Connecting device, in particular bolt

Abstract

The present invention relates to a connecting device (100) for a brake disc (500), the connecting device being particularly a bolt (10), wherein the connecting device (100) has a main extending direction (310), wherein the outer cross-sectional profile (105) of the connecting device (100) has receiving sections (103a, 103b, 103c, 103d), wherein the receiving sections (103a, 103b, 103c, 103d) have a first turning section (111), a second turning section (112) and a first recessed section (121), wherein the first recessed section (121) is arranged between the first turning section (111) and the second turning section (112), and wherein the first recessed section (121) is designed to be partially concave.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a connecting device (particularly a bolt) for a brake disc, and a brake disc having such a connecting device. The invention also includes vehicles having a brake disc and / or a connecting device. Background Technology

[0002] In automotive engineering, the braking system, like the steering system, is a critical safety component of a vehicle, especially in commercial vehicles where it withstands high mechanical loads. Simultaneously, the braking system is a significant economic factor for vehicle owners and must comply with numerous legal requirements. Due to ongoing cost pressures in the vehicle market (particularly in the commercial vehicle sector), manufacturers of vehicles and vehicle components (such as braking systems) are striving to offer better quality products at the same price, or equivalent quality products at a lower price. The costs incurred by vehicle owners for vehicle maintenance are particularly significant here, especially in the commercial vehicle sector, where every period of downtime translates into lost profits.

[0003] Currently, especially in the commercial vehicle sector, various types of braking systems exist, such as drum brakes and disc brakes. In addition to brake pads, disc brakes are equipped with brake discs. Brake discs come in a variety of designs. For example, a brake disc can have friction rings and an adapter element. When the brake disc is used in a vehicle, one side of the adapter element is attached to the hub of the axle, causing the adapter element to move with the rotation of the wheel or hub. The friction ring and adapter element are interconnected to transmit power / torque, causing the friction ring to move with the adapter element and vice versa. When the brakes are engaged, the friction ring engages with the brake pads and is decelerated due to the friction between the brake pads and the friction ring. The friction ring and adapter element are typically connected to each other by bolts to transmit power / torque. In this way, when the brake pads engage, the deceleration of the friction ring is transmitted to the adapter element and the wheel via the bolts. The advantage of the multi-piece design of the brake disc is that when the friction ring wears out, it can be replaced separately along with the adapter element. This reduces maintenance time and costs for the vehicle owner.

[0004] However, the wear of the friction ring is not only due to the loss of friction ring material caused by its engagement with the brake pads, but also due to the formation and propagation of cracks within the friction ring. Cracks are prone to form and propagate in the friction ring area around the bolts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a connecting device, particularly a connecting device between a friction ring and an adapter element, which can extend the service life of a brake disc.

[0006] This objective is achieved by the connection device according to claim 1. Other features, advantages, and embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0007] According to the invention, the connecting device (particularly the bolt) particularly has a main extension direction and / or particularly has an outer cross-sectional profile. The outer cross-sectional profile particularly has a receiving section. In particular, the receiving section has a first bend, a second bend, and a first recessed section. In particular, the first recessed section is arranged between the first bend and the second bend. In particular, the first recessed section is designed to be partially concave. The connecting device is particularly used for connecting the friction ring of a brake disc to an adapter element of the brake disc.

[0008] Connecting devices can also be referred to as connecting elements.

[0009] The design of the connecting device according to the invention means that, in a portion of the concave section of the first concave segment, the relative movement of the connecting device with respect to the surrounding material causes the surrounding material to be pressed into the concave region of the first concave segment.

[0010] The connecting device according to the invention has the advantage of extending the service life of the brake disc compared to the prior art. This is achieved by reducing crack formation and crack propagation through the shape of the connecting device according to the invention. Compared to bolts with a circular cross-section, the shape of the connecting device according to the invention reduces the separation of the surrounding material around the connecting device under stress and also causes sectional compression of the surrounding material.

[0011] Alternatively or additionally, the design according to the invention can also provide a larger shear surface, thereby reducing the load on the contact surface. This also makes the design more reliable.

[0012] Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of a connecting device in a brake disc, particularly for connecting a friction ring to an adapter element of the brake disc, to preferably reduce cracking in the brake disc. If a connecting device is used in a brake disc to connect the friction ring and the adapter element, the braking force or braking torque is preferably transmitted between the friction ring and the adapter element via the connecting device. During braking, the friction ring is pressed against the connecting device. Bolts with a circular cross-section are typically used as connecting devices. However, due to the circular cross-section, this results in a high concentration of force on the surface section, leading to high surface pressure. Furthermore, the circular geometry of the conventional bolt cross-section causes the material of the friction ring to shear along the surface of the connecting device, promoting crack formation in the friction ring. Moreover, this shearing motion occurs near the point of maximum surface pressure on the surface of the connecting device. Compared to conventional circular connecting devices used to connect the friction ring to the adapter element, the connecting device according to the invention has a larger surface area. With the same force applied by the friction ring to the connecting device, this results in the connecting device experiencing lower surface pressure over a larger surface area. Therefore, the connecting device according to the invention reduces crack formation and propagation. Furthermore, the partially concave section of the first concave segment causes the material of the friction ring to move toward each other during the braking process. This means that at the point where maximum surface pressure is likely to occur, shear motion is significantly reduced or avoided, and in most cases, the material of the friction ring is actually under pressure at that point. Therefore, the partially concave geometry of the connection device reduces crack initiation and propagation.

[0013] The brake disc according to the invention may have a friction ring and an adapter element. When the brake disc is used in a vehicle (particularly a commercial vehicle), one side of the adapter element is fastened to the hub of the axle, causing the adapter element to rotate with the rotational movement of the wheel or hub. The friction ring and adapter element of the brake disc are interconnected to transmit force, causing the friction ring to move with the movement of the adapter element, and vice versa. This connection can preferably be made only by the connecting device according to the invention, particularly by the connecting device according to the invention. When the vehicle brakes are activated (when the vehicle brakes), the friction ring engages and / or contacts the brake pads and decelerates due to the frictional force between the brake pads and the friction ring. In particular, the brake pads have friction pads designed to convert kinetic energy (particularly the rotational energy of the friction rings) into heat dissipation when in direct frictional contact with the friction rings. The friction ring preferably has two parallel and / or annular friction surfaces that contact the brake pads during braking. On the other hand, the adapter element is used to attach the brake disc to the axle or hub. Advantageously, the adapter element has a mounting opening, particularly a through hole.

[0014] Specifically, "vehicle" refers to a land vehicle, preferably a road vehicle, and particularly preferably a commercial vehicle. In the context of this invention, a commercial vehicle specifically refers to a vehicle with a permissible gross vehicle weight exceeding 3.5 tons, preferably exceeding 7.5 tons, particularly preferably exceeding 15 tons, and most strongly preferably exceeding 18 tons. A commercial vehicle can be a trailer, particularly a semi-trailer, and / or a towed vehicle. A commercial vehicle specifically refers to a vehicle that meets the conditions for road use and / or is limited to road use.

[0015] Specifically, the main extension direction refers to the direction along the maximum dimension of the connecting device.

[0016] Preferably, the first recessed segment directly adjoins the first turning segment and / or the second turning segment. Therefore, there are no other shapes along the outer cross-sectional profile between the first recessed segment and the first turning segment and / or the second turning segment. An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows for a simpler geometry of the connecting device.

[0017] Particularly preferred is that the first concave section is designed to be completely concave. The advantage of this embodiment is that the connecting device thus has a particularly large concave area, and as mentioned above, a larger area of ​​material around the connecting device is compressed. This further reduces the tendency for crack formation and / or propagation.

[0018] Advantageously, the first turning segment is designed to be partially or fully convex. Alternatively or supplementarily, the second turning segment is designed to be partially or fully convex. The advantage of this embodiment is that, for the same mass, the surface area (i.e., the surface area to volume ratio) of the connecting device is improved. This reduces surface pressure, thereby reducing the risk of crack initiation and crack propagation.

[0019] The connecting device designed as a combination of the three embodiments described above is particularly advantageous. Therefore, the concave region of the first recessed section is immediately adjacent to the convex region where the first turning section and / or the second turning section are located. One advantage of this embodiment is that the direct connection between the convex profile and the surface of the receiving section increases the contact area, thereby reducing surface pressure. This reduces the risk of crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device.

[0020] In another embodiment, the first concave segment continuously (particularly without bends) abuts the first turning segment. Alternatively or supplementarily, the first concave segment continuously (particularly without bends) abuts the second turning segment. The advantage of this embodiment is that it achieves a smooth transition between the concave shape of the first concave segment and the convex shape of the first and / or second turning segments. This further avoids the formation of sharp edges or corners that could promote crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device.

[0021] The first concave section is preferably designed to be partially or completely circular, particularly elliptical. An advantage of this embodiment is that the circular shape of the first concave section achieves a uniform distribution of pressure between the connecting device and the surrounding material on the surface of the connecting device. This further reduces the risk of crack formation and propagation in the surrounding material. Another advantage of this embodiment is that there are no sharp edges in the concave region of the first concave section. This reduces the stress peak in the surface pressure of the connecting device, thereby suppressing crack formation and propagation in the surrounding material.

[0022] Particularly preferred is that the first recessed section is designed as a partially circular arc segment, particularly a quarter-circular arc segment, and has a first recessed section radius. An advantage of this embodiment is that its simple geometry reduces the manufacturing cost of the connecting device. Another advantage of this embodiment is that any pressure generated between the connecting device and the surrounding material is distributed particularly evenly along the contour of the first recessed section. This makes the surface pressure in the first recessed section particularly uniform, thereby significantly reducing the risk of crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device.

[0023] Advantageously, the first turning segment is designed to be partially or completely circular, particularly elliptical. This embodiment has the advantage that the circular shape of the first turning segment achieves a uniform distribution of pressure between the connecting device and the surrounding material on the surface of the connecting device. This further reduces crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device. Another advantage of this embodiment is that there are no sharp edges in the convex region of the first turning segment. This reduces the stress peak in the surface pressure of the connecting device, thereby reducing crack formation and propagation.

[0024] Alternatively and / or additionally, the second bend segment is designed to be partially or fully circular, particularly elliptical. An advantage of this embodiment is that the circular shape of the second bend segment achieves a uniform distribution of pressure between the connecting device and the surrounding material on the surface of the connecting device. This further reduces crack formation and propagation in the surrounding material. Furthermore, an advantage of this embodiment is that there are no sharp edges in the convex region of the second bend segment. This reduces the stress peak in the surface pressure between the connecting device and the surrounding material, thereby reducing crack formation and propagation.

[0025] Particularly advantageous is that the first turning segment is designed as a partially circular arc segment, particularly a semi-circular segment, with a first turning segment radius. This embodiment offers the advantage of simple geometry, allowing the connecting device to be manufactured at a lower cost. Another advantage of this embodiment is that any pressure generated between the connecting device and the surrounding material is distributed particularly evenly along the contour of the first turning segment. This results in exceptionally uniform surface pressure within the first turning segment, thereby significantly reducing the risk of crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device.

[0026] Alternatively and / or supplementarily, the second turning segment can be designed as a partially circular arc segment with a second turning segment radius, particularly a semi-circular segment. An advantage of this embodiment is that its simple geometry results in lower manufacturing costs for the connecting device. Another advantage of this embodiment is that any pressure generated between the connecting device and the surrounding material is distributed particularly evenly along the contour of the second turning segment. This makes the surface pressure of the second turning segment particularly uniform, thereby significantly reducing the risk of crack initiation and crack propagation.

[0027] In another advantageous or additional embodiment, the radius of the first turning segment corresponds to the radius of the second turning segment. The advantage of this embodiment lies in the fact that the first and second turning segments thus have the same geometry. This makes the force distribution particularly uniform across the entire surface of the receiving segment. This design reduces stress peaks in the surface pressure, thereby reducing the tendency for cracks to form and propagate in the material surrounding the connecting device. It also reduces bending stress on the connecting device.

[0028] Advantageously, the radius of the first concave segment is greater than or equal to the radius of the first turning segment and / or the radius of the second turning segment. An advantage of this embodiment is that a particularly large concave region exists along the outer cross-sectional profile of the connecting device within the receiving segment. This causes a particularly large portion of the material surrounding the connecting device to be pressed into the concave profile. This reduces the risk of crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device.

[0029] In another embodiment, all turning points are evenly spaced apart from each other. An advantage of this embodiment is its simpler geometry. This ensures a more uniform load distribution circumferentially across the connecting device. Another advantage of this embodiment is that it reduces the amount of work required to insert the connecting device, for example, into a friction ring, due to the lower alignment and positioning requirements of the connecting device.

[0030] In another embodiment, the outer cross-sectional profile lies in a plane perpendicular to the main extension direction. An advantage of this embodiment is that the outer cross-sectional profile can be implemented particularly easily.

[0031] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, and / or additionally, the connecting device is designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry. This embodiment has the advantage of allowing the connecting device to have a particularly simple geometry. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the connecting device. Furthermore, this embodiment has the advantage of reducing the alignment and positioning requirements of the connecting device due to the symmetrical structure, thus reducing the amount of work required to insert the connecting device, for example, into a friction ring.

[0032] Preferably, the plane of symmetry is defined by the main extension direction and a first normal perpendicular to the main extension direction. An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows the connecting device to have a simple geometry. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the connecting device.

[0033] Particularly preferred is that the connecting device is designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a second plane of symmetry, which is different from the first plane of symmetry. An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows the connecting device to have a particularly simple geometry. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the connecting device. Another advantage of this embodiment is that the symmetrical structure makes the alignment and positioning requirements of the connecting device lower, thus reducing the amount of work required to insert the connecting device, for example, into a friction ring.

[0034] Particularly preferably, the second plane of symmetry is formed by the main extension direction and a second normal perpendicular to the main extension direction. An advantage of this embodiment is that it allows the connecting device to have a simple geometry. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the connecting device.

[0035] Particularly preferred is that the first normal and the second normal are arranged orthogonally to each other, such that the first symmetry plane and the second symmetry plane are orthogonally aligned. An advantage of this embodiment is that the first and second symmetry planes allow for the simple generation of complex geometries of the connecting device. Another advantage of this embodiment is that the lower alignment and positioning requirements of the connecting device reduce the amount of work required to insert the connecting device, for example, into a friction ring.

[0036] Advantageously, the connecting device has another receiving section. In particular, the receiving section and the other receiving section are designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a second plane of symmetry.

[0037] Specifically, the receiving section and the second receiving section are interconnected by a first straight connecting section and a second straight connecting section. Specifically, the first straight connecting section and the second straight connecting section are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a first plane of symmetry. An advantage of this embodiment is that it has particularly low surface pressure.

[0038] Specifically, the receiving section and the second receiving section are interconnected by a first convex and / or straight connecting section and a second convex and / or straight connecting section. In particular, these first and second connecting sections are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a first plane of symmetry. An advantage of this embodiment is that it exhibits particularly low surface pressure.

[0039] Particularly preferred is that the connecting device is designed to be axisymmetric. An advantage of this embodiment is that even complex geometries can be manufactured particularly easily. Another advantage of this embodiment is that it results in a more uniform pressure distribution between the connecting device and the surrounding material. This reduces stress peaks in the surface pressure, thereby lowering the risk of crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device.

[0040] Advantageously, multiple flush receiving sections are arranged at different angles, such that the concave sections of the receiving sections face different directions. This embodiment has the advantage of providing multiple concave sections. These multiple concave sections distribute the pressure between the connecting device and the surrounding material across the multiple concave sections. This increases the surface area to volume ratio of the connecting device, thereby reducing the surface pressure on the connecting device. This reduces the risk of crack formation and propagation. Another advantage of this embodiment is that, due to the presence of multiple concave sections, even when pressure is applied between the connecting device and the surrounding material, the material around the connecting device is pressed into the concave sections of the connecting device. This prevents the material around the connecting device from being sheared and torn, and also compresses the material around the connecting device within the concave sections. This further reduces the risk of crack formation and propagation in the material around the connecting device.

[0041] Preferably, two adjacent receiving sections share the same bend. This embodiment has the advantage of reducing the number of bends and increasing the ratio of concave sections to bends. Therefore, the outer cross-sectional profile of the connecting device includes more concave areas and fewer convex areas. This further ensures a good surface area to volume ratio. Furthermore, the relative increase in the number of concave areas on the outer cross-sectional profile reduces the mass of material around the connecting device that is pressed into the concave areas during compression. While maintaining a constant surface area to volume ratio, this reduces the risk of crack formation and propagation in the material surrounding the connecting device.

[0042] Particularly preferred is that the connecting device is solid and / or designed as a hollow profile. One advantage of this embodiment is that the solid structure allows the connecting device to withstand higher loads. Another advantage of this embodiment is that the hollow profile design of the connecting device achieves a particularly low ratio of load-bearing capacity to weight.

[0043] Advantageously, the connecting device is made of iron and / or steel and / or plastic. This embodiment has the advantage of easily producing complex shapes while achieving high load-bearing capacity of the connecting device. Iron, especially steel, has the advantage of high mechanical strength. It also allows for the achievement of the same or at least similar coefficient of thermal expansion as the components to be connected (especially friction rings and adapter elements).

[0044] The connecting device preferably has threads. An advantage of this embodiment is that the connecting device can be partially screwed into surrounding material (e.g., a friction ring or adapter element). This allows the connecting device to form a detachable connection with the surrounding material (e.g., the friction ring and / or adapter element).

[0045] Particularly preferred is that the connecting device has a first thread at its first end along the main extension direction, and / or a second thread at its second end along the main extension direction opposite to the first end. An advantage of this embodiment is that the connecting device can be readily and detachably connected to surrounding materials (e.g., friction rings and / or adapter elements).

[0046] Preferably, the outer cross-sectional profile has a constant cross-section in the first and / or second fastening regions along the main extension direction. Specifically, the aforementioned and described outer profile or outer cross-sectional profile and / or one or more receiving segments are formed in regions with a constant cross-section. This embodiment has the advantage of reducing the manufacturing cost of the connecting device. Furthermore, this embodiment has the advantage of providing a more uniform surface pressure acting on the connecting device along the main extension direction when pressure is generated between the connecting device and the surrounding material. This reduces stress peaks in the surface pressure along the main extension direction, thereby reducing the risk of crack initiation and crack propagation.

[0047] Advantageously, the connecting device has a first guide arc with a first guide arc radius at a first end in its main extension direction. Specifically, the connecting device has a second guide arc with a second guide arc radius at a second end in its main extension direction opposite to the first end. In particular, the first and second guide radii correspond to each other. The advantage of this embodiment is that it simplifies the process of inserting the connecting device into the friction ring and / or adapter element.

[0048] Particularly preferred is that the first fastening section and / or the second fastening section extend in the main extension direction of the connecting device for a length exceeding 50% of the total length of the connecting device, particularly exceeding 75% of its total length, and especially 90% of its total length. An advantage of this embodiment is that it increases the area of ​​more uniform surface pressure distribution, thereby reducing the stress peak of the surface pressure over a larger area of ​​the outer contour of the connecting device.

[0049] Particularly preferred is that the first outer cross-sectional profile has a constant cross-section along the entire length of the connecting device along the main extension direction. An advantage of this embodiment is that the manufacturing cost of the connecting device is lower. Therefore, this embodiment has a particularly low manufacturing cost. Another advantage of this embodiment is that by maximizing the area of ​​more uniform surface pressure distribution, the surface pressure peak can be reduced over a larger area of ​​the outer profile of the connecting device (especially along the main extension direction).

[0050] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a brake disc for vehicles, particularly for commercial vehicles. Specifically, the brake disc has a friction ring. Specifically, the brake disc has an adapter element. Specifically, the brake disc has a connecting element, preferably a connecting element according to any of the foregoing embodiments. Specifically, the friction ring is connected to the adapter element by one or more connecting devices in a force-locking and / or shape-locking and / or material-bonding manner. An advantage of this embodiment is that a particularly uniform force transmission between the friction ring and the adapter element is achieved through the connecting element. Furthermore, the brake disc can have all the advantages of the corresponding embodiments of the connecting device. Therefore, an advantage of this embodiment of the brake disc is that it reduces the risk of crack formation and crack propagation in the friction ring and adapter element. Furthermore, an advantage of this embodiment is that it extends the service life of the friction ring and / or adapter element under the same load. Furthermore, an advantage of this embodiment of the brake disc is that it increases the potential load-bearing capacity of the brake disc and / or adapter element before crack formation and / or crack propagation occur.

[0051] The brake disc is designed to rotate about an axis. The axis is perpendicular to both the radial and circumferential directions. The circumferential direction can also correspond to an azimuth angle, and the radial direction can also correspond to a vertical distance. In other words, the axial, radial, and circumferential directions can form a cylindrical coordinate system.

[0052] The main extension direction of the connecting element is preferably parallel to the radial direction of the brake disc.

[0053] The average direction of a cross section is the average value of the surface normals of that cross section.

[0054] Preferably, the average direction of one of the recessed sections (preferably two recessed sections) is approximately or directly facing and / or pointing towards the axial direction of the brake disc. In this way, the manufacturing of the brake disc can be significantly optimized.

[0055] Specifically, the average direction of one of the recessed sections faces / points towards the positive axis, while the average direction of the other recessed section faces / points towards the negative axis. In this way, the manufacturing of the brake disc can be further optimized.

[0056] "Directly facing" means that they are parallel to each other (0° or 180°). "Approximately facing" means that the angle between the two directions is smaller, and the angle does not exceed 15°, preferably not exceeding 10°.

[0057] In particular, the connecting sections (especially the first connecting section) and / or additional connecting sections (especially the second connecting section) face approximately or directly toward the circumference of the brake disc. In this way, manufacturing can be optimized, especially the casting of the brake disc.

[0058] Preferably, the connecting device is screwed into the friction ring and / or adapter element. An advantage of this embodiment is that the connecting device can be connected to the friction ring and / or adapter element in a single step. Furthermore, an advantage of this embodiment is that the connection between the connecting device and the friction ring and / or adapter element is detachable.

[0059] Preferably and / or additionally, the connecting device is pressed into the friction ring and / or adapter element. An advantage of this embodiment is that the connecting device can be connected to the friction ring and / or adapter element in a single step. Another advantage of this embodiment is that it reduces the possibility of accidental loosening of the connection between the connecting element and the friction ring and / or adapter element. Yet another advantage of this embodiment is that the connection between the connecting device and the friction ring and / or adapter element is detachable.

[0060] Preferably, the connecting device is cast into the friction ring and / or adapter element. One advantage of this embodiment is that, since the connecting device is cast in during the manufacturing process of the friction disc and / or adapter element, no additional steps are required to connect the connecting device to the friction ring and / or adapter element. This reduces the manufacturing cost of the brake disc.

[0061] Particularly preferred is that the main extension direction of the connecting element corresponds to the radial direction of the brake disc. Alternatively and / or additionally, the first normal of the connecting element corresponds to the tangential direction of the brake disc. Alternatively and / or additionally, the second normal of the connecting element is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the brake disc. An advantage of this embodiment is that when a force is applied to the friction ring, for example by the brake pads, a pressure perpendicular to the surface of the connecting element is generated between the friction ring material and / or the adapter element. This reduces the proportion of braking force generated on the friction ring that is converted into a tangential force along the main extension direction of the connecting element. This tangential force along the main extension direction of the connecting element may cause the connecting element to be pulled out of the friction ring and / or the adapter element. This, in turn, may result in a reduction in the surface area of ​​the connecting element partially surrounded by the friction ring and / or the adapter element, thereby increasing the surface pressure acting on the connecting device while keeping the pressure between the friction ring and the connecting element constant.

[0062] Advantageously, the connecting elements are aligned such that the direction of rotation of the brake disc is perpendicular to the recess of the first concave section during forward travel of the vehicle with the brake disc attached. An advantage of this embodiment is that, during braking, the material of the friction ring is pressed into at least a portion of the concave region of the first concave section. This reduces both the shearing movement of the friction ring material along the concave region of the first concave section and the compression of the friction ring material within the first concave section region. Both effects reduce the risk of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring and / or adapter elements.

[0063] Alternatively, the average direction of one of the recessed segments (preferably two recessed segments) is approximately or directly facing and / or pointing towards the axial direction of the brake disc. This significantly simplifies the manufacturing of the brake disc. Specifically, the average direction of one connecting segment faces / points towards the positive axial direction, while the average direction of the other connecting segment faces / points towards the negative axial direction. This further optimizes the manufacturing of the brake disc.

[0064] A particular advantage is that the alignment of the connecting device ensures that, as the vehicle with the attached brake disc moves forward, the direction of rotation of the brake disc is perpendicular to the recess of the first recessed section closest to the center of the connecting device's cross-section. This embodiment also benefits from the fact that a particularly large portion of the material of the friction ring and / or adapter element is pressed into the concave shape of the first recessed section. This reduces the risk of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring and / or adapter element over a particularly large area surrounding the connecting device.

[0065] Advantageously, the friction ring has at least a plurality of connecting grooves. The connecting grooves are designed to accommodate connecting devices within the friction ring. At least one connecting groove has an insertion section; specifically, each connecting groove has an insertion section. One or more insertion sections of the friction ring specifically constitute the distal end of the connecting groove. In particular, the insertion section is designed with a lead-in chamfer. Alternatively or supplementarily, the insertion section is designed with a lead-in arc having a radius equal to the radius of the friction ring's arc. The lead-in chamfer and / or lead-in arc simplify the process of inserting the connecting device into the friction ring and center the connecting device when it is inserted. Because the insertion section is designed with a lead-in arc, it has an arc with a constant radius of the friction ring's arc. This design can have the advantageous effect of reducing notch effects.

[0066] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a vehicle, particularly a commercial vehicle, which specifically includes a brake disc according to any of the foregoing or subsequent embodiments, and / or particularly includes a connecting device according to any of the foregoing or subsequent embodiments. Depending on the embodiments of the brake disc and / or the connecting device, this embodiment may have corresponding advantages. Furthermore, the advantage of this embodiment for the vehicle (particularly a commercial vehicle) lies in reducing the risk of crack formation and crack propagation, thereby extending the service life of the brake disc. This reduces maintenance costs for vehicle owners according to this embodiment. In addition, operating costs are reduced due to the reduced maintenance requirements of the brake disc. This is a particularly important factor for commercial vehicle owners. Another advantage of this embodiment is that it still does not require replacing the entire brake disc. Instead, the friction ring can be removed from the adapter element without damage, thanks to the connecting device. This reduces maintenance work and costs for the vehicle owner.

[0067] Specifically, the vehicle according to the invention is a land vehicle, preferably a road vehicle, and particularly preferably a commercial vehicle. Specifically, a commercial vehicle refers to a vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 3.5 tons, preferably greater than 7.5 tons, and particularly preferably greater than 15 tons. The vehicle is preferably a trailer.

[0068] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of the connecting device according to any of the foregoing embodiments for connecting the friction ring of a brake disc to an adapter element of the brake disc. An advantage of this embodiment is that this use of the connecting device possesses all the advantages of the corresponding embodiments of the connecting device. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless explicitly excluded, the various features of the illustrated embodiments may also be used in other embodiments.

[0070] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a bolt in a friction ring according to the prior art is shown.

[0071] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a connection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0072] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a connection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0073] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a connection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0074] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a connection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0075] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a brake disc according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0076] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the insertion segment of a friction ring according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0077] Preferably, all elements, units and / or components in all figures are referred to by the same reference numerals. Detailed Implementation

[0078] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a prior art bolt 10 in a friction ring 201 is shown. The bolt 10 is arranged within the friction ring 201. The bolt 10 is designed to be rotationally symmetric. The bolt 10 has a main extension direction 30. The bolt 10 has a constant cross-sectional profile along the main extension direction 30. Therefore, the bolt 10 has a cylindrical outer profile. In the plane shown, the bolt 10 is completely surrounded by the material of the friction ring 200.

[0079] In the cross-sectional plane shown passing through the friction ring 201 with bolt 10 according to the prior art, the radial extension direction of the friction ring 201 is perpendicular to this cross-section. The main extension direction 30 of the bolt 10 corresponds to the radial direction of the friction ring 201. Figure 1 In the schematic diagram, the direction of extension of the cross-section passing through the friction ring 201 from right to left corresponds to the tangential extension direction 31 of the friction ring 201. Figure 1 In the schematic diagram, the direction of the cross section passing through the friction ring 201 from top to bottom corresponds to the axial extension direction 32 of the friction ring 200.

[0080] Friction ring 201 is part of a brake disc (not shown in detail). In addition to friction ring 201, the brake disc also has an adapter element (not shown). The brake disc is part of a disc brake (not shown in detail). The adapter element is attached to the wheel hub and moves with the rotation of the wheel. Bolt 10 connects friction ring 201 and the adapter element, causing friction ring 201 to move with the adapter element. During braking, the brake pads of the disc brake engage axially with friction ring 201. This results in a reduction in the rotational movement of friction ring 201 in the tangential direction 31. Braking force is transmitted between friction ring 201 and the adapter element on the wheel via bolt 10. This causes friction ring 201 to press against the surface of bolt 10 along the tangential direction 31. The resulting pressure is distributed on the surfaces of bolt 10 aligned along the tangential direction 31. Thus, surface pressure 20 is generated on the surfaces of bolt 10 aligned along the tangential direction 31. The generated surface pressure 20... Figure 1 The gray area is shown directly in the circumferential direction of bolt 10. The distance of the gray area outline reflects the amplitude of the surface pressure 20 on the corresponding segment of the bolt 10 surface. Figure 1 As can be seen, the surface pressure distribution is uneven, and there are two stress peaks, 21 and 22.

[0081] As the surface pressure 20 increases, the risk of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring 201 and / or adapter element also increases. Furthermore, the stress peaks 21 and 22 in the surface pressure 20 increase the risk of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring 201 and / or adapter element. In addition, the circular convex shape induces shear movement of the material of the friction ring 200 along the tangential direction of the bolt 10 surface. Specifically, the fact that the bolt 10 is circular according to the prior art design means achieving the lowest possible surface area to volume ratio, thus distributing the pressure between the friction ring 201 and the bolt 10 over the smallest possible surface area of ​​the bolt 10. Therefore, the shape of the bolt 10 both results in the highest possible surface pressure 20 and the formation of stress peaks 21 and 22, and induces shear movement of the friction ring 201 material near the stress peaks 21 and 22.

[0082] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a connecting device 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. The connecting device 100 has a main extending direction 310. The connecting device 100 has an outer cross-sectional profile 105. The outer cross-sectional profile 105 of the connecting device 100 has a first receiving section 103a and another receiving section. The other receiving section is equivalent to a third receiving section 103c. The first receiving section 103a has a first turning section 111, a second turning section 112, and a first recessed section 121. The first recessed section 121 is arranged between the first turning section 111 and the second turning section 112. The first recessed section 121 is designed to be completely concave. The first turning section 111 and the second turning section 112 are designed to be completely convex. The first recessed section 121 smoothly and without bending transitions to the first recessed section 111. The first recessed section 121 smoothly and without bending connects to the second turning section 112. The first recessed section 121 is designed as a quarter-circle arc segment. The first recessed section 121 has a first recessed section radius 141. The first turning segment 111 has a first turning segment radius 131. The second turning segment 112 has a second turning segment radius 132.

[0083] The third receiving section 103c has a third turning section 113, a fourth turning section 114, and a third recessed section 123. The third recessed section 123 is arranged between the third turning section 113 and the fourth turning section 114. The third recessed section 123 is designed to be completely concave. The third turning section 113 and the fourth turning section 114 are designed to be completely convex. The third recessed section 123 smoothly and without bends transitions to the third recessed section 113. The third recessed section 123 smoothly and without bends connects to the fourth turning section 114. The third recessed section 123 is designed as a quarter-circle arc segment. The third recessed section 123 has a third recessed section radius 143. The third turning section 113 has a third turning section radius 133. The fourth turning section 114 has a fourth turning section radius 134.

[0084] The radii of the first turning segment 131, the second turning segment 132, the third turning segment 133, and the fourth turning segment 134 correspond to each other. The radii of the first concave segment 141 and the third concave segment 143 correspond to each other. The radius of the first concave segment 141 is larger than the radius of the first turning segment 131 and the radius of the second turning segment 132, especially twice that of the latter. The first turning segment 111 and the third turning segment 113 are evenly spaced from each other.

[0085] The connecting device 100 is designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a first plane of symmetry. The first plane of symmetry is formed by a main extension direction 310 and a first normal 320 perpendicular to the main extension direction 310. The connecting device 100 is also designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a second plane of symmetry, wherein the second plane of symmetry is different from the first plane of symmetry. The second plane of symmetry is formed by the main extension direction 310 and a second normal 330 perpendicular to the main extension direction 310. The first normal 320 and the second normal 330 are arranged orthogonally to each other, such that the first plane of symmetry and the second plane of symmetry are arranged orthogonally to each other. The outer cross-sectional profile 105 of the connecting device 100 lies in a plane perpendicular to the main extension direction 310.

[0086] The fourth turning segment 114 and the first turning segment 111 are interconnected by a first connecting segment 106. The first connecting segment 106 is straight along its entire length. The second turning segment 112 and the third turning segment 113 are interconnected by a second connecting segment 107. The second connecting segment 107 is straight along its entire length. The first connecting segment 106 and the second connecting segment 107 are designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a first plane of symmetry.

[0087] This design of the connecting device 100 offers several unexpected advantages in terms of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring 200 material. Firstly, the irregular shape of the outer cross-sectional profile 105 of the connecting element 100 increases its surface area while using the same amount of material, thus improving the surface area to volume ratio. Therefore, compared to the circular bolt 10, the connecting element 100 has a larger surface area in the tangential direction of the friction ring 200. When pressure is generated between the friction ring 200 and the connecting element 100, the pressure is distributed over the larger surface area of ​​the connecting element 100. This results in a reduction in surface pressure 40, thereby reducing the risk of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring 200.

[0088] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a connecting device 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. The connecting device 100 is shown as a freestanding structure. The outer cross-sectional profile 105 has a constant cross-section along the entire length of the connecting device 100 along the main extension direction 310. The connecting device 100 has a first guide arc 152 at a first end 151 in its main extension direction 310, the first guide arc having a first guide arc radius 153. In particular, the connecting device 100 has a second guide radius 155 at a second end 154 opposite to the first end 151 in its main extension direction 310, the second guide arc having a second guide radius 156. In particular, the first guide radius 153 and the second guide radius 156 correspond to each other. An advantage of this embodiment is that it simplifies the process of inserting the connecting device 100 into the friction ring 200 and / or the adapter element 400.

[0089] Figure 4A schematic diagram of a connecting device 100 in a friction ring 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown. The connecting device 100 according to the second embodiment has similar features to the connecting device according to the second embodiment. The connecting device 100 has a main extending direction 310. The connecting device 100 has an outer cross-sectional profile 105. The outer cross-sectional profile 105 of the connecting device 100 has a first receiving section 103a, a second receiving section 103b, a third receiving section 103c, and a fourth receiving section 103d. The first receiving section 103a has a first turning section 111, a second turning section 112, and a first recessed section 121. The first recessed section 121 is arranged between the first turning section 111 and the second turning section 112. The first recessed section 121 is designed to be completely concave. The first turning section 111 and the second turning section 112 are designed to be completely convex. The first recessed section 121 transitions smoothly and without bending to the first turning section 111. The first recessed section 121 transitions smoothly and without bending to the second turning section 112. The first concave segment 121 is designed as a quarter-circle arc segment. The first concave segment 121 has a first concave segment radius 141. The first turning segment 111 is designed as a semi-circular segment with a first turning segment radius 131. The second turning segment 112 is designed as a semi-circular segment with a second turning segment radius 132.

[0090] The connecting device 100 is designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a first plane of symmetry. The first plane of symmetry is defined by a main extension direction 310 and a first normal 320 perpendicular to the main extension direction 310. The connecting device 100 is also designed to be mirror-symmetrical with respect to a second plane of symmetry, wherein the second plane of symmetry is different from the first plane of symmetry. The second plane of symmetry is formed by the main extension direction 310 and a second normal 330 perpendicular to the main extension direction 310. The first normal 320 and the second normal 330 are arranged orthogonally to each other, such that the first plane of symmetry and the second plane of symmetry are arranged orthogonally to each other.

[0091] The outer cross-sectional profile 105 of the connecting device 100 lies in a plane perpendicular to the main extension direction 310.

[0092] The outer cross-sectional profile 105 has four flush receiving sections 103a, 103b, 103c, and 103d. Two adjacent receiving sections 103a, 103b, 103c, and 103d share the same turning section 111, 112, 113, and 114, respectively.

[0093] Therefore, the outer cross-sectional profile 105 has a third turning segment 113 and a fourth turning segment 114. The third turning segment 113 is concave in shape. The fourth turning segment 114 is also concave in shape. The third turning segment 113 is designed as a semicircular segment with a third turning segment radius 133. The fourth turning segment 114 is designed as a semicircular segment with a fourth turning segment radius 134.

[0094] The outer cross-sectional profile 105 has a second concave segment 122, a third concave segment 123, and a fourth concave segment 124. The second concave segment 122, the third concave segment 123, and the fourth concave segment 124 are all designed to be completely concave. The second concave segment 122 is designed as a quarter-circle arc segment with a radius of 142. The third concave segment 123 is designed as a quarter-circle arc segment with a radius of 143. The fourth concave segment 124 is designed as a quarter-circle arc segment with a radius of 144. The second concave segment 122 is directly connected to the second turning segment 112 and the third turning segment 113. The third concave segment 123 is directly connected to the third turning segment 113 and the fourth turning segment 114. The fourth concave segment 124 is directly connected to the fourth turning segment 114 and the first turning segment 111. The second concave segment 112 is smoothly and without bends connected to the second turning segment 112 and the third turning segment 113. The third recessed segment 123 connects smoothly and without bends to the third turning segment 113 and the fourth turning segment 114. The fourth recessed segment 124 connects smoothly and without bends to the fourth turning segment 114 and the first turning segment 111.

[0095] The radii of the first turning segment 131, the second turning segment 132, the third turning segment 133, and the fourth turning segment 134 correspond to each other. The radii of the first concave segment 141, the second concave segment 142, the third concave segment 143, and the fourth concave segment 144 correspond to each other. The radius of the first concave segment 141 is larger than the radius of the first turning segment 131, and in particular, it is twice the latter. The first turning segment 111, the second turning segment 112, the third turning segment 113, and the fourth turning segment 114 are evenly spaced from each other.

[0096] This design of the connecting device 100 offers several unexpected advantages in terms of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring 200 material. Firstly, the irregular shape of the outer cross-sectional profile of the connecting element 100 increases its surface area while using the same amount of material, thus improving the surface area to volume ratio. Therefore, compared to the circular bolt 10, the connecting element 100 has a larger surface area in the tangential direction of the friction ring 200. When pressure is generated between the friction ring 200 and the connecting element 100, the pressure is distributed over the larger surface area 40 of the connecting element 100. This results in a reduction in surface pressure 40, thereby reducing the risk of crack formation and propagation in the friction ring 200.

[0097] Furthermore, because the outer cross-sectional profile of the connecting element 100 is concave, and this concave shape is aligned with the friction ring 200, a portion of the material of the friction ring 200 is compressed. This reduces the amplitude of the stress peaks 41, 42, 43, and 44 along the concave shape and also prevents shear movement of the material of the friction ring 200. Both of these effects further reduce crack initiation and crack propagation in the material of the friction ring 200. All of the above effects distinguish the connecting element 100 from the bolt 10 according to the prior art. This becomes apparent by considering the surface pressure 40 on the surface of the connecting element 100.

[0098] Figure 2 The gray area represents the generated surface pressure 40, which lies directly in the circumferential direction of the connecting device 100. The distance of the gray area outline reflects the amplitude of the surface pressure 40 on the corresponding segment of the surface of the connecting device 100. When the pressure between the connecting device 100 and the friction ring 200 is... Figure 1 Under the same pressure, the surface pressure 40 generated on the connecting device 100 results in a different distribution of surface pressure 40 along the contour of the connecting device 100. The average surface pressure 40 on the connecting element 100 is lower than the average surface pressure on the bolt 10 according to the prior art. Furthermore, the stress peaks 41, 42, 43, and 44 in the surface pressure 40 of the connecting element 100 are lower than the stress peaks of the bolt 10 according to the prior art. All of this indicates that, compared with using the bolt 10 according to the prior art, the risk of crack formation and crack propagation in the friction ring 200 can be significantly reduced by using the connecting device 100.

[0099] The above advantages are also present when the connecting element 100 according to this embodiment is arranged in another object (e.g., the adapter element 400 of the brake disc 500).

[0100] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a connecting device 100 according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown. The connecting device 100 is shown as a freestanding structure. The outer cross-sectional profile 105 of the connecting device 100 has a constant cross-section in a first fastening region 161 and a second fastening region 162 along the main extension direction 310 of the connecting element 100. Furthermore, the outer cross-sectional profile 105 has a constant cross-section along the entire length of the connecting device 100 along the main extension direction 310.

[0101] The connecting device 100 has a first guide arc 152 at its first end 151 in its main extension direction 310, the first guide arc having a first guide arc radius 153. Specifically, the connecting device 100 has a second guide arc 155 at its second end 154 opposite to the first end 151 in the main extension direction 310, the second guide arc 155 having a second guide arc radius 156. Specifically, the first guide radius 153 and the second guide radius 156 correspond to each other. An advantage of this embodiment is that it simplifies the process of inserting the connecting device 100 into the friction ring 200 and / or the adapter element 400.

[0102] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a brake disc 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. According to any of the foregoing embodiments, the brake disc 500 has a friction ring 200, an adapter element 400, and a connecting device 100. The connecting device 100 is connected to the friction ring 200 and the adapter element 400 to transmit force. For this purpose, the connecting device 100 is pressed into the friction ring 200 and the adapter element 400.

[0103] The main extension direction 310 of the connecting element 100 corresponds to the radial direction of the brake disc 500. The first normal 320 of the connecting element 100 corresponds to the tangential direction of the brake disc 200. The second normal 330 of the connecting element 100 is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the brake disc 500.

[0104] The connecting element 100 is aligned in the brake disc 500 such that during forward travel of the vehicle in which the brake disc 500 is arranged in the braking system, the direction of rotation of the brake disc 500 is perpendicular to the recess of the first recessed section 121 that is closest to the center of the cross-section of the connecting element 100.

[0105] The friction ring 200 has a plurality of connecting grooves 202. The connecting grooves 202 are designed to receive the connecting device 100 within the friction ring 200. At least one connecting groove 202 has an insertion section 210; in particular, each connecting groove 202 has an insertion section 210. Specifically, one or more insertion sections 210 of the friction ring 200 respectively constitute the distal end of the connecting groove 202.

[0106] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an insertion segment 210 of a friction ring 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The insertion segment 210 is designed with an introductory arc having a friction ring arc radius 220. The insertion segment 210, designed as an introductory arc, has a constant friction ring arc radius 220.

[0107] List of reference numerals 10 bolts 20 Bolt surface pressure 21 First stress peak 22 Second stress peak 30. Main extension direction of bolt 31 Tangential direction 32 Axial 40 Surface pressure on connecting elements 41 Third stress peak 42. Fourth stress peak 43 Fifth stress peak 44. Sixth stress peak 100 Connecting Device 103a First Reception Section 103b Second Reception Section 103c Third Receiver Section 103d Fourth Receiver Section 105 Outer cross-sectional profile of the connecting element 106 First connecting segment 107 Second connecting section 111 First Turn 112 Second Turning Section 113 Third Turn 114 Fourth Turn 121 First concave segment 122 Second concave segment 123 Third concave segment 124 Fourth concave segment 131 Radius of the first turning segment 132 Radius of the second turning segment 133 Radius of the third turning segment 134 Radius of the fourth turning segment 141 Radius of the first concave segment 142 Radius of the second concave segment 143 Radius of the third concave segment 144 Radius of the fourth concave segment 151 First End 152 First Introducing Arc 153 First imported arc radius 154 Second End 155 Second Introducing Arc 156 Second Imported Arc Radius 161 First Fastening Zone 162 Second Fastening Zone 200 friction ring 201 Friction rings of the prior art 202 Connecting Groove 210 Insertion segment 220 Friction ring radius 310 Main extension direction 320 First Normal 330 Second Normal 400 Adapter Components 500 brake disc

Claims

1. A connecting device (100) for a brake disc (500), said connecting device being in particular a bolt (10). - in, The connecting device (100) has a main extending direction (310). - Wherein, the outer cross-sectional profile (105) of the connecting device (100) has receiving sections (103a, 103b, 103c, 103d). - Wherein, the receiving sections (103a, 103b, 103c, 103d) have: - First turning section (111); - Second turning section (112); and - First concave segment (121). - Wherein, the first concave segment (121) is arranged between the first turning segment (111) and the second turning segment (112), and - Wherein, the first concave segment (121) is designed to be partially concave.

2. The connecting device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first concave section (121) is directly connected to the first turning section (111) and the second turning section (112).

3. The connecting device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first concave segment (121) is designed to be completely concave.

4. The connecting device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first turning segment (111) is designed to be partially or fully convex, and / or the second turning segment (112) is designed to be partially or fully convex.

5. The connecting device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first concave segment (121) is continuously connected to the first turning segment (111), particularly without bending, and / or the first concave segment (121) is continuously connected to the second turning segment (112), particularly without bending.

6. The connecting device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first concave segment (121) is designed as a partially circular arc segment, particularly a quarter-circular arc segment, and has a first concave segment radius (141).

7. The connecting device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The first turning segment (111) is designed as a partially circular arc segment, particularly a semicircular segment, and has a first turning segment radius (131), and / or the second turning segment (112) is designed as a partially circular arc segment, particularly a semicircular segment, and has a second turning segment radius (132).

8. A brake disc (500) for a vehicle, particularly a commercial vehicle, the brake disc comprising: - Friction ring (200); - Adapter element (400); as well as - The connecting device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims. - wherein the friction ring (200) is connected to the adapter element (400) by means of a connecting device (100) in a force-locking and / or shape-locking and / or material-bonding manner.

9. The brake disc (500) according to claim 8. in, The average direction of one of the recessed segments (121), preferably the average direction of both recessed segments (121), is approximately or directly facing and / or pointing toward the axial direction (32) of the brake disc.

10. The brake disc (500) according to any one of claims 8 or 9. in, The average direction of one of the concave segments (121, 122, 123, 124) faces / points toward the positive axis (32), and the other average direction of one of the concave segments (121, 122, 123, 124) faces or points toward the negative axis (32).

11. The brake disc (500) according to any one of claims 8, 9 or 10. in, The connecting segments (106, 107) are straight, and / or Among them, the connecting segments (106, 107) are convex.

12. The brake disc (500) according to any one of claims 8, 9, 10 or 11. in, The connecting device (100) is cast into the friction ring (200) and / or the adapter element (400).

13. A vehicle having a brake disc (500) according to any one of claims 9 to 12 and / or a connecting device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

14. Use of the connecting device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as an adapter element (400) for connecting the friction ring (200) of the brake disc (500) to the brake disc (500).

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