hollow steel wire rope, forms a double-layer ventilation path. One end of the air supply traction rope is connected to the escape pod; a hollow steel wire rope and a pressure-resistant steel wire hose are inserted into the escape pod. The hollow steel wire rope is connected to the load-bearing structure of the escape pod, and the outer wall of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose is sealed to the escape pod. The opening of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose is open to the inside of the escape pod. The other end of the air supply traction rope is connected to the traction equipment; the hollow steel wire rope is connected to the load-bearing structure of the traction equipment, and the pressure-resistant steel wire hose is connected to the air supply system.

[0007] Furthermore, the escape capsule includes an escape capsule shell and back ribs and back longitudinal ribs on the inner wall of the escape capsule shell; the back ribs and back longitudinal ribs are arranged intersectingly in two directions, longitudinal and transverse, to form a supporting frame; the back ribs and back longitudinal ribs are perpendicular to the inner wall of the escape capsule shell; the back ribs and back longitudinal ribs are welded together, and the back ribs and back longitudinal ribs are welded to the escape capsule shell; door openings are reserved in the escape capsule shell, the back ribs and back longitudinal ribs.

[0008] Furthermore, the hatch is connected to the escape pod shell by an outward-opening hinge, and the outer wall of the hatch matches the contour of the escape pod shell; the edge of the hatch extends outward relative to the door opening of the escape pod shell, and the inner wall of the hatch is provided with a hatch rib that fits into the door opening of the escape pod shell, and a hatch rubber sealing ring is provided at the fit between the hatch rib and the door opening.

[0009] Furthermore, the escape pod is equipped with an interior floor, on which are distributed box-shaped interior seats. The seat panels of the interior seats are openable box lids, and the interior seats are used to store supplies.

[0010] Furthermore, a traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring is provided between the pressure-resistant steel wire hose and the escape capsule shell, and the traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring is nested in the escape capsule shell.

[0011] Furthermore, the escape pod's hull is teardrop-shaped or spindle-shaped.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. Differences in core structure and emergency rescue mode: Traditional rigid escape pipes are mostly steel / polyethylene rigid straight pipes, which are fixedly embedded in the tunnel sidewalls and the sides of the invert arch. They are fixed static refuge channels. Once mudslides, water surges, or collapses occur, trapped people can only crawl into the nearest pre-embedded pipe to avoid danger. The pipe is fixed in position and cannot be moved. This invention relates to a method of traction and towing using hollow, pressure-resistant steel wire ropes. It can be pre-positioned near the working face so that personnel can quickly enter the cabin for refuge in case of an emergency; or, after a landslide and flooding block the escape route, an external vehicle can use the steel wire rope to tow the escape cabin to a safe area, enabling trapped personnel to evacuate voluntarily.

[0013] 2. Advantages in shape and structure: Traditional circular straight pipe escape pipelines have a large frontal stress area under the impact of mudslides and high-pressure water surges, making them prone to pipe deformation, crushing, displacement by mudslides, and joint failure. The water droplet streamlined chamber has a tapered narrowing structure at the front end, which can divert the impact force of mud and sand and high-pressure water flow, greatly reducing the frontal impact load. It is not easy to be flattened or washed away by mudslides. Under high water pressure and high flow conditions, its structural stability is far superior to that of rigid straight pipes.

[0014] 3. Mud and sand are less likely to accumulate and block entrances and exits: In the event of a mudslide disaster, traditional pipe openings are easily buried and blocked by mud, making it impossible for personnel to enter or exit; the teardrop-shaped streamline can guide the mud and sand to flow to both sides of the cabin, effectively preventing the cabin door from being buried by mud in an instant, and ensuring that personnel can quickly enter and exit to avoid danger.

[0015] 4. Higher passenger capacity and better safety experience: Conventional escape tunnels have an inner diameter of 600-800mm, allowing only one person to crawl through them. They can only accommodate a small number of people to evacuate in sections at a time, and prolonged confinement can easily cause panic, hypoxia, and exhaustion. This escape pod can accommodate 8-10 people at a time. It is equipped with seats, allowing people to avoid danger while seated, which greatly reduces the physical exertion of being trapped for a long time. Multiple people can avoid crowding, trampling, panic, and conflict when evacuating at the same time, making it suitable for emergency evacuation of the entire crew at the working face.

[0016] 5. Integrated configuration of emergency supplies: Rescue supplies are uniformly stored under the seats inside the cabin, including first aid kits, drinking water, food, lighting, communication equipment, etc.; traditional escape tunnels are just hollow passages with basically no space for storing supporting supplies, and trapped personnel can only carry a small number of emergency items with them, resulting in extremely poor survival ability if trapped for a long time.

[0017] 6. Built-in long-distance ventilation guarantee: Traditional escape tunnels are sealed rigid passages. Once both ends are blocked by landslides or silt, the air inside the tunnel is limited, which can easily lead to oxygen deficiency and is the biggest safety hazard in tunnel evacuation. This escape capsule uses hollow steel wire ropes and external pressure-resistant protective pipes for traction, which can continuously deliver fresh air and medical oxygen from the safe area to the sealed capsule in real time. This can not only maintain the breathing of trapped personnel, but also replace harmful gases in the capsule. Even if the capsule is completely buried and sealed by silt, it can ensure the life oxygen supply of the personnel inside for a long time, greatly extending the golden rescue time.

[0018] 7. Towing and dragging enables mobile evacuation, breaking through the limitation of fixed pipelines that "can only hide, cannot move": Traditional escape pipelines can only serve as temporary shelters. Trapped personnel can only wait for external machinery to excavate and open the pipeline before they can be rescued. The waiting period is long and the risk of secondary collapse is extremely high. This escape pod can be towed as a whole by steel cables: when the danger is under control, the external travel equipment can directly tow the pod, which is full of people, from the dangerous working face to the supported safe tunnel section; even if a large area of ​​the working face collapses and blocks the tunnel, the pod can be buried in the silt as a sealed rescue pod, relying on continuous oxygen supply to wait for precise towing and rescue, avoiding long-term exposure of trapped personnel to the risk of secondary collapse and water inrush.

[0019] 8. Advantages in protective and airtight safety performance: The cabin is equipped with a sealed door, which can completely prevent water, mud, sand, and toxic and harmful gases from entering the cabin when closed; it is difficult to completely seal the pipe joints between traditional escape pipes, and high-pressure mud and harmful gases can easily seep into the pipes from the joints, causing casualties; the teardrop-shaped integral pressure-bearing shell structure has better resistance to lateral rock compression and falling rock impact than segmented rigid escape pipes, which are prone to misalignment and breakage at the joints under the pressure of surrounding rock, resulting in overall failure. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 An isometric view of a teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device; Figure 2 A front view of a teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device; Figure 3 A side view of a teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device; Figure 4 Assembly isometric drawing of the stiffening ribs for the cabin; Figure 5 This is a side view rendering of the interior of the escape pod. Figure 6 This is a frontal rendering of the interior of the escape pod. Figure 7 Here is a cross-sectional view of the air supply traction rope; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rubber sealing ring for the traction air supply rope.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Escape pod shell; 2-Air supply traction rope; 3-Indoor seat; 4-Door; 5-Rib cross rib; 6-Rib longitudinal rib; 7-Door hinge; 8-Indoor floor plate; 9-Door rib plate; 10-Door rubber sealing ring; 11-Pressure-resistant steel wire hose; 12-Hollow steel wire rope; 13-Traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown: A teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device, comprising: an escape chamber, an air-supplying traction rope 2, and traction equipment; The escape pod has a smooth curved shape that is full in the middle and gradually tapers at both ends; the escape pod has a doorway on the side for people to enter and exit and is connected to a hatch 4; The air supply traction rope 2 includes a hollow steel wire rope 12 and a pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11. The pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 is a PVC pipe with steel wire reinforcement. The pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 is sleeved on the outside of the hollow steel wire rope 12. The inner diameter of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow steel wire rope 12. The gap between the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 and the hollow steel wire rope 12 and the core cavity of the hollow steel wire rope 12 form a double-layer ventilation path. One end of the air supply traction rope 2 is connected to the escape cabin; the hollow steel wire rope 12 and the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 are inserted into the escape cabin. The hollow steel wire rope 12 is connected to the load-bearing structure of the escape cabin. The outer wall of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 is sealed with the escape cabin. The opening of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 is open to the inside of the escape cabin. The other end of the air supply traction rope 2 is connected to the traction equipment; the hollow steel wire rope 12 is connected to the load-bearing structure of the traction equipment, and the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 is connected to the air supply system.

[0024] The escape pod shell 1 is teardrop-shaped or spindle-shaped. In this embodiment, the teardrop shape is used as an example. The pointed end of the teardrop-shaped escape pod shell 1 faces the tunnel face, and the round end (dragging end) faces the tunnel opening face. The round end has a reserved hole for threading the air supply traction rope 2. The streamlined pointed end can divert mud and water, reduce impact resistance, and reduce drag resistance.

[0025] like Figure 4As shown: The escape capsule includes an escape capsule shell 1 and back ribs 5 and 6 on the inner wall of the escape capsule shell 1. The back ribs 5 and 6 are arranged intersectingly in two directions, longitudinal and transverse, to form a supporting frame. The back ribs 5 and 6 are perpendicular to the inner wall of the escape capsule shell 1. The back ribs 5 and 6 are welded together and connected to the escape capsule shell 1. The escape capsule shell 1 is assembled and welded in sections using sheet metal processing. The back ribs 5 and 6 are made of steel plates with the same thickness. The thickness side of the back ribs 5 and 6 is welded to the escape capsule shell 1. Door openings are reserved in the escape capsule shell 1, the back ribs 5 and 6.

[0026] The hollow steel wire rope 12 in the air supply traction rope 2 is anchored to the back rib 5 by a P-shaped anchor and an anchor plate at the inner end of the cabin.

[0027] like Figure 8 As shown: A traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring 13 is provided between the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 and the escape cabin shell 1. The traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring 13 is nested in the escape cabin shell 1. The traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring 13 increases the sealing between the pressure-resistant steel wire hose 11 and the escape cabin shell 1, which is used to prevent external mud and water from entering the escape cabin.

[0028] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown: The hatch 4 is connected to the escape pod shell 1 by an outward-opening hinge. The outer wall of the hatch 4 matches the contour of the escape pod shell 1. The edge of the hatch 4 extends outward relative to the door opening of the escape pod shell 1. The inner wall of the hatch 4 is provided with a hatch rib plate 9 that fits into the door opening of the escape pod shell 1. A hatch rubber sealing ring 10 is provided at the fit between the hatch rib plate 9 and the door opening. After the hatch 4 is closed, the hatch rubber sealing ring 10 is squeezed between the hatch rib plate 9 and the door opening, so as to achieve complete sealing of the pod and prevent mud and water from seeping into the pod.

[0029] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown: The escape pod is equipped with an internal floor plate 8, which is welded and fixed to the escape pod shell 1, the back ribs 5, and the back ribs 6. Box-type interior seats 3 are distributed on the internal floor plate 8. The seat panels of the interior seats 3 are openable box lids, and the interior seats 3 are used for storing supplies. The interior seats 3 are box-shaped structures welded from four steel plates. The bottoms of the steel plates are welded to the internal floor plate 8, and the seat panels are connected to one of the steel plates via hinges.

[0030] The emergency rescue supplies that are always kept in seat 3 of the cabin are small, conventional supplies such as oxygen cylinders, drinking water, food, and medicine, which can be accessed by opening the seat panel when needed.

[0031] This invention specifically addresses the shortcomings of traditional circular escape pipes in tunnel mudslides and water inrushes, such as susceptibility to water ingress and displacement, slow personnel evacuation, lack of continuous oxygen supply, and static evacuation capability. The teardrop-shaped streamlined chamber diverts the impact of mud and water flow, resulting in stronger overall pressure resistance and compression resistance. The hollow steel wire rope serves a dual purpose of traction and ventilation / oxygen supply, continuously replacing air even when the chamber is buried by mud. The built-in box-shaped integrated seat can accommodate 8-10 people in a seated position for evacuation, and contains a complete set of emergency supplies including oxygen, drinking water, and medicine. The device can be pre-positioned at the tunnel face and, in the event of an emergency, can be towed to a safe support section by external equipment, avoiding the risk of secondary collapse. The sealed, airtight door isolates mud, water, and toxic gases. It boasts advantages such as strong structural stability, high personnel carrying capacity, long evacuation time, mobile evacuation capability, and comprehensive safety protection, significantly reducing the risk of injury or death to workers during tunnel mudslides and water inrushes, resulting in outstanding safety benefits.

[0032] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device, characterized in that, include: Escape pod, air-supported tow rope (2) and towing equipment; The outer shell of the escape pod is a smooth curved shape that is full in the middle and gradually tapers at both ends; the side of the escape pod has a doorway for people to enter and exit and is connected to a hatch (4). The air supply traction rope (2) includes a hollow steel wire rope (12) and a pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11). The pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) is sleeved on the outside of the hollow steel wire rope (12). The inner diameter of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) is larger than the outer diameter of the hollow steel wire rope (12). The gap between the pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) and the hollow steel wire rope (12) and the core cavity of the hollow steel wire rope (12) form a double-layer ventilation path. One end of the air supply traction rope (2) is connected to the escape cabin; the hollow steel wire rope (12) and the pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) are inserted into the escape cabin. The hollow steel wire rope (12) is connected to the load-bearing structure of the escape cabin. The outer wall of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) is sealed to the escape cabin. The opening of the pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) is open to the escape cabin. The other end of the air supply traction rope (2) is connected to the traction equipment; the hollow steel wire rope (12) is connected to the load-bearing structure of the traction equipment; and the pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) is connected to the air supply system.

2. The teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The escape pod includes an escape pod shell (1) and back ribs (5) and back ribs (6) on the inner wall of the escape pod shell (1). The back ribs (5) and back ribs (6) are arranged in two directions, one along the longitudinal axis and the other along the transverse axis, to form a support frame. The back ribs (5) and back ribs (6) are perpendicular to the inner wall of the escape pod shell (1). The back ribs (5) and back ribs (6) are welded together, and the back ribs (5) and back ribs (6) are welded to the escape pod shell (1). Door openings are reserved in the escape pod shell (1), the back ribs (5) and the back ribs (6).

3. The teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hatch (4) is connected to the escape pod shell (1) by an outwardly opening hinge. The outer wall of the hatch (4) matches the outline of the escape pod shell (1). The edge of the hatch (4) extends outward relative to the door opening of the escape pod shell (1). The inner wall of the hatch (4) is provided with a hatch rib (9) that fits into the door opening of the escape pod shell (1). A hatch rubber sealing ring (10) is provided at the fit between the hatch rib (9) and the door opening.

4. The teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The escape pod is equipped with an inner floor plate (8), on which are distributed box-type inner seats (3). The seat plate of the inner seat (3) is an openable box cover, and the inner seat (3) is used to store supplies.

5. The teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure-resistant steel wire hose (11) is lined with a traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring (13) between it and the escape capsule shell (1), and the traction air supply rope rubber sealing ring (13) is nested in the escape capsule shell (1).

6. The teardrop-shaped tunnel mudslide and water inrush escape device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The escape pod shell (1) is teardrop-shaped or spindle-shaped.

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