Anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade and forming method

Abstract

The application discloses an anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind power blade and a forming method, and belongs to the technical field of wind power blade structure design. The wind power blade comprises a root section, a main beam, a sandwich core material, an inner skin and an outer skin. The root section is internally provided with multiple rings of axially-through embedded bolt sleeves for fastening connection with a hub flange. The main beam extends along the blade span direction and bears the main bending load. The sandwich core material is filled in the inner side of the main beam, and the inner skin and the outer skin cover the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the main beam respectively. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind power blade and the forming method are used to realize the triple effects of the root circumferential pre-pressing anti-delamination, the core material flow-guiding anti-debonding and the main beam load-releasing anti-fatigue, and significantly improve the service life and the structural reliability of the blade in the high-wind-sand and large-temperature-difference environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind turbine blade structural design technology, and in particular to an anti-delamination, wear-resistant wind turbine blade and its forming method. Background Technology

[0002] As wind power development expands into wind-rich areas such as the Gobi Desert and other arid regions, the operating environment for wind turbine blades is becoming increasingly harsh. Existing megawatt-class wind turbine blades mostly employ glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite laminate structures. Under the combined effects of long-term alternating loads and wind and sand erosion, they mainly exhibit two types of prominent failure problems: Firstly, the blade root region, as the connection point between the blade and the hub, bears the greatest bending and torsional loads. Large interlaminar tensile stresses are easily generated within the laminated structure, making it prone to delamination cracks under long-term alternating loads, which can then propagate and ultimately lead to blade root structural failure. This region is a high-risk area for blade fatigue failure. Existing solutions often increase strength by increasing the thickness of the blade root ply, which not only increases the blade's weight but also fails to suppress the delamination tendency at the source of the load.

[0003] Secondly, the Gobi Desert is characterized by high dust content and high wind speeds. Long-term erosion by sand and dust can easily cause wear on the skin coating and erosion of the substrate material. At the same time, dust and water vapor can easily penetrate into the interior through micro-defects in the skin, causing debonding at the interface between the skin and the core material, further deteriorating the blade's structural performance. Existing solutions mostly only add a wear-resistant coating to the blade surface, lacking an internal drainage mechanism. Once the skin is damaged, the accumulation of dust and water vapor can quickly lead to internal structural failure.

[0004] In addition, as the main load-bearing structure of the blade, the pultruded main beam is prone to stress concentration at the interface of the multi-layer plate stack, which is also a high-incidence location of delamination failure. There is a lack of targeted structural optimization in the existing technology.

[0005] In summary, existing wind turbine blades cannot simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of blade root anti-delamination, main body anti-wind and sand abrasion, and main beam anti-stress concentration, and lack supporting integrated molding technology, making it difficult to adapt to the long-term stable operation requirements of high wind and sand and large temperature difference areas such as the Gobi Desert in Northwest China. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade and its forming method, which achieves the triple effect of circumferential pre-compression at the blade root to prevent delamination, flow guidance of the core material to prevent debonding, and stress relief and fatigue resistance of the main beam, thereby significantly improving the service life and structural reliability of the blade in high wind and sand and large temperature difference environments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade, comprising a blade root section, a main beam, a sandwich core material, an inner skin, and an outer skin; the blade root section has multiple axially continuous pre-embedded bolt sleeves for fastening to the hub flange; the main beam extends along the blade spanwise and bears the main bending load; the sandwich core material fills the inner side of the main beam structure, and the inner skin and outer skin cover the inner and outer sides of the main beam, respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the outer wall of the blade root section is surrounded by at least one annular flexible pressure-bearing hoop. The flexible pressure-bearing hoop is formed by alternating layers of rubber matrix and reinforcing fiber cloth through vulcanization. It has a set elastic shrinkage amount. After being installed, it continuously applies uniform radial compressive stress to the outer wall of the blade root section, directly offsetting the tensile stress generated between the blade root layers when the blade is under load, and inhibiting the initiation of delamination cracks from the root of the load.

[0009] Preferably, the inner wall of the flexible pressure-bearing hoop is provided with annular anti-slip teeth to increase the friction with the outer wall of the blade root; the outer wall of the blade root section is provided with annular limiting bosses at the upper and lower edges corresponding to the flexible pressure-bearing hoop, which doubly restricts the axial slippage of the flexible pressure-bearing hoop and ensures the stability of the pre-compression position.

[0010] Preferably, the flexible pressure-bearing hoop is covered with a snap-on, detachable sand-proof and wear-resistant protective sleeve. The sand-proof and wear-resistant protective sleeve covers the outer surface of the flexible pressure-bearing hoop and the gaps at the upper and lower end faces, preventing Gobi wind and sand from invading the gaps between the blade roots, while also facilitating operation, maintenance, and replacement.

[0011] Preferably, the outer surface of the outer skin is provided with a thickened wear-resistant and sand-proof coating, which is uniformly covered along the direction of the guide groove, forming the first protective barrier on the surface and improving the overall wind and sand erosion resistance of the blade.

[0012] Preferably, the core material has crisscrossing drainage grooves on both sides. The drainage grooves include continuous long grooves extending along the chord direction of the blade and discontinuous short grooves extending along the span direction of the blade. The long grooves and the short grooves are interconnected to form a full-area drainage network. When the skin is slightly damaged, the intruding sand and water vapor can be discharged in an orderly manner along the grooves to the edge of the blade, avoiding the accumulation on the surface of the core material and causing interface debonding, thus constructing a second internal protective barrier.

[0013] Preferably, the spacing of the guide grooves is set along the blade span according to the load gradient: the groove spacing in the high-load area of ​​the blade root section is smaller to ensure structural rigidity; the groove spacing in the low-load area of ​​the blade tip is larger to maximize weight reduction and flow guidance, achieving a balance between mechanical performance and lightweighting.

[0014] Preferably, the main beam is a pultruded main beam, which is made of multiple layers of pultruded fiberglass boards laminated and bonded together. Each layer of pultruded fiberglass board has continuous arc transition stress relief grooves on both sides, which can disperse the interlayer interface stress, alleviate the stress concentration problem after the multi-layer boards are stacked, and improve the fatigue delamination resistance of the main beam. The stress relief grooves of adjacent pultruded fiberglass boards are staggered along the blade span, which avoids stress superposition on the same cross section and further reduces the interlayer peak stress.

[0015] Preferably, the inner wall of the leaf root section is lined with a frost-resistant fiberglass layer to increase the crack resistance of the inner wall of the leaf root under temperature difference cycling conditions, making it suitable for the working conditions of large day-night temperature differences in Northwest China.

[0016] This invention also provides a method for molding an anti-delamination, wear-resistant wind turbine blade, comprising the following steps: S1. Precast component preparation: Cut the sandwich core material according to the blade model, and use CNC milling to process crisscrossing guide grooves on both sides of the core material. After cleaning up the debris, it is ready for use. Cut pultruded fiberglass boards of a set size, process arc transition stress relief grooves on both sides, stack and bond them according to the interlayer staggered rule, and pre-cur them to form the pultruded main beam. Assemble the multi-ring pre-embedded bolt sleeves into a whole by using positioning tooling, and at the same time install the limiting boss forming insert at the corresponding position of the blade root mold. S2. Mold Layup and Assembly: On the surface of the blade under mold after cleaning and spraying release agent, lay out the outer skin fiberglass fabric, the prefabricated sandwich core material, the pultruded main beam, and the inner skin fiberglass fabric in sequence; during layup, ensure that the core material guide groove faces the outer skin, and the pultruded main beam unloading groove is staggered and aligned along the spanwise direction; additionally lay anti-freeze fiberglass fabric on the inner wall of the blade root section, and install the pre-embedded bolt sleeve positioning fixture; S3. Vacuum Infusion Molding: Lay out the flow guide net, release cloth, vacuum bag, and vacuum auxiliary material. After sealing the mold, evacuate to the set vacuum level and hold the pressure for inspection. Infuse the epoxy resin matrix. The resin impregnates the fiberglass fabric under vacuum and flows rapidly along the core material guide groove to improve the uniformity of impregnation. Cure according to the curing regime to complete the integral molding of the blade body. S4. Post-processing and functional component installation: After demolding, the blade is trimmed and polished, and the blade root end face and bolt holes are machined; the annular flexible bearing hoop is fitted between the limiting bosses on the outer wall of the blade root section using a hot fitting method to ensure the set preload force; a sand-proof and wear-resistant protective sleeve is snapped on the outside of the flexible bearing hoop; finally, a thickened wear-resistant and sand-proof coating is evenly sprayed on the outer skin surface of the blade, and the finished blade is obtained after curing at room temperature.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade and molding method, and the technical effects are as follows: 1) Multiple anti-delamination measures significantly improve structural reliability: Radial prestress is applied by the annular flexible bearing hoop at the blade root, which directly offsets the alternating tensile stress between the blade root layers, suppressing delamination from the source of the load; combined with the arc-shaped stress relief grooves arranged in a staggered manner on the side of the pultruded main beam, the interlayer interface stress is dispersed, avoiding delamination of the main beam caused by stress concentration; thus achieving dual anti-delamination protection of the blade root and the main beam, the fatigue life of the blade is greatly improved.

[0018] 2) Internal and external synergistic protection enhances the systemic ability to resist wind and sand; the thickened wear-resistant and sand-proof coating of the outer skin forms the first surface barrier to resist direct erosion by wind and sand; the full-area drainage grooves of the core material form the second internal drainage barrier, so that even if the skin is slightly damaged, the intruding sand and water vapor can be discharged in an orderly manner to avoid interface debonding; the two work together to solve the problems of surface wear and internal failure caused by wind and sand in the Gobi wind field.

[0019] 3) Balance between lightweight and mechanical properties: The grooved core material reduces the weight of the blade while ensuring the rigidity of the shell structure. The pultruded main beam ensures high bending load capacity. While improving anti-delamination and wear resistance, it does not add too much structural weight, thus balancing the aerodynamic performance and structural efficiency of the blade.

[0020] 4) Strong adaptability to extreme environments: The blade root anti-freezing and heave-reinforcing fiberglass layer, weather-resistant flexible pressure-bearing hoop, and wide-temperature-range wear-resistant coating work together to adapt to environments with large temperature differences of -40℃ to 60℃, as well as complex working conditions such as strong winds, sandstorms, and high wind speeds, thus expanding the environmental applicability range of the blades.

[0021] 5) Good process compatibility and easy to mass-produce and promote; the blade body adopts the industry-standard vacuum infusion process for one-piece molding, and the core material guide groove can also assist resin flow, improve impregnation quality, and reduce glue shortage defects; the flexible pressure bearing hoop and sandproof sleeve adopt a post-installation design, which is convenient for installation and maintenance; the overall process does not require large-scale modification of existing production lines and is easy to promote and apply on a large scale.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of a molding method for an anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure Labels 1. Leaf root section; 2. Leaf tip; 3. Flexible pressure bearing hoop; 4. Outer skin; 5. Inner skin; 6. Sandwich core material; 7. Main beam; 8. Long groove; 9. Short groove. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0027] Example 1 This embodiment provides an anti-delamination, wear-resistant wind turbine blade suitable for 3-6MW onshore wind turbines in high-wind-sand and large-temperature-difference areas such as the Gobi Desert and other arid regions in Northwest China. It is designed to withstand ambient temperatures ranging from -40℃ to 60℃. Figure 1 As shown, the blade as a whole comprises, along its span, the root segment 1, the blade body, and the tip 2; the tangential cross-section of the blade body is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the core load-bearing structure is composed of the main beam 7, the sandwich core material 6, the outer skin 4, and the inner skin 5.

[0028] The blade root section 1 is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite laminate structure. Two axially embedded metal bolt sleeves are pre-embedded circumferentially inside, with the bolt sleeves evenly arranged according to a predetermined pitch circle for fastening to the hub flange. Two annular flexible pressure-bearing clamps 3 are fitted around the outer wall of the blade root section 1, spaced 150-200mm apart along the blade root axial direction. Each flexible pressure-bearing clamp 3 is formed by alternating layers of nitrile rubber matrix and aramid fiber cloth, vulcanized, comprising three layers of rubber matrix and two layers of fiber cloth. The inner diameter of the pressure-bearing clamp is 1.5%-2% smaller than the outer diameter at the corresponding position on the blade root. After being fitted using a heat-fitting process, it can continuously apply a uniform radial compressive stress of 5-8 MPa to the outer wall of the blade root, directly offsetting the tensile stress generated between the blade roots when the blade is under load, thus inhibiting the initiation of delamination cracks from the root of the load.

[0029] The inner wall of the flexible bearing hoop 3 is provided with continuous annular anti-slip teeth, which can increase the static friction with the outer wall of the blade root. The outer wall of the blade root section 1 has an annular limiting boss with a height of 2mm integrally formed corresponding to the upper and lower edges of each flexible bearing hoop 3. The anti-slip teeth and the limiting boss provide double constraints to prevent the bearing hoop from axially sliding under alternating loads and vibrations, ensuring the long-term stability of the preload position.

[0030] The flexible pressure-bearing hoop 3 is covered with a snap-on, detachable sand-proof and wear-resistant protective sleeve. The sleeve is made of highly wear-resistant polyurethane material and completely covers the outer surface of the pressure-bearing hoop and the connection gap between the upper and lower end faces and the blade root, preventing Gobi wind and sand from intruding into the gaps between the blade root layers. It can be removed and replaced separately during maintenance without disassembling the main blade body. The inner wall of the blade root section 1 is lined with a layer of biaxial fiberglass fabric for frost heave prevention, with a surface density of 300 g / m³. 2 It can improve the crack resistance of the inner wall of the blade root under large temperature difference cycling environment and alleviate the interlayer thermal stress caused by the temperature difference between day and night.

[0031] Main beam 7 is a pultruded main beam, arranged continuously along the blade span, and is divided into suction-side main beam and pressure-side main beam, serving as the main bending-bearing component of the blade. Each main beam 7 is composed of 10-12 layers of pultruded fiberglass sheets, each layer being 5mm thick. Each layer of pultruded fiberglass sheet has continuous arc-shaped stress-relieving grooves on both sides, with a radius of 2mm and a depth of 1mm. The stress-relieving grooves of adjacent layers of pultruded fiberglass sheets are staggered along the blade span, with a stagger distance equal to half the spacing between individual stress-relieving grooves. This disperses interlayer interface stress, prevents stress superposition at the same cross-section, reduces the peak interlayer stress of the main beam by approximately 18%, and significantly improves the fatigue delamination resistance of the main beam.

[0032] The sandwich core material 6 is made of PVC foam and fills the inner area of ​​the shell between the two main beams 7. It is at the same thickness level as the main beams 7 and together they form the load-bearing core layer of the blade shell. Both sides of the sandwich core material 6 are provided with crisscrossing flow-guiding grooves. The flow-guiding grooves include continuous long grooves 8 extending along the chord direction of the blade and discontinuous short grooves 9 extending along the spanwise direction of the blade. The long grooves 8 and the short grooves 9 are interconnected to form a full-area flow-guiding network covering the entire surface of the core material. The long grooves 8 have a depth of 3 mm and a width of 5 mm; the short grooves 9 have the same depth as the long grooves and a width of 4 mm. The interval between adjacent short grooves 9 is 200 mm.

[0033] The spacing of the guide grooves is set along the blade span according to the load gradient: in the high load area near the blade root, the spacing of the chordal long grooves 8 is 60mm to ensure the structural rigidity of the core material; in the low load area at the blade tip, the spacing of the chordal long grooves 8 is increased to 120mm to maximize the weight reduction effect and guide capacity, achieving a balance between lightweight and protective performance while ensuring structural strength.

[0034] When the outer skin 4 suffers minor damage due to wind and sand erosion, the intruding sand and water vapor can be discharged in an orderly manner along the guide grooves towards the leading and trailing edges and tips of the blade, avoiding accumulation on the core material surface and causing skin debonding, thus constructing a second internal protective barrier. At the same time, during the vacuum injection molding stage, the guide grooves can serve as resin flow channels, accelerating resin wetting along the tangential and longitudinal directions, reducing the lack of glue at the core material interface, and improving molding quality.

[0035] The outer skin 4 completely covers the outer surfaces of the main beam 7 and the sandwich core material 6, forming the aerodynamic shape of the blade; the inner skin 5 completely covers the inner surfaces of the main beam 7 and the sandwich core material 6, facing the internal cavity of the blade. The outer surface of the outer skin 4 is provided with a thickened wear-resistant and sand-resistant coating. The coating is made of weather-resistant polyurethane material with a thickness of 0.8~1.2mm, which is uniformly covered along the blade surface, forming the first protective barrier on the surface, which can increase the blade surface's resistance to wind and sand erosion by 2~3 times.

[0036] Example 2 This invention also provides a molding method for anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blades, the process flow of which is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Precast component preparation; Core material prefabrication: Cut PVC foam sandwich core material 6 according to the three-dimensional digital model of the blade, and use a five-axis CNC milling machine to process crisscrossing long grooves 8 and short grooves 9 on both sides of the core material; after processing, use compressed air to blow away foam debris in the grooves, clean the surface and set it aside.

[0037] Main beam prefabrication: Cut glass fiber pultruded sheets to a set length, and use milling equipment to process arc transition stress relief grooves on both sides of each pultruded sheet; stack multiple layers of pultruded glass fiber sheets according to the interlayer staggered arrangement rule, bond them with epoxy structural adhesive, and then send them into an oven for pre-curing to make pultruded main beam 7 for later use.

[0038] Pre-embedded parts preparation: Two rings of pre-embedded bolt sleeves are fixed into a whole by high-precision positioning fixtures to ensure that the pitch circle diameter and bolt spacing meet the design tolerance; at the same time, a limiting boss forming insert is attached to the corresponding position of the blade root mold to form an annular limiting boss on the outer wall of the blade root after curing.

[0039] S2, mold layup and assembly; Clean the mold cavity under the blade and spray a release agent evenly. Then, lay the following layers in sequence from the outside to the inside: outer skin fiberglass fabric, flow guide net, prefabricated sandwich core material 6 and pultruded main beam 7, and inner skin fiberglass fabric. During the layering process, ensure that the side of the sandwich core material 6 with the flow guide groove faces the outer skin 4, and that the stress relief grooves of each layer of the pultruded main beam 7 are staggered and aligned along the spanwise direction. Lay an additional layer of anti-freeze fiberglass fabric on the inner wall of the blade root section to form an anti-freeze fiberglass layer. Finally, install the pre-embedded bolt sleeve positioning fixture to fix the position of the pre-embedded parts.

[0040] S3, Vacuum injection molding; Vacuum auxiliary materials such as release cloth, flow guide net, vacuum bag film, and sealing strips are laid out. The vacuum system is connected and the vacuum level is evacuated to ≤-95kPa. The pressure is held for 30 minutes, and the leakage rate is ≤5kPa, which is considered qualified. Then, the epoxy resin matrix is ​​poured in. The resin flows rapidly along the core material guide groove under vacuum, uniformly wetting the interface between the fiberglass fabric and the core material. After pouring, the curing is carried out according to the curing regime: the temperature is increased to 80℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min and held for 2 hours; then the temperature is increased to 120℃ at the same rate and held for 4 hours; then the furnace is cooled to room temperature to complete the integral molding of the blade body.

[0041] S4. Post-processing and functional component installation; After demolding, the burrs on the blades are removed, the surface is polished and trimmed, and the blade root end face and bolt holes are machined using CNC machine tools to ensure connection accuracy and flatness.

[0042] The ring-shaped flexible bearing hoop 3 is installed using a hot fitting process: the bearing hoop is heated to 80~100℃ to expand its inner diameter, and quickly fitted between the two limiting bosses on the outer wall of the blade root section 1. After cooling and shrinking, it generates a stable radial pre-compression stress.

[0043] Install a sand-proof and wear-resistant protective sleeve on the outer side of the flexible pressure-bearing hoop 3 to ensure a complete seal of the joint gap.

[0044] Finally, a thickened wear-resistant and sand-proof coating is evenly sprayed onto the outer skin 4 surface of the blade, and the finished blade is obtained after curing at room temperature for 24 hours.

[0045] The wind turbine blade provided by this invention, through a dual design of circumferential pre-stressing at the blade root and stress relief grooves in the main beam, reduces interlayer tensile stress at the blade root by more than 60%, reduces peak interlayer stress in the main beam by 18%, and increases blade fatigue life by 30%. Through the synergistic protection of a wear-resistant surface coating and internal guide grooves, the blade's service life in sandstorm environments is increased by more than two times, effectively adapting to the harsh operating environment of the Gobi Desert wind farms in Northwest China. Simultaneously, the molding process is compatible with industry-standard vacuum infusion production lines, requiring no large-scale equipment modifications and facilitating large-scale deployment.

[0046] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade and molding method, which has a simple structure and achieves the triple effect of blade root circumferential pre-compression to prevent delamination, core material flow guidance to prevent debonding, and main beam stress relief to prevent fatigue, which significantly improves the service life and structural reliability of the blade in high wind and sand and large temperature difference environments.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind turbine blade with anti-delamination and wear resistance, characterized in that: It includes a blade root section, a main beam, a sandwich core material, an inner skin, and an outer skin; the blade root section has multiple axially continuous pre-embedded bolt sleeves for fastening to the hub flange; the main beam extends along the blade spanwise; the sandwich core material fills the inner side of the main beam, and the inner skin and outer skin cover the inner and outer sides of the main beam, respectively.

2. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the leaf root section is surrounded by at least one annular flexible pressure-bearing hoop, which is formed by alternating layers of rubber matrix and reinforcing fiber cloth through vulcanization.

3. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the flexible pressure-bearing hoop is provided with annular anti-slip teeth, and the outer wall of the leaf root section is provided with annular limiting bosses corresponding to the upper and lower edges of the flexible pressure-bearing hoop.

4. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 3, characterized in that: The flexible pressure-bearing hoop is covered with a snap-on, detachable sand-proof and wear-resistant protective sleeve, which covers the outer surface of the flexible pressure-bearing hoop and the gaps at the upper and lower end faces.

5. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core material has crisscrossing flow-guiding grooves on both sides. The flow-guiding grooves include continuous long grooves extending along the chord direction of the blade and discontinuous short grooves extending along the span direction of the blade. The long grooves and short grooves are interconnected to form a full-area flow-guiding network.

6. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spacing of the guide grooves is set along the blade span according to the load gradient: the groove spacing is small in the high load area of ​​the blade root section and large in the low load area of ​​the blade tip section.

7. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main beam is a pultruded main beam, which is made of multiple layers of pultruded fiberglass boards laminated and bonded together. Each layer of pultruded fiberglass board has continuous arc transition stress relief grooves on both sides. The stress relief grooves of adjacent layers of pultruded fiberglass boards are staggered along the blade span.

8. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the leaf root section is lined with a fiberglass layer to prevent frost heave.

9. The anti-delamination and wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the outer skin is provided with a thickened wear-resistant and sand-proof coating, which is uniformly covered along the direction of the guide groove.

10. A method for forming an anti-delamination, wear-resistant wind turbine blade according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Precast component preparation: Cut the sandwich core material according to the blade model, and use CNC milling to process crisscrossing guide grooves on both sides of the core material. After cleaning up the debris, it is ready for use. Cut pultruded fiberglass boards of a set size, process arc transition stress relief grooves on both sides, stack and bond them according to the interlayer staggered rule, and pre-cur them to form the pultruded main beam. Assemble the multi-ring pre-embedded bolt sleeves into a whole by using positioning tooling, and at the same time install the limiting boss forming insert at the corresponding position of the blade root mold. S2. Mold Layup and Assembly: On the surface of the blade under mold after cleaning and spraying release agent, lay out the outer skin fiberglass fabric, the prefabricated sandwich core material, the pultruded main beam, and the inner skin fiberglass fabric in sequence; during layup, ensure that the core material guide groove faces the outer skin, and the pultruded main beam unloading groove is staggered and aligned along the spanwise direction; additionally lay anti-freeze fiberglass fabric on the inner wall of the blade root section, and install the pre-embedded bolt sleeve positioning fixture; S3. Vacuum Infusion Molding: Lay out the flow guide net, release cloth, vacuum bag, and vacuum auxiliary material. After sealing the mold, evacuate to the set vacuum level and hold the pressure for inspection. Infuse the epoxy resin matrix. The resin impregnates the fiberglass fabric under vacuum and flows rapidly along the core material guide groove to improve the uniformity of impregnation. Cure according to the curing regime to complete the integral molding of the blade body. S4. Post-processing and functional component installation: After demolding, the blade is trimmed and polished, and the blade root end face and bolt holes are machined; the annular flexible bearing hoop is fitted between the limiting bosses on the outer wall of the blade root section using a hot fitting method to ensure the set preload force; a sand-proof and wear-resistant protective sleeve is snapped on the outside of the flexible bearing hoop; finally, a thickened wear-resistant and sand-proof coating is evenly sprayed on the outer skin surface of the blade, and the finished blade is obtained after curing at room temperature.

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