A three-gear loading speed ratio quick installation shao shi hardness tester calibrating device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of three-gear loading speed ratio quick installation's shao's hardness tester verification device, belongs to metrological verification technical field.Device includes rack, clamping mechanism and loading mechanism.Clamping mechanism adopts action lever linkage and normally closed jaw design, and push open jaw by handle driving action lever, and after loosening, it is automatically clamped by extension spring drive, jaw section adapts cylindrical and planar hardness gauge bottom, and it is realized to fast general installation.Loading mechanism includes bearing table, screw assembly, worm gear assembly and at least two levels planetary gear set, and the multiple planetary carrier of planetary gear set is connected different input shaft respectively, and three-gear adjustable loading speed ratio is formed, and fast gear is used for invalid stroke, and slow gear is used for detecting point nearby trace feed.Worm gear assembly passes power to screw assembly, and drives lifting platform and force sensor lifting.The application has the advantages of clamping fast and reliable, strong compatibility, adjustable loading speed ratio, continuous and stable loading process and convenient operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metrological verification technology, specifically to a verification device for Shore hardness testers, and more particularly to a Shore hardness tester verification device with three adjustable loading speed ratios and a quick clamping function, suitable for verifying the test force of various types of Shore hardness testers such as Type A, Type D, and Type AO. Background Technology

[0002] The Shore hardness tester (also known as a rubber hardness tester) is a commonly used measuring instrument for testing the hardness of soft materials such as rubber, leather, and sponge. To ensure its measurement accuracy, it needs to be calibrated periodically using a higher-grade standard instrument—a Shore hardness tester calibration device. Currently, mainstream calibration or verification devices in China (such as the FY-08, SYZ-1, and PTTC-AD models) have revealed the following technical problems during long-term use: Firstly, the clamping mechanism has defects. Existing clamping mechanisms generally suffer from unstable clamping and easy loosening, especially during loading. The Shore hardness tester and force sensor are prone to relative displacement in the horizontal direction, leading to deviation of the two axes or changes in the included angle, increasing the test force error. In severe cases, friction occurs between the hardness tester indenter and the indenter foot (outer shell), further amplifying the error and ultimately exceeding the requirements of the verification procedure. Furthermore, the outer shell shape and size of Shore hardness testers from different manufacturers vary, making it difficult for existing clamping mechanisms to be compatible and adaptable, resulting in cumbersome installation and operation, and affecting verification efficiency.

[0003] Secondly, the transmission ratio of the loading mechanism is not set reasonably. Shore hardness tester calibration requires measurements at multiple test force calibration points. Near these calibration points, a very slow loading rate is needed for accurate readings, while rapid loading is desired during the ineffective stroke before the indenter contacts to improve efficiency. The existing loading mechanism cannot meet both of these different needs—the handwheel for the rapid loading setting is usually located facing away from the operator or between the two columns, making operation inconvenient; the speed ratio for the slow loading setting is too small, resulting in a fast loading rate that is difficult to read; uneven gear meshing leads to discontinuous and unstable loading; furthermore, the clearance between the lead screw and nut can cause brief periods of unloading during loading, meaning the loading is not continuous for the force sensor, introducing measurement errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a Shore hardness tester calibration device with a three-speed loading ratio for rapid installation. The device aims to achieve: rapid and stable compatibility of the clamping mechanism with hardness testers of different shapes; a balance between rapid feed during the ineffective stroke of the loading mechanism and micro-feed near the measurement point; continuous, uniform, and stable loading process; and optimized human-machine interface.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation includes a frame, on which a clamping mechanism and a loading mechanism are provided; The main body of the clamping mechanism is a jaw, which is used to clamp the Shore hardness tester being tested. The loading mechanism includes a lifting platform and a lead screw assembly, wherein the lifting platform has a force sensor; wherein the lead screw assembly is mounted on the frame, the lifting platform is connected to the lead screw assembly, and the lifting platform moves closer to or further away from the Shore hardness tester being tested through the lead screw assembly.

[0006] Furthermore, the frame includes a top plate and a bottom plate that are parallel to each other; the top plate is located above the bottom plate, and the two are connected by support columns of an edge array; the clamping structure is mounted on the top plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes a first clamping jaw, a second clamping jaw, and two pairs of actuating levers, wherein the two pairs of actuating levers correspond to the first clamping jaw and the second clamping jaw, respectively. A supporting side plate is suspended on the lower surface of the top plate; the two actuating rods are respectively hinged to the supporting side plate by corresponding pins; The top end of the actuating lever contacts the corresponding gripper, and the bottom end serves as the driving end; when the driving ends of the two pairs of actuating levers come together, the first gripper and the second gripper move away from each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower surface of the top plate has two supporting side plates, and the two supporting side plates are opposite to each other; wherein, the first gripper and the second gripper are both located between the two supporting side plates and constrained to the slide rod of the supporting side plate; The first and second grippers have the freedom to move on the slide bar supporting the side plate, and a tension spring is provided between them.

[0009] Furthermore, each support side plate has two vertical supports at the top to form a U-shaped plate structure, and the left and right sides of the first and second grippers have slots to form an H-shaped structure. The first and second grippers rest on the two support side plates, with each gripper having a vertical support on one side of each of the two support side plates. The vertical support is located at the slot of the corresponding gripper and is fixedly connected to the top plate by screws. The two sliding rods pass through the openings of the vertical supports on the two support side plates.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a cable tray; the two grippers are respectively provided with bridge holes and drive holes; The cable tray is located between two supporting side plates, and its top is fixed to the lower surface of the top plate through the bridge hole. The cable tray and the two supporting side plates are respectively connected to the bottom cable tray in an H-shaped structure. The actuating lever has four levers, with each jaw corresponding to two levers. The top of the lever is located in the drive hole of the jaw, and the levers and drive holes correspond one-to-one. The two levers under the same jaw are connected by the clamping lever stretcher and the handle to form an integrated structure. Two actuating rods are hinged to the same support side plate by the pin, and incomplete gears that mesh with each other are provided on adjacent sides to ensure that the two pairs of actuating rods and the corresponding grippers move synchronously and symmetrically.

[0011] Furthermore, the loading mechanism also includes a worm gear assembly; The worm gear is mounted on the lead screw of the lead screw assembly and is fixedly connected to the lead screw; the top and bottom ends of the lead screw are connected to the top plate and the bottom plate through bearings; the nut of the lead screw assembly is fixedly connected to the lifting platform and is used to drive the lifting platform lead screw to move up and down. The worm is located on one side of the worm wheel and meshes with the worm wheel to input power.

[0012] Furthermore, the loading mechanism also includes a planetary speed regulating component; The planetary speed regulating assembly includes a housing and at least two stages of planetary gear sets disposed within the housing, wherein the planetary gear sets include a sun gear, a planet carrier, and multiple planet gears; The inner wall of the housing has an internal gear ring that matches the planetary gear set. The sun gear is located at the center of the corresponding internal gear ring. Multiple planet gears are located between the sun gear and the internal gear ring and mesh with the sun gear and the internal gear ring. The planet carrier is located outside the corresponding sun gear. Its inner side has planet gear pins that correspond one-to-one with the planet gears. The planet gears are fitted onto the corresponding planet gear pins. The planet carrier is fixedly connected to the sun gear of its adjacent outer planetary gear set. The innermost sun gear is used to connect to the worm gear for output; each input shaft is connected to the center of the corresponding planet carrier. Multiple input shafts are located on the outside of the planetary speed control assembly, and the central axes of the multiple input shafts coincide; among them, the worm gear is installed in the input shaft connected to the innermost planetary carrier, and the input shaft connected to the innermost planetary carrier is installed in the input shaft connected to the outermost planetary carrier.

[0013] Furthermore, from the inside to the outside, the thickness of the planetary teeth in the planetary gear set gradually increases, ensuring that the load strength of each gear in the planetary gear set is more uniform. The loading mechanism comprises two lead screw assemblies, planetary speed regulating assemblies, and worm gear assemblies. The outputs of the two planetary speed regulating assemblies are connected to the same output shaft. The output shaft has two sets of worm threads, which are respectively matched with two worm wheels to drive the two lead screw assemblies. The rotation directions of the two sets of lead screw assemblies, planetary speed regulating assemblies, and worm gear assemblies are opposite to ensure left-right symmetry during power transmission and to counteract the frictional torque of the left and right lead screw assemblies.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention achieved by adopting the above technical solution are as follows: I. Clamping Mechanism: The device employs a linkage mechanism with normally closed grippers. The grippers are automatically clamped when the lever is released after the hardness tester is inserted, allowing for quick installation. The gripper cross-section uses a composite structure combining a cylindrical tangent plane and a parallel plane, making it compatible with various Shore hardness testers with cylindrical or flat bottoms, thus solving the problem of poor compatibility in existing devices.

[0015] The gripper's freedom of movement is limited to the sliding direction only. Friction is generated by the preload of a tension spring to balance the test force, ensuring reliable clamping and preventing loosening. This effectively avoids measurement errors caused by relative displacement or pressure needle friction. The detachable contact surface design facilitates maintenance and future expansion.

[0016] II. Loading Mechanism: A planetary gear set is used to achieve three adjustable speed ratios—the high speed is used for ineffective travel, and the low speed is used for minute feeds near the calibration point, balancing the dual requirements of efficiency and reading accuracy. The low speed uses a transmission route where the handwheel is directly connected to the worm gear pair, with force transmitted throughout the entire process via the worm gear and the lead screw nut, avoiding loading fluctuations caused by uneven gear meshing.

[0017] The lifting platform is fixedly connected to the force sensor, eliminating the force-dissipating phenomenon caused by the clearance of the lead screw and nut in other Shore hardness tester calibration devices that use a lifting platform to fix the hardness tester, ensuring a continuous and stable loading process. The symmetrically arranged protruding handwheels on both sides allow the operator to alternate between left and right hands, avoiding obstruction by the column and fatigue of one hand, resulting in better ergonomics.

[0018] In summary, this invention systematically reduces various errors of existing devices in terms of both clamping and loading, making the verification results more accurate and reliable. At the same time, it has the advantages of convenient operation, strong compatibility, and low maintenance cost, and has good market application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the frame in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structural relationship between the cable tray and the supporting side plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation relationship between the gripper and the actuating lever in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the loading mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planetary speed regulating component and the worm gear assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the output side of the planetary speed regulating component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the input side of the planetary speed regulating component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the planetary speed regulating component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Top plate, 2. Support column, 3. Loading mechanism, 4. Base plate, 5. Clamping mechanism, 6. Force sensor, 31. Handwheel assembly, 32. Planetary speed control assembly, 33. Worm gear assembly, 34. Lead screw assembly, 35. Lifting platform, 51. Support side plate, 52. First gripper, 53. Second gripper, 54. Tension spring, 55. Actuating lever, 56. Slide rod, 57. Bridge frame, 58. Clamping lever stretcher, 59. Handle, 511 523. Support, 532. Bridge hole, 341. Drive hole, 342. Nut, 331. Lead screw, 332. Worm gear, 321. Planet carrier, 322. Planet gear pin, 323. Planet gear, 324. Internal gear ring, 325. Housing, 326. Sun gear, 311. First input shaft, 312. Second input shaft, 313. Third input shaft, 314. First handwheel, 315. Second handwheel, 316. Third handwheel. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] I. Overall Structure of the Device like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation provided in this embodiment mainly includes three major components: frame, clamping mechanism 5 and loading mechanism 3.

[0032] The frame, serving as the mounting base for the entire device, consists of a top plate 1, a bottom plate 4, and several supporting columns 2 connecting the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 4. The top plate 1 is located directly above the bottom plate 4, and the two are parallel to each other in space. Four supporting columns 2 are fixedly connected to the four corner edges of the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 4, forming a rigid frame structure between them and providing ample installation space for the loading mechanism 3. The lower surface of the top plate 1 is flat and used to mount the clamping mechanism 5; the top plate 1 provides support for the top ends of components such as the lead screw 342 in the loading mechanism 3. The bottom plate 4 provides support for the lower ends of components such as the lead screw 342 in the loading mechanism 3.

[0033] The clamping mechanism 5 is suspended on the lower surface of the top plate 1. Its main body consists of a pair of first jaws 52 and second jaws 53, which are used to clamp and fix the Shore hardness tester to be tested from both sides. A square hole is opened in the center of the top plate for the Shore hardness tester to be inserted and locked between the first jaws 52 and the second jaws 53.

[0034] The loading mechanism 3 is installed in the space between the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 4, and mainly includes a lifting platform 35, a lead screw assembly 34, a worm gear assembly 33, and a planetary speed regulating assembly 32. A force sensor 6 is fixedly installed on the lifting platform 35. The end of the indenter of the Shore hardness tester contacts the force-bearing surface of the force sensor 6, and the test force is transmitted to the force sensor 6 for measurement through the indenter. The loading mechanism 3 receives power through the handwheel assembly 31, selects different speed ratios through the planetary speed regulating assembly 32, changes the transmission direction through the worm gear assembly 33, and converts the rotational motion into linear motion through the lead screw assembly 34, ultimately driving the lifting platform 35 and the force sensor 6 to move up and down vertically, thereby realizing the testing of the Shore hardness tester.

[0035] II. Specific Implementation Methods of the Clamping Mechanism like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the clamping mechanism 5 specifically includes a first gripper 52, a second gripper 53, two support side plates 51, four actuating rods 55, two sliding rods 56, a bridge 57, a tension spring 54, and a handle 59.

[0036] The installation relationship between the support side plate 51 and the clamping claw is as follows: Two opposing support side plates 51 are bolted to the lower surface of the top plate 1. The two support side plates 51 are parallel and opposite to each other in the horizontal direction, and the space between them is used to accommodate the first clamp 52, the second clamp 53, and the cable tray 57. Each support side plate 51 has two uprights 511 at its top. The two uprights 511 and the main body of the support side plate 51 form a U-shaped plate structure. The uprights 511 extend upward perpendicular to the main plane of the support side plate 51.

[0037] The first gripper 52 and the second gripper 53 both have slots on their left and right sides, forming an H-shaped structure. Both grippers 52 and 53 rest on two supporting side plates 51. Specifically, the slots on both sides of each gripper correspond to the upright supports 511 on the two supporting side plates 51, with the upright supports 511 located inside the slots of the corresponding grippers. A sliding rod 56 passes horizontally through the upright supports 511 and the slotted portions of the grippers, constraining the grippers to the supporting side plates 51. The ends of the sliding rod 56 can be limited by snap rings or nuts to prevent the grippers from detaching from the sliding rod 56. The first gripper 52 and the second gripper 53 have only one-dimensional sliding freedom along the axial direction of the sliding rod 56. By restricting the grippers' freedom to one-dimensional sliding, the twisting or shifting of the Shore hardness tester during loading can be effectively prevented, ensuring that the indenter axis is always perpendicular to the force-bearing surface of the force sensor 6.

[0038] Two tension springs 54 are disposed between the first gripper 52 and the second gripper 53, respectively, on the left and right sides of the gripper. The two ends of each tension spring 54 are fixedly connected to the first gripper 52 and the second gripper 53, respectively. The tension springs 54 are always in a stretched state, and their tension keeps the two grippers in a normally closed state, close to each other, when no external force is applied. The wire diameter, pitch diameter, and number of turns of the tension springs 54 are calculated and designed based on the maximum test force required for Shore hardness tester calibration, ensuring that the friction between the grippers and the hardness tester is sufficient to balance the maximum test force generated during loading.

[0039] The cross-sectional shape of the gripper is designed as follows: The first jaw 52 and the second jaw 53 employ a composite structure design to accommodate the different bottom shapes of Shore hardness testers from various manufacturers. Specifically, near the center of symmetry between the two jaws, each jaw has two mutually perpendicular small planes. When the two jaws approach each other, these four small planes together form a double-V-shaped clamping space, which tangentially engages with the cylindrical shell at the bottom of the Shore hardness tester, holding the cylinder and automatically aligning the hardness tester with its axis—that is, automatically aligning the axis of the Shore hardness tester with the direction of force applied by the force sensor 6. Further away from the center of symmetry, on the outer side of the jaws, each jaw has a plane. When the two jaws approach each other, these two planes are parallel, used to clamp Shore hardness testers with flat bottoms (such as those from the Japanese TECLOCK brand or certain manufacturers in Yingkou, Liaoning). The bottom of the jaws also has an inwardly extending groove, on which the bottom edge of the Shore hardness tester can rest. This serves to assist in aligning the pressure foot of the hardness tester and provides mechanical limiting protection in case the hardness tester accidentally comes loose.

[0040] The arrangement and transmission principle of the actuating lever 55 are as follows: There are four actuating levers 55 in total, with each gripper corresponding to two actuating levers 55. That is, the first gripper 52 corresponds to two of the actuating levers 55, and the second gripper 53 corresponds to the other two actuating levers 55. The two actuating levers 55 under the same gripper are fixedly connected by an opening lever stretcher 58 to form an integrated structure, enabling the two actuating levers 55 to move synchronously. The top of the actuating lever 55 is inserted into the corresponding drive hole 532 on the gripper. The actuating lever 55 and the drive hole 532 are matched one-to-one. The diameter of the drive hole 532 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the top of the actuating lever 55 to allow the top of the actuating lever 55 to slide slightly relative to the top of the actuating lever 55 within the drive hole 532 during rotation, avoiding over-constraint.

[0041] Both the first gripper 52 and the second gripper 53 have bridge holes 523. A cable tray 57 is positioned between the two support side plates 51, with its top passing upwards through the bridge holes 523 and then fixed to the lower surface of the top plate 1 by bolts. The lower part of the cable tray 57 is connected to the support side plates 51 via the two pins mentioned above. The cable tray 57 provides additional lateral support to the support side plates 51, preventing deformation or displacement of the two support side plates 51 during the clamping and releasing process of the grippers.

[0042] The middle part of the actuating rod 55 is hinged to the inner side of the support side plate 51 by the aforementioned pin. The pin passes through the pin hole opened in the middle of the support side plate 51 and the actuating rod 55, allowing the actuating rod 55 to rotate around the pin in the vertical plane. Two actuating rods 55 hinged on the same support side plate 51—that is, two actuating rods 55 corresponding to the first gripper 52 and the second gripper 53 respectively and located on the same side—have meshing teeth on their adjacent sides. The teeth of the two actuating rods 55 form a gear pair, ensuring that the two actuating rods 55 rotate through the same angle around the corresponding pin, thereby ensuring that the first gripper 52 and the second gripper 53 always maintain synchronous and symmetrical movement during opening and closing.

[0043] The bottom end of the actuator 55 extends downward as the drive end, and a handle 59 is fixedly connected between the bottom ends of the two actuators 55. The handle 59 provides the operator with a part to grip and apply force, and the outer surface of the handle 59 may be provided with anti-slip texture or covered with a rubber sleeve to improve operating comfort.

[0044] The working process of the clamping mechanism is as follows: When installing a Shore hardness tester, the operator holds both handles 59 with one hand and pulls them closer together (i.e., the two handles 59 are brought close together). The two actuating rods 55 rotate around their respective pivots, and the tips of the actuating rods 55 swing away from each other, pushing the first jaw 52 and the second jaw 53 away from each other along the slide rod 56, thus opening the gap between the jaws. The Shore hardness tester is then placed between the two jaws from top to bottom, ensuring it aligns with the corresponding jaw contact surface according to the actual shape of the tester's bottom (cylindrical or planar). The handles 59 are then released, and under the tensile restoring force of the tension spring 54, the two jaws move closer together along the slide rod 56, automatically clamping the Shore hardness tester. The lateral pressure between the jaw contact surfaces (equipped with matching rubber or nylon pads) and the bottom of the hardness tester generates sufficient static friction to balance all the test forces generated during subsequent loading, ensuring the hardness tester remains stable during the entire test force verification process and preventing loosening or relative slippage.

[0045] When the calibration is complete and the hardness tester needs to be removed, the operator should grip the two handles 59 again and pull them closer together. The jaws will be pushed open, and the hardness tester can be easily removed.

[0046] Detachable implementation of the gripper contact surface: The working surface of the jaws in contact with the hardness tester can be implemented in several ways. In one implementation, the jaw contact surface and the jaw body are an integral structure, meaning it is directly machined onto the jaw body. This method is simple in structure, has good rigidity, and is suitable for routine verification scenarios. In another implementation, the jaw contact surface is a detachable structure—the jaw body has mounting grooves or threaded holes, and the contact surface parts are detachably fixed to the jaw body by screws, pins, or clips. The detachable contact surface parts can be made of wear-resistant materials such as nylon, or rubber pads; they can be replaced individually after long-term wear, without replacing the entire jaw, significantly reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, for cases where the bottom of the Shore hardness tester is circular, flat, or other irregularly shaped, multiple sets of replaceable parts with different contact surface shapes can be pre-prepared and selected and installed according to the actual shape of the hardness tester being tested. If uncommon Shore hardness tester bottom shapes appear on the market later, only corresponding replaceable contact surface parts need to be developed, expanding the compatibility and adaptability of the device.

[0047] III. Detailed Implementation of the Loading Mechanism like Figure 2 and Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the loading mechanism 3 specifically includes a lifting platform 35, a lead screw assembly 34, a worm gear assembly 33, and a planetary speed regulating assembly 32.

[0048] Structure and function of lead screw assembly 34: The lead screw assembly 34 includes a lead screw 342 and a nut 341. The lead screw 342 is an externally threaded rod with its axis set vertically. The top end of the lead screw 342 is connected to the top plate 1 via a bearing, and the bottom end is connected to the bottom plate 4 via a bearing. The lead screw 342 can rotate freely around its own axis, but its axial position is limited by the bearing, preventing axial movement. The nut 341 is an internally threaded component, fitted onto the outside of the lead screw 342 and threadedly engaged with it. The outer wall of the nut 341 is fixedly connected to the lifting platform 35. The lifting platform 35 is a horizontally arranged annular plate-shaped component with a central hollowed-out section to prevent interference with the clamping mechanism during lifting. Its upper surface is used to fix and install the force sensor 6. The opposing structure at the installation position of the force sensor 6 has a larger volume to balance the overall mass distribution of the lifting platform 35 and the force sensor 6, making the center of gravity as close as possible to the plane containing the axes of the two lead screws 342. A centered load center of gravity on the lead screw can reduce uneven wear and improve service life.

[0049] The force sensor 6 comes with two force sensor indenters for verification and traceability to higher metrological standards, as well as a load-bearing base. The verification indenter is low in height, suitable as a platform for applying force to the hardness tester, and the shape of the load-bearing base is adapted to the tip shape of the hardness tester indenter. The traceability indenter is higher, suitable for carrying force weights used for traceability to higher metrological standards. The force sensor 6 also comes with an instrument with Bluetooth communication function to form a force measuring instrument. When combined with a tablet or other display, it can generate original experimental records with an APP or upload recorded data to the server of the verification business system.

[0050] When the lead screw 342 rotates around its own axis, the nut 341 moves up and down along the axial direction of the lead screw 342 due to the threaded engagement, thereby driving the lifting platform 35 and the force sensor 6 to move up and down synchronously, causing the force sensor 6 to move closer to or further away from the Shore hardness tester fixed on the clamping mechanism 5. To match the overall transmission ratio and the 2.5 mm indenter stroke of the Shore hardness tester, the thread of the lead screw 342 is preferably a fine thread.

[0051] Structure and function of worm gear assembly 33: The worm gear assembly 33 includes a worm gear 331 and a worm 332. The worm gear 331 is an annular component whose inner hole is fitted onto the lead screw 342, and is fixedly connected to the lead screw 342 via a key connection or interference fit. The worm gear 331 and the lead screw 342 are coaxially arranged and rotate synchronously. The worm 332 is a helical rod whose axis is arranged horizontally (Y-axis direction), located on one side of the worm gear 331, and meshes with the worm gear 331. When the worm 332 rotates, it drives the worm gear 331 to rotate around its vertical axis, thereby driving the lead screw 342 to rotate. The worm gear pair has a self-locking characteristic—that is, the worm 332 can drive the worm gear 331 to rotate, but the worm gear 331 cannot drive the worm 332 to rotate in the opposite direction. This characteristic ensures that even if the operator releases the handwheel during loading, the lifting platform 35 will not slide down due to gravity, ensuring the stability of the loading position. In addition, the transmission ratio of the worm gear pair can be set as needed to ensure that the ratio of the handwheel angular velocity to the lifting platform linear velocity is small enough during slow loading, so as to achieve micro-feeding.

[0052] Structure and function of planetary speed control component 32: The planetary speed regulating assembly 32 is the core component of this invention that enables three adjustable speed ratios. The planetary speed regulating assembly 32 includes a housing 325 and at least two stages of planetary gear sets disposed within the housing 325. In this embodiment, a three-stage planetary gear set is used as an example for explanation.

[0053] The housing 325 has a cylindrical structure, and its inner wall is machined with internal gear rings 324 that match each planetary gear set. The number of teeth of each level of internal gear ring 324 can be designed according to the required speed ratio, and varies step by step from the output end (inner side) to the input end (outer side).

[0054] Each stage of the planetary gear set includes a sun gear 326, a planet carrier 321, and three planet gears 323. The sun gear 326 is an external gear, located at the center of the corresponding internal gear ring 324, and coaxial with the internal gear ring 324. The three planet gears 323 are all external gears, evenly distributed in the annular space between the sun gear 326 and the internal gear ring 324. Each planet gear 323 meshes with both the external teeth of the sun gear 326 and the internal teeth of the internal gear ring 324. The planet carrier 321 is a disc-shaped component, located on the outer side of the corresponding sun gear 326 (i.e., the side away from the output end). The inner side of the planet carrier 321 is fixedly equipped with planet gear pins 322 corresponding to each planet gear 323. The three planet gears 323 are respectively fitted onto their corresponding planet gear pins 322 and can rotate freely around the planet gear pins 322. The input and output shafts of the planetary speed regulating component 32 are arranged in an unconventional direction. Therefore, when the planet carrier 321 is driven to rotate, the planet gear 323 revolves around the sun gear 326 while rotating on its own axis, driving the sun gear 326 to output at an accelerated speed.

[0055] The planetary carrier 321 is fixedly connected to the sun gear 326 of its adjacent outer planetary gear set. In this embodiment, the second-stage sun gear is fixedly connected to the first-stage planetary carrier (both rotate synchronously on the same axis), and the third-stage sun gear is fixedly connected to the second-stage planetary carrier (both rotate synchronously on the same axis). The sun gear 326 of the innermost first-stage planetary gear set, which is closest to the output end of the worm gear 332, is fixedly connected to the worm gear 332, and is used to output the power after planetary speed regulation to the worm gear 332. Each stage of the planetary carrier 321 has a corresponding input shaft connected to its center, namely the first input shaft 311, the second input shaft 312, and the third input shaft 313. The first input shaft 311 is connected to the center of the planetary carrier 321 of the innermost (first-stage) planetary gear set, the second input shaft 312 is connected to the center of the planetary carrier 321 of the intermediate (second-stage) planetary gear set, and the third input shaft 313 is connected to the center of the planetary carrier 321 of the outermost (third-stage) planetary gear set. All three input shafts extend from the outside of the planetary speed regulation component 32, and the central axes of the three input shafts coincide. The first input shaft 311 is a solid shaft, fitted inside the second input shaft 312 and capable of relative rotation; the second input shaft 312 is a hollow shaft, fitted inside the third input shaft 313 and capable of relative rotation; the third input shaft 313 is the outermost hollow shaft. Through this sleeve structure, the three independent input shafts are coaxially arranged, each capable of rotating independently without interfering with each other.

[0056] From the inside to the outside, the tooth thickness of the planetary gears 323 and the sun gear 326 in each stage of the planetary gear set gradually increases to adapt to the gradually increasing torque transmission requirements and ensure transmission strength and reliability.

[0057] The outer ends of the first input shaft 311, the second input shaft 312, and the third input shaft 313 are respectively fixedly connected to a first handwheel 314, a second handwheel 315, and a third handwheel 316. The first handwheel 314 is a slow-speed loading handwheel, the second handwheel 315 is a medium-speed loading handwheel, and the third handwheel 316 is a fast-speed loading handwheel. The three handwheels are arranged coaxially, and their diameters are designed according to the required operating torque.

[0058] The loading mechanism 3 has two sets of screw assemblies 34, planetary speed regulating assemblies 32, and worm gear assemblies 33, arranged on the left and right sides of the internal space of the device. The outputs of the two planetary speed regulating assemblies 32 are connected to the same output shaft, which has two sets of worm threads machined on it, respectively matching and meshing with the worm gears 331 on the left and right sides. When the operator turns any handwheel, the power is transmitted to the output shaft after being adjusted by the planetary speed regulating assembly 32. The output shaft simultaneously drives the worm threads on both sides to rotate, thereby synchronously driving the two worm gears 331 and the two screws 342 to rotate. The two nuts 341 drive the two ends of the lifting platform 35 to rise and fall synchronously, ensuring that the lifting platform 35 and the force sensor 6 remain horizontal and do not tilt during the entire lifting process. The screw assemblies 34, planetary speed regulating assemblies 32, and worm gear assemblies 33 have opposite rotation directions, ensuring left-right symmetry during power transmission, offsetting the frictional torque of the left and right screw assemblies 34, reducing the vertical rotation or deflection force during the movement of the lifting platform, and improving its service life.

[0059] The principle behind the implementation of the three-speed loading ratio is as follows: When the operator turns the third handwheel 316 (quick loading handwheel), power is directly transmitted via the third input shaft 313 to the outermost (third stage) planetary carrier 321. After speed adjustment by the three-stage planetary gear set, power is output to the worm gear 332 via the innermost sun gear 326. The speed ratio between the output shaft and the third input shaft is at its maximum, allowing the lifting platform 35 to rise and fall at the fastest speed, suitable for the ineffective travel segment.

[0060] When the operator turns the second handwheel 315, i.e. the medium-speed loading handwheel, the power is directly transmitted to the intermediate stage (second stage) planetary carrier 321 via the second input shaft 312. The power is then output after being adjusted by the two-stage planetary gear set of the second stage and the first stage, with the speed ratio between the fast gear and the slow gear.

[0061] When the operator turns the first handwheel 314 (slow loading handwheel), power is directly connected to the worm gear 332 via the first input shaft 311, and the power is directly transmitted to the worm wheel. This gear has the shortest speed adjustment path, and combined with the large speed ratio of the worm gear pair, it achieves the maximum overall speed adjustment effect. More importantly, in the slow loading gear, power is directly transmitted to the worm gear 332 via the first input shaft 311, without passing through the meshing of the second and third stage planetary gear sets. The power transmission path only includes the two friction pairs of the worm gear assembly 33 and the lead screw assembly 34, completely avoiding the cumulative pitch error and meshing impact caused by multi-stage gear meshing. Therefore, in the slow gear, the lifting speed of the lifting platform 35 is the slowest, the power transmission is the most uniform, and the movement is the smoothest, making it most suitable for precise micro-feeding near the test force calibration point.

[0062] IV. Other alternative implementation methods Based on the above embodiments, the present invention can also adopt the following alternative embodiments: In an alternative, the planetary speed control assembly 32 can use a two-stage planetary gear set instead of a three-stage planetary gear set, and correspondingly set two handwheels to achieve two speed ratios, which is suitable for calibration scenarios with fewer requirements for loading gears.

[0063] In an alternative approach, the gripper can be driven by a cam mechanism, pneumatic cylinder, or electric push rod instead of the actuating lever 55 to achieve automatic opening and closing of the gripper, which is suitable for verification scenarios with higher automation requirements.

[0064] In an alternative, a fine-tuning platform can be provided between the force sensor 6 and the lifting platform 35 to perform micron-level fine adjustment of the coincidence between the hardness tester axis and the normal of the force sensor 6's force-bearing surface after the hardness tester is installed.

[0065] In one alternative approach, the handwheel assembly 31 can be driven by a servo motor, and the force sensor 6 and other sensors can be used for automated detection.

[0066] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation, comprising a frame, characterized in that, The frame is equipped with a clamping mechanism (5) and a loading mechanism (3); The main body of the clamping mechanism (5) is a jaw, which is used to clamp the Shore hardness tester being tested; The loading mechanism (3) includes a lifting platform (35) and a lead screw assembly (34), wherein the lifting platform (35) has a force sensor (6); wherein the lead screw assembly (34) is mounted on the frame, the lifting platform (35) is connected to the lead screw assembly (34), and moves closer to or further away from the Shore hardness tester being tested through the lead screw assembly (34).

2. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame includes a top plate (1) and a bottom plate (4) that are parallel to each other; the top plate (1) is located on top of the bottom plate (4), and the two are connected by support columns (2) of the edge array; the clamping mechanism (5) is suspended on the top plate (1).

3. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (5) includes a first clamp (52), a second clamp (53) and two actuating levers (55), wherein the two pairs of actuating levers (55) correspond to the first clamp (52) and the second clamp (53) respectively. The lower surface of the top plate (1) is equipped with a supporting side plate (51); the two pairs of actuating rods (55) are respectively hinged to the supporting side plate (51) by corresponding pins; The top end of the actuating lever (55) contacts the corresponding gripper, and the bottom end serves as the driving end. When the driving ends of the two pairs of actuating levers (55) come together, the first gripper (52) and the second gripper (53) move away from each other.

4. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower surface of the top plate (1) has two supporting side plates (51), and the two supporting side plates (51) are opposite to each other; wherein, the first claw (52) and the second claw (53) are both located between the two supporting side plates (51) and constrained on the slide rod (56) of the supporting side plate (51); The first gripper (52) and the second gripper (53) have a degree of freedom of movement on the slide bar (56) of the supporting side plate (51), and a tension spring (54) is provided between them.

5. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each supporting side plate (51) has two upright supports (511) at the top to form a U-shaped plate structure, and the first claw (52) and the second claw (53) have slots on the left and right sides to form an H-shaped structure; The first gripper (52) and the second gripper (53) are both placed on the two support side plates (51). The two sides of each gripper correspond to the uprights (511) on the two support side plates (51). The uprights (511) are located at the slots of the corresponding grippers and are fixedly connected to the top plate by screws. The two sliding rods pass through the openings of the uprights (511) on the two support side plates (51).

6. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a cable tray (57); the first gripper and the second gripper are also provided with a bridge hole (523) and a drive hole (532); The cable tray (57) is located between two supporting side plates (51), and its top is fixed to the lower surface of the top plate (1) through the bridge hole (523); The actuating rod (55) has four parts, and each jaw corresponds to two actuating rods (55). The top of the actuating rod (55) is located in the driving hole (532) of the jaw. The actuating rod (55) and the driving hole (532) are in one-to-one correspondence. The two actuating rods (55) under the same jaw are connected by the opening lever stretcher (58) and the handle (59) to form an integrated structure. Two actuating rods (55) are hinged to the same support side plate (51) by the pin, and their adjacent sides are provided with meshing teeth to ensure that the two pairs of actuating rods and the corresponding grippers move synchronously and symmetrically.

7. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading mechanism (3) also includes a worm gear assembly (33). The worm gear (331) is mounted on the lead screw (342) of the lead screw assembly (34) and is fixedly connected to the lead screw (342); the top and bottom ends of the lead screw (342) are connected to the top plate (1) and the bottom plate (4) by bearings; the nut (341) of the lead screw assembly (34) is fixedly connected to the lifting platform (35) and is used to drive the lifting platform (35) to move up and down along the lead screw; The worm (332) is located on one side of the worm wheel (331) and meshes with the worm wheel (331) to input power.

8. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The loading mechanism (3) also includes a planetary speed regulating component (32); The planetary speed regulating assembly (32) includes a housing (325) and at least two stages of planetary gear sets disposed within the housing, wherein the planetary gear sets include a sun gear (326), a planet carrier (321) and a plurality of planet gears (323). The inner wall of the housing (325) has an internal gear ring (324) that matches the planetary gear set. The sun gear (326) is located at the center of the corresponding internal gear ring (324). Multiple planet gears (323) are located between the sun gear (326) and the internal gear ring (324) and mesh with the sun gear (326) and the internal gear ring (324). The planet carrier (321) is located outside the corresponding sun gear (326). Its inner side has planet gear pins (322) that correspond one-to-one with the planet gears (323). The planet gears (323) are fitted on the corresponding planet gear pins (322). The planet carrier (321) is fixedly connected to the sun gear (326) of its adjacent outer planetary gear set. The innermost sun gear (326) is used to connect to the worm gear (332) for output; each input shaft is connected to the center of the corresponding planet carrier (321); Multiple input shafts are located on the outside of the planetary speed control assembly (32), and the central axes of the multiple input shafts coincide; among them, the worm gear (332) is fitted in the input shaft connected to the innermost planetary carrier (321), and the input shaft connected to the innermost planetary carrier (321) is fitted in the input shaft connected to the outermost planetary carrier (321).

9. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 8, characterized in that, From the inside to the outside, the thickness of the planetary gears (323) of the planetary gear set gradually increases, ensuring that the load strength of each gear in the planetary gear set is more uniform. The loading mechanism (3) has two screw assembly (34), planetary speed regulating assembly (32) and worm gear assembly (33), wherein the outputs of the two planetary speed regulating assemblies (32) are connected to the same output shaft; the output shaft has two sets of worm (332) threads, which are respectively matched with two worm gears (331) to drive the two screw assemblies (34).

10. The Shore hardness tester calibration device with three loading speed ratios for rapid installation according to claim 9, characterized in that, The two sets of lead screw assemblies (34), planetary speed regulating assembly (32) and worm gear assembly (33) have opposite rotation directions to ensure left-right symmetry during power transmission and to counteract the frictional torque of the two sets of lead screw assemblies (34).

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