Liquid hydrogen on-board storage device and method of storage

Abstract

The application discloses a liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device and a storage method, and relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage. The storage device comprises a storage tank, the inside of the storage tank is matched with a plurality of wave-shaped partitions, the plurality of wave-shaped partitions are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the storage tank, each wave-shaped partition extends along the length direction of the storage tank, and each wave-shaped partition is provided with at least two wave crests, and the communicated storage cavities divided by the plurality of wave-shaped partitions are used for storing liquid hydrogen, so that the liquid hydrogen stored in the storage tank is separated by the at least two wave crests, the reaction force of the wall surface on the liquid hydrogen in the acceleration and braking process of the bearing vehicle is effectively reduced through the wave-shaped partitions, the displacement of the liquid hydrogen is reduced, the work done by the outside on the liquid hydrogen is reduced, the increase of the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen is reduced, the vaporization loss of the liquid hydrogen is reduced, and the large-scale storage tank and transportation of the liquid hydrogen are realized, and the application of and the popularization of hydrogen energy are facilitated. The storage method is based on the aforementioned storage device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid hydrogen vehicle storage technology, specifically to a liquid hydrogen vehicle storage device and storage method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of the global economy and the sharp increase in energy consumption, the reserves of traditional fossil energy, mainly oil, natural gas, and coal, have been drastically reduced, and the greenhouse effect and environmental pollution problems have intensified. Hydrogen energy, as a clean and low-carbon energy source, has been widely utilized and is gradually becoming an important direction for the global energy technology revolution and industrial transformation. Due to the significant advantage of high energy density in liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, vehicle-mounted transportation based on liquid hydrogen storage tanks has become the main hydrogen supply solution for hydrogen refueling stations today. Liquid hydrogen needs to be stored below its critical temperature, approximately 20K (-253℃). The compression and cooling process of hydrogen consumes a large amount of energy, but it is easily vaporized during transportation. In addition, because the Joule-Thomson coefficient is positive when hydrogen is below 193K (-80℃), the hydrogen temperature drops after throttling. However, when the hydrogen temperature is above approximately 193K (-80℃), the coefficient becomes negative, and the hydrogen temperature rises after throttling. During venting, this may cause accelerated vaporization of liquid hydrogen inside the storage tank, or even lead to overpressure and explosion of the tank. Therefore, safe and efficient transportation of large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tanks has become a technical challenge restricting the utilization of hydrogen energy.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies generally employ miniaturized storage devices such as hydrogen storage cylinders, or use liquid hydrogen as fuel for vehicle operation, lacking research on large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tanks. Existing technologies have many problems, making it difficult to achieve large-scale on-board liquid hydrogen storage tanks, such as: (1) vaporization loss: due to vehicle braking and acceleration, the liquid hydrogen storage tank vibrates during transportation, leading to an increase in internal energy, a rise in temperature, and vaporization, resulting in liquid hydrogen loss; (2) emergency venting: when vaporization occurs, the pressure inside the tank increases, and emergency venting is required to avoid overpressure. However, due to the high density of liquid hydrogen, direct venting will cause a large amount of hydrogen to accumulate inside the tank, which can easily cause the tank to overpressure and explode; (3) waste of cold energy: compared to small storage tanks, large storage tanks have higher energy density and more abundant cold energy. Directly vaporizing liquid hydrogen during unloading will lead to a large waste of cold energy.

[0004] In other words, existing technologies mainly focus on vehicle-mounted hydrogen fuel storage tanks and small storage tanks, and lack solutions for potential vaporization losses, safe venting, and cold energy recovery when liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage tank devices are scaled up. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem of significant vaporization loss in existing vehicle-mounted hydrogen fuel storage tanks due to their large size, this invention provides a liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device and storage method. This effectively solves the technical problem of vaporization loss after the expansion of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, facilitating the large-scale storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen and promoting the application and promotion of hydrogen energy.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device, including a storage tank, wherein multiple corrugated baffles are adapted inside the storage tank, the multiple corrugated baffles are spaced apart along the height direction of the storage tank, each corrugated baffle extends along the length direction of the storage tank, and each corrugated baffle is provided with at least two peaks, and the communicating storage cavities divided by the multiple corrugated baffles are used to store liquid hydrogen.

[0008] The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device provided by this invention includes a storage tank equipped with multiple corrugated baffles. These baffles are spaced apart along the height of the storage tank and extend along its length. Each baffle has at least two peaks, allowing the liquid hydrogen stored in the tank to be separated by these peaks. This decomposes the inertial force of the liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration, effectively reducing the reaction force exerted on the liquid hydrogen by the vehicle walls during acceleration and braking. This reduces the displacement of the liquid hydrogen, thereby reducing the work done on it by external forces, decreasing the increase in its internal energy, and ultimately reducing vaporization loss. This invention effectively solves the technical problem of vaporization loss in large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tanks, facilitating the development and transportation of large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tanks and promoting the application and promotion of hydrogen energy.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of this application, each of the storage cavities is equipped with a hydrogen injection branch pipe, each of the hydrogen injection branch pipes is connected to a hydrogen injection main pipe, and the hydrogen injection main pipe is equipped with a hydrogen injection shut-off valve to facilitate the injection of liquid hydrogen into the corresponding storage cavity and to seal the storage tank.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of this application, the storage tank is equipped with a vent pipe, which includes a contraction channel, a throat, and an expansion channel connected in sequence. The contraction channel communicates with the inner cavity of the storage tank, and the expansion channel is equipped with a vent shut-off valve. Emergency venting of the storage tank can be performed through the vent pipe. At the same time, the contraction channel and the expansion channel are used together for throttling venting. When the cryogenic liquid hydrogen passes through the contraction channel, the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction channel gradually decreases, which allows the liquid hydrogen to release heat relatively slowly, thereby reducing the vaporization rate of liquid hydrogen in the storage tank. Furthermore, the expansion channel ensures the mass flow rate of liquid hydrogen during emergency venting to the upper atmosphere. Thus, while ensuring venting efficiency, the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporized in the storage tank during venting is reduced, effectively controlling the dangerous overpressure condition in the storage tank.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of this application, multiple orifice plates are installed in the throat, and the multiple orifice plates are spaced apart along the length of the throat. Liquid hydrogen is further throttled through the orifice plates, which allows it to absorb heat from the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank, thereby further reducing the vaporization rate of liquid hydrogen in the storage tank.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of this application, a heat insulation tank is further included. The heat insulation tank is sealed and fitted outside the storage tank, and each side wall of the heat insulation tank is spaced apart from the corresponding side wall of the storage tank, so as to facilitate heat insulation through a double-layer vacuum structure and ensure sufficient heat insulation effect.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of this application, a first buffer spring is provided between the two ends of the heat insulation tank along its length and the corresponding ends of the storage tank. The first buffer spring provides support and buffer for the storage tank, thereby providing buffer for the storage tank during vehicle start-up and braking, further reducing the force on the liquid hydrogen, thereby further reducing the increase in the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen and reducing vaporization loss.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of this application, the heat insulation tank is equipped with a first pressure sensor, which is used to monitor the air pressure inside the heat insulation tank so as to monitor the vacuum level inside the heat insulation tube in real time.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of this application, the heat insulation tank is equipped with a suction pipe, and the suction pipe is equipped with a suction shut-off valve to facilitate the extraction of negative pressure from the inner cavity of the heat insulation tank.

[0016] In an optional embodiment of this application, a sealed container is also included, which is sealed and fitted outside the heat-insulating container to provide airtight protection and prevent leakage of liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas.

[0017] In an optional embodiment of this application, a second buffer spring is provided between both ends of the sealed container along its length and the corresponding ends of the heat insulation container. The second buffer spring provides support and buffer for the heat insulation container, thereby providing buffer during vehicle start-up and braking, further reducing the force on the liquid hydrogen, and thus further reducing the increase in the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen and reducing vaporization loss.

[0018] In an optional embodiment of this application, the sealed container is equipped with a second pressure sensor, which is used to monitor the air pressure inside the sealed container in order to monitor the air pressure inside the sealed container in real time.

[0019] In an optional embodiment of this application, the sealed container is equipped with a gas injection pipe, and the gas injection pipe is equipped with a gas injection shut-off valve to inject high-pressure gas into the sealed container, so that the sealed container maintains positive pressure and further prevents liquid hydrogen or hydrogen leakage.

[0020] In an optional embodiment of this application, a cold energy power generation system is also included. The air inlet of the cold energy power generation system is connected to the inner cavity of the storage tank. The cold energy power generation system can generate electricity when unloading hydrogen from the storage tank, so as to realize the recovery and utilization of cold energy during hydrogen unloading, improve economic efficiency, and save energy and protect the environment.

[0021] In an optional embodiment of this application, the cold energy power generation system includes: an evaporator connected to the storage tank via an unloading pipe, the evaporation chamber capable of vaporizing liquid hydrogen, and the unloading pipe being equipped with an unloading shut-off valve; and an expander connected to the evaporator, capable of converting the vaporized gas pressure of the evaporator into electrical energy, and the output end of the expander being connected to the output flow channel of the evaporator, to ensure that the cold energy power generation system can convert the cold energy of liquid hydrogen into electrical energy.

[0022] In an optional embodiment of this application, the cold energy power generation system further includes: an inverter connected to the expander, the inverter being used to convert the current output by the expander into alternating current; and a rechargeable battery installed at the bottom of the sealed container, the rechargeable battery being electrically connected to the inverter, the rechargeable battery being used to store the electrical energy delivered by the inverter and to supply power to electrical appliances, so as to facilitate the storage of electrical energy converted from the cold energy of liquid hydrogen.

[0023] In an optional embodiment of this application, a protective cabinet is also included. The protective cabinet is a sealed cavity structure, and the evaporator, the expander and the inverter are all installed inside the protective cabinet to provide sealed protection for the inverter and the expander, thereby preventing leakage during the unloading of liquid hydrogen.

[0024] In an optional embodiment of this application, the protective cabinet is equipped with a third pressure sensor to facilitate real-time monitoring of the air pressure inside the protective cabinet.

[0025] In an optional embodiment of this application, a buffer pad is also included, which is installed at the bottom of the rechargeable battery and the protective cabinet to provide cushioning for the entire tank, thereby further reducing the force exerted on the liquid hydrogen when the vehicle accelerates or decelerates.

[0026] In an optional embodiment of this application, the radius of the waveform of the corrugated baffle is determined based on the pressure difference in the storage tank, the density of liquid hydrogen, the driving speed of the vehicle, and the distance between adjacent corrugated baffles, so as to ensure that the corrugated baffle can effectively decompose the inertial force of liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration.

[0027] In an optional embodiment of this application, the radius calculation model for the waveform of the waveform diaphragm is as follows: Where ΔP is the pressure difference inside the storage tank, in MPa; ρ is the density of liquid hydrogen, in kg / m³.3 ;ν 0 ν represents the initial velocity of the car, in m / s. 1 The velocity reached by the car after acceleration or deceleration is expressed in m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity, expressed in m / s². 2 .

[0028] In an optional embodiment of this application, the spacing between adjacent waveform partitions is less than the radius of the waveform of the waveform partition and greater than half the radius of the waveform of the waveform partition.

[0029] Secondly, the present invention provides a liquid hydrogen on-vehicle storage method, based on the above-mentioned liquid hydrogen on-vehicle storage device, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S10. Extract the gas from the heat insulation tank to bring the heat insulation tank into a set vacuum state;

[0031] S20. Inject sealing gas into the sealing container so that the gas pressure inside the sealing container is at the set positive pressure state;

[0032] S30. Inject liquid hydrogen into the storage tank.

[0033] The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage method provided by this invention, based on the aforementioned liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device, can decompose the inertial force of liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration, effectively reducing the reaction force of the vehicle wall on the liquid hydrogen during acceleration and braking, thereby reducing the displacement of liquid hydrogen and thus reducing the work done on the liquid hydrogen by the outside, reducing the increase of the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen, and thus reducing the vaporization loss of liquid hydrogen. It can effectively solve the technical problem of vaporization loss after the scaling up of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, so as to realize the scaling up of liquid hydrogen storage tanks and transportation, which is conducive to the application and promotion of hydrogen energy. Furthermore, it can reduce the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization in the storage tank during the venting process while ensuring venting efficiency, effectively controlling the dangerous overpressure condition in the storage tank. At the same time, it can realize the recovery and utilization of cold energy during hydrogen unloading, improving economic efficiency and saving energy and protecting the environment.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device provided by this invention includes multiple corrugated baffles inside the storage tank. These baffles are spaced apart along the height of the storage tank and extend along its length. Each baffle has at least two peaks, allowing the liquid hydrogen stored in the tank to be separated by these peaks. This decomposes the inertial force of the liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration, effectively reducing the reaction force exerted on the liquid hydrogen by the vehicle wall during acceleration and braking. This reduces the displacement of the liquid hydrogen, thereby reducing the work done on it by external forces, decreasing the increase in its internal energy, and ultimately reducing vaporization loss. This effectively solves the technical problem of vaporization loss in large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tanks, facilitating the development and transportation of large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tanks and promoting the application and promotion of hydrogen energy.

[0036] 2. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage method provided by this invention, based on the aforementioned liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device, can decompose the inertial force of liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration, effectively reducing the reaction force of the vehicle wall on the liquid hydrogen during acceleration and braking, thereby reducing the displacement of liquid hydrogen and thus reducing the work done on the liquid hydrogen by the outside, reducing the increase of the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen, and thus reducing the vaporization loss of liquid hydrogen. It can effectively solve the technical problem of vaporization loss after the large-scale development of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, so as to realize the large-scale storage tanks and transportation of liquid hydrogen, which is conducive to the application and promotion of hydrogen energy. Furthermore, it can reduce the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization in the storage tank during the venting process while ensuring venting efficiency, effectively controlling the dangerous overpressure conditions in the storage tank. At the same time, it can realize the recovery and utilization of cold energy during hydrogen unloading, improving economic efficiency and saving energy and protecting the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] In the attached diagram:

[0039] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the main body of the liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the waveform partition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of force analysis results between a corrugated diaphragm and a straight plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vent pipe provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0045] 1-Storage tank, 2-Wavefront baffle, 3-Hydrogen injection branch pipe, 4-Hydrogen injection main pipe, 5-Hydrogen injection shut-off valve, 6-Vent pipe, 7-Contraction channel, 8-Throat, 9-Expansion channel, 10-Vent shut-off valve, 11-Orifice plate, 12-Insulated tank, 13-First buffer spring, 14-First pressure sensor, 15-Suction pipe, 16-Suction shut-off valve, 17-Sealed tank, 18-Second buffer spring, 19-Second pressure sensor, 20-Gas injection pipe, 21-Gas injection shut-off valve, 22-Evaporator, 23-Unloading pipe, 24-Unloading shut-off valve, 25-Expander, 26-Inverter, 27-Rechargeable battery, 28-Protective cabinet, 29-Third pressure sensor, 30-Buffer pad, 31-Storage tank electrical control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0047] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0049] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this application is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 4 This embodiment provides a liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device, including a storage tank 1. The storage tank 1 is equipped with multiple corrugated baffles 2. The multiple corrugated baffles 2 are spaced apart along the height direction of the storage tank 1. Each corrugated baffle 2 extends along the length direction of the storage tank 1, and each corrugated baffle 2 is provided with at least two peaks. The interconnected storage cavities divided by the multiple corrugated baffles 2 are used to store liquid hydrogen.

[0052] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is understood that the radius of the waveform of the waveform 2 is determined based on the pressure difference in the storage tank 1, the density of liquid hydrogen, the driving speed of the vehicle, and the distance between adjacent waveform 2, so as to ensure that the waveform 2 can effectively decompose the inertial force of liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration.

[0053] In this embodiment, the radius calculation model for the waveform of the waveform diaphragm is as follows: Where ΔP is the pressure difference inside the storage tank, in MPa; ρ is the density of liquid hydrogen, in kg / m³. 3 ;ν 0 ν represents the initial velocity of the car, in m / s. 1 The velocity reached by the car after acceleration or deceleration is expressed in m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity, which can be taken as 9.8, and its unit is m / s². 2 .

[0054] Specifically, the spacing between adjacent waveform partitions 2 is less than the radius of the waveform of the waveform partition 2 and greater than half the radius of the waveform of the waveform partition 2.

[0055] In this embodiment, two corrugated baffles 2 are provided. The two corrugated baffles 2 are welded to the inner wall of the storage tank 1 from top to bottom along the axial direction. Each corrugated baffle 2 has two peaks to divide the storage tank 1 into three storage chambers from top to bottom for storing liquid hydrogen. This is to reduce the inertial force of liquid hydrogen decomposition during emergency braking and acceleration, and to prevent external work on the liquid hydrogen from causing the temperature to rise and the liquid hydrogen to vaporize.

[0056] Continue to combine Figure 4 Each of the storage cavities is equipped with a hydrogen injection branch pipe 3, and each of the hydrogen injection branch pipes 3 is connected to the hydrogen injection main pipe 4. The hydrogen injection main pipe 4 is equipped with a hydrogen injection shut-off valve 5 to facilitate the injection of liquid hydrogen into the corresponding storage cavity and to seal the storage tank 1.

[0057] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5The storage tank 1 is equipped with a vent pipe 6. Based on the different throttling heat release and heat absorption characteristics of hydrogen at 193K (-80℃), the vent pipe 6 includes a contraction channel 7, a throat 8, and an expansion channel 9 connected in sequence. The contraction channel 7 is connected to the inner cavity of the storage tank 1, and the expansion channel 9 is equipped with a vent shut-off valve 10. Emergency venting of the storage tank 1 can be performed through the vent pipe 6. At the same time, the contraction channel 7 and the expansion channel 9 are used together for throttling venting. When the cryogenic liquid hydrogen passes through the contraction channel 7, the cross-sectional area of ​​the contraction channel 7 gradually decreases, which allows the liquid hydrogen to release heat relatively slowly, thereby reducing the vaporization rate of liquid hydrogen in the storage tank. Furthermore, the expansion channel 9 ensures the mass flow rate of liquid hydrogen during emergency venting to the upper atmosphere. Thus, while ensuring venting efficiency, the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporized in the storage tank 1 during the venting process is reduced, effectively controlling the overpressure dangerous condition in the storage tank 1.

[0058] Continue to combine Figure 5 Multiple orifice plates 11 are installed inside the throat 8. The multiple orifice plates 11 are spaced apart along the length of the throat 8. Liquid hydrogen is further throttled through the orifice plates 11, which allows it to absorb heat from the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank, thereby further reducing the vaporization rate of liquid hydrogen in the storage tank.

[0059] It is understood that this embodiment also includes a heat insulation tank 12, which is sealed and fitted outside the storage tank 1, and each side wall of the heat insulation tank 12 is spaced apart from the corresponding side wall of the storage tank 1, so as to achieve heat insulation through a double-layer vacuum structure and ensure sufficient heat insulation effect.

[0060] Based on this, a first buffer spring 13 is provided between the two ends of the heat insulation tank 12 along its length and the corresponding ends of the storage tank 1. The first buffer spring 13 provides support and buffer for the storage tank 1, so as to provide buffer for the storage tank 1 during vehicle start-up and braking, thereby further reducing the force on the liquid hydrogen, thereby further reducing the increase of the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen and reducing vaporization loss.

[0061] Meanwhile, the heat insulation tank 12 is equipped with a first pressure sensor 14, which is used to monitor the air pressure inside the heat insulation tank 12 so as to monitor the vacuum level inside the heat insulation tube in real time.

[0062] The heat insulation tank 12 is equipped with a suction pipe, and the suction pipe is equipped with a suction shut-off valve 16 to facilitate the extraction of negative pressure from the inner cavity of the heat insulation tank 12.

[0063] It should be understood that this embodiment also includes a sealed container 17, which is sealed and fitted outside the heat-insulating container 12 to provide airtight protection and prevent leakage of liquid hydrogen or hydrogen gas.

[0064] Similarly, a second buffer spring 18 is provided between the two ends of the sealed container 17 along its length and the corresponding ends of the heat insulation container 12. The second buffer spring 18 provides support and buffer for the heat insulation container 12, so as to provide buffer for the heat insulation container 12 during vehicle start-up and braking, thereby further reducing the force on the liquid hydrogen, thereby further reducing the increase of the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen and reducing vaporization loss.

[0065] Accordingly, the sealed container 17 is equipped with a second pressure sensor 19, which is used to monitor the air pressure inside the sealed container 17 so as to monitor the air pressure inside the sealed container 17 in real time.

[0066] Specifically, the sealed container 17 is equipped with a gas injection pipe, and the gas injection pipe is equipped with a gas injection shut-off valve 21 to inject high-pressure gas into the sealed container 17, so that the sealed container 17 maintains positive pressure and further prevents liquid hydrogen or hydrogen leakage.

[0067] Furthermore, this embodiment also includes a cold energy power generation system. The air inlet of the cold energy power generation system is connected to the inner cavity of the storage tank 1. The cold energy power generation system can generate electricity when unloading hydrogen from the storage tank 1, so as to realize the recovery and utilization of cold energy during hydrogen unloading, improve economic efficiency, and save energy and protect the environment.

[0068] Specifically, the cold energy power generation system includes: an evaporator 22, which is connected to the storage tank 1 via an unloading pipe 23. The evaporation chamber is capable of vaporizing liquid hydrogen, and the unloading pipe 23 is equipped with an unloading shut-off valve 24; and an expander 25, which is connected to the evaporator 22. The expander 25 is capable of converting the vaporized gas pressure of the evaporator into electrical energy, and the output end of the expander 25 is connected to the output channel of the evaporator 22 to ensure that the cold energy power generation system can convert the cold energy of liquid hydrogen into electrical energy.

[0069] It is understood that the cold energy power generation system also includes: an inverter 26, which is connected to the expander 25 and is used to convert the current output by the expander 25 into alternating current; and a rechargeable battery 27, which is installed at the bottom of the sealed tank 17 and is electrically connected to the inverter 26. The rechargeable battery 27 is used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the inverter 26 and to supply power to electrical appliances, so as to store the electrical energy converted from the cold energy of liquid hydrogen.

[0070] This embodiment also includes a protective cabinet 28, which is a sealed cavity structure. The evaporator 22, the expander 25 and the inverter 26 are all installed inside the protective cabinet 28 to provide sealed protection for the inverter 26 and the expander 25, so as to avoid leakage during the unloading of liquid hydrogen.

[0071] It should be known that the protective cabinet 28 is equipped with a third pressure sensor 29 to monitor the air pressure inside the protective cabinet 28 in real time.

[0072] In practical applications, this embodiment also includes a buffer pad 30, which is installed at the bottom of the rechargeable battery 27 and the protective cabinet 28 to provide buffering for the entire tank, thereby further reducing the force on the liquid hydrogen when the vehicle accelerates or decelerates.

[0073] In other words, storage tank 1 and heat insulation tank 12 are sequentially placed inside sealed tank 17, with storage tank 1 inside heat insulation tank 12. The bottom of sealed tank 17 is connected to rechargeable battery 27 via battery mounting bracket. A cold energy power generation system is installed on the left side of sealed tank 17, separated by the pipe wall of sealed tank 17. Storage tank 1 is connected to evaporator 22 below via pipe, evaporator 22 is connected to expander 25 below via pipe, expander 25 is connected to inverter 26 via wire, inverter 26 is connected to rechargeable battery 27 via wire, and vehicle battery is connected to storage tank electronic control unit 31 via wire.

[0074] Typically, the storage tank electrical control unit 31 is welded to the outside of the sealed tank 17; the vent pipe 6 is placed above the storage tank 1, the heat insulation tank 12 and the sealed tank 17, and is connected to the storage tank 1 by drilling; at the same time, all the above components are placed above the buffer pad 30.

[0075] In this implementation:

[0076] A first pressure sensor 14 is installed on the upper right side of the heat insulation tank 12. The inside is a vacuum. The pressure sensor is used to monitor the real-time pressure value in the heat insulation tank 12. The heat insulation tank 12 is connected to the storage tank 1 by multiple first buffer springs 13 (four in total). The first buffer springs 13 are connected and symmetrically arranged in pairs along the axial direction to relieve the force on the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank 1 caused by inertia when the vehicle accelerates or brakes.

[0077] A second pressure sensor 19 is installed on the upper left of the sealed tank 17. The inside of the sensor is nitrogen. The second pressure sensor 19 is used to monitor the real-time pressure value in the heat insulation tank 12. The sealed tank 17 and the heat insulation tank 12 are connected by multiple second buffer springs 18 (four in total). The second buffer springs 18 are connected and symmetrically arranged in pairs along the axial direction. They can further alleviate the pressure on the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank 1 caused by inertia when the vehicle accelerates or brakes.

[0078] A third pressure sensor 29 is installed on the upper left of the protective cabinet 28 of the cold energy power generation system. It is filled with nitrogen and is used to monitor the real-time pressure value in the protective cabinet 28.

[0079] In this embodiment, the hydrogen injection pipe is vertically placed inside the sealed tank 17 by drilling holes, and then splits into three branches to the left, which enter the heat insulation tank 12 and the storage tank 1 in sequence. The evaporator 22 and the expander 25 are connected to form a circulation loop.

[0080] The storage tank electrical control unit 31 is connected to the three pressure sensors via a communication line. During the unloading of liquid hydrogen, the evaporator and expander 25 generate electricity by expanding based on cold energy. The inverter 26 converts the DC power from the outlet of the expander 25 into AC power, which is then fed into the storage tank electrical control unit 31 via wires, thereby enabling the monitoring and power supply of the three pressure sensors.

[0081] In summary, the liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device provided in this embodiment has multiple corrugated baffles 2 inside the storage tank 1. The corrugated baffles 2 are spaced apart along the height direction of the storage tank 1 and extend along the length direction of the storage tank 1. Each corrugated baffle 2 has at least two peaks, so that the liquid hydrogen stored in the storage tank 1 is separated by at least two peaks. This allows the corrugated baffles 2 to decompose the inertial force of the liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration, effectively reducing the reaction force of the wall on the liquid hydrogen during the acceleration and braking of the vehicle, thereby reducing the displacement of the liquid hydrogen, reducing the work done on the liquid hydrogen by the outside, reducing the increase of the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen, and thus reducing the vaporization loss of the liquid hydrogen.

[0082] During vehicle transportation, the on-board battery supplies power to the tank control unit 31, which in turn supplies power to the three pressure sensors to monitor the pressure inside the heat insulation tank 12, the sealed tank 17, and the cold energy power generation system.

[0083] During vehicle transport, the compression and release of the first buffer spring 13 and the second buffer spring 18 alleviate the kinetic energy transfer caused by vehicle acceleration or braking. The force on the liquid hydrogen in storage tank 1 is decomposed by the fixed corrugated baffle 2, reducing the work done on the liquid hydrogen by the outside and reducing the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization. In this embodiment, when the internal pressure of storage tank 1 is 38MPa, the force on the straight tank wall and the corrugated tank wall are calculated respectively, and the results are attached. Figure 2 As shown, the straight tank wall experiences a force of 38.28 N, while the corrugated tank wall experiences a force of 16.93 N, a decrease of approximately 56%. With the restriction of the liquid hydrogen's movement space, the work done on the liquid hydrogen by the external environment is greatly reduced. Therefore, the problem of liquid hydrogen vaporization loss can be effectively solved.

[0084] Before unloading from the vehicle, the evaporator 22, expander 25, and inverter 26 are first turned on to preheat the equipment and bring it to a stable operating state. Then, liquid hydrogen in storage tank 1 is sequentially introduced into the evaporator 22 and expander 25. The liquid hydrogen is vaporized into high-pressure, room-temperature gaseous hydrogen in the evaporator 22. The high-pressure hydrogen is then expanded in the expander 25 to generate electricity. The room-temperature, atmospheric-pressure hydrogen after expansion in the expander 25 is then returned to the evaporator 22 and then fed into the hydrogen storage equipment at the station through a flow pipeline, achieving safe unloading of the hydrogen. The DC power generated by the expansion of hydrogen in the expander 25 is transmitted through wires to the inverter 26 to convert it into AC power. The AC power output from the inverter 26 is then transmitted through wires to the rechargeable battery 27 to provide real-time power and charge the battery.

[0085] If an overpressure condition occurs during transportation, the vent shut-off valve 10 should be opened to ensure that the vent pipe 6 is unobstructed, so that the liquid hydrogen can be passed through the contraction channel 7, the throttling orifice plate 11 and the expansion channel 9 in sequence, and finally the liquid hydrogen can be safely vented.

[0086] In summary, the liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device provided in this embodiment can effectively solve the technical problem of vaporization loss after the scaling up of liquid hydrogen storage tanks, so as to realize the large-scale storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen and facilitate the application and promotion of hydrogen energy; it can reduce the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization in storage tank 1 during the venting process while ensuring venting efficiency, and effectively control the dangerous overpressure condition in storage tank 1; it can realize the recovery and utilization of cold energy during hydrogen unloading, improve economic efficiency, and save energy and protect the environment.

[0087] In addition, the liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device provided in this embodiment is simple to operate, low in cost, universally applicable, easy to scale up production, and has good application prospects.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] This embodiment provides a liquid hydrogen on-vehicle storage method, based on the liquid hydrogen on-vehicle storage device described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0090] S10. Extract the gas from the heat insulation tank 12 to bring the heat insulation tank 12 into a set vacuum state.

[0091] S20. Inject sealing gas into the sealing container 17 so that the gas pressure in the sealing container 17 is in a set positive pressure state.

[0092] S30. Inject liquid hydrogen into the storage tank 1.

[0093] In summary, the liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage method provided in this embodiment, based on the liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device described in Embodiment 1, can decompose the inertial force of liquid hydrogen during braking and acceleration, effectively reduce the reaction force of the wall on the liquid hydrogen during the acceleration and braking of the vehicle, thereby reducing the displacement of liquid hydrogen and thus reducing the work done on the liquid hydrogen by the outside, reducing the increase of the internal energy of the liquid hydrogen, and thus reducing the vaporization loss of liquid hydrogen. It can effectively solve the technical problem of vaporization loss after the large-scale liquid hydrogen storage tank, so as to realize the large-scale storage tank and transportation of liquid hydrogen, which is conducive to the application and promotion of hydrogen energy. Furthermore, while ensuring the venting efficiency, it can reduce the amount of liquid hydrogen vaporization in storage tank 1 during the venting process, effectively controlling the dangerous overpressure condition in storage tank 1. At the same time, it can realize the recovery and utilization of cold energy during hydrogen unloading, improve economic efficiency, and save energy and protect the environment.

[0094] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen on-board storage device, characterized in that, The system includes a storage tank (1), which is equipped with multiple corrugated baffles (2) inside. The multiple corrugated baffles (2) are spaced apart along the height direction of the storage tank (1), and each corrugated baffle (2) extends along the length direction of the storage tank (1). Each corrugated baffle (2) has at least two peaks. The interconnected storage cavities divided by the multiple corrugated baffles (2) are used to store liquid hydrogen.

2. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned storage cavities is equipped with a hydrogen injection branch pipe (3), and each of the aforementioned hydrogen injection branch pipes (3) is connected to the hydrogen injection main pipe (4), which is equipped with a hydrogen injection shut-off valve (5).

3. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage tank (1) is equipped with a vent pipe (6), which includes a contraction channel (7), a throat (8) and an expansion channel (9) connected in sequence. The contraction channel (7) is connected to the inner cavity of the storage tank (1), and the expansion channel (9) is equipped with a vent shut-off valve (10).

4. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple perforated plates (11) are installed inside the throat (8), and the multiple perforated plates (11) are spaced apart along the length direction of the throat (8).

5. The liquid hydrogen on-board storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heat insulation tank (12), which is sealed outside the storage tank (1), and each side wall of the heat insulation tank (12) is spaced apart from the corresponding side wall of the storage tank (1).

6. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first buffer spring (13) is provided between both ends of the heat insulation tank (12) along its length and the corresponding ends of the storage tank (1).

7. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat insulation tank (12) is equipped with a first pressure sensor (14), which is used to monitor the air pressure inside the heat insulation tank (12).

8. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat insulation tank (12) is equipped with a suction pipe, and the suction pipe is equipped with a suction shut-off valve (16).

9. The liquid hydrogen on-board storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a sealed container (17), which is sealed and fitted outside the heat insulation container (12).

10. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, A second buffer spring (18) is provided between both ends of the sealed container (17) along its length and the corresponding ends of the heat insulation container (12).

11. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sealed container (17) is equipped with a second pressure sensor (19) for monitoring the air pressure inside the sealed container (17).

12. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The sealed container (17) is equipped with an air injection pipe, which is equipped with an air injection shut-off valve (21).

13. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a cold energy power generation system, the air inlet of which is connected to the inner cavity of the storage tank (1), and the cold energy power generation system is able to generate electricity when hydrogen is unloaded from the storage tank (1).

14. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The cold energy power generation system includes: An evaporator (22) is connected to the storage tank (1) via an unloading pipe (23). The evaporation chamber is capable of vaporizing liquid hydrogen, and the unloading pipe (23) is equipped with an unloading shut-off valve (24). An expander (25) is connected to the evaporator (22). The expander (25) can convert the vaporized gas pressure of the evaporator into electrical energy, and the output end of the expander (25) is connected to the output channel of the evaporator (22).

15. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The cold energy power generation system also includes: Inverter (26), which is connected to the expander (25), is used to convert the current output by the expander (25) into alternating current; A rechargeable battery (27) is installed at the bottom of the sealed container (17). The rechargeable battery (27) is electrically connected to the inverter (26). The rechargeable battery (27) is used to store the electrical energy delivered by the inverter (26) and to supply power to electrical appliances.

16. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 15, characterized in that, It also includes a protective cabinet (28), which is a sealed cavity structure, and the evaporator (22), the expander (25) and the inverter (26) are all installed inside the protective cabinet (28).

17. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The protective cabinet (28) is equipped with a third pressure sensor (29).

18. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that, It also includes a cushioning pad (30) which is installed at the bottom of the rechargeable battery (27) and the protective cabinet (28).

19. The on-board liquid hydrogen storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, The radius of the waveform of the waveform partition (2) is determined based on the pressure difference in the storage tank (1), the density of liquid hydrogen, the driving speed of the vehicle, and the distance between adjacent waveform partitions (2).

20. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The radius calculation model for the waveform of the waveform partition is as follows: Wherein, ΔP is the pressure difference inside the storage tank, in MPa; ρ is the density of liquid hydrogen, in kg / m³ 3 ; ν 0 The initial velocity of the car is expressed in m / s. ν 1 The speed reached by a car after acceleration or deceleration, measured in m / s; g is the acceleration due to gravity, and its unit is m / s². 2 .

21. The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 20, characterized in that, The spacing between adjacent waveform partitions (2) is less than the radius of the waveform of the waveform partition (2) and greater than half the radius of the waveform of the waveform partition (2).

22. A method for on-board storage of liquid hydrogen, characterized in that, The liquid hydrogen vehicle-mounted storage device according to claim 21 includes the following steps: S10. Extract the gas from the heat insulation tank (12) so that the heat insulation tank (12) is in a set vacuum state; S20. Inject sealing gas into the sealing container (17) so that the gas pressure in the sealing container (17) is in a set positive pressure state; S30. Inject liquid hydrogen into the storage tank (1).

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