A ventilation control system and method for inhibiting cross-space transmission of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions

Abstract

This invention discloses a ventilation control system and method for suppressing cross-space transmission of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions. The system includes a dynamic disturbance sensor for detecting dynamic disturbance events at openings; an independent auxiliary ventilation subsystem comprising a fan, exhaust and supply air vents for two zones, and an air filter in the airflow path; and a control unit configured to activate the subsystem very quickly after detecting a dynamic disturbance, monitor the opening area in real time, adaptively adjust the airflow, and form a directional airflow barrier with a preset target wind speed across the entire airflow cross-section of the opening. The system employs a single-fan closed-loop circulation or a dual-fan independent configuration. This invention's system starts and stops on demand, responds rapidly, has a simplified structure, operates independently of the main ventilation system, and maintains a balanced supply and exhaust airflow to avoid significant interference with the original pressure balance of the room area. It can quickly, effectively, and economically prevent the cross-space transmission of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building ventilation technology, specifically relating to a system and method for actively preventing or mitigating the trans-spatial transport of airborne pollutants, particularly suitable for controlling such transport during dynamic disturbances (e.g., door opening / closing or personnel passage). This invention has particular application value in building environments with strict requirements for controlling specific airborne pollutants (such as airborne pathogens, harmful particulate matter, or chemical gases), such as medical facilities, laboratories, clean rooms, pharmaceutical cleanrooms, and large cleanrooms. Background Technology

[0002] In environments such as medical facilities, laboratories, and other specific industrial settings, harmful airborne contaminants, such as pathogens, chemical vapors, or particulate matter, may be present. In these environments, preventing the spread of contaminants from contaminated areas (high-contamination zones) to adjacent clean areas (low-contamination zones) is crucial for protecting personnel health, maintaining product quality, and ensuring the integrity of experiments.

[0003] One traditional strategy for controlling contaminants is to utilize negative pressure ventilation systems. In such systems, mechanical ventilation maintains a lower static pressure in highly contaminated areas relative to adjacent areas, such as corridors or buffer zones. This negative pressure gradient is designed to ensure that when all doors and windows are closed, air flows primarily from clean areas to contaminated areas, thus confining contaminants to the source area. For example, this method is commonly used in hospital isolation wards to prevent the spread of pathogens.

[0004] However, these conventional negative pressure systems have significant limitations under dynamic disturbance conditions. When a door connecting a high-contamination area and a low-contamination area is opened (e.g., due to personnel entry / exit or equipment relocation), a large air exchange opening is created. The area of ​​this opening is much larger than the normal leakage path considered in the system design, causing the pressure differential to rapidly decrease or even disappear. Existing exhaust systems are often insufficient to cope with this sudden increase in air exchange demand and cannot maintain an effective negative pressure gradient at the opening. As a result, during door opening and personnel passage, contaminants may be transferred uncontrollably from the high-contamination area to the low-contamination area, posing a serious safety hazard or pollution risk. This failure mode highlights the inadequacy of traditional static negative pressure systems in dealing with frequent dynamic disturbances such as door opening / closing and personnel passage.

[0005] To address the challenge of pollutant control under dynamic disturbances, existing technologies have proposed several improved solutions. For example, Chinese patent application CN117404779A discloses a method for dynamically maintaining the pressure difference between adjacent rooms after a door is opened, using a variable air volume (VAV) control system. The basic idea is to rapidly increase the exhaust air volume in the high-pollution area and / or the supply air volume in the low-pollution area when door opening is detected, in order to compensate for the pressure difference loss caused by the door opening.

[0006] While this method theoretically seems to offer a dynamic adjustment approach, it is difficult to implement in practical engineering applications. Specifically, there are three main challenges: First, the airflow required to maintain the pressure difference is enormous. To maintain an effective pressure difference (e.g., 10 Pa) with the door fully open (e.g., a typical single-leaf door with an area of ​​approximately 2 square meters), a significant difference in supply and exhaust airflow between adjacent rooms is required, estimated at approximately 30,000 cubic meters per hour. Such a large airflow requirement not only leads to a significant increase in the size and capacity of ventilation equipment (such as fans and ducts), but also substantially increases initial investment and operating costs. Second, insufficient response speed. The response time of variable air volume (VAV) systems based on traditional damper regulation is typically limited by the mechanical action speed of the damper actuator, controller processing delay, and system inertia. These systems struggle to accurately adjust the airflow in time (usually within a few seconds) during dynamic disturbances (such as a sudden door opening). In pollutant control scenarios, especially within the first few seconds of door opening, pollutants may have already undergone significant cross-space transmission. Therefore, this response delay makes it difficult for damper-based VAV systems to achieve effective, real-time control of pollutant propagation. Third, the system is highly coupled, and local adjustments can easily disrupt the overall balance. In practical engineering, the original ventilation system is usually driven by a centralized air handling unit, whose ventilation ducts simultaneously provide supply and exhaust air to multiple rooms. Under this shared duct system architecture, local adjustments made to meet the large air volume required by a specific room when the door is open often disrupt the air volume and pressure balance of the entire ventilation system. Such sudden and significant changes in local air supply can lead to insufficient supply and exhaust air to other rooms, causing pressure fluctuations, and even the risk of pollutants flowing back from contaminated areas to clean areas.

[0007] In summary, the existing technologies have the following main technical problems in controlling the trans-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions.

[0008] Traditional constant air volume negative pressure ventilation systems lack dynamic active control capabilities: these systems can only form effective negative pressure isolation under static conditions with doors closed. Once dynamic disturbances such as door opening occur, the established pressure gradient quickly fails, making them unable to adapt to dynamic changes in operating conditions, leading to a significant increase in the risk of pollutant cross-space transmission. Their core deficiency lies in the lack of proactive and rapid response control measures for dynamic disturbances.

[0009] Variable air volume (VAV) ventilation systems based on dampers have shortcomings in practicality and effectiveness: Although some studies have attempted to dynamically maintain pressure differentials by adjusting airflow, such systems often require significant design redundancy to meet pollutant control requirements, leading to excessive costs. More importantly, their response delay is severe; damper adjustment lags behind the occurrence of dynamic disturbances, making it impossible to match disturbance demands in real time and accurately. This hinders timely and effective control of pollutant propagation, significantly reducing the system's effectiveness in practical applications.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of ventilation control system and method that can respond quickly to dynamic disturbances, save energy, and effectively prevent or significantly reduce the trans-space transmission of pollutants. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The main objective of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a ventilation control system and method for the cross-space transmission of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions.

[0012] This invention can quickly, effectively, and economically control or prevent the transmission of airborne pollutants between different spaces when dynamic disturbances (such as door opening, personnel passage, etc.) occur. This invention aims to provide a more reliable and efficient dynamic pollutant control solution for environments with strict requirements for air quality or pollutant control, such as medical facilities, laboratories, and clean rooms.

[0013] The system of this invention can be started and stopped on demand, responds quickly, has a simplified structure, operates independently of the main ventilation system, and balances the supply and exhaust air volume to avoid significant interference with the original pressure balance of the room area. It can quickly, effectively and economically prevent the cross-space transmission of pollutants under dynamic disturbances.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0015] The system of the present invention includes: a dynamic disturbance sensor for detecting dynamic disturbance events of an opening; an auxiliary ventilation subsystem independent of the main ventilation system, comprising a fan, an exhaust vent arranged in a second area, an air supply vent arranged in a first area, and an air filter in the airflow path; and a control unit connected to the sensor and the subsystem. The control unit is configured to activate the subsystem in a very short time after detecting a dynamic disturbance, monitor the opening area in real time, adaptively adjust the airflow, and form a directional airflow barrier with a preset target wind speed from the first area to the second area across the entire airflow cross section of the opening.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the system can adopt a single-fan closed-loop circulation or a dual-fan independent configuration: the single-fan scheme naturally maintains the balance of supply and exhaust air volume through physical closed-loop circulation, automatically ensuring the conservation of the total air volume of the two rooms and not interfering with the background pressure gradient of the relative external area; although the dual-fan scheme requires additional control to maintain the balance of supply and exhaust air volume, it can independently introduce outdoor fresh air, which is suitable for scenarios that require the replenishment of clean fresh air or the removal of highly polluted air; a top-mounted duct system based on the static pressure box principle can also be adopted, which utilizes the large volume of the room to form a uniform planar airflow.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention automatically forms a directional airflow or a "push-pull" air curtain at the door opening to control the transmission of airborne pollutants between the first area (low-pollution risk area / clean area) and the second area (high-pollution risk area) through the opening. It is particularly suitable for building environments with different floor heights or high-ceiling space characteristics, such as hospital isolation wards, biosafety laboratories, clean rooms, and tall cleanrooms.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical advantages and effects: 1) Pressure differential stability assurance: The single-fan closed-loop circulation scheme ensures a natural balance between supply and exhaust air through physical connection (Q). s =Q e The system can automatically maintain the total air volume of the two rooms without complicated control, and will never interfere with the background pressure gradient established by the main ventilation system. The dual-fan solution maintains the total air volume balance while introducing fresh air or expelling polluted air through active balance control, and avoids pressure disturbance to the surrounding areas.

[0019] 2) Rapid response and immediate protection: By adopting rapid response components such as EC fans and combined with millisecond-level control logic, it can establish a directional airflow barrier the instant dynamic disturbance occurs, which is far superior to the second- to minute-level response delay of traditional VAV systems, effectively blocking the cross-space transmission of pollutants in the early stage of diffusion.

[0020] 3) Precise adaptive control of wind speed at the opening: an adaptive algorithm based on real-time opening area A feedback (Q=k⋅v) target ⋅A) Ensure that the average wind speed at the opening surface remains within the preset target range for effective protection (e.g., 0.5-2.0 m / s) throughout the entire process of the door opening from slightly open to fully open and then to closed. This avoids both protection failure due to insufficient wind speed and energy waste and discomfort caused by excessive wind speed.

[0021] 4) Static plenum effect: By placing air vents at a distance and using the room volume as a static plenum, the problem of uneven air velocity in local jets is overcome, and a uniform airflow barrier from top to bottom is formed at tall openings, which is especially suitable for tall buildings; at the same time, it avoids the discomfort of high-speed airflow blowing directly on people.

[0022] 5) Independent Operation from the Main Ventilation System: The auxiliary ventilation subsystem of this invention can operate independently of the building's original ventilation system (such as systems used to maintain background negative pressure or for general air exchange), without interfering with each other. This makes the invention easy to implement in new projects and also convenient for upgrading existing facilities without requiring large-scale modifications to the main ventilation system.

[0023] 6) Filtration safety: The air filter (33) is equipped with a replaceable filter element to ensure that the air drawn from the second zone (high pollution zone) is purified before being sent to the first zone (low pollution zone) to prevent cross-contamination; the air filter (33) is located at the inlet or outlet of the fan for easy maintenance and replacement.

[0024] 7) Energy-efficient: The auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100) starts and stops only when dynamic disturbances are detected, and automatically shuts down after the disturbance ends (on-demand start-stop), significantly reducing energy consumption. Compared with VAV systems that require huge air volumes to maintain pressure differentials, this invention requires less total air volume by forming local directional airflow at key interfaces, thus being more energy-efficient.

[0025] In summary, this invention effectively solves the problems of pollutant control under dynamic disturbance conditions in existing technologies by using a local directional airflow barrier technology that operates independently, responds quickly, and is based on adaptive control of the opening face wind speed. This significantly improves the safety and operational efficiency of the controlled environment. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transmission of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions (single fan door-side arrangement scheme) in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transmission of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions (dual-fan door-side arrangement scheme) in Example 2.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top-pipe type single-fan static pressure box system in Example 3.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the top-pipe type dual-fan static pressure box system in Example 4.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the single-fan static pressure box system embedded in the interface wall in Example 5.

[0031] Figure 6 It corresponds Figure 1 , 3 The flowchart of the ventilation control method for the single-fan scheme shown in Figure 5 is as follows.

[0032] Figure 7 It corresponds Figure 2 , 4 The flowchart of the ventilation control method for the dual-fan scheme is shown.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the connection of the electrical modules.

[0034] In the diagram: Auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100), control unit (20); Dynamic disturbance sensor (11), fan (30 / 31 / 32), air filter (33), duct (34), air outlet (36), air outlet (37), air outlet (36a, 36b, …) and air outlet (37a, 37b, …); Opening (O), fixed wall (W), door (D). Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the ventilation control system is arranged between two interconnected areas connected by an opening O. The system includes: An auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 independent of the main ventilation system includes: at least one fan 30 / 31 / 32, at least one exhaust vent 37 arranged in a second area, at least one air supply vent 36 arranged in a first area, a duct 34 connecting the exhaust vent 37, the air supply vent 36 and the fan 30 / 31 / 32, the duct 34 connecting the fan and the air supply vent, and at least one air filter 33 disposed in the airflow path of the duct 34; One or more dynamic disturbance sensors 11 are configured to detect dynamic disturbance events related to the opening O in real time, including the opening of the opening O or the passage of personnel through the opening O, etc. It also includes a control unit 20, which is operatively electrically connected to the dynamic disturbance sensor 11 and the auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100.

[0037] The control unit 20 is configured as follows: When the dynamic disturbance sensor 11 detects a dynamic disturbance event, it rapidly activates the auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 within a very short time (no more than 1 second) after the detection of the dynamic disturbance, so as to form a preset target average wind speed v across the entire airflow cross section of the opening O, from the first zone with lower pollution risk to the second zone with higher pollution risk. target The directional airflow is used to prevent pollutants from being transported from high-pollution areas to low-pollution areas under dynamic disturbance conditions; when the dynamic disturbance sensor 11 does not detect a dynamic disturbance event, no action is taken.

[0038] Furthermore, the control unit 20 adaptively adjusts the air volume Q according to the opening area A of the opening O to maintain the target average wind speed.

[0039] The ventilation control system is a ventilation system used to control the cross-space transmission of airborne pollutants between the two areas, the first area and the second area, through the opening O. It is located near the opening O. The first area is a low-pollution-risk area, and the second area is a high-pollution-risk area.

[0040] In practice, the first area and the second area are separated by a fixed wall W. A door D is installed on the fixed wall W, and an opening O is installed on the door D. The opening O is located on the fixed wall W.

[0041] Air supply outlet 36 and air exhaust outlet 37 are respectively located in the first area with lower pollution risk and the second area with higher pollution risk. Air supply outlet 36 and air exhaust outlet 37 are connected to their respective fans 30 / 31 / 32 or to the same fan 30 / 31 / 32. Air filter device 33 may be optionally installed on the duct 34 between air supply outlet 36 and fan 30 / 31 / 32.

[0042] The auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 adopts a single fan 30 closed-loop circulation configuration. The exhaust port 37 and the supply port 36 are connected to the same fan 30 through the duct 34 and the air filter device 33 on the duct 34. Driven by the fan 30, a physical closed-loop circulation is formed from the second area through the air filter device 33 to the first area. The supply air volume and the exhaust air volume are naturally equal, automatically maintaining the balance of the total air volume of the two rooms and not interfering with the background pressure gradient of the relative external area. Alternatively, when the auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 adopts a dual-fan independent configuration, it includes an independent supply fan 31 and an exhaust fan 32. The supply port 36 is connected to the supply fan 31. The supply port 36 is supplied with air by the supply fan 31 and independently introduces outdoor fresh air. The exhaust port 37 is connected to the exhaust fan 32 and independently exhausts air to the outside. In this case, the air filter device 33 may not be installed on the duct 34.

[0043] The control unit 20 is configured to independently control the supply fan 31 and the exhaust fan 32 and maintain the supply air volume and exhaust air volume to be substantially equal, so as to maintain the balance of the total air volume of the two rooms while introducing fresh air or expelling polluted air.

[0044] Preset target average wind speed v target The preferred range is 0.5 m / s to 2.0 m / s.

[0045] A single fan 30 is installed on a fixed wall W between the first area and the second area. The air supply port 36 and the air exhaust port 37 are extended through short air ducts to positions inside the first area and the second area away from the opening O, respectively, and the air supply direction is not towards the opening O.

[0046] Only one exhaust vent 37 and one supply vent 36 are provided, with the exhaust vent 37 and supply vent 36 positioned near and opposite to the opening O, so that the air supplied by the supply vent 36 passes through the opening O in a straight line and is discharged into the exhaust vent 37; or multiple supply vents 36a, 36b, ... and multiple exhaust vents 37a, 37b, ... are provided, with the supply vents 36a, 36b, ... located at the top of the first area away from the opening O, and the air supply direction not directly facing the opening surface. The large volume of the room is used as a static pressure box to form a uniform pressure field, generating a low-turbulence, highly uniform directional airflow at the opening O; the exhaust vents 37a, 37b, ... are correspondingly arranged in the second area near or away from the opening O.

[0047] The supply air vents 36a, 36b, … and the exhaust air vents 37a, 37b, … are located on the top of their respective rooms away from the opening O, using a single large air volume vent or multiple small air volume vents to meet the large air volume ventilation requirements.

[0048] The control unit 20 calculates the air volume Q based on the formula: Q=k⋅v target ⋅A Where Q represents air volume, k is the conversion factor, and v target A represents the target average wind speed, and A represents the opening area of ​​opening O.

[0049] Air filtration device 33 is installed on the inlet or outlet side of fan 30 / 31 / 32 and is equipped with replaceable filter element.

[0050] Under the system of this invention, the trans-space transport of airborne pollutants between the first and second regions through opening O is controlled under dynamic disturbance conditions. The first region is a low-pollution-risk region, and the second region is a high-pollution-risk region, including: Detect dynamic perturbation events related to the opening O; In response to the detection of a dynamic disturbance event, a separate auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 is quickly started. The auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 adopts a single fan 30 closed-loop circulation or a dual fan 31, 32 independent configuration. When a single fan with a 30 closed-loop circulation is used, the supply and exhaust air volume balance is naturally maintained through physical closed-loop circulation, automatically keeping the total air volume of the two rooms constant and not interfering with the background pressure gradient of the relative external area. When using the dual-fan 3132 independent configuration, supply and exhaust air volume balance control is implemented to maintain the total air volume balance of the two rooms, and outdoor fresh air is introduced independently or polluted air is exhausted to the outside. A predetermined target average wind speed v is generated across the entire airflow cross-section of the opening O, from the first zone with lower pollution risk to the second zone with higher pollution risk. target directional airflow; Furthermore, the airflow Q is adaptively adjusted based on the opening area A of the opening O to maintain the target average wind speed v. target .

[0051] In this specific implementation, Examples 1, 3, and 5 adopt a single-fan closed-loop configuration, and their control logic refers to... Figure 6 The single-fan solution flow shown (steps S301-S305); Examples 2 and 4 adopt a dual-fan independent configuration, and their control logic is as follows. Figure 7 The process flow of the dual-fan scheme shown (steps S401-S405) requires the control unit to perform an additional supply and exhaust air volume balance control step (S403).

[0052] Example 1 (Single fan door-side layout scheme) Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, a single fan configuration is used, and the air outlet is arranged in the vertical direction next to the opening O on the side of the door.

[0053] The system includes: a dynamic disturbance sensor 11, a control unit 20, and an auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100. The auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 includes a single fan 30, an exhaust port 37 and an air supply port 36 arranged vertically adjacent to the opening O, an air filter 33, and connecting pipes 34.

[0054] The technical advantages of this embodiment include: the supply air volume Qs and the exhaust air volume Qe are naturally equal, eliminating the need for the control unit 20 to perform air volume balance adjustment, automatically maintaining the total air volume of the two rooms, and not interfering with the background pressure gradient of the relative external area.

[0055] Example 2 (Dual Fan Door Side Arrangement Scheme) Reference Figure 2 and Figure 7 This embodiment adopts a dual-fan door-side arrangement scheme.

[0056] The system includes: an independent supply fan 31 and an air outlet 36, and an independent exhaust fan 32 and an exhaust outlet 37. The supply fan 31 can be configured with a fresh air inlet to introduce clean outdoor air, and the exhaust fan 32 can be configured with an exhaust outlet to discharge polluted air to the outside.

[0057] The technical advantages of this embodiment include: the control unit 20 needs to perform an additional synchronization and balance control step S403, see [link]. Figure 7 The speeds of the supply fan 31 and the exhaust fan 32 can be independently adjusted to ensure that the supply air volume Qs and the exhaust air volume Qe are matched in real time. s ≈Q e While increasing control complexity, it gains the ability to independently introduce fresh air or expel polluted air.

[0058] Example 3 (Top-mounted duct-type single-fan static pressure box system) Reference Figure 3 and Figure 6 This embodiment combines the principle of single-fan closed-loop circulation with that of static pressure box, and is suitable for scenarios that require large air volume equalization and must strictly maintain a stable background pressure difference.

[0059] The system includes: an auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 with a single fan 30 in a closed-loop configuration, including: one or more exhaust vents 37a, 37b, ... arranged at the top of the second area away from the opening O; one or more supply vents 36a, 36b, ... arranged at the top of the first area away from O; a duct 34 connecting the above vents and the fan 30; and an air filter 33 installed in the airflow path of the fan 30.

[0060] Arrangement features: The supply air outlets 36a, 36b, … and the exhaust air outlets 37a, 37b, … are all arranged at the top (such as the ceiling or the lower chord of the roof truss) or the side of their respective rooms, away from the opening O. The air supply direction is not directly towards the opening surface, but uses the large volume of the room as a static pressure box to form a uniform pressure field through the air supply from the upper part of the room, generating a low-turbulence, highly uniform directional airflow at the opening O.

[0061] The technical advantages of this embodiment include: 1) It also has the self-balancing characteristics of a single fan: Due to the use of a single fan 30 physical closed loop, it naturally maintains the balance of the total air volume of the two rooms and does not interfere with the background pressure difference. 2) Static plenum flow uniformity effect: By using the entire room space as a static plenum, the problem of uneven local wind speed that may be caused by the arrangement of adjacent air outlets in Example 1 is overcome, and a uniform airflow barrier is formed within the entire height range of the tall opening. 3) High air volume adaptation: The top is equipped with air vents and ducts that can accommodate larger diameters, meeting the high air volume requirements of large opening areas, while avoiding direct airflow interference to areas where people are active.

[0062] The control logic of the control unit 20 is the same as that of Embodiment 1. The speed of the fan 30 is adjusted according to the opening area A, and there is no need to perform air volume balance control.

[0063] Example 4 (Top-mounted Dual-Fan Static Pressure Box System) Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7 This embodiment adopts a dual-fan independent configuration combined with the static pressure box principle, which is suitable for tall cleanrooms or scenarios that require large air volume equalization and independent introduction of fresh air.

[0064] System composition: Air supply subsystem: includes air supply fan 31 and one or more air outlets 36a, 36b... arranged at the top of the first area away from the opening O. Air supply fan 31 may be configured with a fresh air inlet to directly introduce purified outdoor clean air.

[0065] The exhaust subsystem includes an exhaust fan 32 and one or more exhaust vents 37a, 37b... located at the top of the second area away from the opening O. The exhaust fan 32 may be configured with an exhaust outlet to discharge filtered polluted air to the outside.

[0066] Control characteristics: The control unit 20 performs the same supply and exhaust air volume balance control as in Example 2, ensuring that the total air volume of the two rooms is balanced while forming a uniform planar airflow using the top static plenum.

[0067] Technical benefits: By using the entire room space as a static pressure box through the supply and exhaust of air from the top of the room, a uniform directional airflow can be formed at the opening surface; the dual-fan configuration allows for the introduction of fresh air or the exhaust of highly polluted air while maintaining a stable pressure difference.

[0068] Example 5 (Interface Wall Embedded Single Fan Static Pressure Box System) Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 This embodiment adopts a single fan closed-loop circulation combined with the static pressure box principle, which has a compact structure and is suitable for compact spaces with limited space.

[0069] System composition: The auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 adopts a single fan 30 circulation mode. The fan 30 is installed in the reserved hole in the fixed wall W separating the first area and the second area, or installed close to the wall surface (excluding the door itself).

[0070] Static pressure box and remote air outlet design: The main body of the fan 30 is located in the wall, and it can directly supply air to the first area through the fan outlet or extend one or more air outlets 36a, 36b, ... to a location in the first area away from the opening O (such as the top of the room or deep in the side wall) through the air duct; it can directly exhaust air to the second area through the fan inlet or extend one or more exhaust outlets 37a, 37b, ... to a location in the second area away from the opening O.

[0071] The technical advantages of this embodiment include: 1) Compact structure: The fan 30 is installed on the interface wall, making installation simple and convenient; 2) Single fan supply and exhaust air volume self-balancing: naturally maintains the balance of supply and exhaust air volume, without the need for air volume balance control, and does not interfere with the background pressure difference between the two rooms relative to the outside. 3) Static plenum effect: Utilizing the room as a static plenum can create a uniform airflow barrier at the opening O, avoiding local high-speed jets and achieving good pollutant control.

[0072] The control unit 20 is configured the same as in embodiments 1 and 3. It starts the fan 30 in response to the trigger signal of the dynamic disturbance sensor 11 and adaptively adjusts the fan speed according to the opening area A.

[0073] As can be seen from the above, this invention relates to two core configuration modes for the auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100: (1) Single-fan closed-loop circulation mode (Examples 1, 3, 5): A single fan 30 is used to construct a physical closed-loop circulation circuit. The exhaust port 37 and the supply port 36 are connected to the same fan 30 through the pipe 34 and the air filter device 33, forming a closed-loop airflow from the second area → air filter device 33 → first area. In this mode, the supply air volume Qs and the exhaust air volume Qe are naturally equal (physical conservation), and the total air volume balance of the two rooms can be maintained automatically without additional control. This ensures that the background pressure gradient of the first area and the second area as a whole relative to the external area (such as the corridor, the outside world) is not significantly disturbed, which is particularly suitable for scenarios with strict requirements for background pressure difference stability (such as biosafety laboratories and negative pressure isolation wards).

[0074] (2) Dual-fan independent configuration mode (Examples 2 and 4): Independent supply fan 31 and exhaust fan 32 are connected to supply air outlet 36 and exhaust air outlet 37 respectively, forming an open-circuit system. In this mode, control unit 20 needs to perform supply and exhaust air volume balance control (Q s ≈Q e By independently adjusting the speed of the supply fan 31 and the exhaust fan 32 to maintain air volume matching, although it adds a step of balance control compared to the single fan solution, the advantage is that the supply fan 31 can independently introduce outdoor fresh air (without going through the second zone circulation), and the exhaust fan 32 can directly exhaust polluted air to the outside. It is suitable for scenarios that require a large amount of clean fresh air to be replenished or to quickly remove high concentrations of pollutants (such as chemical production workshops, pharmaceutical fermentation workshops, etc.).

[0075] Furthermore, the present invention also provides embodiments based on the principle of static pressure box (embodiments 3, 4, 5), in which the air supply outlet 36 and the air exhaust outlet 37 are arranged at a position away from the opening O (preferably the top of the room), and the large volume of the room is used as the air supply static pressure box, so that a uniform surface airflow can be formed at the opening surface.

[0076] The ventilation control process for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions, as described in this invention, is as follows: Step 1: Dynamic Disturbance Detection. Dynamic disturbance events related to the opening O are continuously monitored by one or more dynamic disturbance sensors 11 arranged near the opening O; dynamic disturbance events include at least the opening of the opening O, the behavior of personnel passing through the opening O, or a combination thereof.

[0077] Step Two: Rapid Start-up and Airflow Calculation. In response to the detection of a dynamic disturbance event, the control unit 20 sends a start command to the auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 within a preset, extremely short time (milliseconds to seconds), activating the fans 30 / 31 / 32; simultaneously, based on the real-time monitored opening area A of the opening O and the preset target average wind speed v... target According to the formula Q=k⋅v target ⋅A calculates the required target air volume Q, where k is a conversion factor based on the air outlet type, duct resistance, and local components.

[0078] Step 3: Directional Airflow Generation. The auxiliary ventilation subsystem 100 is controlled to operate, causing airflow to enter from the second area through the exhaust vent 37, be purified by the air filter 33, and then be delivered to the first area through the supply vent 36. This creates a target average wind speed v across the entire airflow cross-section of the opening O, pointing from the first area to the second area. target A directional airflow barrier; the directional airflow barrier is configured to effectively prevent pollutants from spreading from the second area to the first area.

[0079] Step 4: Adaptive airflow adjustment. During the duration of the dynamic disturbance event, the opening area A of the opening O is monitored in real time or at high frequency; the control unit 20 adjusts the airflow according to the dynamic change of the opening area A and the target average wind speed v. target The fan speed is continuously adjusted to 30 / 31 / 32 to match the actual air volume with the calculated target air volume Q in real time, ensuring that the wind speed of the directional airflow barrier remains at the target average wind speed v throughout the entire process from opening to complete closing of the opening O. target nearby.

[0080] Step 5: The system stops smoothly and enters standby mode. When the dynamic disturbance event is detected to have ended (e.g., opening O begins to close, and the opening area A gradually decreases to 0), the control unit 20 calculates the target airflow Q=k⋅v. target ⋅A. Gradually reduce the speed of fans 30 / 31 / 32 until they stop, or control the supply fan 31 and exhaust fan 32 in the dual-fan scheme to stop synchronously, while maintaining the opening face wind speed at the target average wind speed v during the door closing process. target The system will continue to operate until the door is completely closed (the opening area A is reduced to 0), at which point it will return to standby mode.

[0081] Regarding the implementation of the two configuration modes at the method level: When using a single-fan closed-loop circulation mode (corresponding to embodiments 1, 3, and 5): In step S303, the exhaust volume Qs and the supply volume Qe are naturally equal through a physical closed loop, without the need for additional air volume balance control. The supply and exhaust volumes of the first and second zones are automatically maintained, ensuring that the background pressure gradient of the two rooms as a whole relative to the external zone is not significantly disturbed.

[0082] When using the dual-fan independent configuration mode (corresponding to embodiments 2 and 4): In step S403, the supply fan 31 and the exhaust fan 32 are independently controlled; in step S104, the control unit 20 needs to perform supply and exhaust air volume balance control, independently adjusting the speed of the supply fan 31 and the exhaust fan 32 to keep the supply air volume Qs and the exhaust air volume Qe basically equal. s ≈Q e At the same time, the supply fan 31 is allowed to independently introduce fresh outdoor air, and the exhaust fan 32 is allowed to independently exhaust polluted air to the outside.

[0083] When adopting the implementation mode based on the static plenum principle (corresponding to embodiments 3, 4, and 5): by arranging the air supply outlet 36 and the exhaust outlet 37 deep in the room ceiling or side wall away from the opening O, and the air supply direction of the air supply outlet not facing the opening O, the large volume of the room is used as the air supply static plenum and the exhaust static plenum, so that the airflow forms a uniform planar distribution at the opening O, rather than a local high-speed jet. This configuration mode is particularly suitable for large-area openings in tall, spacious buildings, and can effectively overcome the limitation of door-side air outlet arrangement in forming a uniform airflow on a large opening surface.

[0084] The key control parameter of this invention is the average wind speed at the opening surface (i.e., the airflow cross-section formed by the doorway). The system monitors the door's opening degree (i.e., the opening area) in real time and dynamically adjusts the required supply and exhaust air volume according to the set target opening surface wind speed to maintain a stable, directional airflow towards the high-pollution area at the opening surface throughout the entire door opening and closing process. This method effectively prevents pollutants from diffusing from the high-pollution area to the low-pollution area during dynamic disturbances.

Claims

1. A ventilation control system for suppressing the trans-spatial transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions, characterized in that: The ventilation control system is arranged between two areas that are connected to each other by an opening (O), and the system includes: An independent auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100) includes: at least one fan (30 / 31 / 32), at least one exhaust vent (37) arranged in the second area, at least one air supply vent (36) arranged in the first area, a duct (34) connecting the exhaust vent (37), the air supply vent (36) and the fan (30 / 31 / 32), and at least one air filter (33) disposed in the duct (34); One or more dynamic disturbance sensors (11) are configured to detect dynamic disturbance events related to the opening (O) in real time, including the opening (O) opening or a person passing through the opening (O), etc. It also includes a control unit (20) that is operatively electrically connected to the dynamic disturbance sensor (11) and the auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100).

2. The ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit (20) is configured to: When the dynamic disturbance sensor (11) detects the dynamic disturbance event, the auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100) is activated within a very short time after the dynamic disturbance is detected, so as to form a preset target average wind speed v from a first zone with lower pollution risk to a second zone with higher pollution risk across the entire airflow cross section of the opening (O). target Directed airflow to prevent pollutants from being transported from high-pollution areas to low-pollution areas under dynamic disturbance conditions; Furthermore, the air volume Q is adaptively adjusted according to the opening area A of the opening (O) to maintain the target average wind speed.

3. A ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation control system is a ventilation system used to control the cross-space transmission of airborne pollutants between the first area and the second area through the opening (O). It is arranged near the opening (O). The first area is a low-pollution-risk area, and the second area is a high-pollution-risk area.

4. A ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply outlet (36) and the air exhaust outlet (37) are respectively located in the first area with lower pollution risk and the second area with higher pollution risk. The air supply outlet (36) and the air exhaust outlet (37) are connected to their respective fans (30 / 31 / 32) or to the same fan (30 / 31 / 32). An air filter device (33) may be optionally installed on the duct (34) between the air supply outlet (36) and the fan (30 / 31 / 32).

5. A ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100) adopts a single fan (30) closed-loop circulation configuration. The exhaust port (37) and the air supply port (36) are connected to the same fan (30) through the pipe (34) and the air filter device (33) on the pipe (34). Under the drive of the fan (30), a physical closed-loop circulation is formed from the second area through the air filter device (33) to the first area. The air supply volume and exhaust volume are naturally equal, automatically maintaining the balance of the total air volume of the two rooms and not interfering with the background pressure gradient of the relative external area. When the auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100) is configured with two independent fans, it includes an independent supply fan (31) and an exhaust fan (32). The air supply outlet (36) is connected to the supply fan (31). The air supply outlet (36) is supplied with air by the supply fan (31) and independently introduces fresh outdoor air. The exhaust outlet (37) is connected to the exhaust fan (32) and independently exhausts air to the outside. The control unit (20) is configured to independently control the supply fan (31) and the exhaust fan (32) and maintain the supply air volume and exhaust air volume to be substantially equal, so as to maintain the balance of the total air volume of the two rooms while introducing fresh air or expelling polluted air.

6. A ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The single fan (30) is installed on the fixed wall (W) between the first area and the second area. The air supply port (36) and the air exhaust port (37) are extended through short air ducts to positions inside the first area and the second area away from the opening (O), respectively, and the air supply direction is not towards the opening (O).

7. A ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Only one exhaust port (37) and one air supply port (36) are provided. The exhaust port (37) and the air supply port (36) are located near the opening (O) and are arranged opposite to each other, so that the air supplied by the air supply port (36) passes through the opening (O) in a straight line and enters the exhaust port (37) for discharge. Alternatively, multiple air supply outlets (36a, 36b, …) and multiple air exhaust outlets (37a, 37b, …) can be provided. The air supply outlets (36a, 36b, …) are arranged at the top of the first area away from the opening (O), and the air supply direction is not directly towards the opening surface. The room volume is used as a static pressure box to form a uniform pressure field and generate directional airflow at the opening (O). The air exhaust outlets (37a, 37b, …) are correspondingly arranged in the second area at positions adjacent to or away from the opening (O).

8. A ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit (20) is used to adjust the air volume Q based on the formula: Q=k⋅v target ⋅A Where Q represents air volume, k is the conversion factor, and v target The target average wind speed is represented by A, and the opening area of ​​the opening (O) is represented by A.

9. A ventilation control system for suppressing cross-space transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air filtration device (33) is located on the inlet or outlet side of the fan (30 / 31 / 32) and is equipped with a replaceable filter element.

10. A ventilation method for suppressing the trans-spatial transport of pollutants under dynamic disturbance conditions in a ventilation control system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The method controls the trans-space transport of airborne pollutants between a first region and a second region through an opening (O) under state disturbance conditions. The method includes: Detect dynamic disturbance events associated with the opening (O); In response to the detection of the dynamic disturbance event, an independent auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100) is activated, wherein the auxiliary ventilation subsystem (100) adopts a single fan (30) closed-loop circulation or a dual fan (31, 32) independent configuration; When a single fan (30) is used for closed-loop circulation, the supply and exhaust air volume balance is naturally maintained through physical closed-loop circulation, and the total air volume of the two rooms is automatically kept constant, without interfering with the background pressure gradient of the relative external area. When dual fans (31) and (32) are used in an independent configuration, supply and exhaust air volume balance control is implemented to maintain the total air volume balance of the two rooms, and outdoor fresh air is introduced independently or polluted air is exhausted to the outside. A predetermined target average wind speed v is generated across the entire airflow cross-section of the opening (O), from a first zone with lower pollution risk to a second zone with higher pollution risk. target directional airflow; Furthermore, the airflow Q is adaptively adjusted according to the opening area A of the opening (O) to maintain the target average wind speed v. target .

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