Monitoring method and system for aeolian accumulation and erosion under difference between near-surface air temperature and ground surface thermal response

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response. The method uses air temperature change as the core judgment signal and utilizes the difference in thermal response between near-surface air temperature and surface sand to determine the state of wind erosion. The system includes an installation pole, a boundary ring, multiple sets of surface and sand temperature sensors, a reference sensor, a control and data transmission unit, and a remote data processing center. This invention captures air and sand temperatures using temperature sensors, and combines this with reference sensor calibration to accurately distinguish between wind erosion and sand deposition, filling a gap in related technologies. It employs conventional, compact temperature sensors, which are simple in structure, low in cost, and highly resistant to wind and sand interference, making them suitable for various wind-sensitive areas. Through multi-sensor redundancy design and outlier removal, it avoids misjudgments. Combined with mirror-symmetrically installed sensors, it achieves quantitative determination of the degree of erosion, improving monitoring accuracy and enabling unattended long-term automatic monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wind and sand erosion monitoring technology, specifically to a method and system for monitoring wind and sand erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, monitoring technologies for wind and sand erosion in the industry are mainly divided into two typical schemes. One is the traditional physical probe technology, which involves vertically burying a rigid component with scales on the surface of the monitoring area. Staff periodically go to the site to read the height of the component above the ground, and calculate the thickness of wind erosion or accumulation by the difference between two readings. This technology relies entirely on regular manual operation, which is not only inefficient and unable to capture instantaneous changes in erosion during wind and sand activity, but also introduces reading errors due to manual operation, and is difficult to adapt to the long-term monitoring needs in remote and harsh environments. The other is the monitoring technology based on a single electronic sensor, which often uses ultrasonic, laser, or image sensors as the core detection element. It uses the propagation characteristics of sound waves and lasers or image recognition technology to measure changes in the ground surface, initially achieving semi-automation of the monitoring process. However, this type of technology has obvious limitations in high-concentration wind and sand environments: suspended dust particles in the air will strongly absorb and scatter sound waves and laser energy, resulting in a shortened effective detection distance, signal attenuation, or even loss. Dust reflections will also form false echoes, and image sensors are easily blocked by dust, all of which will cause the monitoring data to be distorted and unable to provide a reliable basis for judging the erosion status. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for monitoring wind and sand erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response, comprising: Step 1: Installation and initial calibration of the monitoring device. Insert the temperature monitoring device into the sandy area to be monitored. Ensure that the surface temperature sensor and the reference surface temperature sensor on the temperature monitoring device are exposed above the sandy surface, while the sand temperature sensor and the reference sand temperature sensor on the temperature monitoring device are covered below the surface. Obtain the initial temperature data of the temperature monitoring device and perform initial calibration. Step 2: Periodic synchronous acquisition of temperature data According to the preset monitoring cycle, the real-time temperature data of all temperature sensors in the surface temperature sensor group and the sand temperature sensor group are acquired and transmitted to the remote data processing center. The remote data processing center performs data preprocessing on each set of temperature data collected. Step 3: Temperature data comparison and wind and sand condition determination Using the initial calibrated temperature reference values ​​of the surface temperature sensor and sand temperature sensor as a reference, the difference in real-time temperature data of the surface temperature sensor and sand temperature sensor at different time periods is compared to determine the erosion state. Step 4: Analysis of Monitoring Results and Output of Outcomes By combining meteorological data within the monitoring period, a wind and sand erosion monitoring report is generated, which clarifies the amount of wind and sand accumulation, wind erosion, and dynamic changes in the monitoring area.

[0005] Preferably, in step one, the monitoring device is vertically inserted into the area of ​​sand to be tested. The surface temperature sensor and the reference surface temperature sensor on it are used to obtain the temperature data of the current air environment, and the sand temperature sensor and the reference sand temperature sensor are used to obtain the internal temperature data of the sand.

[0006] Preferably, in step two, after obtaining the temperature data, the data is preprocessed. The data preprocessing includes filtering the data for validity, removing outliers, retaining valid temperature data, and classifying and archiving it according to the sensor number.

[0007] Preferably, in step three, the specific process for determining the erosion state is as follows: Determination of wind and sand deposition: When the surface temperature sensor t temperature data near the boundary ring boundary point is compared with the current baseline sand and soil temperature sensor temperature data... When the values ​​are consistent, it is determined that sand and soil have accumulated in the area monitored by the device, and the height of the sand and soil accumulation is determined based on the number of surface temperature sensors that have shown temperature changes. Wind erosion determination: When the temperature data of the sand temperature sensor t near the boundary point of the boundary ring is consistent with the temperature data T_s(t) of the current benchmark surface temperature sensor, it is determined that the sand in the monitoring area of ​​the device has been eroded by wind. The wind erosion situation of the sand is determined according to the number of sand temperature sensors that have changed temperature. Judgment of no obvious erosion: If the temperature data of the surface temperature sensor and the sand temperature sensor remain consistent with the initial benchmark and there is no overlap, it is determined that there is no obvious wind and sand accumulation or wind erosion in the monitored area during this period.

[0008] A monitoring system for wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response is used to implement methods for monitoring wind erosion under this difference, including: The mounting pole is used to support the surface temperature sensor and the sand temperature sensor. A dividing ring is coaxially fixed in the middle of the mounting pole. The dividing ring encapsulates the control and data transmission unit and the sensor battery. The installation pole is divided into an above-ground part and an underground part by the dividing ring. Several first installation bases are fixedly installed on the above-ground part of the installation pole. A ground surface temperature sensor is fixedly installed inside each first installation base. A reference ground surface temperature sensor is fixedly installed at the end of the above-ground part of the installation pole. Several second mounting bases are fixedly installed on the underground part of the pole, and a sand temperature sensor is fixedly installed in each second mounting base. A reference sand temperature sensor is fixedly installed at the end of the underground part of the pole. The surface temperature sensor, the reference surface temperature sensor, the sand temperature sensor, and the reference sand temperature sensor are electrically connected to the sensor battery in the boundary ring. The sensor battery is electrically connected to the solar panel through wires. The data processing center receives data streams from the control and data transmission unit and performs subsequent processing on the data.

[0009] Preferably, there are 15 first mounting bases and 15 second mounting bases, with the reference surface temperature sensor and the reference sand temperature sensor located at both ends of the mounting pole.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention uses air temperature change as the core judgment signal, and utilizes the difference in thermal response between near-surface air temperature and surface sand to accurately determine the state of wind and sand erosion, solving the problems of existing technologies that cannot effectively use air temperature characteristics to judge erosion conditions and lack specificity in monitoring. By capturing near-surface air temperature with a surface temperature sensor and capturing surface sand temperature with a sand temperature sensor, the difference in their thermal response characteristics, combined with the calibration function of a reference sensor, can accurately distinguish between wind and sand deposition and wind erosion.

[0011] 2. The core of this invention uses a conventional, compact temperature sensor with a simple structural design. It does not require complex detection elements (such as ultrasonic or laser sensors), significantly reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs. The temperature signal is minimally affected by wind and sand environments. Compared to signals such as sound waves, lasers, and images, it is less susceptible to interference from sand and dust obstruction and scattering. It can still collect data stably in high-concentration wind and sand environments, demonstrating outstanding anti-interference capabilities. It can be widely applied to monitoring work in various wind and sand sensitive areas such as arid, semi-arid regions, and desert edges.

[0012] 3. This invention employs multiple sets of surface temperature sensors and sand temperature sensors, with each set measuring consistent data to form a redundant design. It also includes a reference surface temperature sensor and a reference sand temperature sensor, which not only serve as benchmarks for determining erosion status but also allow for real-time detection of sensor malfunctions. Combined with outlier removal during data preprocessing, this effectively avoids misjudgments caused by single sensor failures or data anomalies, ensuring the accuracy of erosion status assessment. Furthermore, the surface and sand sensors are installed symmetrically with a boundary ring, precisely corresponding to erosion height and enabling quantitative determination of erosion degree, further improving monitoring accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the wind and sand erosion monitoring system under the near-surface air temperature-surface thermal response difference of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the installation pole for the wind and sand erosion monitoring system under the near-surface air temperature-surface thermal response difference of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram: 101, mounting pole; 201, first mounting base; 202, second mounting base; 203, reference sand temperature sensor; 204, reference surface temperature sensor; 205, boundary ring; 206, surface temperature sensor; 207, sand temperature sensor; 301, wire; 302, solar panel. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Please see Figure 1 This invention proposes a method for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response. This method is implemented through an automatic monitoring system for wind erosion processes constructed below: Step 1: Installation and initial calibration of monitoring devices First, select the sandy area to be monitored (preferably a sandy area with frequent sand erosion, relatively flat terrain, and no obvious obstructions). Insert the temperature monitoring device vertically into the sandy area. During installation, the verticality of the device must be strictly adjusted to ensure that the dividing ring 205 on the temperature monitoring device is precisely at the boundary between the sandy surface and the outside air (i.e., the lower surface of the dividing ring 205 is flush with the sandy surface). Use this as a benchmark to divide the above-ground and underground monitoring areas to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0017] After installation, the sensors of the temperature monitoring device are in their preset working positions: the surface temperature sensor 206 and the reference surface temperature sensor 204 are located above the sandy surface, exposed and in direct contact with the near-surface air. There are 15 surface temperature sensors 206, which are evenly spaced on the ground part of the installation pole 101. All surface temperature sensors 206 have the same monitoring parameters (measurement accuracy, response speed, etc.) to synchronously acquire the current near-surface air ambient temperature, ensuring the stability and reliability of the air temperature data and avoiding the impact of single sensor errors on the monitoring results.

[0018] The reference surface temperature sensor 204 is located at the end of the ground part of the installation pole 101 (i.e., the highest point in relative height). Its monitoring position is always in the air environment and is not affected by wind and sand accumulation. On the one hand, it can be used as a benchmark to determine whether the surface temperature sensor 206 is buried by sand. On the other hand, by comparing its own monitoring data with the monitoring data of surface temperature sensors 206 in various places, it can be determined whether the surface temperature sensor 206 is faulty (such as data sudden change, deviation from the normal range, etc.).

[0019] Meanwhile, the sand temperature sensor 207 and the reference sand temperature sensor 203 on the temperature monitoring device are located below the ground surface and are completely covered by sand, directly contacting the sand layer. There are 15 sand temperature sensors 207, which are evenly spaced in the underground part of the installation pole 101. All sand temperature sensors 207 have the same monitoring parameters to synchronously acquire temperature data at different depths of the sand layer, ensuring the consistency of sand temperature data.

[0020] The reference sand temperature sensor 203 is located at the end of the underground part of the installation pole 101 (i.e., the lowest relative height). Its monitoring position is always buried by sand and is not affected by wind erosion. On the one hand, it can be used as a benchmark for judging whether the sand has been eroded. On the other hand, by comparing its own monitoring data with the monitoring data of each sand temperature sensor 207, it can be determined whether the sand temperature sensor 207 is faulty.

[0021] After the mechanical installation of the temperature monitoring device is completed, the entire monitoring system is started, enabling all sensors, control, and data transmission units to enter operational status. Initial monitoring data from surface temperature sensor 206, reference surface temperature sensor 204, sand temperature sensor 207, and reference sand temperature sensor 203 are continuously collected for at least 30 minutes. The average value of the initial data from each sensor is taken as the temperature reference value (denoted as surface temperature reference value T10 and sand temperature reference value T20, respectively), and recorded at the remote data processing center. Simultaneously, the initial temperature data from the 15 surface temperature sensors 206 are checked, confirming that the deviation of each data point does not exceed ±0.1℃ (meeting monitoring accuracy requirements); the initial temperature data from the 15 sand temperature sensors 207 are also checked, confirming that the deviation of each data point does not exceed ±0.1℃. This completes the initial calibration of the entire device, providing a reliable reference for subsequent periodic monitoring and data comparison. If, during the verification process, the data deviation of any sensor exceeds the allowable range, the sensor is deemed faulty and must be replaced immediately and recalibrated.

[0022] Step 2: Periodic synchronous acquisition of temperature data 1) Data Collection Based on the wind and sand activity patterns of the area to be monitored, a reasonable monitoring cycle is preset (preferably 10-30 minutes / time, which can be shortened to 5 minutes / time during periods of frequent wind and sand activity and extended to 60 minutes / time during periods of calm wind and sand activity). The control and data transmission unit synchronously collects real-time temperature data from the surface temperature sensor group (15 surface temperature sensors 206) and the sand temperature sensor group (15 sand temperature sensors 207) according to this preset monitoring cycle, denoted as t1 (real-time monitoring value of surface temperature sensor 206, 15 sets of data) and t2 (real-time monitoring value of sand temperature sensor 207, 15 sets of data), respectively. All real-time temperature data measured by the surface temperature sensor group and the sand temperature sensor group are initially processed by the control and data transmission unit and then transmitted in real-time to a remote data processing center via wireless transmission methods (such as 4G, 5G, or LoRa) to ensure the timeliness and integrity of data transmission and avoid data loss.

[0023] 2) Data preprocessing After receiving all the collected temperature data, the remote data processing center immediately preprocesses each set of temperature data to remove invalid data and ensure the accuracy of subsequent judgments. The specific preprocessing process is as follows: First, the 3σ criterion is used to screen the validity of each set of collected temperature data, removing abrupt data caused by sensor failure, signal interference, or other factors (i.e., data exceeding the mean ± 3 times the standard deviation of the set of data). Second, the screened valid temperature data are classified and archived according to the sensor number, clearly specifying the real-time monitoring value and monitoring time corresponding to each sensor, which facilitates subsequent data comparison and fault diagnosis. Finally, the number of surface temperature sensors 206 buried by sand during the current monitoring period (i.e., the number of surface temperature sensors 206 whose temperature data deviates from the surface temperature reference value T10 and approaches the sand temperature reference value T20) or the number of sand temperature sensors 207 exposed to the air (i.e., the number of sand temperature sensors 207 whose temperature data deviates from the sand temperature reference value T20 and approaches the surface temperature reference value T10) is recorded simultaneously, providing intuitive status support for subsequent wind and sand erosion status judgment.

[0024] Step 3: Temperature data comparison and wind and sand condition determination 1) Benchmark comparison Using the initial calibrated surface temperature benchmark T10 and sand temperature benchmark T20 from step one as core references, and combining the real-time monitoring values ​​T_s(t) of the benchmark surface temperature sensor 204 and T_e(t) of the benchmark sand temperature sensor 203 during the current monitoring period, the differences between the real-time temperature data t1 of the surface temperature sensor 206 and T10, and T_s(t) of the sand temperature sensor 207, and the differences between the real-time temperature data t2 of the sand temperature sensor 207 and T20, and T_e(t) of the surface temperature sensor 206 at each time period are compared to clarify the trend of temperature data changes and provide data basis for determining the state of wind and sand erosion. Specifically, the real-time monitoring value T_s(t) of the benchmark surface temperature sensor 204 can reflect the true state of the near-surface air temperature in real time, and the real-time monitoring value T_e(t) of the benchmark sand temperature sensor 203 can reflect the true state of the sand layer temperature in real time, avoiding interference from environmental temperature fluctuations on the determination results.

[0025] 2) Determination of erosion state Based on the above temperature data comparison results, and combined with the difference in thermal response between surface temperature and sand temperature, the wind erosion status of the monitoring area is automatically determined in three cases, as follows: (1) Determination of sand accumulation: When the real-time temperature data t1 of the surface temperature sensor 206 (i.e. the ground sensor closest to the ground surface) near the boundary point of the boundary ring 205 is consistent with the real-time monitoring value T_e(t) of the current benchmark sand temperature sensor 203 (data deviation ≤ ±0.1℃), it indicates that the surface temperature sensor 206 has been buried by moving sand, and the monitoring environment has changed from air to sand, which leads to its temperature data approaching the sand temperature. Based on this, it is determined that sand accumulation has occurred in the monitoring area of ​​the device. Furthermore, based on the number of surface temperature sensors 206 that have undergone temperature changes (i.e., t1 is consistent with T_e(t)), and combined with the installation height difference of each surface temperature sensor 206, the height of the sand accumulation can be accurately determined. Taking the boundary ring 205 as a reference, the distance between the highest position of the surface temperature sensor 206 that has undergone temperature changes and the boundary ring 205 is the accumulation thickness (for example, if the installation height difference between adjacent surface temperature sensors 206 is 5cm, and 3 sensors have undergone temperature changes, the accumulation height is determined to be 10-15cm).

[0026] (2) Wind erosion determination: When the real-time temperature data t2 of the sand temperature sensor 207 (i.e., the underground sensor closest to the ground surface) near the boundary point of the boundary ring 205 is consistent with the real-time monitoring value T_s(t) of the current benchmark surface temperature sensor 204 (data deviation ≤ ±0.1℃), it indicates that the sand temperature sensor 207 is exposed to the air due to sand erosion, and the monitoring environment changes from sand to air, which causes its temperature data to approach the air temperature. Based on this, it is determined that sand erosion has occurred in the monitoring area of ​​the device. Furthermore, based on the number of sand temperature sensors 207 that have undergone temperature changes (i.e., t2 is consistent with T_s(t)), combined with the difference in installation depth of each sand temperature sensor 207, the depth and range of sand erosion can be accurately determined (for example, if the difference in installation depth between adjacent sand temperature sensors 207 is 5cm, and two sensors have undergone temperature changes, the wind erosion depth is determined to be 5-10cm).

[0027] (3) Judgment of no obvious erosion: If, throughout the entire monitoring period, the real-time temperature data t1 of all surface temperature sensors 206 always maintains the initial benchmark difference with the real-time monitoring value T_s(t) of the benchmark surface temperature sensor 204 (i.e., the deviation range is consistent with T10 and the deviation is ≤ ±0.1℃), and the real-time temperature data t2 of all sand temperature sensors 207 always maintains the initial benchmark difference with the real-time monitoring value T_e(t) of the benchmark sand temperature sensor 203 (i.e., the deviation range is consistent with T20 and the deviation is ≤ ±0.1℃), and there is no such cross-consistency, it indicates that the sand in the monitoring area has not moved significantly. Based on this, it is determined that there is no obvious wind and sand accumulation or wind erosion in the monitoring area during this period.

[0028] Step 4: Analysis of Monitoring Results and Output of Outcomes The remote data processing center aggregates all monitoring data (including real-time temperature data from each sensor and results of wind and sand erosion status assessment) within a monitoring cycle (e.g., 1 day, 1 week, or 1 month). Combined with concurrently acquired meteorological data from the monitoring area (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, which can be obtained through external meteorological sensors or data from local meteorological departments), the center conducts a comprehensive analysis of the wind and sand erosion process. This analysis clarifies the specific values ​​of wind and sand accumulation and erosion in the monitoring area, as well as the dynamic characteristics of wind and sand erosion (e.g., the temporal distribution of accumulation / erosion and the patterns of intensity changes). Finally, a standardized wind and sand erosion monitoring report is generated. The report includes the monitoring period, an overview of the monitoring area, statistical data, erosion status analysis, and dynamic trends. This report can be output through the remote data processing center's display terminal, printer, and other equipment, providing precise data support for wind and sand control and ecological environment governance.

[0029] Please see Figure 2-4 This embodiment discloses a wind erosion monitoring system under the near-surface air temperature-surface thermal response difference, used to implement the above-mentioned wind erosion monitoring method under the near-surface air temperature-surface thermal response difference. The specific structure is as follows: The monitoring system includes a mounting pole 101, a temperature monitoring component, a control and data transmission unit, a power supply unit, and a remote data processing center. The mounting pole 101 serves as the load-bearing foundation for the entire system and is made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength metal (such as stainless steel). Its length is set according to monitoring requirements (preferably 1.5-2.5m) to ensure that the underground part is inserted into the sand to a depth of not less than 0.8m, thus ensuring the stability of the device installation and preventing the device from tilting or falling due to wind and sand.

[0030] A dividing ring 205 is coaxially fixed in the middle of the mounting pole 101. The dividing ring 205 adopts a sealed structure, which encapsulates the control and data transmission unit and the sensor battery (the core component of the power supply unit). The sealed design prevents sand and rainwater from entering the dividing ring 205, avoiding damage to the internal electronic components and extending the service life of the device. The sensor battery is a component of existing battery technology, with a preferred capacity of 12V / 100Ah, used to provide a stable power supply for the surface temperature sensor 206, the reference surface temperature sensor 204, the sand temperature sensor 207, and the reference sand temperature sensor 203. The dividing ring 205 is provided with a sealed wire hole for leading out the wire 301. The sensor battery is electrically connected to the solar panel 302 through the wire 301. The wire 301 is a waterproof and wear-resistant shielded wire, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the sensor battery and the solar panel 302 through waterproof connectors to ensure the reliability of the electrical connection and prevent short circuits caused by wire damage. The solar panel 302 is placed in an open area of ​​the monitoring area (unobstructed and with sufficient sunlight). Its installation angle is 30-45° with the horizontal plane to maximize the reception of solar energy. After the solar panel 302 converts the light energy into electrical energy, it is transmitted to the sensor battery for storage through the wire 301. This provides a stable power supply for the long-term unattended operation of various sensors and control and data transmission units, eliminating the need for frequent battery replacements.

[0031] The installation pole 101 is divided into an above-ground part and an underground part by the dividing ring 205. The two parts are designed symmetrically to ensure the symmetry and accuracy of monitoring. Fifteen first mounting bases 201 are bolted to the ground portion of the mounting pole 101. These 15 first mounting bases 201 are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the mounting pole 101 (preferably 5cm between adjacent bases). Each first mounting base 201 has a groove inside, within which a surface temperature sensor 206 is bolted to ensure its monitoring probe is exposed and in full contact with the near-surface air, while preventing damage from external impacts. A reference surface temperature sensor 204 is fixed to the end (top) of the ground portion of the mounting pole 101. Its monitoring probe is higher than all the surface temperature sensors 206, ensuring it remains exposed to the air environment and is unaffected by wind and sand accumulation. Both the surface temperature sensor 206 and the reference surface temperature sensor 204 utilize existing compact and high-precision temperature layer sensor components, with a measurement accuracy ≤ ±0.1℃ and a response time ≤ 5s, enabling rapid capture of temperature changes. Both are electrically connected to a sensor battery via wires and are powered by the sensor battery.

[0032] The underground portion of the mounting pole 101 is bolted with 15 second mounting bases 202. These second mounting bases 202 have identical structures to the first mounting bases 201, and are mirror-symmetrically installed with the 15 first mounting bases 201 around the dividing ring 205. This ensures that the surface temperature sensor 206 and the corresponding sand temperature sensor 207 are on the same vertical axis, facilitating subsequent temperature data comparison and determination of erosion height / depth. Each second mounting base 202 also has a groove within which the sand temperature sensor 207 is bolted, ensuring full contact between the sensor's probe and the sand, guaranteeing accurate sand temperature monitoring. At the bottom of the underground portion of the mounting pole 101, a reference sand temperature sensor 203 is fixed. This sensor is secured by a dedicated bracket, and its probe is lower than all the sand temperature sensors 207, ensuring it is always buried in sand and unaffected by wind erosion. Both the sand temperature sensor 207 and the reference sand temperature sensor 203 use existing compact and high-precision temperature layer sensor components. Their models, measurement accuracy, and response times are the same as those of the surface temperature sensor 206 and the reference surface temperature sensor 204. Both are electrically connected to the sensor battery via wires and are powered by the sensor battery.

[0033] The control and data transmission unit is connected to the surface temperature sensor 206, the reference surface temperature sensor 204, the sand temperature sensor 207, and the reference sand temperature sensor 203 via wires. Internally, it encapsulates a sensor control module, a data transmission module, and a storage module. The sensor control module controls the start, stop, and data acquisition frequency of each sensor, and can automatically trigger sensor data acquisition according to a preset monitoring cycle. The data transmission module transmits the acquired temperature data to a remote data processing center in real time, supporting wireless transmission to ensure timely and stable data transmission. The storage module temporarily stores the acquired temperature data, with a preferred storage capacity of 16GB to prevent data loss due to network interruptions. Once the network is restored, the data is automatically synchronized to the remote data processing center.

[0034] The remote data processing center is wirelessly connected to the control and data transmission unit. It can be a computer terminal or a dedicated server, with built-in data processing software and a monitoring and management platform. The core functions of the remote data processing center include: receiving all temperature and status data from the control and data transmission unit; preprocessing the received data (removing outliers and classifying and archiving); automatically determining the state of wind and sand erosion based on preset judgment logic; comprehensively analyzing the monitoring results in conjunction with meteorological data; generating and outputting monitoring reports; and simultaneously displaying the real-time operating status of each sensor, issuing timely alarms if a sensor malfunction is detected, facilitating timely maintenance by staff.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Installation and initial calibration of the monitoring device. Insert the temperature monitoring device into the sandy area to be monitored. Ensure that the surface temperature sensor and the reference surface temperature sensor on the temperature monitoring device are exposed above the sandy surface, while the sand temperature sensor and the reference sand temperature sensor on the temperature monitoring device are covered below the surface. Obtain the initial temperature data of the temperature monitoring device and perform initial calibration. Step 2: Periodic synchronous acquisition of temperature data According to the preset monitoring cycle, the real-time temperature data of all temperature sensors in the surface temperature sensor group and the sand temperature sensor group are acquired and transmitted to the remote data processing center. The remote data processing center performs data preprocessing on each set of temperature data collected. Step 3: Temperature data comparison and wind and sand condition determination Using the initial calibrated temperature reference values ​​of the surface temperature sensor and sand temperature sensor as a reference, the difference in real-time temperature data of the surface temperature sensor and sand temperature sensor at different time periods is compared to determine the erosion state. Step 4: Analysis of Monitoring Results and Output of Outcomes By combining meteorological data within the monitoring period, a wind and sand erosion monitoring report is generated, which clarifies the amount of wind and sand accumulation, wind erosion, and dynamic changes in the monitoring area.

2. The method for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the monitoring device is vertically inserted into the area of ​​sand to be tested. The surface temperature sensor and the reference surface temperature sensor on it are used to obtain the temperature data of the current air environment, and the sand temperature sensor and the reference sand temperature sensor are used to obtain the internal temperature data of the sand.

3. The method for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, after obtaining the temperature data, the data is preprocessed. The data preprocessing includes filtering the data for validity, removing outliers, retaining valid temperature data, and classifying and archiving it according to the sensor number.

4. The method for monitoring wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the specific process for determining the erosion state is as follows: Determination of wind and sand accumulation: When the surface temperature sensor t1 temperature data near the boundary point of the monitoring device is compared with the current baseline sand and soil temperature sensor temperature data... When the values ​​are consistent, it is determined that sand and soil have accumulated in the area monitored by the device, and the height of the sand and soil accumulation is determined based on the number of surface temperature sensors that have shown temperature changes. Wind erosion determination: When the temperature data of sand temperature sensor t2 near the boundary point of the monitoring device is consistent with the temperature data T_s(t) of the current benchmark surface temperature sensor, it is determined that the sand in the monitoring area of ​​the device has undergone wind erosion. The wind erosion situation of sand is determined according to the number of sand temperature sensors that have experienced temperature changes. Judgment of no obvious erosion: If the temperature data of the surface temperature sensor and the sand temperature sensor remain consistent with the initial benchmark and there is no overlap, it is determined that there is no obvious wind and sand accumulation or wind erosion in the monitored area during this period.

5. A monitoring system for wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response, used to implement the monitoring method for wind erosion under the difference between near-surface air temperature and surface thermal response as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that... include: The mounting pole (101) is used to support the surface temperature sensor (206) and the sand temperature sensor (207). A dividing ring (205) is coaxially fixed in the middle of the mounting pole (101). The dividing ring (205) encapsulates the control and data transmission unit and the sensor battery. The mounting pole (101) is divided into an above-ground part and an underground part by a dividing ring (205). Several first mounting bases (201) are fixedly installed on the above-ground part of the mounting pole (101). A surface temperature sensor (206) is fixedly installed inside each first mounting base (201). A reference surface temperature sensor (204) is fixedly installed at the end of the above-ground part of the mounting pole (101). The underground part of the mounting pole (101) is fixedly equipped with several second mounting bases (202), each second mounting base (202) is fixedly equipped with a sand temperature sensor (207), and the underground part of the mounting pole (101) is fixedly equipped with a reference sand temperature sensor (203). The surface temperature sensor (206), the reference surface temperature sensor (204), the sand temperature sensor (207) and the reference sand temperature sensor (203) are electrically connected to the sensor battery in the boundary ring (205), and the sensor battery is electrically connected to the solar panel (302) through the wire (301). The data processing center receives data streams from the control and data transmission unit and performs subsequent processing on the data.

6. The wind erosion monitoring system under the near-surface air temperature-surface thermal response difference according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are 15 first mounting bases (201) and 15 second mounting bases (202). The reference surface temperature sensor (204) and the reference sand temperature sensor (203) are located at both ends of the mounting pole (101).

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