Space station online cabinet inertial particle dynamics experiment system and method

Abstract

The application relates to a space station online cabinet inertial particle dynamics experiment system and method, the experiment system comprising a casing and a turbulent flow generating mechanism, a liquid droplet recovery mechanism, a liquid droplet injection mechanism, a particle tracking module and an electronic module which are installed in the casing, the turbulent flow generating mechanism is installed on the bottom wall of the casing and has a visual turbulent flow generating cavity, the liquid droplet injection mechanism is installed on the top of the turbulent flow generating mechanism and is used for injecting liquid droplets into the turbulent flow generating cavity, the liquid droplet recovery mechanism is installed on the bottom of the turbulent flow generating mechanism and is used for recovering the liquid droplets in the turbulent flow generating cavity; the particle tracking module is installed outside the transparent plate group of the turbulent flow generating mechanism and is used for shooting the liquid droplet movement in the turbulent flow generating cavity, and the electronic module is electrically connected with the particle tracking module and transmits the video image application data of the particle tracking module. The turbulent flow generating mechanism receives the instruction from the electronic module, generates turbulent flow in the turbulent flow generating cavity and performs the inertial particle dynamics experiment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of space fluid science experiments, specifically to an inertial particle dynamics experimental system and method for a space station. Background Technology

[0002] Many natural phenomena and industrial processes involve turbulent flows carrying particulate matter, such as blowing sand, cloud and fog evolution, pneumatic transport, atomization, fluidized bed combustion, and catalysis. In these flows, the density of the dispersed particulate phase is usually different from that of the continuous fluid phase, and its inertial effect cannot be ignored, causing the particles to not completely follow the fluid's motion. The motion of these inertial particles in the flow field exhibits many unique characteristics, such as their aggregation and distribution in certain regions of the flow field and the long-tailed probability density distribution of relative velocities between particles. These characteristics have a crucial impact on the flow carrying particles themselves. For example, the aggregation and distribution of inertial particles in specific regions of the flow field can greatly increase the collision frequency between inertial particles. The collision frequency between droplets in cumulus clouds determines the speed of rainfall formation, which directly determines the duration of the cumulus cloud itself.

[0003] Current research on the dynamics of inertial particles in turbulent flow fields faces numerous challenges in both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Current theoretical analyses and numerical simulations rely on simplified single-particle motion equations, which neglect various fluid-induced mechanisms of particle interaction (e.g., historical forces) and only consider viscous drag (Stokes drag). Furthermore, these analyses and simulations fail to account for inter-particle interactions via fluid flow, which can be significant when particles are close together, such as fluid lubrication. Therefore, while theoretical analyses indicate that turbulence may significantly increase the collision frequency between inertial particles, the specific dependence of this collision frequency on particle properties and turbulent field characteristic parameters remains inconclusive. Thus, obtaining high-quality experimental data is crucial for studying the dynamic characteristics of inertial particles in turbulent flow fields. However, in ground-based experiments, the motion of inertial particles is inevitably affected by gravity, introducing additional complexity to the analysis and utilization of experimental results. A common method to reduce the influence of gravity in ground-based fluid experiments is to increase the flow velocity. If the influence of gravity is reduced by enhancing flow field pulsation, then the particle diameter also needs to be reduced to keep the particle inertia within the range of interest. Furthermore, the significant contribution of turbulent flow to droplet collisions comes from the so-called nonlocal effect, where disturbances in the turbulent field allow inertial particles to travel at higher speeds to distant locations and collide with other local particles. Identifying this effect requires tracking the inertial particles for a relatively long time.

[0004] Existing turbulence generators do not consider controlling the humidity level of the enclosed cavity. In natural and industrial production, many environmental turbulence problems are deeply coupled with humidity conditions, and their evolution mechanisms are not yet fully understood. For example, in cloud and precipitation physics, turbulent fluctuations drive local supersaturation of water vapor, directly affecting the nucleation and collision efficiency of cloud droplets.

[0005] Furthermore, existing turbulence generators are based on ground-based designs and are unsuitable for the space environment. Patent applications CN110231143A (homogeneous isotropic turbulence generator) and CN121296522A (method for generating uniform isotropic turbulence using a liquid suction array) disclose similar turbulence generation methods, but these methods are only applicable to ground-based experiments and cannot be applied to the space environment of this experiment. Inertial particle dynamics experiments require the injection of a large number of droplets into a cavity. However, in the microgravity environment of a space station, these droplets will remain suspended in a sealed cavity for extended periods, leading to three key problems: First, the continuous evaporation of suspended droplets causes rapid changes in humidity within the cavity, altering the properties and phase evolution of the experimental medium due to the lack of humidity control. Second, the inability to effectively recover droplets continuously disrupts the flow field, making it difficult to generate or maintain a clean and stable turbulent environment. Third, droplets tend to spread upon contact with the observation window, altering the optical properties of the glass surface and severely impacting camera imaging quality. These are challenges that existing ground-based experimental technologies designed for gravity environments cannot overcome. Therefore, turbulence generation technologies suitable for space must address the fundamental challenges of fluid medium recovery and humidity control in the turbulent field.

[0006] Therefore, studying the dynamic characteristics of inertial particles in turbulent flow fields on a space station has significant theoretical and practical value. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system and method.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: The present invention provides a space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system, including a housing and a turbulence generating mechanism, a droplet recovery mechanism, a droplet injection mechanism, a particle tracking module and an electronics module installed in the housing. The turbulence generating mechanism is installed on the bottom wall of the housing and has a visible turbulence generating cavity. The droplet injection mechanism is installed on the top of the turbulence generating mechanism and is used to inject droplets into the turbulence generating cavity. The droplet recovery mechanism is installed on the bottom of the turbulence generating mechanism and is used to recover the droplets in the turbulence generating cavity. The particle tracking module is installed on the outside of the transparent plate group of the turbulence generating mechanism and is used to capture the movement of droplets in the turbulence generating cavity. The electronics module is electrically connected to the particle tracking module and transmits the video image application data of the particle tracking module.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system includes a turbulence generation mechanism that generates a turbulent field, producing approximately uniform and isotropic turbulence with extremely low average velocity at the center of the turbulence generation cavity. A droplet injection mechanism primarily generates droplets with the required experimental particle size. A droplet recovery mechanism condenses and collects the droplets within the turbulence generation cavity. A particle tracking module performs white-light backlighting imaging of the droplet motion within the turbulence generation cavity and acquires and transmits video image application data via an electronics module. This turbulence generation device can create a uniform and isotropic turbulent field in the space station with no settling, precisely settable humidity (supersaturation), and long-term stability. This device achieves precise and stable control of humidity levels within a sealed space cavity, thus providing an irreplaceable experimental platform for revealing the intrinsic physical laws of these key processes.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0011] Furthermore, the turbulence generating mechanism also includes a loudspeaker. The turbulence generating cavity includes a mounting frame, a fixing plate, and a mounting plate. The mounting frame includes multiple square mounting surfaces and multiple equilateral triangular mounting surfaces, each of which is hollow. Each of the four sides of each square mounting surface is connected to an equilateral triangular mounting surface. The multiple square mounting surfaces are arranged opposite each other in pairs. The multiple equilateral triangular mounting surfaces are arranged opposite each other in pairs. A mounting plate is fixed on each of the equilateral triangular mounting surfaces. The droplet recovery mechanism is fixed on one of the square mounting surfaces, and a fixing plate is fixed on the other square mounting surfaces. A mounting hole is opened at the center of the mounting plate. A loudspeaker is fixed at the mounting hole of each mounting plate. Two loudspeakers arranged opposite each other are coaxially arranged. A square mounting surface on which the droplet recovery mechanism is fixed is called the droplet recovery surface. Among the two square mounting surfaces that are perpendicular to and opposite to the droplet recovery surface, the fixing plate on one square mounting surface is the first transparent plate, and the fixing plate on the other square mounting surface is the second transparent plate. The particle tracking module is located outside the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate. A droplet spraying mechanism is installed at the center of the outer side of the fixing plate directly opposite the droplet recovery mechanism.

[0012] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are as follows: The turbulence generating mechanism, by setting up a polyhedral turbulence generating cavity and installing multiple pairs of loudspeakers, can drive the generation of intermittent air jets. This ensures that the droplets within the turbulence generating cavity are only affected by their initial velocity and the vibration of the loudspeakers. This enables the droplets entering the turbulence generating cavity to produce approximately uniform and isotropic turbulence with extremely low average velocity. It allows for the acquisition of quantitative relationships between particle collision frequencies, particle properties, and turbulence field characteristic parameters, providing a basis for engineering design. It also provides a particle collision model, enhancing the ability of engineering simulation software to handle flow containing particles. By fixing a liquid recovery module on a square mounting surface, the droplets can be recovered after the experiment, avoiding interference with subsequent experiments and preventing adverse effects of the droplets on the device.

[0013] Furthermore, the mounting frame includes six square mounting surfaces and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces. All six square mounting surfaces and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces are hollow structures. The side length of the square mounting surfaces is equal to the side length of the equilateral triangular mounting surfaces. The plane center normals of the six square mounting surfaces and the plane center normals of the eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces all point to the center of the turbulence generating cavity.

[0014] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are: by setting six square mounting surfaces and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces, the average velocity of the flow field in the center of the turbulence generating cavity is small and the uniformity is good, forming an approximately uniform isotropic turbulent field with an average flow velocity much lower than the pulsating velocity in a compact space.

[0015] Furthermore, the first transparent plate is a glossy transparent plate that can be self-heated, and the second transparent plate is a matte transparent plate.

[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are as follows: In order to prevent droplet aggregation, a glass window with heating function is designed on the cubic turbulence generating cavity. The heating function is turned on before the experiment starts, so that the glass temperature is higher than the internal ambient temperature, thereby suppressing the generation of water mist and realizing the defogging function of the window.

[0017] Furthermore, a power amplifier is provided inside the housing, which is electrically connected to the electronics module and the speaker respectively; the speaker includes a diaphragm and a flow guide tube, the diaphragm is fixed around one side of the mounting hole and located outside the turbulence generating cavity, the flow guide tube is fixed around the other side of the mounting hole and located inside the turbulence generating cavity, and the vibration output end of the diaphragm is arranged facing the mounting hole and the flow guide tube.

[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that by setting a coaxially arranged diaphragm and a flow guide tube, the amplitude of the loudspeaker can be guided and transmitted.

[0019] Furthermore, the guide tube has a funnel-shaped structure, with the large end of the guide tube being open and the small end being closed. Multiple first guide holes are provided on the side wall of the guide tube, and a second guide hole is provided on the end face of the small end of the guide tube. The second guide hole is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole.

[0020] Furthermore, the droplet ejection mechanism includes an optical fiber coupler, a nozzle, and a first support member. The first support member is fixed on the turbulence generating mechanism. Both the optical fiber coupler and the nozzle are mounted on the first support member. The first support member has vertically arranged and intersecting optical and liquid channels. The nozzle is coaxially mounted on one end of the liquid channel and communicates with the liquid channel. The other end of the liquid channel is an open structure and extends into the turbulence generating cavity. The optical fiber coupler is coaxially mounted on one end of the optical channel and communicates with the optical channel. The intersection of the central axis of the optical channel and the central axis of the liquid channel is the optical-liquid phase intersection point. The ejection end of the nozzle is located above the optical-liquid phase intersection point. The first support member includes a support surface and an assembly surface. The nozzle is mounted on the support surface side of the first support member via a clamping assembly. The assembly surface of the first support member is used for assembly with the turbulence generating mechanism. The support surface and the assembly surface are arranged parallel to each other or at an acute angle.

[0021] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: the droplet jetting mechanism integrates both the optical path channel and the liquid path channel on the first support component, the entire first support component is easy to disassemble and assemble, and different droplet jetting mechanisms can be replaced as needed. The liquid is transported into the turbulence generation cavity through the nozzle, and the fiber optic coupler can be connected to the laser. The pulsed laser generated by the laser is transmitted to the liquid path nozzle through the optical fiber. The laser is focused on the jet section close to the nozzle, and the pulsed laser generates thermal excitation to modulate the surface tension of the jet at the liquid spraying end, generating droplets, so as to facilitate subsequent turbulence tests.

[0022] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a support plate, a positioning block, and a clamping block. The support plate is detachably connected to the support surface of the first support member. The positioning block is fixed on the support plate. The clamping block and the positioning block are detachably connected by screws. A clamping channel is formed between the clamping block and the positioning block. A nozzle through hole is provided on the support plate to connect the clamping channel with the liquid channel. The nozzle is clamped and positioned in the clamping channel by the positioning block and the clamping block and extends into the liquid channel through the nozzle through hole.

[0023] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: by setting positioning blocks and clamping blocks, it is convenient to clamp the nozzle and adjust the clamping position and force.

[0024] Furthermore, when the supporting surface and the assembly surface are arranged parallel to each other, a mounting slot is provided on the supporting surface of the supporting plate. The supporting plate is installed at the bottom of the mounting slot by screws and both ends extend from the openings at both ends of the mounting slot. The bottom of the mounting slot is arranged parallel to the supporting surface. When the support surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, the support plate is directly mounted on the support surface by screws.

[0025] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: by setting the installation through slot, the overall structural layout is made more compact, which also facilitates the assembly of components such as fiber optic couplers.

[0026] Furthermore, a first mounting groove is formed on the first support member, and the optical fiber coupler is sealed and assembled in the first mounting groove; When the supporting surface and the mounting surface are arranged parallel to each other, a second mounting groove is formed on the outer surface of the first supporting member, and a beam terminator is installed in the second mounting groove. The beam terminator is coaxially arranged at the other end of the optical path channel and communicates with the optical path channel. When the supporting surface and the mounting surface are arranged at an acute angle, the other end of the optical path channel is a blocking structure.

[0027] Furthermore, when the supporting surface and the assembly surface are arranged parallel to each other, the distance between the optical-liquid phase intersection point and the assembly surface along the liquid channel direction is a; when the supporting surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, the distance between the optical-liquid phase intersection point and the assembly surface along the liquid channel direction is b; wherein, a > b, and the difference between a and b is 1 mm ~ 2 mm.

[0028] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that when the support surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, the distance between the nozzle and the turbulence generation cavity can be shortened, which will greatly reduce the probability of droplet aggregation.

[0029] Furthermore, the first support member is also provided with an observation channel, which is arranged perpendicularly to the optical path channel and the liquid path channel respectively. The central axis of the observation channel passes through the intersection of the optical and liquid phases, and the two ends of the observation channel are respectively detachably connected with dustproof structures.

[0030] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that by setting up an observation channel, it is convenient to observe the formation of internal droplets.

[0031] Furthermore, the droplet ejection mechanism also includes a laser, an optical fiber, an injection pump, and a liquid storage bag. The injection pump is connected to the liquid storage bag and the nozzle respectively and injects the working fluid in the liquid storage bag into the liquid channel through the nozzle. The laser is connected to the optical fiber coupler through the optical fiber and emits laser light into the optical channel. The nozzle ejects the working fluid to form a liquid column and is dispersed by the laser at the optical-liquid intersection point to form droplets.

[0032] Furthermore, the droplet recovery mechanism includes a foam metal block, a water-absorbing filler, a thermoelectric cooling unit, a pressure plate frame, a first support member, and a heat-conducting assembly base plate. The two opposite sides of the first support member are an assembly surface and a heat-conducting surface, respectively. The assembly surface is mounted on the bottom of the turbulence generating mechanism. The assembly surface has an assembly groove. The assembly surface around the groove opening is heat-insulated and fixedly connected to the square mounting surface. The foam metal block is placed in the assembly groove. The water-absorbing filler is filled between the peripheral sidewall of the foam metal block and the groove wall of the assembly groove. A pressure plate frame is fixed at the groove opening. The pressure plate frame is annular and presses against the foam metal block and the water-absorbing filler. The other side of the first support member is equipped with a thermoelectric cooling unit and a heat-conducting assembly base plate. The cold end of the thermoelectric cooling unit is attached to the heat-conducting surface of the first support member, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling unit is attached to the heat-conducting assembly base plate.

[0033] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: the droplet recovery mechanism can be used on the turbulence generation cavity of the space station, serving as a wall of the turbulence generation cavity to recover droplets used for turbulence experiments within the cavity. This invention combines a foamed metal block, absorbent filler, and a thermoelectric cooling unit. The temperature setting of the thermoelectric cooling unit can be lower than the dew point temperature of the humid air within the turbulence generation cavity. Water vapor condenses on the surface of the foamed metal block, and the condensed liquid water enters and is stored in the pores of the foamed metal block under surface tension. Due to the small outer surface area of ​​the foamed metal block, the liquid stored within evaporates slowly, similar to a sponge that remains moist for a long time after absorbing water, thus enabling the collection of droplets within the turbulence generation cavity through condensation. The absorbent filler improves the water storage and retention capacity of the entire droplet recovery mechanism.

[0034] Furthermore, a first heat insulation frame is provided on the mounting surface of the first support member. The first heat insulation frame is located outside the groove of the mounting slot and is adapted to the shape of the groove. The pressure plate frame is located on the inner ring side of the first heat insulation frame. A second heat insulation frame is provided between the heat-conducting assembly base plate and the first support member. The heat-conducting surface of the first support member is heat-insulatedly connected to the heat-conducting assembly base plate through the second heat insulation frame. The second heat insulation frame has multiple through holes. Multiple thermoelectric cooling units are provided, and the multiple thermoelectric cooling units pass through the multiple through holes one by one. A heat-insulating strip is provided on the heat-conducting surface of the first support member, and the heat-insulating strip is located on the periphery of the second heat-insulating frame.

[0035] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that by setting the first heat insulation frame, the heat insulation connection between the entire droplet recovery mechanism and the turbulence generation cavity can be realized.

[0036] Furthermore, multiple support fixing blocks are fixed in the assembly groove, and multiple connecting ear plates and multiple pressing ear plates are formed on the outer peripheral side of the pressure plate frame. The multiple connecting ear plates are fixed on the multiple support fixing blocks one by one, and the multiple pressing ear plates are respectively pressed onto the corresponding water-absorbing filler.

[0037] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that the pressure plate frame can simultaneously achieve the pressing and positioning of the water-absorbing filler and the foam metal block.

[0038] Furthermore, a threaded sleeve is vertically fixed at the center of the bottom of the assembly groove. The threaded sleeve passes through the bottom of the assembly groove, the foam metal block, and the heat-conducting assembly base plate. A first screw and a second screw are threaded to both ends of the threaded sleeve, respectively. A limiting pressure plate is provided between the first screw and the foam metal block, and the second screw is used to limit the heat-conducting assembly base plate.

[0039] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are: by setting the threaded sleeve, the foam metal block can be positioned, and the first support can be assembled and fixed on the heat-conducting assembly base plate.

[0040] Furthermore, a first heat-conducting layer is provided between the foam metal block and the bottom of the assembly groove, a second heat-conducting layer is provided between the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit and the heat-conducting surface of the first support member, and a third heat-conducting layer is provided between the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit and the heat-conducting assembly base plate. The outer surface of the peripheral sidewall of the first support member is covered with a layer of thermal insulation cotton; the assembly groove is a rectangular groove, and the foam metal block is a rectangular block.

[0041] Furthermore, the particle tracking module includes a camera and a light source. The camera is arranged outside the first transparent plate, and the light source is located outside the second transparent plate. The central axis of the camera and the central axis of the light source both pass through the center of the turbulence generating cavity.

[0042] This invention also provides a method for conducting inertial particle dynamics experiments in a space station's line cabinet, implemented using the aforementioned space station line cabinet inertial particle dynamics experimental system, comprising the following steps: a turbulence generating mechanism receives instructions from the electronics module to generate turbulence within the turbulence generating cavity; a droplet ejection mechanism receives instructions from the electronics module to eject droplets into the turbulence generating cavity before the start of each set of experiments; a droplet recovery mechanism receives instructions from the electronics module to condense and collect the droplets after the end of each set of experiments; and a particle tracking module receives instructions from the electronics module to capture images of the droplet motion within the turbulence generating cavity and transmit the video images back to the electronics module.

[0043] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the experimental method of this invention can realize the study of the dynamic characteristics of inertial particles in turbulent flow fields, and can obtain the quantitative relationship between particle collision frequency and particle properties and turbulent field characteristic parameters according to experimental needs, providing a basis for engineering design; it can also provide particle collision models according to actual experimental needs, and improve the ability of engineering simulation software to handle flow containing particles. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of the experimental system for inertial particle dynamics in the space station of the present invention. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inertial particle dynamics experimental system for the space station in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inertial particle dynamics experimental system for the space station in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inertial particle dynamics experimental system for the space station in this invention. Figure 3 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inertial particle dynamics experimental system for the space station in this invention. Figure 4 ; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the turbulence generator for the inertial particle dynamics experiment on the space station of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the turbulence generator for the inertial particle dynamics experiment on the space station of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the turbulence generator for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station of the present invention. Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA; Figure 12 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of BB; Figure 13 This is a top view schematic diagram of the turbulence generator for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station of the present invention. Figure 14 for Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the turbulence generator for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station of the present invention. Figure 16 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the turbulence generator for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station of the present invention. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure at the corner of the droplet recovery mechanism of the present invention; Figure 18 for Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA; Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the droplet recovery mechanism of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 20 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the droplet recovery mechanism of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 21 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the droplet recovery mechanism of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 22 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the droplet recovery mechanism of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 23 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of one embodiment of the droplet jetting device for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station's linear cabinet according to the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 24 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of one embodiment of the droplet jetting device for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station's linear cabinet according to the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 25 This is a front view schematic diagram of one embodiment of the droplet jetting device for inertial particle dynamics experiments in a space station of the present invention. Figure 26 for Figure 25Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA; Figure 27 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the droplet jetting device for inertial particle dynamics experiments in a space station of the present invention. Figure 28 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another embodiment of the droplet jetting device for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 29 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another embodiment of the droplet jetting device for the inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 30 This is a front view schematic diagram of another embodiment of the droplet jetting device for inertial particle dynamics experiment in the space station of the present invention. Figure 31 for Figure 30 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of BB; Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the injection pump, the reservoir bag, and the nozzle of the present invention; Figure 33 The flow field diagram at the center of the turbulence generation cavity of the turbulence generator, as measured by PIV; Figure 34 A streamline diagram of the average velocity of the flow field at the center of the turbulence generation chamber of the turbulence generator, as measured by PIV. Figure 35 A percentage plot of the spatial variation of the root mean square (rms) velocity of the turbulence generation cavity at the center of the turbulence generation device, as measured by PIV. Figure 36 The ratio of the horizontal pulsating velocity rms to the vertical rms at the center of the turbulence generating chamber of the PIV turbulence generator; Figure 37 The turbulent kinetic energy spectrum curve at the center point of the turbulence generating cavity of the turbulence generating device, as measured by PIV.

[0045] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1000, Turbulence Generating Mechanism; 100, Loudspeaker; 101, Mounting Frame; 102, Fixing Plate; 103, Droplet Ejection Module Mounting Hole; 104, Mounting Plate; 105, Mounting Hole; 106, First Transparent Plate; 107, Second Transparent Plate; 109, First Sealing Ring; 110, Second Sealing Ring; 111, Diaphragm; 112, Flow Guide; 113, First Flow Guide Hole; 114, Second Flow Guide Hole; 115, Power Amplifier; 2000, Droplet ejection mechanism; 200, First support member; 201, Support surface; 202, Assembly surface; 203, Nozzle; 204, Optical path channel; 205, Liquid path channel; 206, Observation channel; 207, Dust plug; 208, Screw; 209, Spraying end; 210, Support plate; 211, Positioning block; 212, Clamping block; 213, Mounting slot; 214, Slot bottom; 215, Beam terminator; 216, Sealing structure; 217, Housing; 218, Lens assembly; 219, Fiber optic connector; 220, Injection pump; 221, Liquid storage bag; 222, Fiber optic coupler; 223, Dustproof baffle; 224, First assembly slot.

[0046] 3000. Droplet recovery mechanism; 300. Foam metal block; 301. Second support component; 302. Assembly groove; 303. Water absorption gap; 304. Pressure plate frame; 305. Thermoelectric refrigeration unit; 306. Thermally conductive assembly base plate; 307. First heat insulation frame; 308. Second heat insulation frame; 309. Through hole; 310. Heat insulation strip; 311. Support fixing block; 312. Connecting ear plate; 313. Press-fit ear plate; 314. Threaded sleeve; 315. First screw; 316. Second screw; 317. Limiting pressure plate; 318. Limiting protrusion; 400. Camera; 401. Light source; 500. Electronic module; 600. Cabinet assembly plate; 601. Housing; 602. Liquid cooling plate. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1 like Figures 1-37 As shown, this embodiment of a space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system includes a housing 601 and a turbulence generating mechanism 1000, a droplet recovery mechanism 3000, a droplet injection mechanism 2000, a particle tracking module, and an electronics module installed inside the housing 601. The turbulence generating mechanism 1000 is installed on the bottom wall of the housing 601 and has a visible turbulence generating cavity. The droplet injection mechanism 2000 is installed on the top of the turbulence generating mechanism 1000 and is used to inject droplets into the turbulence generating cavity. The droplet recovery mechanism 3000 is installed on the bottom of the turbulence generating mechanism 1000 and is used to recover the droplets in the turbulence generating cavity. The particle tracking module is installed on the outside of the transparent plate group of the turbulence generating mechanism 1000 and is used to capture the movement of droplets in the turbulence generating cavity. The electronics module 500 is electrically connected to the particle tracking module and transmits the video image application data of the particle tracking module.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the particle tracking module in this embodiment includes a camera 400 and a light source 401. The camera 400 is arranged outside the first transparent plate 106, and the light source 401 is located outside the second transparent plate 107. The central axis of both the camera 400 and the light source 401 passes through the geometric center of the turbulence generating cavity. Preferably, it may include three cameras 400 and three light sources 401. The three cameras 400 and three light sources 401 are arranged opposite each other on opposite sides of the turbulence generating mechanism 1000. The three cameras 400 and three light sources 401 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. One set of cameras 400 and light sources 401 are coaxially arranged with their central axes passing through the geometric center of the turbulence generating cavity. The central axes of the three sets of cameras 400 and light sources 401 intersect at the geometric center of the turbulence generating cavity.

[0050] This embodiment describes a space station-based inertial particle dynamics experimental system. The turbulence generation mechanism is a device that generates turbulent fields, producing approximately uniform and isotropic turbulence with extremely low average velocity at the center of the turbulence generation cavity. The droplet ejection mechanism primarily generates droplets with the required particle size for the experiment. The droplet recovery mechanism can condense and collect the droplets within the turbulence generation cavity. The particle tracking module can perform white-light backlighting photography of the droplet motion within the turbulence generation cavity and acquire and transmit video image application data through the electronics module.

[0051] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example provides a preferred embodiment of a turbulence generating mechanism. For example... Figures 8-16 As shown, the turbulence generating mechanism 1000 in this embodiment also includes a loudspeaker 100. The turbulence generating cavity includes a mounting frame 101, a fixing plate 102, and a mounting plate 104. The mounting frame 101 includes multiple square mounting surfaces and multiple equilateral triangular mounting surfaces, each of which is hollow. Each of the four sides of each square mounting surface is connected to an equilateral triangular mounting surface. The multiple square mounting surfaces are arranged opposite each other in pairs, and the multiple equilateral triangular mounting surfaces are arranged opposite each other in pairs. Each equilateral triangular mounting surface is fixed with a mounting plate 104. One of the square mounting surfaces is fixed with a droplet recovery mechanism 3000, and the other square mounting surfaces are fixed with a fixing plate 102. The mounting plate 104 has a mounting hole 105 at its center. Each mounting hole 105 of the mounting plate 104 is fixed with a loudspeaker 100. The two loudspeakers 100 arranged opposite each other are coaxially arranged.

[0052] like Figure 15 and Figure 16As shown, specifically, the fixing plate 102 is sealed and fixed to the four frame sides of the square mounting surface by the first sealing ring 109, and the mounting plate 104 is sealed and fixed to the three frame sides of the equilateral triangular mounting surface by the second sealing ring 110. This allows the turbulence generating cavity to form a closed structure, preventing liquid from leaking out of the turbulence generating cavity.

[0053] A square mounting surface on which the droplet recovery mechanism 3000 is fixed is designated as the droplet recovery surface. Of the two square mounting surfaces arranged perpendicularly to and opposite to the droplet recovery surface, the fixing plate 102 on one square mounting surface is a first transparent plate 106, and the fixing plate 102 on the other square mounting surface is a second transparent plate 107. The first transparent plate 106 and the second transparent plate 107 constitute a transparent plate group. The particle tracking module is located outside the first transparent plate 106 and the second transparent plate 107. A droplet ejection mechanism 2000 is installed at the center of the outer side of a fixing plate 102 directly opposite the droplet recovery mechanism 3000.

[0054] Preferably, the first transparent plate 106 is a self-heating smooth transparent plate, and the second transparent plate 107 is a matte transparent plate. By using a matte transparent plate, the light source is prevented from being concentrated on a single area within the turbulence generation cavity, which would be detrimental to the experimental process and camera recording. To prevent droplet aggregation, a glass window (smooth transparent plate) with a heating function is designed on the cubic turbulence generation cavity. The heating function is activated before the experiment begins, raising the glass temperature above the internal ambient temperature, thereby suppressing water mist formation and achieving the defogging function of the window. The first transparent plate 106 can be made of self-heating glass, with two electrodes attached to its surface and a conductive film coated on the glass. When energized, heat is generated through the electrodes, converting electrical energy into thermal energy, ultimately raising the glass temperature and preventing condensation and fogging. Furthermore, considering the strength requirements during the upward flow, this glass is tempered, allowing it to operate in relatively harsh environments.

[0055] Specifically, such as Figures 8-10 and Figure 15 As shown, a droplet injection module mounting hole 103 is provided at the center of a fixed plate 102 directly opposite the droplet recovery mechanism 3000, for extending the liquid path channel of the droplet injection module into the turbulence generation chamber. By providing the droplet injection module mounting hole, the droplet injection mechanism 2000 can be mounted on this fixed plate, and the droplet injection mechanism 2000 can be used to inject liquid into the turbulence generation chamber through the droplet injection module mounting hole for subsequent turbulence tests.

[0056] like Figures 8-16As shown, the mounting frame 101 includes six square mounting surfaces and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces. All six square and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces are openwork structures. The side lengths of the square mounting surfaces and the equilateral triangular mounting surfaces are equal. The normals of the center centers of the six square mounting surfaces and the eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces all point towards the center of the turbulence generating cavity. By setting the six square and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces, the average velocity of the flow field at the center of the turbulence generating cavity is low and the uniformity is good, forming an approximately uniform isotropic turbulent field with an average flow velocity much lower than the fluctuating velocity within a compact space.

[0057] In this embodiment, the turbulence generator for the inertial particle dynamics experiment on the space station can be constructed by carving triangular planes at the eight corners of a cubic structure, and installing eight identical loudspeakers on each equilateral triangular mounting surface. The loudspeakers drive intermittent air jets to generate approximately uniform isotropic turbulence with extremely low average velocity at the center of the cubic turbulence generator cavity.

[0058] Furthermore, a power amplifier 115 is provided inside the housing 601, and the power amplifier 115 is electrically connected to the electronics module 500 and the speaker 100 respectively; for example Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the loudspeaker 100 includes a diaphragm 111 and a flow guide tube 112. The diaphragm 111 is fixed around one side of the mounting hole 105 and located outside the turbulence generating cavity. The flow guide tube 112 is fixed around the other side of the mounting hole 105 and located inside the turbulence generating cavity. The vibration output end of the diaphragm 111 is arranged facing the mounting hole 105 and the flow guide tube 112. By setting the diaphragm and flow guide tube coaxially, the amplitude of the loudspeaker can be guided and transmitted. By setting a power amplifier, the power amplifier receives instructions from the in-line cabinet electronics module to control the loudspeaker to drive intermittent air jet generation, generating an approximately uniform isotropic turbulence with a very low average velocity at the center of the turbulence generating cavity. The power amplifier is the control and drive device for the intermittent air jet generation, used by 8 loudspeaker diaphragms, and is designed as a four-channel amplifier, with each channel controlling a pair of loudspeakers mounted on opposite sides of the structure. The power amplifier is also required to be small in size and have low power consumption. By setting up a coaxially arranged diaphragm and a flow guide, the amplitude of the loudspeaker can be guided and transmitted.

[0059] Preferred, such as Figure 12 and Figure 14As shown, the guide tube 112 has a funnel-shaped structure. The large end of the guide tube 112 is open, and the small end is closed. Multiple first guide holes 113 are provided on the side wall of the guide tube 112, and a second guide hole 114 is provided on the end face of the small end of the guide tube 112. The second guide hole 114 is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole 105. Further, as... Figure 12 and Figure 14 As shown, a plurality of first guide holes 113 are arranged in a circle at intervals along the peripheral sidewall of the guide cylinder 112, and a second guide hole 114 is provided and arranged coaxially with the guide cylinder 112.

[0060] In this embodiment, a low-frequency diaphragm is used. The low-frequency diaphragm and the guide tube are matched to generate jets. The jets generated by the eight low-frequency diaphragms in eight directions collide at the center of the cavity in turbulent flow, producing the uniform isotropic turbulent field required for the experiment. The selection of the low-frequency diaphragm must consider both its volume and frequency response characteristics in the low-frequency range.

[0061] The turbulence generating mechanism in this embodiment, by setting up a turbulence generating cavity with a polyhedral structure and multiple pairs of loudspeakers, can drive the generation of intermittent air jets. This ensures that droplets within the turbulence generating cavity are only affected by their initial velocity and the vibration of the loudspeakers. This generates approximately uniform and isotropic turbulence with extremely low average velocity, enabling the acquisition of quantitative relationships between particle collision frequencies, particle properties, and turbulence field characteristic parameters. This provides a basis for engineering design and also provides a particle collision model, enhancing the ability of engineering simulation software to handle flow containing particles. By fixing a liquid recovery module on a square mounting surface, droplets can be recovered after the experiment, preventing them from affecting subsequent experiments and avoiding any adverse effects on the equipment.

[0062] The turbulence generation mechanism of this embodiment was tested. The power amplifier was connected to eight speakers, and a signal generator supplied the power amplifier with a frequency range of 30~10000Hz. Power was supplied to both the power amplifier and the speakers via a DC power supply. The basic performance of both was tested, and both the power amplifier and the speakers functioned normally. Simultaneously, by connecting an oscilloscope to the speaker section and inputting signals with frequencies of 30~50Hz, the results showed that the speakers could accurately respond to input signals of different frequencies, meeting the usage requirements.

[0063] To verify that the turbulence generator creates an approximately uniform isotropic turbulent field with an average velocity much lower than the fluctuating velocity within a 1cm x 1cm x 1cm region of the turbulence generating cavity, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the flow field in a 2.2cm x 2.2cm plane at the center of the turbulence generating cavity. Figures 33-37As shown, a laser sheet optical path for particle image velocimetry (PIV) is constructed below the turbulence generation chamber, and a high-speed camera is installed on the other side to observe the optical plane. During operation, a humidifier introduces a large number of particles into the turbulence generation chamber. Particles positioned on the optical plane are reflected and captured by the high-speed camera for flow field velocity analysis. Figure 33 It shows a particle image captured by a high-speed camera at a certain instant and the flow field obtained by PIV. Figure 34 The diagram shows the average velocity streamline of the flow field at the center of the turbulence generation cavity when the power amplifier input frequency is 50 Hz and the input voltage is 0.86 V. A velocity stagnation point can be found near the center of the turbulence generation cavity, which indicates that the flow at the center of the flow field has good symmetry. Figure 35 The graph shows the percentage change in the root mean square (rms) velocity of the pulsating velocity at the center of the turbulence generation cavity when the power amplifier input frequency is 50 Hz and the input voltage is 0.86 V. It can be seen that at the center of the turbulence generation cavity, the spatial change in pulsating velocity is less than 8%, and the average velocity gradient in the 1 cm * 1 cm shooting area at the center is small, indicating good spatial uniformity. Figure 36 The ratio of the horizontal pulsating velocity rms to the vertical pulsating velocity rms at the center of the turbulence generating cavity can be observed. It can be found that the ratio is approximately 1 at the center of the turbulence generating cavity, and there is no directionality, indicating that the pulsating velocity is relatively isotropic in space. Figure 37 The image shows the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum at the center of the turbulence generating cavity. Based on Kolmogorov's assumption of local isotropic turbulence, in the inertial sub-region far from the energy-containing and dissipation regions, the turbulent fluctuations are in a locally isotropic equilibrium state, with energy proportional to the -5 / 3 power of frequency, as shown by the red line. This indicates that the center of the turbulence generating cavity has a relatively wide inertial sub-region, meeting the design requirements. The above analysis of various aspects of the flow field PIV data verifies that the device center exhibits good homogeneity and local isotropy.

[0064] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, this embodiment provides a preferred embodiment of a droplet ejection mechanism 2000. For example... Figures 23-32As shown, the droplet ejection mechanism 2000 of this embodiment includes an optical fiber coupler 222, a nozzle 203, and a first support member 200. Both the optical fiber coupler 222 and the nozzle 203 are mounted on the first support member 200. The first support member 200 has vertically arranged and intersecting optical path channels 204 and liquid path channels 205. The nozzle 203 is coaxially mounted at one end of the liquid path channel 205 and communicates with it. The other end of the liquid path channel 205 is open. The optical fiber coupler 222 is coaxially mounted at one end of the optical path channel 204 and communicates with it. The intersection of the central axis of the optical path channel 204 and the central axis of the liquid path channel 205 is the optical-liquid phase intersection point. The ejection end 209 of the nozzle 203 is located above the optical-liquid phase intersection point. The first support member 200 includes a support surface 201 and an assembly surface 202. The nozzle 203 is mounted on the support surface 201 side of the first support member 200 via a clamping assembly. The assembly surface 202 of the first support member 200 is used for assembly with the turbulent flow generator. The support surface 201 and the assembly surface 202 are arranged parallel to each other or at an acute angle.

[0065] The droplet ejection mechanism integrates both the optical and liquid channels onto the first support component. The entire first support component is easy to disassemble and assemble, and different droplet ejection mechanisms can be replaced as needed. The liquid is delivered into the turbulence generation cavity through the nozzle. The fiber optic coupler can be connected to the laser. The pulsed laser generated by the laser is transmitted to the liquid nozzle through the optical fiber. The laser is focused on the jet section close to the nozzle. The pulsed laser generates thermal excitation to modulate the surface tension of the jet at the injection end, generating droplets to facilitate subsequent turbulence experiments.

[0066] Preferred, such as Figures 25-27 As shown, the liquid channel 205 protrudes from the assembly surface 202 by a preset distance. When assembling with the turbulence generating mechanism, the liquid channel 205 can be extended into the turbulence generating cavity of the turbulence generating mechanism 1000, so that the droplets can smoothly enter the turbulence generating cavity.

[0067] like Figure 27 and Figure 29 As shown, a first mounting groove 224 is formed on the first support member 200, and the fiber optic coupler 222 is sealed and assembled in the first mounting groove 224.

[0068] Specifically, such as Figure 27As shown, the fiber optic coupler 222 in this embodiment includes a housing 217, a lens assembly 218, and a fiber optic connector 219. The housing 217 is coaxially mounted on one end of the optical path channel 204 and communicates with the optical path channel 204. The lens assembly 218 is coaxially mounted on the inner side of one end of the housing 217 and arranged close to the first support member 200. The fiber optic connector 219 is coaxially mounted on the inner side of the other end of the housing 217 and arranged at a distance from the lens assembly 218.

[0069] like Figures 25-27 , Figure 29 and Figure 31 As shown, the preferred embodiment of the clamping assembly includes a support plate 210, a positioning block 211, and a clamping block 212. The support plate 210 is detachably connected to the support surface 201 of the first support member 200. The positioning block 211 is fixed on the support plate 210. The clamping block 212 is detachably connected to the positioning block 211 by screws 208, forming a clamping channel between the clamping block 212 and the positioning block 211. The support plate 210 has a nozzle through-hole that connects the clamping channel to the liquid passage 205. The nozzle 203 is clamped and positioned within the clamping channel by the positioning block 211 and the clamping block 212, and extends through the nozzle 203 through-hole into the liquid passage 205. The portions of the support plate located on both sides of the clamping channel can be fixed to the first support member by screws. Fine adjustments such as vertical position and tilt angle can be achieved by tightening or loosening the screws.

[0070] like Figures 23-27 As shown, when the support surface 201 and the assembly surface 202 are arranged parallel to each other, the support surface 201 of the support plate 210 has a mounting slot 213. The support plate 210 is installed in the bottom 214 of the mounting slot 213 by screws 208, with both ends extending from the openings at both ends of the mounting slot 213. The bottom 214 of the mounting slot 213 is arranged parallel to the support surface 201. By setting the mounting slot, the overall structural layout is made more compact, which facilitates the assembly of components such as fiber optic couplers. When the support surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, the support plate is directly installed in the support surface by screws.

[0071] like Figure 27 As shown, when the support surface 201 and the assembly surface 202 are arranged parallel to each other, a second assembly groove is formed on the outer surface of the first support member 200. A beam terminator 215 is installed in the second assembly groove. The beam terminator 215 is coaxially arranged at the other end of the optical path channel 204 and communicates with the optical path channel 204. Figure 28As shown, when the support surface 201 and the assembly surface 202 are arranged at an acute angle, the other end of the optical path channel 204 is a blocking structure 216.

[0072] In this embodiment, when the support surface 201 and the assembly surface 202 are arranged parallel to each other, the distance between the photo-liquid phase intersection point and the assembly surface 202 along the direction of the liquid channel 205 is 'a'; when the support surface 201 and the assembly surface 202 are arranged at an acute angle, the distance between the photo-liquid phase intersection point and the assembly surface 202 along the direction of the liquid channel 205 is 'b'; wherein, a > b, and the difference between a and b is 1 mm ~ 2 mm. When the support surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, the distance between the nozzle and the turbulence generating cavity can be shortened, which will greatly reduce the probability of droplet aggregation.

[0073] In this embodiment, when the support surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, droplets of various diameters can be generated. This allows the nozzle to be as close as possible to or directly into the experimental turbulence generation cavity. The aim is to minimize the stable transition period between droplet generation and entry into the disturbed flow field, ensuring that the droplets can immediately enter the turbulent flow field region after generation. The turbulence within the turbulence generation cavity effectively disperses the droplet string and prevents collision and aggregation. By slightly tilting the nozzle and reducing the size of the fiber optic coupler, the distance between the nozzle and the turbulence generation cavity can be shortened from the original 19.1 mm to approximately 10 mm, which will greatly reduce the probability of droplet aggregation. Furthermore, apart from the tilt angle, other components of the device do not have additional effects, and the outer envelope size and mass do not exceed the corresponding size and mass of the parallel-arranged first support member.

[0074] like Figures 26-28 , Figure 30 As shown, the first support member 200 in this embodiment also has an observation channel 206. The observation channel 206 is arranged perpendicularly to the optical path channel 204 and the liquid path channel 205, respectively. The central axis of the observation channel 206 passes through the intersection of the optical and liquid paths. Dustproof structures are detachably connected to the open ends of the observation channel 206. By setting up the observation channel, it is convenient to observe the formation of internal droplets. Because the droplets have a certain initial velocity, they will not enter the observation channel and the optical path channel. Specifically, as... Figures 23-26 , Figures 28-31 As shown, the dustproof structure includes a dust plug 207 or a dust baffle 223.

[0075] like Figure 32As shown, the droplet ejection mechanism also includes a laser, an optical fiber, an injection pump 220, and a liquid storage bag 221. The injection pump 220 is connected to both the liquid storage bag 221 and the nozzle 203, injecting the working fluid from the storage bag 221 into the liquid channel 205 through the nozzle 203. The laser is connected to the optical fiber coupler 222 via an optical fiber and emits laser light into the optical channel 204. The nozzle 203 ejects the working fluid to form a liquid column, which is then dispersed by the laser at the light-liquid intersection point to form droplets. The laser can adopt a structure commonly used in space stations, mainly consisting of dual laser sources, lenses, indicator light shaping, beam splitters, couplers, and polarizers. A thermoelectric cooling unit is installed on its bottom surface to dissipate heat from the optical components. The injection pump can be a commonly used liquid injection pump in space stations.

[0076] The main function of the droplet ejection mechanism in this embodiment is to modulate the surface tension of the vertical jet generated by the injection pump through thermal excitation by a pulsed laser, thereby generating droplets with the required particle size for the experiment. Liquid is delivered to the top of the turbulence generation chamber via the injection pump and tubing, and then ejected vertically downwards as a jet from the nozzle. The pulsed laser generated by the laser is transmitted to the nozzle through an optical fiber. The laser is focused on the jet section near the nozzle, and the thermal excitation generated by the pulsed laser modulates the surface tension of the jet at the nozzle, generating droplets.

[0077] Example 4 Based on any of the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a preferred solution for a droplet recovery mechanism 3000. For example... Figures 17-22As shown, the droplet recovery mechanism 3000 of this embodiment includes a foam metal block 300, a water-absorbing filler, a thermoelectric cooling unit 305, a pressure plate frame 304, a second support member 301, and a heat-conducting assembly base plate 306. The two opposite sides of the second support member 301 are an assembly surface and a heat-conducting surface, respectively. An assembly groove 302 is formed on the assembly surface, and the foam metal block 300 is placed in the assembly groove 302. A water-absorbing gap 303 is formed between the peripheral sidewall of the foam metal block 300 and the groove wall of the assembly groove 302. The absorbent spacer 303 is filled with the absorbent filler. A pressure plate frame 304 is fixed at the opening of the assembly groove 302. The pressure plate frame 304 is annular and presses against the foam metal block 300 and the absorbent filler. A thermoelectric cooling unit 305 and a thermally conductive assembly base plate 306 are installed on the other side of the second support member 301. The cold end of the thermoelectric cooling unit 305 is attached to the thermally conductive surface of the second support member 301, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling unit 305 is attached to the thermally conductive assembly base plate 306. The thermally conductive assembly base plate 306 is made of copper to dissipate heat from the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling unit 305. When the thermally conductive assembly base plate 306 is assembled in the cabinet, it needs to be attached to the liquid cooling plate 602 on the cabinet assembly plate 600 for heat dissipation. Specifically, the bottom of the housing 601 has an assembly hole, through which the heat-conducting assembly base plate 306 can be passed and bonded to the liquid cooling plate 602 by thermally conductive adhesive.

[0078] The droplet recovery mechanism can be used on the turbulence generation cavity of a space station, serving as a wall within the cavity to recover droplets used for turbulence experiments. This invention combines a foamed metal block, absorbent filler, and a thermoelectric cooling unit. The temperature setting of the thermoelectric cooling unit can be lower than the dew point temperature of the humid air within the turbulence generation cavity. Water vapor condenses on the surface of the foamed metal block, and the condensed liquid water enters and is stored in the pores of the foamed metal block under surface tension. Due to the small outer surface area of ​​the foamed metal block, the liquid stored within evaporates slowly, similar to a sponge retaining moisture for a long time, thus enabling the collection of droplets within the turbulence generation cavity through condensation. The absorbent filler enhances the water storage and retention capacity of the entire droplet recovery mechanism.

[0079] A preferred embodiment of this solution is as follows: Figures 17-22 As shown, the assembly groove 302 is a rectangular groove, and the foam metal block 300 is a rectangular block. A hydrophilic coating can be applied to the surface of the foam metal to promote the condensation of water vapor on the surface and improve the corrosion resistance of the foam metal. A water-absorbing material needs to be added around the foam metal block to improve its water absorption and storage capacity; a non-metallic material should be used.

[0080] In this embodiment, the foam metal block can be made of porous aluminum foam or porous copper foam. Because the droplet recovery mechanism has high requirements for the thermal interface temperature, the thermally conductive mounting plate of the base plate uses copper with a high thermal conductivity. The main function of the droplet recovery mechanism is to collect the tiny liquid particles after the experiment by condensation, ensuring that the environment inside the turbulence generation chamber meets the test conditions for the next experiment. The working principle involves lowering the temperature of the metal foam through a thermoelectric cooling unit (TEC), then allowing tiny water droplets to condense on its surface. The metal foam itself has tiny pores, and the droplets are stored in the metal foam through capillary action.

[0081] like Figures 17-22 As shown, in this embodiment, the second support member 301 has a first heat insulation frame 307 on its mounting surface. The first heat insulation frame 307 is located outside the groove of the mounting groove 302 and is adapted to the shape of the groove. The pressure plate frame 304 is located on the inner ring side of the first heat insulation frame 307. By setting the first heat insulation frame, a heat-insulating connection between the entire droplet recovery mechanism and the turbulence generation cavity can be achieved.

[0082] like Figures 17-22 As shown, a second heat insulation frame 308 is provided between the heat-conducting assembly base plate 306 and the second support member 301. The heat-conducting surface of the second support member 301 is heat-insulatedly connected to the heat-conducting assembly base plate 306 through the second heat insulation frame 308. The second heat insulation frame 308 has multiple through holes 309, and multiple thermoelectric cooling units 305 are provided, with each thermoelectric cooling unit 305 passing through one through hole 309 respectively. Preferably, the side of the heat-conducting assembly base plate 306 near the second support member 301 is provided with multiple limiting protrusions 318 for correspondingly supporting and abutting the thermoelectric cooling units 305.

[0083] Specifically, in this embodiment, four thermoelectric cooling units 305 can be provided, and four through holes 309 are opened on the second heat insulation frame 308.

[0084] like Figures 17-22 As shown, the droplet recovery mechanism for inertial particle dynamics in a space station wiring cabinet according to this embodiment further includes a heat insulation strip 310. The heat insulation strip 310 is fixed to the heat-conducting surface of the second support member 301 and located on the periphery of the second heat insulation frame 308. The function of the heat insulation strip 310 is to insulate the second support member 301 from the inner surface of the bottom of the housing 601 when the droplet recovery mechanism is assembled with the housing 601 inside the wiring cabinet, that is, to insulate the inner surface around the mounting holes on the housing 601.

[0085] Preferably, a first heat-conducting layer is provided between the foam metal block 300 and the bottom of the assembly groove 302, a second heat-conducting layer is provided between the cold end of the thermoelectric cooling unit 305 and the heat-conducting surface of the second support member 301, and a third heat-conducting layer is provided between the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling unit 305 and the heat-conducting assembly base plate 306.

[0086] Furthermore, the outer surface of the peripheral wall of the second support member 301 is covered with a layer of thermal insulation cotton to reduce convective heat loss with the surrounding environment, which is conducive to droplet condensation and recycling.

[0087] The droplet recovery mechanism in this embodiment adopts the TEC active temperature control method. The hot and cold surfaces of the TEC are heated by a thermally conductive mounting base plate (copper plate) with a high thermal conductivity. This copper plate can provide support strength and conduct heat. Thermal grease can be applied to the hot and cold surfaces of the TEC, or it can be in contact with other surfaces through thermal pads to reduce thermal resistance. The TEC adopts a method of four parallel working at the same time, which can improve the heat uniformity of the bowl-shaped second support structure.

[0088] like Figure 20 and Figure 22 As shown, multiple supporting blocks 311 are fixed inside the assembly groove 302. Multiple connecting lugs 312 and multiple pressing lugs 313 extend from the outer periphery of the pressure plate frame 304. The connecting lugs 312 are fixed one-to-one with the supporting blocks 311, and the pressing lugs 313 are respectively pressed onto the corresponding absorbent fillers. The pressure plate frame can simultaneously press and position the absorbent fillers and the foam metal blocks.

[0089] like Figure 28 As shown, a threaded sleeve 314 is vertically fixed at the center of the bottom of the assembly groove 302. The threaded sleeve 314 passes through the bottom of the assembly groove 302, the foam metal block 300, and the heat-conducting assembly base plate 306. A first screw 315 and a second screw 316 are threaded to both ends of the threaded sleeve 314, respectively. A limiting pressure plate 317 is provided between the first screw 315 and the foam metal block 300. The second screw 316 is used to limit the heat-conducting assembly base plate 306. By setting the threaded sleeve, the foam metal block can be positioned, and the second support member can be assembled and fixed on the heat-conducting assembly base plate.

[0090] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a first heat-conducting layer is provided between the foam metal block and the bottom of the assembly groove, a second heat-conducting layer is provided between the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit and the heat-conducting surface of the second support member, and a third heat-conducting layer is provided between the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit and the heat-conducting assembly base plate; the outer surface of the peripheral sidewall of the second support member is covered with a layer of heat-insulating cotton; the assembly groove is a rectangular groove, and the foam metal block is a rectangular block.

[0091] The droplet recovery mechanism of this embodiment can collect droplets after each turbulence test. Since very few droplets are used in each turbulence test, the droplet recovery mechanism can recover droplets from multiple turbulence tests.

[0092] The droplet recovery mechanism in this embodiment primarily collects droplets within the turbulence generation chamber through condensation. The bottom surface of the turbulence generation chamber is a foamed metal block with a thermoelectric cooling unit attached. Its temperature is set below the dew point temperature of the humid air within the turbulence generation chamber (approximately 10°C), causing water vapor to condense on the surface of the foamed metal block. The condensed liquid water then enters the pores within the foamed metal block under surface tension and is stored there (because the outer surface area of ​​the foamed metal block is small, the stored liquid water evaporates slowly; this principle is similar to how a sponge can remain moist for a long time after absorbing water). To improve the module's water storage and retention capacity, polyvinyl alcohol absorbent sponges are filled around the foamed copper. Simultaneously, the diaphragm can be appropriately activated to increase the turbulence intensity within the turbulence generation chamber, facilitating droplet evaporation.

[0093] The droplet recovery mechanism of this embodiment can be used on the turbulence generation cavity of a space station, serving as a wall of the cavity to recover droplets used for turbulence experiments. This embodiment combines a foamed metal block, absorbent filler, and a thermoelectric cooling unit. The temperature setting of the thermoelectric cooling unit can be lower than the dew point temperature of the humid air inside the turbulence generation cavity. Water vapor condenses on the surface of the foamed metal block, and the condensed liquid water enters and is stored in the pores of the foamed metal block under surface tension. Due to the small outer surface area of ​​the foamed metal block, the liquid stored within evaporates slowly, similar to a sponge remaining moist for a long time, thus enabling the collection of droplets inside the turbulence generation cavity through condensation. The absorbent filler improves the water storage and retention capacity of the entire droplet recovery mechanism.

[0094] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for conducting inertial particle dynamics experiments on a space station via a line cabinet. It employs a space station line cabinet inertial particle dynamics experimental system as described in any of the above embodiments, and includes the following steps: a turbulence generating mechanism 1000 receives instructions from an electronics module 500 to generate turbulence within the turbulence generating cavity; a droplet ejection mechanism 2000 receives instructions from the electronics module 500 to eject droplets into the turbulence generating cavity before each set of experiments begins; a droplet recovery mechanism 3000 receives instructions from the electronics module 500 to condense and collect the droplets after each set of experiments; and a particle tracking module receives instructions from the electronics module 500 to capture images of the droplet motion within the turbulence generating cavity and transmits the video images back to the electronics module 500.

[0095] The experimental method in this embodiment can realize the study of the dynamic characteristics of inertial particles in turbulent flow fields. It can obtain the quantitative relationship between particle collision frequency and particle properties and turbulent field characteristic parameters according to experimental needs, providing a basis for engineering design. It can also provide particle collision models according to actual experimental needs, improving the ability of engineering simulation software to handle flow containing particles.

[0096] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0097] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0098] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0099] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0100] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0101] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system for a linear array, characterized in that, The device includes a housing and a turbulence generating mechanism, a droplet recovery mechanism, a droplet injection mechanism, a particle tracking module, and an electronics module installed within the housing. The turbulence generating mechanism is installed on the bottom wall of the housing and has a visible turbulence generating cavity. The droplet injection mechanism is installed on the top of the turbulence generating mechanism and is used to inject droplets into the turbulence generating cavity. The droplet recovery mechanism is installed on the bottom of the turbulence generating mechanism and is used to recover droplets in the turbulence generating cavity. The particle tracking module is installed on the outside of the transparent plate group of the turbulence generating mechanism and is used to capture the movement of droplets in the turbulence generating cavity. The electronics module is electrically connected to the particle tracking module and transmits the video image application data of the particle tracking module.

2. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turbulence generating mechanism also includes a loudspeaker. The turbulence generating cavity includes a mounting frame, a fixing plate, and a mounting plate. The mounting frame includes multiple square mounting surfaces and multiple equilateral triangular mounting surfaces, each of which is hollow. Each of the four sides of each square mounting surface is connected to an equilateral triangular mounting surface. The multiple square mounting surfaces are arranged opposite each other in pairs. The multiple equilateral triangular mounting surfaces are arranged opposite each other in pairs. A mounting plate is fixed on each of the equilateral triangular mounting surfaces. The droplet recovery mechanism is fixed on one of the square mounting surfaces. A fixing plate is fixed on the other square mounting surfaces. A mounting hole is opened at the center of the mounting plate. A loudspeaker is fixed at the mounting hole of each mounting plate. Two loudspeakers arranged opposite each other are coaxially arranged. A square mounting surface on which the droplet recovery mechanism is fixed is called the droplet recovery surface. Among the two square mounting surfaces that are perpendicular to and opposite to the droplet recovery surface, the fixing plate on one square mounting surface is the first transparent plate, and the fixing plate on the other square mounting surface is the second transparent plate. The particle tracking module is located outside the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate. A droplet spraying mechanism is installed at the center of the outer side of the fixing plate directly opposite the droplet recovery mechanism.

3. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting frame includes six square mounting surfaces and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces. All six square mounting surfaces and eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces are hollow structures. The side length of the square mounting surfaces is equal to the side length of the equilateral triangular mounting surfaces. The plane center normals of the six square mounting surfaces and the plane center normals of the eight equilateral triangular mounting surfaces all point to the center of the turbulence generating cavity.

4. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first transparent plate is a glossy transparent plate that can be self-heated, and the second transparent plate is a matte transparent plate.

5. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing contains a power amplifier, which is electrically connected to the electronics module and the speaker. The speaker includes a diaphragm and a flow guide tube. The diaphragm is fixed around one side of the mounting hole and located outside the turbulence generating cavity. The flow guide tube is fixed around the other side of the mounting hole and located inside the turbulence generating cavity. The vibration output end of the diaphragm is arranged facing the mounting hole and the flow guide tube.

6. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide tube has a funnel-shaped structure, with the large end of the guide tube being open and the small end being closed. Multiple first guide holes are provided on the side wall of the guide tube, and a second guide hole is provided on the end face of the small end of the guide tube. The second guide hole is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole.

7. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The droplet ejection mechanism includes an optical fiber coupler, a nozzle, and a first support member. The first support member is fixed to the turbulence generating mechanism. Both the optical fiber coupler and the nozzle are mounted on the first support member. The first support member has vertically arranged and intersecting optical and liquid channels. The nozzle is coaxially mounted on one end of the liquid channel and communicates with the liquid channel. The other end of the liquid channel is an open structure and extends into the turbulence generating cavity. The optical fiber coupler is coaxially mounted on one end of the optical channel and communicates with the optical channel. The intersection of the central axis of the optical channel and the central axis of the liquid channel is the optical-liquid phase intersection point. The ejection end of the nozzle is located above the optical-liquid phase intersection point. The first support member includes a support surface and an assembly surface. The nozzle is mounted on the support surface side of the first support member via a clamping assembly. The assembly surface of the first support member is used for assembly with the turbulence generating mechanism. The support surface and the assembly surface are arranged parallel to each other or at an acute angle.

8. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The clamping assembly includes a support plate, a positioning block, and a clamping block. The support plate is detachably connected to the support surface of the first support member. The positioning block is fixed on the support plate. The clamping block and the positioning block are detachably connected by screws. A clamping channel is formed between the clamping block and the positioning block. A nozzle through hole is provided on the support plate to connect the clamping channel with the liquid channel. The nozzle is clamped and positioned in the clamping channel by the positioning block and the clamping block and extends into the liquid channel through the nozzle through hole.

9. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the supporting surface and the assembly surface are arranged parallel to each other, an installation through groove is provided on the supporting surface of the supporting plate. The supporting plate is installed at the bottom of the installation through groove by screws and both ends extend from the openings at both ends of the installation through groove. The bottom of the installation through groove is arranged parallel to the supporting surface. When the support surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, the support plate is directly mounted on the support surface by screws.

10. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 8, characterized in that, A first mounting groove is formed on the first support member, and the optical fiber coupler is sealed and assembled in the first mounting groove; When the supporting surface and the mounting surface are arranged parallel to each other, a second mounting groove is formed on the outer surface of the first supporting member, and a beam terminator is installed in the second mounting groove. The beam terminator is coaxially arranged at the other end of the optical path channel and communicates with the optical path channel. When the supporting surface and the mounting surface are arranged at an acute angle, the other end of the optical path channel is a blocking structure.

11. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the supporting surface and the assembly surface are arranged parallel to each other, the distance between the optical-liquid phase intersection point and the assembly surface along the liquid channel direction is a; when the supporting surface and the assembly surface are arranged at an acute angle, the distance between the optical-liquid phase intersection point and the assembly surface along the liquid channel direction is b; wherein, a > b, and the difference between a and b is 1 mm ~ 2 mm.

12. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first support member is also provided with an observation channel, which is arranged perpendicularly to the optical path channel and the liquid path channel respectively. The central axis of the observation channel passes through the intersection of the optical and liquid phases, and the two ends of the observation channel are respectively detachably connected with dustproof structures.

13. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The droplet ejection mechanism also includes a laser, an optical fiber, an injection pump, and a liquid storage bag. The injection pump is connected to the liquid storage bag and the nozzle respectively and injects the working fluid in the liquid storage bag into the liquid channel through the nozzle. The laser is connected to the optical fiber coupler through the optical fiber and emits laser light into the optical channel. The nozzle ejects the working fluid to form a liquid column and is dispersed by the laser at the intersection of light and liquid to form droplets.

14. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The droplet recovery mechanism includes a foam metal block, a water-absorbing filler, a thermoelectric cooling unit, a pressure plate frame, a first support member, and a heat-conducting assembly base plate. The two opposite sides of the first support member are an assembly surface and a heat-conducting surface, respectively. The assembly surface is mounted on the bottom of the turbulence generating mechanism. An assembly groove is formed on the assembly surface, and the assembly surface around the groove opening is thermally insulated and fixedly connected to the square mounting surface. The foam metal block is placed inside the assembly groove, and the water-absorbing filler is filled between the peripheral wall of the foam metal block and the groove wall. A pressure plate frame is fixed at the groove opening, and the pressure plate frame is annular and presses against the foam metal block and the water-absorbing filler. A thermoelectric cooling unit and a heat-conducting assembly base plate are mounted on the other side of the first support member. The cold end of the thermoelectric cooling unit is attached to the heat-conducting surface of the first support member, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooling unit is attached to the heat-conducting assembly base plate.

15. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The first support member has a first heat insulation frame on its assembly surface. The first heat insulation frame is located outside the groove of the assembly slot and is adapted to the shape of the groove. The pressure plate frame is located on the inner ring side of the first heat insulation frame. A second heat insulation frame is provided between the heat-conducting assembly base plate and the first support member. The heat-conducting surface of the first support member is heat-insulatedly connected to the heat-conducting assembly base plate through the second heat insulation frame. The second heat insulation frame has multiple through holes. Multiple thermoelectric cooling units are provided, and the multiple thermoelectric cooling units pass through the multiple through holes one by one. A heat-insulating strip is provided on the heat-conducting surface of the first support member, and the heat-insulating strip is located on the periphery of the second heat-insulating frame.

16. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 14, characterized in that, Multiple support blocks are fixed inside the assembly slot. Multiple connecting ear plates and multiple pressing ear plates are formed on the outer periphery of the pressure plate frame. The multiple connecting ear plates are fixed on the multiple support blocks one by one, and the multiple pressing ear plates are pressed onto the corresponding absorbent filler.

17. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 14, characterized in that, A threaded sleeve is vertically fixed at the center of the bottom of the assembly groove. The threaded sleeve passes through the bottom of the assembly groove, the foam metal block, and the heat-conducting assembly base plate. A first screw and a second screw are threaded to both ends of the threaded sleeve, respectively. A limiting pressure plate is provided between the first screw and the foam metal block, and the second screw is used to limit the heat-conducting assembly base plate.

18. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 14, characterized in that, A first heat-conducting layer is provided between the foam metal block and the bottom of the assembly groove; a second heat-conducting layer is provided between the cold end of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit and the heat-conducting surface of the first support member; and a third heat-conducting layer is provided between the hot end of the thermoelectric refrigeration unit and the heat-conducting assembly base plate. The outer surface of the peripheral sidewall of the first support member is covered with a layer of thermal insulation cotton; the assembly groove is a rectangular groove, and the foam metal block is a rectangular block.

19. The space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The particle tracking module includes a camera and a light source. The camera is arranged outside the first transparent plate, and the light source is located outside the second transparent plate. The central axis of the camera and the central axis of the light source both pass through the center of the turbulence generating cavity.

20. A method for conducting inertial particle dynamics experiments on a space station's linear array, characterized in that... The experiment is implemented using a space station inertial particle dynamics experimental system as described in any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising the following steps: a turbulence generating mechanism receives instructions from the electronics module to generate turbulence within the turbulence generating cavity; a droplet ejection mechanism receives instructions from the electronics module to eject droplets into the turbulence generating cavity before the start of each set of experiments; a droplet recovery mechanism receives instructions from the electronics module to condense and collect the droplets after the end of each set of experiments; and a particle tracking module receives instructions from the electronics module to capture images of the droplet motion within the turbulence generating cavity and transmits the video images back to the electronics module.

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