A variable speed device, a corn head and a harvester

Abstract

The application discloses a speed change device, a corn ear picking header and a harvester, and belongs to the technical field of corn harvesters. The speed change device comprises a speed regulation gear box, a sun gear and a planetary gear outer ring. The speed regulation gear box is rotatably provided with a planetary carrier assembly on opposite sides. The sun gear is fixedly arranged in the speed regulation gear box. A first output shaft is fixedly arranged on the inner ring of the sun gear. The sun gear is located in the planetary gear outer ring. At least three speed regulation planetary gears are arranged in meshing connection between the planetary gear outer ring and the sun gear. The first output shaft is in transmission connection with the planetary carrier assembly. The speed regulation planetary gears are in rotary connection with the planetary carrier assembly. The first output shaft is in transmission connection with a working component. The planetary gear outer ring rotates to realize the working of the working component. When in use, a driving member is connected with the speed regulation gear box to input power to the working component. In the working, the power of the driving member is directly controlled according to the row spacing of crops, the maturity, the terrain condition and the advancing speed of the corn machine, so that the setting of different working rotating speeds of the working component is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of agricultural machinery corn harvester technology, specifically to a transmission device, a corn ear-picking header and a harvester. Background Technology

[0002] A corn harvester header is a key device used in corn harvesters to pick up and transport corn ears. With the development of agricultural modernization in my country and the increasing level of agricultural mechanization, domestically produced corn harvesters are constantly being upgraded. As a key component of corn harvesters, we urgently need a higher quality and more intelligent corn harvester header.

[0003] Current corn harvester headers primarily use mechanical transmission, such as traditional methods like drive shafts, belts, and chains. These methods are not only inefficient and have a short lifespan, but also require manual adjustment of the header speed in complex operating environments. For example, a common method is to replace the input and output sprockets with different tooth counts. However, this adjustment method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it becomes difficult to implement in large fields where different operating conditions exist in certain areas, requiring adjustments over long travel distances. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a speed change device, a corn ear-picking header, and a harvester to overcome the aforementioned defects caused by the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application employs the following technical solution: Firstly, this application discloses a speed-changing device, which includes... Speed ​​regulating gearbox; planetary carrier assemblies are rotatably mounted on opposite sides of the speed regulating gearbox; A sun gear is fixedly mounted inside the speed regulating gearbox; a first output shaft is fixed to the inner ring of the sun gear. The outer ring of the planetary gears, the sun gear is located inside the outer ring of the planetary gears, and at least three speed-regulating planetary gears are meshed between the outer ring of the planetary gears and the sun gear. The first output shaft is driven to the planet carrier assembly, and the speed-regulating planetary gears are rotatably connected to the planet carrier assembly. The outer ring of the planetary gear rotates, causing the speed-regulating planetary gear to rotate on its own axis and revolve around the sun gear, thereby realizing the rotation of the first output shaft.

[0006] In a further embodiment of this application, a plurality of the aforementioned speed-regulating planetary gears in a circumferential array are mounted between the outer ring of the planetary gears and the sun gear.

[0007] A further embodiment of this application includes a drive gear, which is rotatably mounted inside the speed regulating gearbox and meshes with the outer wall of the outer ring of the planetary gear.

[0008] In a further embodiment of this application, the planetary carrier assembly includes a speed-regulating planetary carrier one and a speed-regulating planetary carrier two, which are rotatably mounted on the speed-regulating gearbox. The first output shaft passes through the speed-regulating planetary carrier one and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two, and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two and / or the speed-regulating planetary carrier one are connected to the first output shaft via splines.

[0009] Secondly, this application discloses a corn harvesting header, which includes the aforementioned speed change device; header frame; the header frame is equipped with a dividing cover. The ear-picking assembly is installed at the front end of the header frame and is placed in the receiving area of ​​the dividing hood; A screw conveyor assembly, which is rotatably mounted between the two dividing hoods at both ends; The speed change device is fixed on the cutting platform frame and is connected to the drive component. The first output shaft of the speed change device is connected to the ear-picking assembly and the auger assembly, thereby realizing the speed change operation of the ear-picking assembly and the auger assembly.

[0010] In a further embodiment of this application, a first sprocket is fixed on the first output shaft, and the first sprocket is connected to the drive shaft of the auger assembly via a first chain.

[0011] In a further embodiment of this application, the first output shaft is fixed with a second sprocket, and the second sprocket is driven to the drive end of the ear-picking assembly via a second chain.

[0012] A further embodiment of this application also includes a hobbing cutter assembly, which includes a speed-increasing transmission box and a moving cutter roller. The speed-increasing transmission box is fixed on the side wall of the cutting table frame. Multiple cutters are radially mounted on the moving cutter roller. The moving cutter roller is driven to the output end of the speed-increasing transmission box. The input end of the speed-increasing transmission box and the first output shaft are connected by a third chain.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the speed-increasing transmission box includes a rotatably mounted input gear and an output gear, with the diameter of the input gear being larger than that of the output gear; the input gear and the output gear mesh, the input shaft on the input gear and the first output shaft are connected by a third chain, and the second output shaft on the output gear is fixedly connected to the moving cutter roller; The second output shaft is equipped with a meshing sleeve, and the housing of the speed regulating gearbox is connected to a shift rocker arm. The shift rocker arm and the meshing sleeve are fixed together. By swinging the shift rocker arm, the output gear that is engaged with the input gear is switched to disengage or engage.

[0014] Thirdly, this application discloses a harvester that includes the aforementioned corn ear-picking header.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The drive unit is connected to a speed-regulating gearbox, which then inputs power to the working components. During operation, the power of the drive unit can be directly controlled by taking into account crop row spacing, maturity, terrain conditions, and the forward speed of the corn harvester, thus enabling the setting of different operating speeds for the working components. When traveling through large fields, the driver can adapt the working components to the corresponding conditions in specific areas of the field. This greatly improves work efficiency and quality, and eliminates the need for common drive shaft systems, while also reducing equipment noise and vibration. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the transmission device in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmission device in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the corn harvesting platform in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the speed change device in the corn ear-picking and harvesting platform in this embodiment of the application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hobbing cutter assembly in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the speed-increasing gearbox structure in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the speed-regulating planetary carrier in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the speed-regulating planetary carrier II in the embodiments of this application. Figure 9 This is an axonometric view of the sun gear in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is an isometric view of the speed-regulating planetary gear in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is an isometric view of the outer ring of the planetary gear in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] in: 1. Header frame; 2. Harvesting assembly; 3. Auger assembly; 4. Dividing cover; 5. Roller cutter assembly; 501. Speed ​​increase transmission box; 502. Moving cutter roller; 503. Cutter; 505. Input shaft; 506. Input gear; 507. Output gear; 508. Second output shaft; 509. Engaging sleeve; 510. Shift rocker arm; 6. Drive assembly; 601. Speed ​​regulating gearbox; 602. Speed ​​regulating planetary carrier one; 603. Speed ​​regulating planetary carrier two; 604. Sun gear; 605. Speed ​​regulating planetary gear; 606. Speed ​​regulating gearbox cover; 607. Speed ​​regulating gearbox body; 608. Drive gear; 609. Planetary gear outer ring; 610. First output shaft; 611. Single sprocket; 612. First chain; 613. Second chain; 614. Double sprocket; 615. Third chain; 7. Hydraulic motor. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit this application or its application or use. Example 1

[0019] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a speed-changing device, which includes a speed-regulating gearbox 601, a sun gear 604, and a planetary gear outer ring 609. Planetary carrier assemblies are rotatably mounted on opposite sides of the speed-regulating gearbox 601. The planetary assembly can rotate freely, becoming a "dynamic component" participating in power distribution, providing a structural basis for stepless speed regulation. The sun gear 604 is fixedly disposed within the speed-regulating gearbox 601. A first output shaft 610 is fixed to the inner ring of the sun gear 604. The sun gear 604 is located within the outer ring of the planetary gear 609, and at least three speed-regulating planetary gears 605 are meshed between the outer ring of the planetary gear 609 and the sun gear 604. The first output shaft 610 is drive-connected to the planetary carrier assembly, and the speed-regulating planetary gears 605 are rotatably connected to the planetary carrier assembly. The first output shaft 610 is drive-connected to the working component. The rotation of the outer ring of the planetary gear 609 causes the speed-regulating planetary gears 605 to rotate on their own axis and revolve around the sun gear 604, thus enabling the working component to operate.

[0020] When in use, the drive components (hydraulic motor 7, electric motor, etc.) serve as the power source. By adjusting the power of the power source, the rotational speed of the first output shaft 610 is adjusted, allowing the working components to adapt to the corresponding conditions in specific areas of the field, thus achieving rapid changes in power output; this can greatly improve work efficiency and work quality.

[0021] As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown, in this embodiment, three speed-regulating planetary gears 605 are provided. The three speed-regulating planetary gears 605 are arranged in a circumferential array between the outer ring 609 of the planetary gear and the sun gear 604. The inner tooth surface of the outer ring 609 of the planetary gear is fully meshed with the three evenly distributed speed-regulating planetary gears 605 to ensure balanced force. The inner side of the planetary gear is simultaneously meshed with the central sun gear 604, forming a double meshing transmission path of "outer ring - planetary gear - sun gear 604". In this embodiment, a drive gear 608 is also provided. The drive gear 608 is connected to the hydraulic motor 7 and is used as an input structure. The drive gear 608 is rotatably installed in the speed regulating gear box 601. The drive gear 608 meshes with the outer wall of the outer ring 609 of the planetary gear. The hydraulic motor 7 transmits power through the drive gear 608 connected by a spline. The speed regulating gear box 601 includes a speed regulating box cover 606 and a speed regulating box body 607. The two are connected by bolts and sealing strips to form an installation cavity for the installation of the above-mentioned components.

[0022] As attached Figure 2 , Figures 7 to 11 As shown, the planetary carrier assembly in this embodiment includes a speed-regulating planetary carrier one 602 and a speed-regulating planetary carrier two 603. The speed-regulating planetary carrier one 602 and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two 603 are rotatably mounted on the speed control box cover 606 and the speed control box housing 607, respectively. Three speed-regulating planetary gears 605 are symmetrically mounted between the speed-regulating planetary carrier one 602 and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two 603 via pins. The speed-regulating planetary carrier one 602 and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two 603 are fixed by locating pins to ensure synchronous rotation and enhance structural rigidity. A first output shaft 610 passes through the speed-regulating planetary carrier one 602 and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two 603, and the speed-regulating planetary carrier one 602 is connected to the first output shaft 610 via a spline, ensuring that power is efficiently transmitted from the core module to the output end. The output shaft is made of 40Cr alloy steel and the surface is heat treated, which combines strength and toughness and can withstand large torque impact. The output end of the shaft is designed with a keyway or flange structure to facilitate connection with subsequent working mechanisms (such as actuator motor, drive drum, etc.).

[0023] The core speed regulation logic of the speed regulating gearbox 601 is as follows: "The sun gear 604 is fixed. The driving component drives the outer ring of the planetary gear 609 as the active component and the planet carrier as the output. By changing the speed of the outer ring of the planetary gear 609, a speed difference is formed to adjust the differential working condition of the planetary gears, and the transmission ratio is changed to achieve stepless speed regulation of the output shaft." The specific process is as follows: Initial state: The drive unit (hydraulic motor 7) runs at the reference speed, and drives the drive gear 608 to rotate through the spline. The drive gear 608 meshes with the outer ring of the planetary gear 609, and drives the outer ring to rotate clockwise (or counterclockwise) at the corresponding speed. Planetary gear train motion: When the outer ring 609 of the planetary gear rotates, its inner tooth surface drives the three speed-regulating planetary gears 605 to rotate around their own axis. At the same time, since the speed-regulating planetary gears 605 mesh with the central sun gear 604, the reaction force generated by the rotation drives the planet carrier to revolve around the axis of the sun gear 604. Speed ​​adjustment trigger: When the working conditions change and the output speed needs to be adjusted, the hydraulic control system adjusts the input flow of the hydraulic motor 7, changes the output speed of the motor, and synchronously drives the outer ring of the planetary gear 609 to change its speed.

[0024] Motor speed reduction: The outer ring 609 of the planetary gear rotates slowly, which greatly reduces the force that counteracts the revolution of the planetary carrier. The planetary carrier is unrestricted, and the output shaft speed increases. When the motor speed increases: the outer ring 609 of the planetary gear rotates at high speed, the planetary gear rotates around the sun gear 604 on one side and is driven to rotate in the opposite direction by the outer ring 609 of the high-speed planetary gear on the other side. The two motions collide with each other, canceling the power of the planet carrier's revolution. The stronger the collision, the slower the planet carrier rotates, and the speed of the first output shaft 610 decreases.

[0025] By relying on the speed difference between the active speed of the outer ring 609 of the planetary gear and the fixed sun gear 604, the differential operation state of the planetary gear is changed, and the equivalent speed ratio of the gear train is changed in real time to achieve stepless dynamic speed regulation and meet the different speed output requirements of the operation.

[0026] The 601 continuously variable speed gearbox is a transmission device with "modular integration and dynamic speed regulation" as its core, suitable for engineering machinery, automated production lines, and other scenarios requiring high precision in speed regulation. Its four modules have clear division of labor and close collaboration, ensuring structural rigidity while achieving stepless speed regulation through innovative design of the core modules. Compared with traditional fixed transmission ratio gearboxes, it has stronger adaptability to various working conditions.

[0027] The continuously variable speed gearbox 601's housing, acting as the gearbox's "skeleton," plays a crucial role in securing internal components and isolating it from the external environment. Its core components include the gearbox cover 606 and the gearbox body 607. This module is integrally formed using 3D printing technology, offering three major advantages over traditional casting processes: First, high forming precision, accurately matching the installation tolerances of internal bearings and gears (error controlled within ±0.02mm); second, lightweight structure, reducing weight by more than 30% compared to castings while maintaining high strength, thus lowering the overall load on the equipment; and third, ease of implementation of complex structures, allowing for the one-time molding of irregularly shaped structures such as bearing mounting grooves and lubrication channels within the gearbox body, eliminating the need for subsequent processing. Furthermore, the cover and body are sealed together with bolts, and combined with an end-face sealing ring design, effectively preventing lubricant leakage while isolating dust, moisture, and other impurities, extending the service life of internal transmission components.

[0028] In this embodiment, the speed-regulating gearbox 601 combines a gearbox integrated into the transmission system with a planetary gear system. Through a combination of specific planetary gear mechanisms and speed-regulating components, continuous and stepless adjustment of the transmission ratio between input and output is achieved. This gearbox employs pure mechanical gear transmission, resulting in long maintenance cycles, a robust structure, and the ability to withstand significant loads and impacts. It is suitable for continuous operation in harsh environments with high temperature, high humidity, and high dust levels, and has a long service life. Through multi-gear precision arrangement and switching technology, a wide speed range and smooth speed adjustment experience are achieved, meeting operational requirements. The planetary gear transmission, with power splitting and multiple planetary gears simultaneously sharing the load, results in a compact structure and small size, yet it can transmit very large torques and has strong impact resistance. Pure gear meshing transmission typically achieves an efficiency of over 95%, far exceeding that of hydraulic transmissions and most friction-type continuously variable transmissions, resulting in good energy-saving performance. The output speed is guaranteed by the mechanical structure, providing rigid transmission that is largely unaffected by load fluctuations, and its speed stability is superior to electrical systems that rely on slip regulation. Example 2

[0029] Based on the same inventive concept, as shown in the appendix Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a corn harvesting header, which includes a drive assembly 6, a header frame 1, a harvesting assembly 2, and an auger assembly 3. The drive assembly 6 includes a speed regulating gearbox 601 and a single sprocket 611 and a double sprocket 614 fixed on a first output shaft 610. A dividing hood 4 is provided on the header frame 1. The harvesting assembly 2 is installed at the front end of the header frame 1 and is placed in the receiving area of ​​the dividing hood. The auger assembly 3 is rotatably installed between the dividing hoods 4 at both ends. A speed change device is fixed on the header frame 1 and connected to a hydraulic motor 7. The first output shaft 610 of the speed change device drives the harvesting assembly 2 and the auger assembly 3, thereby realizing the speed change operation of the harvesting assembly 2 and the auger assembly 3.

[0030] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the hydraulic motor 7 is connected to the speed regulating gearbox 601 via a splined shaft, and the single sprocket 611 is connected to the drive shaft of the auger assembly 3 via the first chain 612. The double sprocket 614 is connected to the drive end of the ear-picking assembly 2 via the second chain 613, and the double sprocket 614 is transmitted to the roller cutter assembly 5 via the third chain 615. The specific structure of the auger assembly 3 and the ear-picking assembly 2 is based on existing harvesting equipment and belongs to the prior art, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, this embodiment also adds a roller cutter assembly 5, which includes a speed-increasing transmission box 501 and a moving cutter roller 502. The speed-increasing transmission box 501 is fixed on the side wall of the cutting table frame 1. Eight cutters 503 are radially mounted on the moving cutter roller 502. The moving cutter roller 502 is connected to the output end of the speed-increasing transmission box 501. The input end of the speed-increasing transmission box 501 and the first output shaft 610 are connected by a third chain 615.

[0032] As attached Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the speed-increasing transmission box 501 includes an input gear 506 and an output gear 507 that are rotatably arranged. The diameter of the input gear 506 is larger than the diameter of the output gear 507. The input gear 506 and the output gear 507 mesh. The input shaft 505 on the input gear 506 and the first output shaft 610 are connected by a third chain 615. The second output shaft 508 on the output gear 507 is fixedly connected to the moving cutter roller 502. The second output shaft 508 is equipped with a meshing sleeve 509, and the housing of the speed regulating gearbox 601 is connected to a shift rocker arm 510. The shift rocker arm 510 and the meshing sleeve 509 are fixed. By swinging the shift rocker arm 510, the output gear 507 that is meshed with the input gear 506 is switched to disengage or engage.

[0033] The hobbing cutter assembly 5 is equipped with a switchable speed-increasing transmission box 501, allowing users to quickly select whether to return the cutter to the field or not based on actual needs. Example 3

[0034] Based on the same inventive concept, this embodiment discloses a harvester, which includes the corn ear-picking header of the above embodiment. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A speed-changing device, characterized in that, include Speed ​​regulating gearbox; planetary carrier assemblies are rotatably mounted on opposite sides of the speed regulating gearbox; A sun gear is fixedly mounted inside the speed regulating gearbox; a first output shaft is fixed to the inner ring of the sun gear. The outer ring of the planetary gears, the sun gear is located inside the outer ring of the planetary gears, and at least three speed-regulating planetary gears are meshed between the outer ring of the planetary gears and the sun gear. The first output shaft is driven to the planet carrier assembly, and the speed-regulating planetary gears are rotatably connected to the planet carrier assembly. The first output shaft is connected to the working component. The outer ring of the planetary gear rotates, causing the speed-regulating planetary gear to rotate on its own axis and revolve around the sun gear, thereby enabling the working component to work.

2. The speed change device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of the aforementioned variable speed planetary gears are arranged in a circumferential array between the outer ring of the planetary gears and the sun gear.

3. The speed change device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drive gear, which is rotatably mounted in the speed regulating gearbox and meshes with the outer wall of the outer ring of the planetary gear.

4. The speed change device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planetary carrier assembly includes a speed-regulating planetary carrier one and a speed-regulating planetary carrier two, which are rotatably mounted on the speed-regulating gearbox. The first output shaft passes through the speed-regulating planetary carrier one and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two, and the speed-regulating planetary carrier two and / or the speed-regulating planetary carrier one are connected to the first output shaft via splines.

5. A corn tasseling and harvesting platform, characterized in that, Includes the speed change device as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; header frame; the header frame is equipped with a dividing cover. The ear-picking assembly is installed at the front end of the header frame and is placed in the receiving area of ​​the dividing hood; A screw conveyor assembly, which is rotatably mounted between the two dividing hoods at both ends; The speed change device is fixed on the cutting platform frame and is connected to the drive component. The first output shaft of the speed change device is connected to the ear-picking assembly and the auger assembly, thereby realizing the speed change operation of the ear-picking assembly and the auger assembly.

6. The corn harvesting platform according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first sprocket is fixed on the first output shaft, and the first sprocket is connected to the drive shaft of the auger assembly via a first chain.

7. The corn harvesting platform according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first output shaft is fixed with a second sprocket, which is driven to the drive end of the ear-picking assembly via a second chain.

8. The corn harvesting platform according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a hobbing cutter assembly, which includes a speed-increasing transmission box and a moving cutter roller. The speed-increasing transmission box is fixed on the side wall of the cutting table frame. Multiple cutters are radially mounted on the moving cutter roller. The moving cutter roller is driven to the output end of the speed-increasing transmission box. The input end of the speed-increasing transmission box and the first output shaft are connected by a third chain.

9. The corn harvesting platform according to claim 8, characterized in that, The speed-increasing transmission box includes a rotatably mounted input gear and an output gear, with the diameter of the input gear being larger than that of the output gear; the input gear and the output gear mesh, and the input shaft on the input gear and the first output shaft are connected by a third chain, while the second output shaft on the output gear is fixedly connected to the moving cutter roller; The second output shaft is equipped with a meshing sleeve, and the housing of the speed regulating gearbox is connected to a shift rocker arm. The shift rocker arm and the meshing sleeve are fixed together. By swinging the shift rocker arm, the output gear that is engaged with the input gear is switched to disengage or engage.

10. A harvester, characterized in that, Includes the corn harvesting platform as described in any one of claims 5 to 9.

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