A simulated test structure and method for a manufactured sand component

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of simulation test, in particular to a simulation test structure and method for a machine-made sand component, wherein the simulation test structure for the machine-made sand component comprises a fixing table used for mounting a machine-made sand test piece; a friction piece is slidably arranged on the fixing table and is in contact with the machine-made sand test piece; a plurality of erosion holes are formed in the friction piece and face the machine-made sand test piece; a pneumatic driving assembly is linked with a reciprocating transmission mechanism and a sand supply assembly; the driving speed of the pneumatic driving assembly is positively correlated with the reciprocating motion frequency of the friction piece, the sand particle amount output by the sand supply assembly and the air flow in the air outlet; the technical problem that the existing machine-made sand concrete component test device cannot realize automatic synchronous linkage of the reciprocating friction frequency and the sand supply amount according to the wind speed change and is difficult to truly simulate the synergistic enhancement effect of friction, erosion and sand content in the wind sand environment is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of simulation testing technology, and specifically to a simulation testing structure and method for manufactured sand components. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction and maintenance of desert highways, Gobi railways, and open-pit mines, manufactured sand concrete blocks are often used as core supporting components for roadbeds, track beds, or equipment foundations. These concrete blocks are directly exposed to strong wind and sand environments, and their service life is threatened by the coupled effect of "wind-sand flow reciprocating friction." Taking desert highways as an example, instantaneous wind speeds in spring can reach 20-30 m / s. Strong winds whip up a large number of sand particles that impact and scrape the surface of the concrete blocks at high speeds. Simultaneously, the frequency of reciprocating friction between vehicle tires and the concrete blocks is positively correlated with vehicle speed; that is, the faster the vehicle speed, the more times the tires contact the concrete blocks per unit time, and the more intense the friction. More importantly, there is a significant synchronous positive correlation between wind speed and sand concentration (the mass of sand particles per unit volume of air) in natural wind-sand environments: for every 5 m / s increase in wind speed, the sand concentration can increase several times to an order of magnitude. This means that under real-world conditions, when vehicles travel at high speeds (corresponding to high reciprocating friction frequencies), the concrete blocks not only experience faster friction but also face higher concentrations of sand particle impact and abrasion, both of which synergistically exacerbate material wear. However, existing concrete block friction and wear testing devices generally adopt an open-loop design with "independent speed control and constant sand supply". For example, common reciprocating wear testing machines rely on a motor to independently drive the friction head to reciprocate, while the sand supply is preset to a fixed flow rate by another independent air source and solenoid valve. This separate control results in no correlation between friction frequency and sand supply: when the test needs to simulate high-speed driving conditions, the operator can only manually increase the friction frequency, but the sand supply remains at the previous constant value and cannot be increased synchronously. This makes the abrasive concentration in the high-speed zone much lower than in the real wind and sand environment, and the degree of wear is seriously underestimated. Conversely, a constant high sand supply under low-speed conditions causes excessive accumulation of sand particles, forming atypical scratches and accumulation wear on the surface of the concrete block, which undermines the authenticity of the test data. Moreover, field testing in desert areas often requires simulating the continuous dynamic process of variable wind speed (i.e., variable friction frequency), but existing equipment can only perform discrete point tests and cannot realize the mechanical positive correlation of "the greater the wind speed, the faster the reciprocating friction frequency, and the more sand content applied to the concrete block". This makes it difficult for laboratory accelerated wear tests to predict the remaining life of concrete blocks in wind and sand service environments.

[0003] Therefore, in view of this, the inventors propose a simulation test structure and method for manufactured sand components to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this invention is to provide a simulation test structure for manufactured sand components, which solves the technical problem that existing manufactured sand concrete component testing devices cannot achieve automatic synchronous linkage between reciprocating friction frequency and sand supply according to wind speed changes, making it difficult to truly simulate the synergistic enhancement effect of friction, erosion and sand content in a windy and sandy environment; the second objective is to propose a method.

[0005] On the one hand, in order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A simulation test structure for manufactured sand components includes a fixed platform for mounting manufactured sand specimens; A friction element is slidably disposed on the fixed platform and in contact with the manufactured sand specimen. The friction element has multiple erosion holes facing the manufactured sand specimen. A pneumatic drive assembly, which has an air inlet, an air outlet, and a power output section driven by high-pressure gas; A reciprocating transmission mechanism, which is connected to the power output unit and the friction element, is used to convert the rotational motion of the power output unit into the linear reciprocating motion of the friction element; It also includes a sand supply assembly for storing sand particles, wherein the sand outlet end of the sand supply assembly is connected to the air outlet, and the sand supply assembly is configured such that the greater the gas flow rate through the air outlet, the greater the amount of sand particles output by the sand supply assembly. The air outlet is connected to each of the erosion holes so as to spray the airflow mixed with sand particles onto the manufactured sand specimen through the erosion holes; The pneumatic drive assembly is configured in conjunction with the reciprocating transmission mechanism and the sand supply assembly. The driving speed of the pneumatic drive assembly is positively correlated with the reciprocating motion frequency of the friction element, the amount of sand output by the sand supply assembly, and the air flow rate in the air outlet.

[0006] Furthermore, the pneumatic drive assembly includes an outer shell, a first turbine, a second turbine, a flow guide shell, and a third turbine. The first turbine and the second turbine are rotatably disposed within the outer shell. The flow guide shell is connected to the outer shell. The third turbine is rotatably disposed within the flow guide shell. The first turbine, the second turbine, and the third turbine are coaxially and fixedly connected. The air inlet is located at one end of the outer casing, and the air outlet is located at one end of the flow guide casing; The power output unit includes a drive shaft disposed within the flow guide housing. The drive shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the third turbine. The free end of the drive shaft extends out of the flow guide housing and is connected to the reciprocating transmission mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the reciprocating transmission mechanism includes a rotating component and a sliding component, the sliding component being connected to the rotating component, and the sliding component and the rotating component being mounted on the fixed platform.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotating component includes a first fixed plate, on which a first turntable and a second turntable are rotatably connected. The first turntable is coaxially fixedly connected to the drive shaft. A pin is eccentrically arranged between the first turntable and the second turntable, and a push-pull rod is hinged on the pin. The sliding component includes a second fixed plate, a first sliding plate, and a second sliding plate. The first fixed plate and the second fixed plate are fixedly mounted on the fixed platform. The first sliding plate is slidably mounted on the second fixed plate. The push-pull rod is hinged to the first sliding plate. The second sliding plate is fixedly connected to the first sliding plate. The first sliding plate is connected to a connecting plate, and the connecting plate is connected to the friction component.

[0009] Furthermore, the sand supply assembly includes a support base and a sand distributing component, the sand distributing component being fixedly mounted on the support base, and the support base being fixedly mounted on the fixed platform; The sand separating component includes a sand separating cylinder, a sand separating shaft, and several sand separating plates. The sand separating shaft is rotatably installed inside the sand separating cylinder. Each of the sand separating plates is evenly distributed on the sand separating shaft and fixedly connected to the sand separating shaft. The sand separating plates fit into the inner cavity of the sand separating cylinder. A sand inlet hopper is provided at the top of the sand separating cylinder, and a sand outlet hopper is provided at the bottom of the sand separating cylinder. The sand separating shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the second turntable.

[0010] Furthermore, a three-way pipe is provided at the bottom of the sand discharge hopper, and the three-way pipe is provided with an air inlet, a sand inlet, and a mixing outlet; The air outlet is connected to a first pipe, which is connected to the air inlet. The sand inlet is connected to the sand outlet. The mixing outlet is connected to a second pipe, which is connected to the friction element.

[0011] Furthermore, the friction element includes a friction seat and a friction block, the friction block being detachably mounted on the friction seat, and the friction seat being fixedly connected to the connecting plate; The friction seat body has an erosion cavity, each of the erosion holes is connected to the erosion cavity, and the second pipe is connected to the erosion cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the system also includes a testing system comprising a spoke-type pressure sensor, a laser displacement sensor, a diffused silicon pressure sensor, a solid particle flow meter, an infrared temperature sensor, a multi-channel data acquisition instrument, and an industrial computer. The spoke-type pressure sensor is installed between the friction component and the connecting plate. The laser displacement sensor is installed on a fixed platform. The diffused silicon pressure sensor is installed on the outer wall of the confining pressure chamber of the confining pressure assembly. The solid particle flow meter is installed between the sand outlet hopper and the tee pipe of the sand supply assembly. The infrared temperature sensor is fixed to the surface of the manufactured sand specimen by a bracket. The multi-channel data acquisition instrument is connected to the industrial computer.

[0013] On the other hand, this application also proposes a simulation testing method for manufactured sand components, comprising using the aforementioned simulation testing structure for manufactured sand components, characterized by including the following steps: S1: Install the manufactured sand specimen, friction block and sensor, and connect the air circuit; S2: Turn on the high-pressure air source. The pneumatic drive component drives the reciprocating transmission mechanism to drive the friction parts to perform linear reciprocating friction. At the same time, the airflow from the air outlet carries the sand particles output by the sand supply component and sprays them onto the surface of the specimen through the erosion hole. When the air source flow rate is increased, the friction frequency, sand spraying volume and airflow speed increase simultaneously. S3: The test system collects data in real time; S4: After testing, weigh the wear amount and analyze the surface morphology, and build a model based on the collected data.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This device links the pneumatic drive assembly, reciprocating transmission mechanism, and sand supply assembly, making the high-pressure gas drive speed positively correlated with the reciprocating frequency of the friction components, the amount of sand output by the sand supply assembly, and the air flow rate in the outlet. Simultaneously, the airflow mixed with sand particles is sprayed onto the manufactured sand specimen through erosion holes on the friction components. This achieves a mechanical positive correlation at the physical level, where higher wind speeds, faster friction frequencies, and higher sand particle erosion intensity. It realistically reproduces the collaborative service condition in which high-speed airflow carrying sand particles simultaneously produces erosion wear and reciprocating friction damage on the surface of concrete components in a windy and sandy environment. This solves the technical problem that conventional reciprocating friction and wear testing machines can only provide constant normal loads and single friction wear, and cannot simulate the dynamic coupling effect of sand particle erosion and friction.

[0015] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from practice of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained through the detailed embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention in one direction; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from another direction; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the sand supply component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic drive assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the pneumatic drive assembly of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the reciprocating transmission mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the confining pressure assembly in this invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the friction component of the present invention.

[0017] The components include: a fixed platform 1, a manufactured sand specimen 2, a friction component 3, a friction seat 31, a friction block 32, an erosion chamber 33, an erosion hole 34, a pneumatic drive assembly 4, an outer shell 41, an air inlet 411, an air outlet 412, a first turbine 42, a second turbine 43, a guide shell 44, a third turbine 45, a drive shaft 46, a first pipe 47, a second pipe 48, a reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, a rotating component 51, a first fixed plate 511, a first turntable 512, a second turntable 513, a pin 514, a push-pull rod 515, a sliding component 52, a second fixed plate 521, a first sliding plate 522, a second sliding plate 523, and a connecting rod. Connecting plate 524, adjusting component 53, adjusting cylinder 531, adjusting plate 532, adjusting cavity 533, elastic component 534, actuating component 54, actuating cylinder 541, actuating plate 542, actuating cavity 543, push rod 544, first chamber 545, second chamber 546, first air outlet pipe 547, second air outlet pipe 548, first hole 549, second hole 5491, sand supply assembly 6, support base 61, sand separating component 62, sand separating cylinder 621, sand separating shaft 622, sand separating plate 623, sand inlet hopper 624, sand outlet hopper 625, tee pipe 626, confining pressure assembly 7, confining pressure box 71, confining pressure cavity 72, confining pressure plate 73. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0020] This embodiment proposes a simulation test structure for manufactured sand components, such as... Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the device includes a pneumatic drive assembly 4, a reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, and a fixed platform 1 for mounting the manufactured sand specimen 2. A friction element 3 is slidably mounted on the fixed platform 1, with its bottom in contact with the manufactured sand specimen 2. The bottom of the friction element 3 has multiple erosion holes 34 facing the manufactured sand specimen 2. The pneumatic drive assembly 4 has an air inlet 411, an air outlet 412, and a power output unit driven by high-pressure gas. The reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 is connected to the power output unit and the friction element 3, and is used to convert the rotational motion of the power output unit into the linear reciprocating motion of the friction element 3. It also includes a storage mechanism. The sand supply component 6 has a sand outlet end connected to the air outlet 412. The sand supply component 6 is configured such that the greater the gas flow rate through the air outlet 412, the more sand particles the sand supply component 6 outputs. The air outlet 412 is connected to each erosion hole 34 to spray the airflow mixed with sand particles through the erosion holes 34 onto the manufactured sand specimen 2. The pneumatic drive component 4 is linked with the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 and the sand supply component 6. The driving speed of the pneumatic drive component 4 is positively correlated with the reciprocating motion frequency of the friction element 3, the amount of sand particles output by the sand supply component 6, and the air flow rate in the air outlet 412.

[0021] In this embodiment, after the high-pressure gas enters the pneumatic drive assembly 4 through the air inlet 411, it drives the power output unit to rotate. The rotational motion is converted into linear reciprocating motion of the friction element 3 on the fixed platform 1 through the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, so that the friction element 3 reciprocates against the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2. At the same time, the gas flows out from the air outlet 412. Since the sand outlet end of the sand supply assembly 6 is connected to the air outlet 412, and the sand supply assembly 6 is configured such that the greater the gas flow rate through the air outlet 412, the greater the amount of sand particles output, the gas flowing out from the air outlet 412 will carry the sand supply assembly. The sand particles output by component 6 form an airflow mixed with sand particles. This airflow connects with the air outlet 412 and is then sprayed onto the manufactured sand specimen 2 through multiple erosion holes 34, achieving sand particle erosion. During this process, the pneumatic drive component 4, the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, and the sand supply component 6 are linked: when the gas flow rate entering the air inlet 411 increases, the driving speed of the pneumatic drive component 4 increases synchronously, the reciprocating frequency of the friction component 3 accelerates, and the air flow rate in the air outlet 412 also increases accordingly, thereby automatically increasing the amount of sand particles output by the sand supply component 6; and vice versa. Thus, the reciprocating frequency of the friction component 3, the amount of sand particles sprayed onto the specimen, and the airflow speed always maintain a positive correlation, simulating the working conditions in a sandstorm environment where the higher the wind speed, the higher the sand and dust concentration, and the enhanced synergistic effect of friction and erosion.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the pneumatic drive assembly 4 includes an outer shell 41, a first turbine 42, a second turbine 43, a flow guide shell 44, and a third turbine 45. The first turbine 42 and the second turbine 43 are rotatably disposed within the outer shell 41. The flow guide shell 44 is connected to the outer shell 41. The third turbine 45 is rotatably disposed within the flow guide shell 44. The first turbine 42, the second turbine 43, and the third turbine 45 are coaxially and fixedly connected. The air inlet 411 is located at one end of the outer shell 41, and the air outlet 412 is located at one end of the flow guide shell 44. The power output part includes a drive shaft 46 disposed within the flow guide shell 44. The drive shaft 46 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the third turbine 45. The free end of the drive shaft 46 extends out of the flow guide shell 44 and is connected to the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5.

[0023] High-pressure gas enters the outer casing 41 through the inlet 411, and sequentially impacts and rotates the first turbine 42 and the second turbine 43 located inside the outer casing 41, driving the first turbine 42 and the second turbine 43 to start rotating. The airflow then enters the guide shell 44, which is connected to the outer casing 41, and continues to impact and rotate the third turbine 45 located inside the guide shell 44. The third turbine 45 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the first turbine 42 and the second turbine 43, so the three rotate synchronously. The drive shaft 46 located inside the guide shell 44 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the third turbine 45. The free end of the drive shaft 46 extends out of the guide shell 44 and is connected to the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, thereby outputting rotational power to the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5. After completing the work, the gas is finally discharged from the outlet 412 at one end of the guide shell 44.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 includes a rotating component 51 and a sliding component 52. The sliding component 52 is connected to the rotating component 51, and both the sliding component 52 and the rotating component 51 are mounted on the fixed platform 1. The rotating component 51 includes a first fixed plate 511, and the outer shell 41 is fixedly mounted on the first fixed plate 511. A first turntable 512 and a second turntable 513 are rotatably connected to the first fixed plate 511. The first turntable 512 is coaxially fixedly connected to the drive shaft 46, and a pin 5 is eccentrically arranged between the first turntable 512 and the second turntable 513. 14. A push-pull rod 515 is hinged to the pin 514; the sliding member 52 includes a second fixed plate 521, a first sliding plate 522 and a second sliding plate 523. The first fixed plate 511 and the second fixed plate 521 are fixedly installed on the fixed platform 1. The first sliding plate 522 is slidably installed on the second fixed plate 521. The push-pull rod 515 is hinged to the first sliding plate 522. The second sliding plate 523 is fixedly connected to the first sliding plate 522. A connecting plate 524 is connected to the first sliding plate 522. The connecting plate 524 is connected to the friction member 3.

[0025] In this embodiment, when the drive shaft 46 rotates, it drives the first turntable 512 and the second turntable 513, which are coaxially fixed to it, to rotate together. Simultaneously, the pin 514 itself also rotates around the central axis of the first turntable 512. A push-pull rod 515 is hinged to the pin 514, and the other end of the push-pull rod 515 is hinged to the first sliding plate 522. The first sliding plate 522 is slidably mounted on the second fixed plate 521, and both the second fixed plate 521 and the first fixed plate 511 are firmly fixed to the fixed platform 1, ensuring the stability of the entire transmission mechanism. When the pin 514 rotates with the first turntable 512, the push-pull rod 515 is continuously pulled and pushed, forcing the first sliding plate 522 to slide back and forth in a straight line on the second fixed plate 521. The first sliding plate 522 and the second sliding plate 523 are fixedly connected, forming an integral sliding frame. Therefore, the second sliding plate 523 will perform linear reciprocating motion at the same frequency as the first sliding plate 522. The first sliding plate 522 is connected to the friction element 3 via the connecting plate 524, thereby directly transmitting the reciprocating motion to the friction element 3. The friction element 3 is slidably mounted on the fixed platform 1. Driven by the connecting plate 524, the friction element 3 performs continuous linear reciprocating frictional motion relative to the manufactured sand specimen 2 on the fixed platform 1. In this way, the continuous rotational motion of the drive shaft 46 is completely converted into the reciprocating linear motion of the friction element 3, realizing the function of repeatedly rubbing the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the sand supply assembly 6 includes a support base 61 and a sand distribution component 62. The sand distribution component 62 is fixedly mounted on the support base 61, and the support base 61 is fixedly mounted on the fixed platform 1. The sand distribution component 62 includes a sand distribution cylinder 621, a sand distribution shaft 622, and a plurality of sand distribution plates 623. The sand distribution shaft 622 is rotatably mounted inside the sand distribution cylinder 621. Each sand distribution plate 623 is evenly distributed on the sand distribution shaft 622 and fixedly connected to the sand distribution shaft 622. The sand distribution plates 623 fit into the inner cavity of the sand distribution cylinder 621. A sand inlet hopper 624 is provided at the top of the sand distribution cylinder 621, and a sand outlet hopper 625 is provided at the bottom of the sand distribution cylinder 621. The sand distribution shaft 622 is coaxially fixedly connected to the second turntable 513.

[0027] In this embodiment, the outer edge of the sand separating plate 623 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the sand separating cylinder 621, ensuring that sand particles can only be conveyed downward through the gaps between the sand separating plates 623. During operation, the sand particles stored in the sand inlet hopper 624 fall into the sand separating cylinder 621 under the action of gravity and fill the gaps between adjacent sand separating plates 623. As the sand separating shaft 622 rotates, the sand particles in these gaps are carried to the bottom of the sand separating cylinder 621. When the gap rotates to the top of the sand outlet hopper 625, the sand particles fall into the sand outlet hopper 625 by gravity, completing one conveying cycle. The rotation speed of the sand separating shaft 622 directly determines how many gaps pass through the sand outlet hopper 625 per unit time. That is, the faster the rotation, the higher the frequency of sand particle conveying and the more sand particles are output. Since the sand-distributing shaft 622 is linked to the drive shaft 46 of the pneumatic drive assembly 4 through the second turntable 513, when the air intake flow increases and the speed of the drive shaft 46 increases, the speed of the sand-distributing shaft 622 also increases synchronously, thereby automatically increasing the sand output and realizing the mechanical positive correlation between the sand supply and the airflow.

[0028] Furthermore, a three-way pipe 626 is provided at the bottom of the sand discharge hopper 625. The three-way pipe 626 is provided with an air inlet, a sand inlet, and a mixing outlet. The air outlet 412 of the pneumatic drive component 4 is connected to a first pipe 47. The first pipe 47 is connected to the air inlet on the three-way pipe 626. The sand inlet is connected to the sand discharge hopper 625. The mixing outlet is connected to a second pipe 48. The second pipe 48 is connected to the friction component 3.

[0029] In this embodiment, the air outlet 412 of the pneumatic drive component 4 is connected to a first pipe 47, the other end of which is connected to an air inlet, introducing high-speed airflow into the three-way pipe 626. The bottom of the sand outlet hopper 625 is directly connected to the sand inlet, allowing sand particles falling from the sand separator 62 to smoothly enter the three-way pipe 626. When the high-speed airflow enters the three-way pipe 626 from the air inlet, a local negative pressure is formed near the sand inlet, rapidly drawing in the sand particles falling from the sand outlet hopper 625 and mixing them thoroughly with the airflow to form a uniform sand-laden airflow. The mixed sand-laden airflow then flows out from the mixing outlet, which is connected to a second pipe 48, the other end of which is connected to the friction component 3, delivering the sand-laden airflow into the friction component 3. Finally, it is ejected at high speed through multiple erosion holes 34 facing the manufactured sand specimen 2, eroding the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2 with sand particles.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the friction element 3 includes a friction seat 31 and a friction block 32. The friction block 32 is detachably mounted on the friction seat 31 by bolt connection. The upper surface of the friction seat 31 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 524. An erosion cavity 33 is formed inside the friction seat 31, and each erosion hole 34 communicates with the erosion cavity 33. The second pipe 48 communicates with the erosion cavity 33. When the connecting plate 524 drives the friction seat 31 to perform linear reciprocating motion, the friction block 32 slides back and forth on the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2, realizing repeated friction on the top surface of the specimen. An erosion cavity 33 is formed inside the friction seat 31, and multiple erosion holes 34 facing the manufactured sand specimen 2 are formed on the friction block 32 and the friction seat 31. These erosion holes 34 are all in communication with the erosion cavity 33. One end of the second pipe 48 is connected to the mixing outlet of the tee pipe 626, and the other end is connected to the erosion chamber 33, continuously supplying a high-speed airflow mixed with sand particles into the erosion chamber 33. After entering the erosion chamber 33, the sand-laden airflow is distributed to each erosion hole 34 under pressure and ejected at high speed from the erosion holes 34, directly impacting the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2 being rubbed by the friction block 32. In this way, the mechanical wear of the specimen surface by the friction block 32 and the erosion wear of the high-speed sand-laden airflow occur simultaneously and are superimposed, realistically simulating the complex working condition of sand particle impact and reciprocating friction acting on concrete components in a sandy environment. The detachable friction block 32 design also facilitates the study of the influence of different friction pair materials on the durability of the components.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a confining pressure assembly 7 mounted on a fixed platform 1. The manufactured sand specimen 2 is disposed within the confining pressure assembly 7, with the top of the manufactured sand specimen 2 extending beyond the upper end face of the confining pressure assembly 7. The friction element 3 is disposed above the manufactured sand specimen 2. The reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 also includes an adjusting element 53 and an actuating element 54. The bottom of the adjusting element 53 is connected to the friction element 3, and the actuating element 54 is connected to both the adjusting element 53 and the confining pressure assembly 7. When the pneumatic drive assembly 4 drives the friction element 3 to reciprocate through the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, the actuating element 54 applies a force to the adjusting element 53 and the confining pressure assembly 7, thereby causing the adjusting element 53 to drive the friction element 3 to move downward and increase the vertical pressure on the top surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2. At the same time, the confining pressure assembly 7 increases the lateral confining pressure on the manufactured sand specimen 2.

[0032] In this embodiment, after the high-pressure gas enters the pneumatic drive assembly 4 through the air inlet 411, it drives the power output unit to rotate. The rotational motion is converted into linear reciprocating motion of the friction element 3 on the fixed platform 1 through the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, so that the friction element 3 reciprocates against the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2. The reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 also integrates an actuator 54 and an adjusting component 53. The actuator 54 is mechanically connected to the moving parts of the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5. When the friction element 3 reciprocates, the actuator 54 is simultaneously driven to generate mechanical thrust. This force is simultaneously transmitted to the adjusting component 53 and the confining pressure assembly 7. On the one hand, the adjusting component 53 receives the force from the actuator 54, pushing the adjusting plate 532 inside the adjusting component 53 to move downward. The adjusting plate 532 is fixedly connected to the friction element 3 through the connecting plate 524, thereby causing the friction element 3 to move downward slightly as a whole, increasing the vertical pressure on the top surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2. On the other hand, the confining pressure assembly 7 is fixedly installed on the fixed platform 1. The manufactured sand specimen 2 is placed inside the confining pressure assembly 7 and its top extends out of the upper end face of the confining pressure assembly 7. Another part of the force generated by the actuator 54 is transmitted to the confining pressure cavity 72 of the confining pressure assembly 7, pushing the confining pressure plate 73 to move inward, squeezing the side of the manufactured sand specimen 2, thereby increasing the lateral confining pressure. Since the output strength of the actuator 54 is positively correlated with the speed of the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, and the speed of the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 is positively correlated with the driving speed of the pneumatic drive assembly 4 and the reciprocating frequency of the friction element 3, when the driving speed of the pneumatic drive assembly 4 increases, the reciprocating frequency of the friction element 3 increases, and the force exerted by the actuator 54 on the adjusting component 53 and the confining pressure assembly 7 also increases synchronously, so that the vertical pressure and lateral confining pressure are automatically enhanced; and vice versa. In this way, a mechanical positive correlation is achieved between the reciprocating friction frequency, vertical pressure and lateral confining pressure, simulating the complex service conditions in a sandy environment where the faster the vehicle speed, the greater the dynamic impact force on the top surface of the concrete component and the stronger the constraint of the side by the surrounding medium.

[0033] It should be noted that in the field of civil engineering and transportation infrastructure in windy and sandy areas, the top surface of manufactured sand concrete components directly bears the reciprocating rolling and vertical dynamic loads generated by vehicle traffic, while the sides and bottom surfaces are surrounded by aeolian sand, gravel, and other media, forming natural lateral confining pressure constraints. When the vehicle speed increases or the number of rolling cycles per unit time increases, the dynamic vertical impact force generated by the wheel load on the concrete block increases accordingly due to factors such as uneven road surface and vehicle vibration. The increase in the vertical force at the top will force the concrete block to sink slightly. During the sinking process, the component squeezes the surrounding loose gravel media, causing the lateral confining pressure to increase adaptively with the increase in sinking. This chain coupling mechanism, in which the faster the rolling frequency, the greater the vertical impact force, the more significant the sinking, and the higher the confining pressure, has been widely confirmed by soil mechanics and foundation engineering. However, existing testing equipment is completely unable to simulate this multi-parameter coupling process. Conventional reciprocating friction and wear testing machines can only provide a constant normal load and cannot apply vertical loads that vary with frequency, nor do they have the function of lateral confining pressure loading. Although traditional triaxial testing equipment can independently apply confining pressure and vertical pressure, it is controlled by two independent servo systems, which cannot realize the physical coupling process of increasing vertical pressure, actual sinking of the specimen, and passive generation of confining pressure by the surrounding medium. This results in serious distortion between the test results and the actual service behavior. This application employs a mechanical linkage design between the actuator 54, the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5, the adjusting component 53, and the confining pressure assembly 7. This design enables the reciprocating frequency of the friction component 3 to automatically increase as the driving speed of the pneumatic drive assembly 4 increases. Simultaneously, the actuator 54 applies an increased force to the adjusting component 53 and the confining pressure assembly 7, thereby automatically enhancing the vertical pressure and lateral confining pressure as the friction frequency increases. This replicates the chain-like positive correlation coupling mechanism in a sandy environment where higher vehicle speed leads to greater dynamic impact on the top surface of the component and higher lateral confining pressure. This design requires no electronic sensors or independent servo control, resulting in a simple and reliable structure.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the actuator 54 includes an actuator cylinder 541 and an actuator plate 542. The actuator cylinder 541 is fixedly mounted on the fixed platform 1, and an actuator cavity 543 is formed inside the actuator cylinder 541. The actuator plate 542 is slidably connected to the actuator cylinder 541. A push rod 544 is fixedly mounted on the second sliding plate 523. The push rod 544 extends into the actuator cylinder 541 and is fixedly connected to the actuator plate 542. The actuator plate 542 divides the actuator cavity 543 into a first chamber 545 and a second chamber 546. A first vent pipe 547 is connected to the actuator cylinder 541. The second vent pipe 548 is connected to the first vent pipe 547 and the first chamber 545. The second vent pipe 548 is connected to the second chamber 546. The actuating cylinder 541 has a first hole 549 and a second hole 5491. The first hole 549 is connected to the first chamber 545 and the second hole 5491 is connected to the second chamber 546. A first one-way valve is provided at the first hole 549, a second one-way valve is provided in the first vent pipe 547, a third one-way valve is provided at the second hole 5491, and a fourth one-way valve is provided in the second vent pipe 548.

[0035] In this embodiment, when the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 drives the second sliding plate 523 to perform linear reciprocating motion, the push rod 544, which is fixedly installed on the second sliding plate 523, moves synchronously. The push rod 544 extends into the actuating cylinder 541 and is fixedly connected to the actuating plate 542. Therefore, the actuating plate 542 also reciprocates within the actuating cylinder 541. The actuating plate 542 seals and divides the actuating cavity 543 into a first chamber 545 and a second chamber 546. The reciprocating motion of the push rod 544 alternately changes the volume of the first chamber 545 and the second chamber 546. Taking the push rod 544 pushing the actuating plate 542 to the left as an example, at this time, the first chamber 545 is compressed and the second chamber 546 is expanded. The gas pressure in the first chamber 545 increases. Since the first one-way valve is set at the first hole 549, it only allows gas to enter the first chamber 545 and does not allow it to flow out. Therefore, the high-pressure gas cannot be discharged from the first hole 549. It can only be pressed towards the regulating member 53 through the first outlet pipe 547 and the second one-way valve, pushing the regulating plate 532 inside the regulating member 53 to move down, increasing the vertical pressure of the friction member 3 on the top surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2. At the same time, the second chamber 546 is expanded, the internal pressure decreases, the third one-way valve opens, and the external gas is drawn into the second chamber 546 through the second hole 5491. The fourth one-way valve prevents the gas from flowing back from the second outlet pipe 548. When push rod 544 is pushed back in the opposite direction, the second chamber 546 is compressed and the first chamber 545 is expanded. The high-pressure gas in the second chamber 546 is forced towards the confining pressure assembly 7 through the second exhaust pipe 548 and the fourth one-way valve, pushing the confining pressure plate 73 to increase the lateral confining pressure on the manufactured sand specimen 2. When the first chamber 545 expands, the first one-way valve opens to draw in external gas, preparing for the next compression. The faster the reciprocating motion of push rod 544, the more times the two chambers are compressed and vented per unit time, and the greater the gas flow and pressure output to the regulating component 53 and the confining pressure assembly 7, respectively. This causes the vertical pressure and lateral confining pressure to increase synchronously with the increase in the reciprocating motion frequency of the friction component 3. Without any electronic sensors or independent servo control system, it can reproduce the chain coupling mechanism of higher reciprocating friction frequency, greater dynamic vertical impact force of tires on the road surface, slight subsidence of concrete components squeezing the surrounding sand and gravel medium, and increased lateral confining pressure in a sandy environment. Existing testing devices either only provide constant normal loads or use two independent systems to control vertical pressure and confining pressure separately, which cannot simulate the physical process of simultaneous enhancement of the three. In contrast, this embodiment uses an actuator 54 to simultaneously drive vertical pressure and lateral confining pressure, and the driving force comes directly from the frictional motion itself, so that the wear conditions simulated in the laboratory are highly consistent with the field service behavior, thus improving the accuracy of durability prediction of manufactured sand components.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting member 53 includes an adjusting cylinder 531, which is mounted on the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5. An adjusting cavity 533 is formed inside the adjusting cylinder 531. An adjusting plate 532 is slidably connected inside the adjusting cavity 533. A connecting plate 524 is installed at the bottom of the adjusting plate 532 and is connected to the friction member 3. A first air outlet pipe 547 communicates with the adjusting cavity 533. An elastic member 534 is provided inside the adjusting cavity 533 and has a tendency to drive the adjusting plate 532 to move downward.

[0037] In this embodiment, the adjusting member 53 includes an adjusting cylinder 531, which is fixedly installed on the first sliding plate 522 or a corresponding moving part of the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5 and moves together with the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5. A sealed adjusting cavity 533 is formed inside the adjusting cylinder 531, and an adjusting plate 532 is slidably connected inside the adjusting cavity 533. The bottom of the adjusting plate 532 is connected to the connecting plate 524, which extends downward and is fixedly connected to the friction member 3. One end of the first air outlet pipe 547 is connected to the first chamber 545 of the actuator 54, and the other end is directly connected to the adjusting cavity 533, continuously sending the high-pressure gas generated by the actuator 54 when compressing the first chamber 545 into the adjusting cavity 533. An elastic member 534, such as a compression spring, is also provided inside the adjusting cavity 533. The elastic member 534 applies a downward thrust to the adjusting plate 532, causing the adjusting plate 532 to tend to drive the connecting plate 524 and the friction member 3 to move downward. When the high-pressure gas from the first vent pipe 547 enters the regulating chamber 533, the gas pressure acts on the upper surface of the regulating plate 532, and together with the elastic element 534, pushes the regulating plate 532 further downward. The greater the gas pressure, the greater the downward movement of the regulating plate 532, and the greater the vertical pressure transmitted to the friction element 3 through the connecting plate 524. Since the gas pressure output from the first vent pipe 547 is positively correlated with the reciprocating frequency of the actuator 54, and the frequency of the actuator 54 is synchronized with the driving speed of the pneumatic drive assembly 4 and the reciprocating friction frequency of the friction element 3, when the friction frequency increases, the gas pressure entering the regulating chamber 533 increases accordingly, and the vertical pressure automatically increases; when the friction frequency decreases, the gas pressure decreases, and although the elastic element 534 still provides basic pressure, the additional dynamic pressure is reduced accordingly, and the vertical pressure also drops. This achieves the effect of mechanical linkage between the vertical pressure and the reciprocating friction frequency, simulating the test of stronger dynamic impact force on the top surface of the concrete component.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the confining pressure assembly 7 includes a confining pressure box 71 fixedly mounted on a fixed platform 1. A pressure relief valve is provided on the adjusting cylinder 531 and the confining pressure box 71. When the simulation test ends, the pressure relief valve is opened to release pressure and vent air. The manufactured sand specimen 2 is detachably installed inside the confining pressure box 71, with the top of the specimen extending out of the box 71. At least one confining pressure chamber 72 is provided inside the confining pressure box 71, and a confining pressure plate 73 is slidably connected to each chamber. The confining pressure chamber 72 is connected to the second vent pipe 548. In this embodiment, there are four confining pressure chambers 72, which are interconnected. Four confining pressure plates 73 are correspondingly slidably installed inside the chambers 72, and are distributed around the perimeter of the manufactured sand specimen 2. The top of the manufactured sand specimen 2 extends upwards beyond the upper surface of the confining pressure box 71, allowing the friction element 3 to directly contact the top surface of the specimen 2 for reciprocating friction. As the reciprocating friction frequency increases, the compression frequency of the second chamber 546 of the actuator 54 increases synchronously. High-pressure gas is continuously injected into the four interconnected confining pressure chambers 72 through the second exhaust pipe 548 and the fourth one-way valve, pushing each confining pressure plate 73 to move inward and uniformly squeezing the sides of the machine sand specimen 2 from all sides, thereby applying lateral confining pressure. This achieves a mechanical positive correlation between the lateral confining pressure and the reciprocating friction frequency, and its physical logic is consistent with the actual service behavior, improving the authenticity and predictive reliability of the simulation test.

[0039] It also includes a testing system, which comprises a spoke-type pressure sensor, a laser displacement sensor, a diffused silicon pressure sensor, a gas mass flow meter, a pressure sensor, a solid particle flow meter, a miniature static pressure sensor, an infrared temperature sensor, a multi-channel data acquisition system, and an industrial computer. The spoke-type pressure sensor is installed between the friction component 3 and the connecting plate 524. Two laser displacement sensors are respectively installed on the fixed platform 1 and located at both ends of the movement trajectory of the friction component 3. The diffused silicon pressure sensor is installed on the outer wall of the confining cavity 72 of the confining pressure assembly 7. The gas mass flow meter and the two pressure sensors are respectively installed at the air inlet 411 and air outlet 412 of the pneumatic drive assembly 4. The solid particle flow meter is installed between the sand outlet hopper of the sand supply assembly and the three-way pipe 626. The miniature static pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the erosion cavity 33 of the friction component 3. The infrared temperature sensor is fixed near the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2 by a bracket. The signal lines of all sensors are connected to the multi-channel data acquisition system, which is connected to the industrial computer.

[0040] On the other hand, this application also proposes a simulation testing method for manufactured sand components, comprising using the aforementioned simulation testing structure for manufactured sand components, characterized by including the following steps: S1: Preparation and Installation Steps. First, fix the manufactured sand specimen 2 to be tested inside the confining pressure assembly 7 on the fixed platform 1, ensuring that the top of the manufactured sand specimen 2 extends beyond the upper surface of the confining pressure box 71. According to the test requirements, select a friction block 32 with appropriate material and roughness, and detachably install it at the bottom of the friction seat 31 with bolts, ensuring that the lower surface of the friction block 32 is in contact with the top surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2. Fill the sand inlet hopper of the sand supply assembly with sufficient dry standard sand, ensuring that the sand particles can fall freely into the gap between the sand separating plates in the sand separating cylinder. Check all pneumatic pipeline connections: connect the high-pressure air source outlet to the air inlet 411 of the pneumatic drive assembly 4 through a high-pressure hose, connect the air outlet 412 to the air inlet of the three-way pipe 626 through the first pipe 47, connect the bottom of the sand outlet hopper to the sand inlet of the three-way pipe 626, and then connect the mixing outlet of the three-way pipe 626 to the erosion chamber 33 inside the friction piece 3 through the second pipe 48. Meanwhile, all sensors in the multi-parameter synchronous acquisition test system are installed in their predetermined positions, and all signal lines are connected to the multi-channel data acquisition instrument. The industrial computer and host computer software are started to complete channel calibration and zero-point adjustment to ensure accurate and reliable subsequent data acquisition.

[0041] S2: Linkage Simulation Test Procedure. Turn on the high-pressure gas source, allowing high-pressure gas to enter the pneumatic drive assembly 4 from the inlet 411 at a set initial flow rate. The gas sequentially impacts the first turbine 42 and the second turbine 43 within the outer casing 41, driving them to rotate. It then enters the guide casing 44 and impacts the third turbine 45. All three rotate coaxially and synchronously, driving the drive shaft 46 to output rotational motion. The drive shaft 46 converts the rotational motion into linear reciprocating motion of the friction element 3 via the reciprocating transmission mechanism 5: the first turntable 512 drives the eccentric pin 514 to rotate, the push-pull rod 515 pulls the first sliding plate 522 to slide reciprocally on the second fixed plate 521, and the second sliding plate 523, through the connecting plate 524, drives the friction element 3 to perform reciprocating friction on the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2. Meanwhile, the high-speed gas flowing out from the outlet 412 enters the three-way pipe 626 through the first pipe 47, forming a negative pressure at the sand inlet, which draws in the sand particles output by the sand supply component and mixes them into a sand-laden airflow. This airflow enters the erosion chamber 33 through the second pipe 48, and is finally sprayed at high speed from multiple erosion holes 34 at the bottom of the friction block 32 onto the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2 being rubbed. When it is necessary to simulate different wind speed conditions, the supply flow rate of the high-pressure air source is gradually increased. At this time, the driving speed of the pneumatic drive component 4 increases synchronously, the reciprocating motion frequency of the friction component 3 accelerates, and the air flow rate at the outlet 412 increases. The sand supply component automatically outputs more sand particles due to the increased speed of the sand distribution shaft. Thus, during the test, a positive correlation mechanical linkage is achieved between the higher the friction frequency, the faster the sand-laden airflow speed, and the greater the amount of sand sprayed per unit time, replicating the physical law that wind speed and sand concentration increase synchronously in a natural sandstorm environment.

[0042] S3: Multi-parameter synchronous acquisition step. During the continuous simulation test, the multi-parameter synchronous acquisition test system is activated for real-time monitoring. The spoke-type pressure sensor continuously acquires the real-time vertical pressure of the friction component 3 on the top surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2; two laser displacement sensors record the reciprocating frequency and stroke of the friction component 3; the diffused silicon pressure sensor measures the real-time confining pressure value of the confining pressure component 7 on the side of the specimen; the gas mass flow meter and two pressure sensors acquire the instantaneous gas flow rate and pressure at the inlet 411 and outlet 412 respectively; the solid particle flow meter monitors the mass of sand particles falling from the sand outlet hopper into the three-way pipe 626 per unit time; the miniature static pressure sensor measures the airflow pressure near the erosion hole 34 in the erosion chamber 33; the infrared temperature sensor monitors the temperature rise change of the surface of the manufactured sand specimen 2 under the coupling effect of friction and erosion in a non-contact manner. The analog or digital signals of all sensors are synchronously sampled by the multi-channel data acquisition instrument, and the data is transmitted to the industrial computer in real time. The host computer software dynamically displays the changing trend of each parameter in the form of curves and values, and automatically saves the raw data to the hard disk for subsequent analysis.

[0043] S4: Data Analysis and Evaluation Steps. After the simulation test reaches the set time or number of reciprocating friction cycles, shut off the high-pressure air source, stop the test, and open the pressure relief valve. Take out the manufactured sand specimen 2, weigh it before and after the test using a precision electronic balance, and calculate the material wear amount; use a three-dimensional surface profilometer to scan the surface morphology of the friction area of ​​the specimen to obtain microscopic parameters such as wear depth and roughness changes. Export the historical data of each sensor stored in the industrial computer and plot the synchronous curves of air outlet 412 flow rate, friction frequency, sand supply, vertical pressure, lateral confining pressure, and specimen surface temperature changes over time. By comparing the test results under different air inlet flow conditions, establish a wear life prediction model for manufactured sand components under the multi-field coupling of friction-erosion-pressure-confining pressure. This method, because it realizes a fully mechanical positive correlation, avoids the distortion problem of independent control of friction frequency and sand supply in traditional devices, and can provide a real and reliable test basis for the durability design of manufactured sand concrete components in windy and sandy environments such as desert highways and Gobi railways. This invention has high application value.

[0044] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation test structure for manufactured sand components, characterized in that, include: Fixed platform (1) for mounting manufactured sand specimens (2); The friction element (3) is slidably disposed on the fixed platform (1), and the friction element (3) is in contact with the manufactured sand specimen (2). The friction element (3) has a plurality of erosion holes (34) facing the manufactured sand specimen (2). The pneumatic drive assembly (4) has an air inlet (411), an air outlet (412), and a power output unit driven by high-pressure gas; A reciprocating transmission mechanism (5) is connected to the power output part and the friction element (3) and is used to convert the rotational motion of the power output part into the linear reciprocating motion of the friction element (3). It also includes a sand supply assembly (6) for storing sand particles, the sand outlet end of the sand supply assembly (6) being connected to the air outlet (412), and the sand supply assembly (6) being configured such that the greater the gas flow rate through the air outlet (412), the more sand particles the sand supply assembly (6) outputs. The air outlet (412) is connected to each of the erosion holes (34) so ​​as to spray the airflow mixed with sand particles through the erosion holes (34) onto the manufactured sand specimen (2). The pneumatic drive assembly (4) is configured in conjunction with the reciprocating transmission mechanism (5) and the sand supply assembly (6). The driving speed of the pneumatic drive assembly (4) is positively correlated with the reciprocating motion frequency of the friction element (3), the amount of sand output by the sand supply assembly (6), and the air flow rate in the air outlet (412).

2. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic drive assembly (4) includes an outer shell (41), a first turbine (42), a second turbine (43), a flow guide shell (44), and a third turbine (45). The first turbine (42) and the second turbine (43) are rotatably disposed within the outer shell (41). The flow guide shell (44) is connected to the outer shell (41). The third turbine (45) is rotatably disposed within the flow guide shell (44). The first turbine (42), the second turbine (43), and the third turbine (45) are coaxially fixedly connected. The air inlet (411) is located at one end of the outer shell (41), and the air outlet (412) is located at one end of the flow guide shell (44); The power output unit includes a drive shaft (46) disposed in the flow guide housing (44), the drive shaft (46) being coaxially and fixedly connected to the third turbine (45), and the free end of the drive shaft (46) extending out of the flow guide housing (44) and connected to the reciprocating transmission mechanism (5).

3. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reciprocating transmission mechanism (5) includes a rotating component (51) and a sliding component (52), the sliding component (52) being connected to the rotating component (51), and the sliding component (52) and the rotating component (51) being mounted on the fixed platform (1).

4. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating component (51) includes a first fixed plate (511), on which a first turntable (512) and a second turntable (513) are rotatably connected. The first turntable (512) is coaxially fixedly connected to the drive shaft (46). A pin (514) is eccentrically arranged between the first turntable (512) and the second turntable (513), and a push-pull rod (515) is hinged on the pin (514). The sliding member (52) includes a second fixed plate (521), a first sliding plate (522) and a second sliding plate (523). The first fixed plate (511) and the second fixed plate (521) are fixedly installed on the fixed platform (1). The first sliding plate (522) is slidably installed on the second fixed plate (521). The push-pull rod (515) is hinged to the first sliding plate (522). The second sliding plate (523) is fixedly connected to the first sliding plate (522). The first sliding plate (522) is connected to a connecting plate (524). The connecting plate (524) is connected to the friction member (3).

5. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sand supply assembly (6) includes a support base (61) and a sand distribution component (62). The sand distribution component (62) is fixedly mounted on the support base (61), and the support base (61) is fixedly mounted on the fixed platform (1).

6. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sand separating component (62) includes a sand separating cylinder (621), a sand separating shaft (622), and a plurality of sand separating plates (623). The sand separating shaft (622) is rotatably installed inside the sand separating cylinder (621). Each of the sand separating plates (623) is evenly distributed on the sand separating shaft (622) and fixedly connected to the sand separating shaft (622). The sand separating plates (623) are in contact with the inner cavity of the sand separating cylinder (621). A sand inlet hopper (624) is provided at the top of the sand separating cylinder (621), and a sand outlet hopper (625) is provided at the bottom of the sand separating cylinder (621). The sand separating shaft (622) is coaxially fixedly connected to the second turntable (513).

7. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the sand discharge hopper (625) is provided with a three-way pipe (626), and the three-way pipe (626) is provided with an air inlet, a sand inlet and a mixing outlet; The air outlet (412) is connected to a first pipe (47), the first pipe (47) is connected to the air inlet, the sand inlet is connected to the sand outlet (625), and the mixing outlet is connected to a second pipe (48), the second pipe (48) is connected to the friction element (3).

8. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 7, characterized in that: The friction component (3) includes a friction seat (31) and a friction block (32). The friction block (32) is detachably mounted on the friction seat (31). The friction seat (31) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (524). The friction seat (31) has an erosion cavity (33) inside, and each of the erosion holes (34) is connected to the erosion cavity (33). The second pipe (48) is connected to the erosion cavity (33).

9. The simulation test structure for manufactured sand components according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a test system, which includes a spoke-type pressure sensor, a laser displacement sensor, a diffused silicon pressure sensor, a solid particle flow meter, an infrared temperature sensor, a multi-channel data acquisition instrument, and an industrial computer; the spoke-type pressure sensor is installed between the friction component (3) and the connecting plate (524); the laser displacement sensor is installed on the fixed platform (1); the solid particle flow meter is installed between the sand outlet hopper of the sand supply assembly and the three-way pipe (626); the infrared temperature sensor is fixed to the surface of the manufactured sand specimen (2) by a bracket; and the multi-channel data acquisition instrument is connected to the industrial computer.

10. A method for simulating the testing of manufactured sand components, comprising employing the simulation testing structure for manufactured sand components as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S1: Install the manufactured sand specimen (2), friction block (32) and test system, and connect the air circuit; S2: Turn on the high-pressure air source, the pneumatic drive component (4) drives the reciprocating transmission mechanism (5) to drive the friction component (3) to perform linear reciprocating friction, and at the same time the air outlet (412) carries the sand particles output by the sand supply component and sprays them onto the surface of the specimen through the erosion hole (34). When the air source flow rate is increased, the friction frequency, sand spraying amount and airflow speed are increased simultaneously. S3: The test system collects data in real time; S4: After testing, weigh the wear amount and analyze the surface morphology, and build a model based on the collected data.

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