Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy apparatus and method for detecting ore on a conveyor belt

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of ore detection, and specifically provides a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device and method for ores on a conveying belt. The device comprises: an optical speed sensing module for measuring the movement speed of the conveying belt; a laser ranging module for measuring the surface height of the ores on the conveying belt; a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module arranged downstream of the conveying belt movement direction of the laser ranging module, for focusing the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam on the surface of the ores with the measured surface height after a focusing delay according to the movement speed of the conveying belt measured by the optical speed sensing module; and a control circuit for determining the focusing delay according to a preset distance, the movement speed of the conveying belt, and the internal response delay of the device, so as to focus the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam on the surface of the ores with the measured surface height. The technical scheme provided by the application can reduce the intervention of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device on the original industrial process facilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of ore detection technology, and in particular relates to a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device and method for ore on a conveyor belt. Background Technology

[0002] As industries such as mineral mining, ore smelting, and import / export mineral inspection continue to move towards automation and intelligence, in-situ online real-time detection of ore on conveyor belts is being used more and more. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LAS) technology, with its advantages of fast detection speed, no need for ore sample pretreatment, and simultaneous multi-element analysis, can provide real-time feedback on ore composition and quality information, helping companies optimize production management processes. However, current laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LAS) equipment used for conveyor belt ore inspection has significant shortcomings in actual deployment and operation. Many devices require additional ore leveling mechanisms or mechanical contact components, such as mechanical encoders, to perform conveyor belt speed measurement. Real-time adjustments to the focus delay are needed when conveyor belt speed changes due to on-site operating conditions. These measures require modifications to the existing ore conveying facilities. Some speed measurement schemes rely on two sets of ranging devices working together, increasing the complexity of the equipment structure. Furthermore, traditional focusing structures require large-scale linear displacement of the focusing lens, resulting in a large overall equipment size and increased installation difficulty. The fixed focus delay or the method of measuring the average height of ore over a certain surface area is also difficult to adapt to the variable speed of the conveyor belt and the uneven surface of the raw ore, leading to low focusing accuracy and large fluctuations in detection data. Therefore, how to reduce the interference of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection devices with existing industrial processes while ensuring the detection performance of the device has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of this application provide a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device, method, apparatus, program product, readable storage medium, and electronic device for detecting ore on a conveyor belt, thereby reducing the interference of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device with existing industrial process facilities.

[0004] Other features and advantages of this application will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this application.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present application, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device for ore on a conveyor belt is provided, characterized in that the device comprises: an optical speed sensing module for measuring the movement speed of the conveyor belt; a laser ranging module for measuring the surface height of the ore on the conveyor belt; a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module, disposed downstream of the laser ranging module in the direction of conveyor belt movement and installed at a preset distance, for focusing a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam onto the surface of the ore whose surface height is measured after a focusing delay, based on the movement speed of the conveyor belt measured by the optical speed sensing module, to perform laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection; and a control circuit for determining the focusing delay based on the preset distance, the movement speed of the conveyor belt, and the internal response delay of the device, and focusing the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam onto the surface of the ore whose height is measured.

[0006] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the optical speed sensing module includes: a periodic velocity measuring color mark, disposed on the rotating component of the conveyor belt, for providing an identification target for the laser surface diffuse reflection detector; a laser surface diffuse reflection detector, disposed non-contactly on the side of the rotating component, for emitting a velocity-transmitting electric beam onto the periodic velocity measuring color mark of the rotating component, and receiving the diffuse reflected light reflected back by the periodic velocity measuring color mark; and a photoelectric sensing device, for detecting the diffuse reflected light, outputting a corresponding pulsed electronic signal, and determining the movement speed of the conveyor belt based on the period of the pulsed electronic signal and the geometric dimensions of the rotating component.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module includes a zoom device and a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser, wherein the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser is used to emit a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam; the zoom device is used to determine the focusing distance of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam according to the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, and after the focusing delay, focus the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam on the surface of the ore at which the height is measured.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present application, a method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection of ore on a conveyor belt is provided, characterized in that the method is applied to an apparatus as described in any of the first aspects above, the method comprising: measuring the movement speed of the conveyor belt in real time, and measuring the surface height of the ore; determining a focusing delay based on the movement speed, a preset distance, and the internal response delay of the apparatus, wherein the focusing delay is the remaining time after subtracting the internal response delay from the transport time of the ore with the measured surface height from the laser ranging area to the detection area of ​​the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module; focusing the ore with the measured surface height based on the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, and performing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the real-time determination of the conveyor belt's speed includes: emitting a velocity-transmitting electric beam to a periodic velocity measuring color mark on a rotating component via a laser surface diffuse reflection detector, and receiving diffuse reflected light from the periodic velocity measuring color mark, wherein the diffuse reflected light is used to reflect the color change period in the periodic velocity measuring color mark; converting the color change period in the diffuse reflected light into a pulsed electronic signal via a photoelectric sensing device; and determining the conveyor belt's speed based on the period of the pulsed electronic signal and the geometric dimensions of the rotating component.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, focusing the ore with the measured surface height based on the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, and performing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection, includes: determining the focusing distance of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam according to the surface height of the ore; activating the zoom device after the focusing delay, and focusing the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam on the surface of the ore based on the focusing distance after the internal response delay of the device, and performing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the focusing distance of the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam is determined by the following formula: in, This indicates the focal length of the negative lens in the zoom device; This indicates the focal length of the first positive lens in the zoom device; This indicates the focal length of the second positive lens in the zoom device; This indicates the distance between the negative lens and the first positive lens; This indicates the distance between the first positive lens and the second positive lens; This represents the distance from the second positive lens to the focal point of the laser beam in the laser-induced breakdown spectrum.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, based on the aforementioned scheme, the negative lens, the first positive lens, and the second positive lens are arranged sequentially along the laser emission direction.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, based on the foregoing scheme, the distance between the negative lens and the first positive lens is determined by the surface height of the ore to ensure that the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam is focused on the ore for which the surface height is measured.

[0014] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium and adapted to be read and executed by a processor to cause a computer device having the processor to perform an operation as described in any of the embodiments of the second aspect above.

[0015] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program instruction, the at least one computer program instruction being loaded and executed by a processor to perform the operation performed by the method described in any one of the embodiments of the second aspect above.

[0016] According to a fifth aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device including one or more processors and one or more memories, the one or more memories storing at least one computer program instruction, the at least one computer program instruction being loaded and executed by the one or more processors to perform the operation performed by the method as described in any of the embodiments of the second aspect above.

[0017] Based on the technical solution proposed in this application, the conveyor belt speed is measured non-contactly using an optical speed sensing module. This avoids the need to install mechanical contact speed measuring components on existing conveyor equipment, eliminates the need to modify the on-site production line structure, and reduces the degree of interference of equipment deployment with the original production process. Simultaneously, the real-time acquired speed data can adapt to speed changes caused by variations in conveyor belt operating conditions, avoiding the focusing time deviation that occurs in traditional fixed-delay solutions in variable-speed scenarios. The laser ranging module collects point-by-point height information on the ore surface, replacing the traditional area-average height sensing solution and providing a data foundation for subsequent automatic focusing. By arranging the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module for automatic focusing downstream of the ranging module at a preset distance, and combining it with the control circuit to calculate the dynamic focusing delay based on the preset distance, real-time speed, and internal response delay, the laser beam can complete the focusing action when the ore reaches the detection position, achieving dynamic and precise focusing of the ore, ensuring the stability of plasma excitation, effectively improving the average spectral intensity of on-site online detection, reducing the fluctuation range of spectral data, and ensuring the reliability and stability of the detection results.

[0018] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device for ore on a conveyor belt is shown in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A flowchart of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection method for ore on a conveyor belt according to one embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of focus delay in one embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to one embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details are provided in the following description to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of this application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or other methods, components, apparatuses, steps, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known methods, apparatuses, implementations, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring various aspects of this application.

[0022] The block diagrams shown in the accompanying drawings are merely functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically independent entities. That is, these functional entities can be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0023] The flowcharts shown in the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, while others can be combined or partially combined; therefore, the actual execution order may change depending on the specific circumstances.

[0024] It should also be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such uses of these terms can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described.

[0025] As industries such as mineral mining, ore smelting, and import / export mineral inspection continue to move towards automation and intelligence, in-situ online real-time detection of ore on conveyor belts is being used more and more. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LAS) technology, with its advantages of fast detection speed, no need for ore sample pretreatment, and simultaneous multi-element analysis, can provide real-time feedback on ore composition and quality information, helping companies optimize production management processes. However, current laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LAS) equipment used for conveyor belt ore detection has significant shortcomings in actual deployment and operation. Many devices require additional ore leveling mechanisms or mechanical contact components, such as mechanical encoders, to perform conveyor belt speed measurement. When the conveyor belt speed changes due to on-site operating conditions, real-time adjustments to the focus delay are needed. These measures require modifications to the existing ore conveying facilities. Some speed measurement schemes rely on two sets of ranging devices working together, increasing the complexity of the equipment structure. In addition, traditional focusing structures require a large-scale linear displacement of the focusing lens, resulting in a large overall size of the equipment and increasing the difficulty of on-site installation. Furthermore, the working method of fixing the focus delay or measuring the average height of the ore over a certain surface area is difficult to adapt to the variable speed of the conveyor belt and the uneven surface of the raw ore, resulting in low focusing accuracy and large fluctuations in the detection data. Based on this, this application proposes a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device for ore on a conveyor belt, so as to reduce the interference of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device on the original industrial process facilities, while ensuring the detection performance of the device.

[0026] Next, we will combine Figure 1 The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device for ore on a conveyor belt proposed in this application is described in detail.

[0027] See Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device for ore on a conveyor belt according to one embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the device may include at least an ore conveying system 100, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module 110, an optical speed sensing module 120, a laser ranging module 116, and a control circuit 119. The optical speed sensing module 120 can be used to measure the speed of the conveyor belt 101; the laser ranging module 116 can be used to emit a ranging laser beam 117 to measure the surface height of the ore on the conveyor belt 101; and the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module 110 is located downstream of the laser ranging module 116 in the direction of conveyor belt movement. The device is installed at a preset distance d and is used to focus the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam 114 onto the surface of the ore 102 whose surface height is measured after a focusing delay, based on the movement speed of the conveyor belt 101 measured by the optical speed sensing module 120, to perform laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection; the control circuit 119 is used to determine the focusing delay based on the preset distance d, the movement speed of the conveyor belt 101, and the internal response delay of the device, and to focus the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam 114 onto the surface of the ore whose height is measured.

[0028] In this application, the optical speed sensing module employs a non-contact optical sensing method. It does not require mechanical contact with the rotating components of the conveyor belt; instead, it identifies the operating state of the rotating components solely through optical signals, thereby calculating the conveyor belt's speed. Specifically, based on periodically changing color markings on the surface of the rotating components, the module emits a detection beam towards the marked area and receives the reflected light signal. As the component rotates, the intensity of the reflected light fluctuates periodically with the color change. By identifying the frequency of these fluctuations and combining them with geometric parameters such as the diameter of the rotating component, the real-time operating speed of the conveyor belt can be calculated. This eliminates the need for structural modifications to the existing conveyor belt equipment; deployment is achieved simply by adding markings to the surface of the existing rotating components, minimizing interference with existing industrial processes.

[0029] In this application, the laser ranging module is positioned at the front end of the entire detection process. Its main function is to sense the height of the ore surface about to enter the detection area. The module emits a ranging laser beam downwards, which is perpendicularly irradiated onto the ore surface below. Relying on the principle of laser pulse time of flight or light displacement, it measures the height of each point on the ore surface and records the corresponding ore position. Due to the uneven and irregular shape of the ore surface, this module continuously collects height data at a high sampling frequency, enabling it to capture surface height changes at the millimeter level. This ensures that subsequent light-induced breakdown spectral laser focusing can match the actual surface undulations of the ore, achieving optimized spectral excitation and acquisition.

[0030] In this application, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module is the main execution unit for ore composition detection. It is installed downstream of the laser ranging module at a preset distance. After the ore is detected by the laser ranging module, it continues to move along the conveyor belt to the working area of ​​this module. The module integrates a laser emission structure and an autofocus optical structure. Upon receiving instructions from the control circuit, it does not immediately change the focus of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam. Instead, it adjusts the focusing position of the laser beam only after the calculated focusing delay has ended. This allows the laser beam to focus on the ore surface at the height previously measured by the laser ranging module after the internal response delay. A high-energy laser pulse excites plasma, and the detection system collects the spectral signal, ultimately completing the elemental and characteristic detection of the ore. The module's focusing action perfectly matches the ore's movement and surface height, achieving precise, point-to-point detection of the ore.

[0031] In this application, the control circuit serves as the logic operation and instruction scheduling center of the device, undertaking data processing, duration calculation, and instruction issuance. The circuit synchronously collects the preset distance between the two optical modules, the real-time feedback of the conveyor belt speed from the optical speed sensing module, and the internal response delay calibrated at the factory. Combining physical motion laws, it calculates the transportation time required for the ore to move from the ranging position to the detection position using distance and speed, then subtracts the device's own internal response delay to obtain the focusing delay value. After determining the focusing delay duration, the control circuit uses this as a time reference to send control signals to the downstream laser-induced breakdown spectrum module, controlling the specific moment when the LIBS laser beam completes focusing. This ensures that the laser beam can accurately focus on the surface of the ore in motion and already completed height detection, coordinating the various modules to work in an orderly manner according to the specified time sequence.

[0032] In this application, after the equipment is started, the optical speed sensing module starts working first, collecting the running speed of the conveyor belt in real time and continuously transmitting speed data to the control circuit. At the same time, the laser ranging module scans the passing ores, measuring the surface height of the ores point by point, and simultaneously transmitting the height data and the corresponding position information of the ores to the control circuit. The control circuit calculates the movement time of the ores by combining the known preset distance and the real-time conveyor belt speed, and then subtracts the internal response delay of the device itself to obtain the focusing delay. When the ores whose height has been detected move downstream with the conveyor belt, the control circuit starts timing according to the calculated focusing delay. After the delay ends, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module starts the autofocus function, allowing the laser beam to focus on the previously collected surface height of the ores after the internal response delay of the device, so that the laser beam accurately hits the surface of the target ores, excites plasma, and completes spectral acquisition and ores detection.

[0033] In this application, the conveyor belt speed is measured non-contactly using an optical speed sensing module. This avoids the need to install mechanical contact speed measuring components on the existing conveyor equipment, eliminating the need to modify the on-site production line structure and reducing the degree of interference of equipment deployment with the original production process. Simultaneously, the real-time acquired speed data can adapt to speed changes caused by fluctuations in conveyor belt operating conditions, avoiding the focusing time deviation that occurs in traditional fixed-delay solutions in variable-speed scenarios. The laser ranging module collects point-by-point height information on the ore surface, replacing the traditional area-average height sensing solution and providing a data foundation for subsequent automatic focusing. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module for automatic focusing is positioned downstream of the ranging module at a preset distance. Combined with the control circuit, the preset distance, real-time speed, and internal response delay are used to calculate the dynamic focusing delay, allowing the laser beam to complete the focusing action when the ore reaches the detection position. This achieves dynamic and precise focusing of the ore, ensures the stability of plasma excitation, effectively improves the average spectral intensity of on-site online detection, reduces the fluctuation amplitude of spectral data, and ensures the reliability and stability of the detection results.

[0034] Continue to refer to Figure 1 The optical speed sensing module 120 may include at least a laser surface diffuse reflection detector 121, a high-frequency photoelectric switch 123, a periodic velocity measuring color mark 104, and a photoelectric sensing device. The periodic velocity measuring color mark 104 is disposed on the rotating component 103 of the conveyor belt 101 and is used to provide an identification target for the laser surface diffuse reflection detector 121. The laser surface diffuse reflection detector 121 is disposed non-contactly on the side of the rotating component 103 and is used to emit a velocity transmission beam 122 onto the periodic velocity measuring color mark 104 of the rotating component 103 and receive the diffuse reflected light reflected back by the periodic velocity measuring color mark 104. The photoelectric sensing device can be used to detect the diffuse reflected light, output a corresponding pulse electronic signal, and determine the movement speed of the conveyor belt based on the period of the pulse electronic signal and the geometric dimensions of the rotating component 103. The high-frequency photoelectric switch 123 is used to control the switching of the laser surface diffuse reflection detector 121.

[0035] In this application, the periodic speed measuring color mark is a periodic light and dark mark attached to the surface of the rotating component of the conveyor belt. Specifically, it can be formed by pasting black and white reflective tape and rotating synchronously with the rotating component, serving as the identification benchmark for optical speed measurement. The installation process does not require structural modification of the original rotating component, thus serving as a target positioning function. The rotating component is a rotating component inherent to the ore conveying system, generally selected as the supporting driven roller of the conveyor belt. Its rotational linear velocity is completely consistent with the travel speed of the conveyor belt, serving as the medium for indirectly measuring the conveyor belt speed. The laser surface diffuse reflection detector is a non-contact optical detection device, mounted on the side of the rotating component and maintaining a fixed distance from the component surface. It does not have mechanical contact with the rotating component throughout the process and is responsible for emitting a detection laser beam and receiving the diffuse reflection light signal reflected back from the color mark surface.

[0036] In this application, the speed-transmitting laser beam is a low-power detection laser emitted by the detector. After illuminating the surface of different colored marks, it produces diffuse reflection light of varying intensities, serving as a carrier for transmitting information about changes in the position of the colored marks. The diffuse reflection light refers to the light rays that radiate and reflect outwards after the laser irradiates the rough colored mark surface. Its intensity varies significantly with the depth of the colored mark color, with weaker reflection in darker areas and stronger reflection in lighter areas. The photoelectric sensing device is an electronic device with high-speed light-sensing capabilities, also known as a high-frequency photoelectric switch. It can convert the periodic changes in light intensity into computable pulsed electronic signals, realizing the conversion from optical signals to electrical signals. The period of the pulsed electronic signal is the time interval between two adjacent pulse signals, corresponding to the time it takes for a complete set of colored marks on the rotating component to pass the detection point. It is the core time parameter for calculating the rotational speed of the rotating component.

[0037] In this application, a periodic speed measuring color mark is fixed to the exposed surface of the rotating component of the conveyor belt, presenting a regularly alternating pattern of light and dark. It rotates with the component, providing a stable and identifiable reference target for optical detection. During on-site installation, the color mark simply needs to be affixed to the flat exposed surface of the rotating component; no disassembly or alteration of the original conveyor equipment's mechanical structure is required, and the original operating state of the rotating component will not be affected. The laser surface diffuse reflection detector is suspended and installed to the side of the rotating component, maintaining a suitable detection distance from the component surface, with no mechanical contact throughout the process. During operation, the device continuously emits a speed-transmitting laser beam towards the area where the color mark is located. When the laser illuminates the continuously rotating color mark surface, the alternating color changes of the color mark generate diffuse reflection light with fluctuating intensity. These reflected rays carrying rotational rhythm information are received in real time by the detector and transmitted to the photoelectric sensing device at the rear.

[0038] In this application, after receiving diffusely reflected light, the photoelectric sensing device identifies the change pattern of light intensity in real time. Whenever the boundary between light and dark areas of the color mark passes the detection point, the reflected light intensity undergoes a significant jump, and the device outputs a corresponding pulse electronic signal. Subsequent calculation logic calculates the time period between consecutive pulses, combines it with the pre-entered geometric dimensions of the rotating component, first calculates the rotational angular velocity of the rotating component, and then obtains the real-time speed of the conveyor belt by converting the circumference.

[0039] In this application, by setting periodic speed measuring color marks on the rotating parts of the conveyor belt, and using a non-contact laser surface diffuse reflection detector to collect diffuse reflection light signals, which are then converted into pulse signals by a photoelectric sensing device and combined with the geometric dimensions of the rotating parts to calculate the conveyor belt speed, real-time detection of the conveyor belt speed can be achieved without disassembling or modifying the original conveyor system's mechanical structure. Installation can be completed simply by attaching color marks to the surface of the rotating parts and setting up the detection equipment on the side, which can minimize the interference of the detection device with the original production facilities in the industrial site and reduce the modification cost and construction difficulty of on-site deployment.

[0040] Continue to refer to Figure 1 The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module 110 may include at least a zoom device 113, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser 111, a laser power supply 112, and a multi-module spectrometer 115. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser 111 is used to emit a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam 114. The zoom device 113 is used to determine the focusing distance of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam 114 according to the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, and to focus the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam 114 on the surface of the ore 102 whose height is measured after the focusing delay.

[0041] In this application, a laser-induced breakdown laser serves as the laser emission source, continuously outputting a stable laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam driven by a matching power supply. The output laser parameters are calibrated, with energy, wavelength, and other indicators adapted to the excitation requirements of the ore plasma. The laser beam emitted directly enters the downstream zoom device, awaiting the optical system to adjust the focusing parameters. The entire laser emission assembly is integrated into a sealed, dustproof, and temperature-controlled housing, preventing dust and ambient temperature changes in the ore production workshop from interfering with the stability of the laser output and ensuring that the beam parameters remain consistent over a long period.

[0042] In this application, the zoom device continuously receives ore surface height data collected by the upstream laser ranging module and the focusing delay calculated by the control circuit. Based on its built-in optical logic, combined with the inherent optical parameters of the three lenses and the variation law of the lens spacing, the zoom device first calculates the required laser focusing distance under the current working conditions, i.e., the working distance of the optical system, based on the real-time ore surface height. During the entire focusing delay period, the control circuit drives the negative lens inside the zoom device to shift, changing the spacing between the negative lens and the adjacent positive lens. Utilizing the optical magnification effect of the multi-lens combination, a large range of focusing distance adjustments can be achieved with only a small lens movement, significantly reducing the mechanism's travel distance compared to traditional single-lens focusing methods. When the preset focusing delay ends, the zoom action is initiated and completed after a delay within the device, so that the laser-induced penetration spectrum laser beam is focused on the ore surface where the height has already been detected. At this point, the laser pulse can effectively penetrate the ore surface, exciting high-temperature plasma for component analysis. The entire focusing process is fully automated, and it can follow the operation of the conveyor belt and the undulations of the ore surface in real time, adapting to the continuous operation of the production line.

[0043] In this application, a high-energy laser beam for detection is stably output by a laser, and a zoom device composed of multiple lenses dynamically determines the focusing distance by combining the measured ore surface height with the calculated focusing delay and completes the focusing action in a time-sharing manner. With the help of a compact multi-lens zoom structure, a wide range of focusing adjustment can be achieved with a small lens movement stroke, effectively reducing the space occupied by the focusing mechanism and solving the problems of large size and heavy equipment of traditional single-lens translation focusing devices. At the same time, the focusing distance is dynamically adjusted according to the actual height of the ore, eliminating the need to install additional ore leveling equipment on the ore conveying line and reducing the modification and intervention of the original industrial conveying facilities.

[0044] Next, we will combine Figure 2 The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection method for ore on a conveyor belt proposed in this application is described in detail.

[0045] See Figure 2 The flowchart illustrates a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection method for ore on a conveyor belt according to one embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method is applied to the apparatus described above, and the method can be performed at least according to the following steps 210 to 230: Step 210: Measure the speed of the conveyor belt and the surface height of the ore in real time.

[0046] Step 220: Based on the movement speed, the preset distance, and the internal response delay of the device, determine the focusing delay. The focusing delay is the remaining time after subtracting the internal response delay of the device from the conveyor belt transport time of the ore with the measured surface height from the laser ranging area to the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module detection area.

[0047] Step 230: Based on the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, focus the ore whose surface height has been measured, and perform laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection.

[0048] In this application, the conveying time of the ore with the measured surface height from the laser ranging area to the detection area of ​​the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module by the conveyor belt is defined as the focusing time of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam.

[0049] In this application, the conveyor belt speed refers to the linear travel speed of the ore conveyor belt during normal operation. In industrial production, this speed fluctuates or is subject to manual adjustment due to factors such as changes in operating conditions and material load. It is a core parameter determining the time it takes for the ore to be transported from the ranging area to the laser-induced breakdown spectrum area. The surface height of the ore refers to the vertical height value of various points on the ore surface. This type of ore has not undergone pretreatment such as leveling or pressing, resulting in an uneven and irregular surface. The laser ranging module can collect this data point by point, capturing the height difference on the ore surface. The preset distance refers to the straight-line distance along the ore transport direction between the working area of ​​the laser ranging module and the working area of ​​the downstream laser-induced breakdown spectrum module.

[0050] In this application, the internal response delay of the device is an inherent hardware parameter of the detection device. It refers to the inherent reaction time required for the system to process and transmit information and for the zoom system to achieve focusing action after the surface height of the ore is measured. It is calibrated during the equipment debugging stage and participates in the overall calculation of the focusing delay. The focusing delay refers to the time for the ore to be transported from the ranging area to the laser-induced breakdown spectrum area minus the internal response delay of the device. From a physical point of view, the zoom system needs to start the zoom action during the focusing delay and complete the detection of the ore after the surface height has been measured after the internal response delay of the device. This is a key timing parameter for achieving precise synchronization between hardware actions and material position.

[0051] In this application, the laser ranging region refers to the dedicated working area where the laser ranging module emits ranging lasers and completes the acquisition of ore surface height data; this region is located upstream of the entire detection process. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module detection region refers to the core working area where the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser emits detection lasers, excites ore plasma, and completes spectral signal acquisition; it is located downstream of the laser ranging region.

[0052] In this application, during device operation, the optical speed sensing module continuously performs non-contact speed measurement. This module relies on a periodic speed-measuring color mark on the rotating component, a laser surface diffuse reflection detector, and a photoelectric sensor to detect the periodic changes in light intensity caused by the rotation of the color mark. Combined with the geometric dimensions of the rotating component, it calculates the real-time speed of the conveyor belt. The entire speed measurement process does not involve mechanical contact with the conveyor equipment and does not interfere with the operation of the existing equipment. Simultaneously, the upstream laser ranging module continuously emits a ranging laser at a high sampling frequency. The beam is vertically projected onto the surface of the ore passing through the laser ranging area, collecting the surface height of different locations on the ore with millimeter-level accuracy. Furthermore, the scanning trajectory of the ranging laser and the impact trajectory of the downstream detection laser remain on the same straight line, ensuring that the detection points in the two areas correspond to each other. Speed ​​and height data are transmitted synchronously to the device's control circuit in real time, providing raw data for subsequent calculations and control.

[0053] In this application, after receiving real-time speed data, the control circuit retrieves the preset distance calibrated during equipment installation, divides the area spacing by the real-time speed of the conveyor belt, and calculates the conveying time for the ore to move from the laser ranging area to the detection area via the conveyor belt. Then, it subtracts the internal response delay calibrated before the equipment leaves the factory, and subtracts the two durations to obtain the final focusing delay. Therefore, the focusing delay plus the equipment's internal delay completely represents the entire time from when the ore, having completed height detection, enters the laser ranging area to when it moves to the detection area of ​​the laser-induced breakdown spectrum module. The focusing delay is dynamically updated according to changes in the conveyor belt speed, adapting to fluctuations in production line speed.

[0054] In this application, the control circuit sequentially binds the acquired ore surface height data with the calculated focusing delay. During the focusing delay waiting period, the internal zoom device operates, adjusting the lens spacing according to the corresponding ore height to change the focusing distance of the detection laser. Utilizing optical magnification, a wide range of focusing adjustments can be achieved with only small lens movements, effectively controlling the mechanism's volume. When the preset focusing delay ends, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module activates the zoom device and, after an internal response delay, focuses the detection laser on the corresponding ore surface. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser emits a high-energy pulsed laser that penetrates the ore surface, exciting stable high-temperature plasma. The spectral acquisition component simultaneously collects the characteristic spectrum of the plasma radiation, completing the spectral detection of a single point.

[0055] In this application, the real-time acquisition of the conveyor belt speed and the ore surface height is completed by a laser ranging module. Then, the focusing delay is dynamically calculated by combining the preset distance and the internal response delay of the hardware. Finally, automatic focusing and laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection are completed in sequence. By relying on non-contact optical speed measurement, it is possible to avoid adding mechanical transmission speed measuring components to the original ore conveying equipment, effectively reducing the degree of intervention of the detection system on the existing industrial production line and reducing the workload and cost of on-site modification.

[0056] In step 210 above, the real-time measurement of the conveyor belt's speed can be specifically performed according to steps 211 to 213 as follows: Step 211: A velocity transmission beam is emitted to the periodic velocity color mark on the rotating component through a laser surface diffuse reflection detector, and the diffuse reflection light reflected back by the periodic velocity color mark is received. The diffuse reflection light is used to reflect the color change period in the periodic velocity color mark.

[0057] Step 212: The color change period in the diffuse reflected light is converted into a pulsed electronic signal by a photoelectric sensing device.

[0058] Step 213: Determine the speed of the conveyor belt based on the period of the pulse electronic signal and the geometry of the rotating component.

[0059] In this application, the laser surface diffuse reflection detector is the core detection component of the optical velocity sensing module. It combines laser emission and light reception functions, adopts a non-contact working mode, and relies on optical sensing to capture external motion states without physical contact with the mechanical components of the conveying equipment. The rotating components refer to the rotating components of the ore conveying system itself, mostly rollers or drums that support and drive the conveyor belt. These are existing production facilities in the industrial site, and this solution will not change their shape, structure, or operating state.

[0060] In this application, the periodic speed measuring color mark is an identifier attached to the exposed surface of the rotating component. It consists of multiple colors arranged alternately according to a fixed pattern to create a periodic color change. This is merely a surface attachment treatment and does not affect the normal operation of the rotating component. The speed transmitting laser beam is a laser beam emitted by a laser surface diffuse reflection detector, serving as the signal carrier for optical detection and directionally illuminating the surface of the periodic speed measuring color mark. The diffuse reflection light is the reflected light scattered in all directions after the speed transmitting laser beam illuminates the periodic speed measuring color mark. Due to the different reflective characteristics of different color areas of the color mark, there will be significant differences in the intensity of the diffuse reflection light generated at different locations. The photoelectric sensing device is a functional component responsible for signal conversion. It can identify changes in the intensity of the diffuse reflection light and convert the periodic changes at the optical level into electronic signals that can be recognized and processed by the circuit.

[0061] In this application, during normal operation, the laser surface diffuse reflection detector continuously operates, emitting a velocity-transmitting laser beam to the periodic velocity measuring color mark on the surface of the rotating component. The rotating component rotates synchronously with the conveyor belt, and different colored areas on the periodic velocity measuring color mark sequentially pass through the laser-irradiated positions. Because different colored surfaces have different reflectivity to laser light, lighter-colored areas reflect more intense diffuse light, while darker-colored areas reflect less intense diffuse light. The laser surface diffuse reflection detector continuously receives these alternating intensities of diffuse reflected light. The frequency and interval of the diffuse light intensity fluctuations completely follow the rhythm of the periodic velocity measuring color mark's color switching, thus providing a direct and real-time representation of the color change cycle of the periodic velocity measuring color mark. The entire detection process is non-contact; the detector does not touch any structure of the rotating component or conveyor belt. This avoids altering the mechanical structure and operating status of the original ore conveying system and prevents wear and tear problems caused by long-term operation of mechanically contacting components, minimizing the impact of the detection equipment on existing industrial facilities from the source.

[0062] In this application, the diffuse reflected light collected by the laser surface diffuse reflectance detector is transmitted to the photoelectric sensing device in real time. This device has a high-sensitivity optical signal recognition capability, which can accurately capture the switching nodes of diffuse reflected light intensity from strong to weak or from weak to strong. Whenever the periodic speed measuring color mark completes a color switch, the intensity of the diffuse reflected light changes significantly, and the photoelectric sensing device synchronously generates a corresponding electrical pulse. As the rotating component continues to rotate, causing the periodic color of the periodic speed measuring color mark to change periodically, the photoelectric sensing device will continuously output a series of pulse electronic signals. The period of these signals perfectly matches the color change period of the color mark. This step completes the conversion of optical signals to electronic signals. The motion law that could only be identified by optical equipment is transformed into electronic data that the control circuit can directly read, analyze, and calculate, laying the data foundation for subsequent speed calculation. At the same time, the photoelectric sensing device has a fast response speed, which can adapt to the high-speed operation of the conveyor belt. Even if the color mark color switching frequency is high, there will be no problem of signal loss or conversion delay.

[0063] In this application, the period of the pulsed electronic signal represents the period of change in diffuse reflected light intensity detected when the rotating component drives the periodic speed measuring color mark. Based on this period value, the real-time rotational speed of the rotating component can be calculated first. Then, combined with the geometric dimensions of the rotating component that have been calibrated during equipment installation, and according to the correspondence between rotational speed and linear velocity, the real-time linear velocity of the rotating component is further calculated. Since the conveyor belt and the rotating component are synchronously linked, their linear velocities are exactly the same, and the final calculation result is the current speed of the conveyor belt. When the on-site production conditions change, and the conveyor belt accelerates or decelerates, the rotational speed of the rotating component will change synchronously, and the period of the pulsed electronic signal will shorten or lengthen accordingly. The system will recalculate in real time and continuously output accurate conveyor belt speed.

[0064] In this application, optical detection is carried out in a non-contact mode by using a laser surface diffuse reflection detector in conjunction with a periodic speed measuring color mark. This eliminates the need for mechanical structures, such as mechanical encoders, that require direct contact with the moving parts of the conveying equipment in traditional speed measurement schemes. It also eliminates the need for structural modifications to the existing rotating parts and conveyor belt system on site, thereby significantly reducing the degree of interference of the speed measurement module with the existing industrial process facilities.

[0065] In step 230 above, based on the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, the ore with the measured surface height is focused, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is performed. Specifically, this can be performed according to steps 231 to 232 as follows: Step 231: Determine the focusing distance of the laser beam for laser-induced breakdown spectrum based on the surface height of the ore.

[0066] Step 232: After the focusing delay, the zoom device is activated, and based on the focusing distance, after the internal response delay of the device, the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam is focused on the surface of the ore to perform laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection.

[0067] In this application, after the laser ranging module completes point-by-point acquisition of the ore surface height at the upstream position, it transmits the continuous height data sequence to the control unit. The ore on the conveyor belt in industrial sites is mostly untreated, raw ore with uneven surfaces and large particle size variations. The ore height varies significantly at different locations, and the corresponding laser focusing distance needs to be adjusted synchronously to ensure accurate focusing. The system converts each height value into a corresponding focusing distance, which is the target working distance that the laser beam needs to focus on, based on the pre-calibrated optical characteristics of the zoom device.

[0068] In this application, the focusing delay value is not a fixed preset value, but is dynamically updated according to the conveyor belt speed. When the conveyor belt speed increases, the time taken for the ore to move the same preset distance is shorter, and the focusing delay will be shortened accordingly. When the conveyor belt speed decreases, the focusing delay will be lengthened accordingly. The system calculates the focusing delay based on the time it takes for each ore to complete the height measurement, thus determining the accurate time when the corresponding ore reaches the laser detection position, which is the focusing moment when the zoom device needs to complete focusing. Please refer to [link / reference] for details. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a focus delay in one embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the delay between the time of the pulse for measuring the height of the ore surface output by the laser ranging module and the time of the LIBS laser pulse output by the control circuit is the focusing delay.

[0069] In this application, after the focusing delay ends, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module will activate the zoom device, so that the laser beam is focused on the surface of the ore after the internal response delay of the device. After the laser beam acts on the surface of the ore, it will instantly generate high-temperature plasma. The characteristic spectrum emitted by the plasma will be received by the spectral acquisition unit inside the module, completing a complete laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection.

[0070] In this application, the focusing distance is directly calculated from the surface height of the ore. This allows for precise matching of focusing parameters to each location of the ore to be inspected, eliminating the need for upstream ore leveling devices to standardize ore height. This reduces the need for modifications to existing industrial processes when deploying the inspection equipment. Furthermore, the point-to-point focusing method matches the tiny spot size of the laser beam, avoiding focusing deviations caused by average height estimation and improving focusing accuracy. By dynamically determining the focusing time through focusing delay, the laser emission timing can be adjusted according to the real-time speed of the conveyor belt, adapting to the complex conditions of fluctuating conveyor belt speeds in industrial settings. This improves upon the focusing delay misalignment problem of fixed-delay solutions in variable-speed scenarios, ensuring that the ore is precisely at the inspection position when the laser emits light, thus enhancing the stability and accuracy of the inspection results.

[0071] In step 231 above, the focusing distance of the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam is determined by the following formula (1): (1) in, This indicates the focal length of the negative lens in the zoom device; This indicates the focal length of the first positive lens in the zoom device; This indicates the focal length of the second positive lens in the zoom device; This indicates the distance between the negative lens and the first positive lens; This indicates the distance between the first positive lens and the second positive lens; This represents the distance from the second positive lens to the focal point of the laser beam in the laser-induced breakdown spectrum.

[0072] Please refer to the following in this application: Figure 1 The negative lens 113a, the first positive lens 113b, and the second positive lens 113c are arranged sequentially along the laser emission direction, and the distance between the negative lens 113a and the first positive lens 113b is determined by the surface height of the ore.

[0073] In this application, under the reference operating state of the device, the distance between the negative lens and the first positive lens is... The value is the sum of the absolute value of the negative lens's focal length and the focal length of the first positive lens. In this case, the negative lens and the first positive lens together form an afocal system. When a parallel beam is incident on this combination, it exits in a parallel state and then converges and focuses after passing through the second positive lens. At this point, the focusing distance of the entire system is exactly equal to the focal length of the second positive lens.

[0074] In this application, when the surface height of the ore on the conveyor belt fluctuates, the system needs to adjust the focusing distance accordingly to ensure that the focus always falls on the ore surface. This is achieved by simply driving the negative lens to move slightly along the optical axis, changing the distance between the negative lens and the first positive lens, and adjusting the focusing distance accordingly. Substituting the values ​​into the formula yields the corresponding focusing distance. Due to the combined optical effect of the three lenses, Even small changes in the focusing distance can lead to significant alterations, meaning the range of focusing distance adjustment exhibits a noticeable magnification effect relative to the movement of the negative lens. Under typical parameter configurations, the negative lens requires only a movement of a few millimeters to achieve a focusing distance adjustment range exceeding 180mm, with a magnification adjustment of approximately 15x, demonstrating the compact advantage of this optical structure.

[0075] In this application, during actual operation, after the control circuit acquires the height data of the ore surface, it first converts the height difference into a target value for the focusing distance, and then uses the formula to derive the corresponding value. The value is the target position that the negative lens needs to move to. Then, the drive mechanism moves the negative lens to the designated position, thus completing the precise adjustment of the focusing distance.

[0076] In this application, the focusing distance of the laser beam in the laser-induced breakdown spectrum is calculated using this quantitative formula, which establishes a precise correspondence between the lens spacing and the focusing distance. This provides a clear calculation basis for the focusing process of the zoom device, improves the accuracy and consistency of automatic focusing, and ensures that the laser beam can be stably focused on the undulating ore surface, maintains the uniformity of the plasma excitation state, reduces the fluctuation amplitude of spectral data, and eliminates the need to install an ore leveling device upstream of the production line to unify the ore height, thus reducing the intervention of the detection equipment deployment on the original production process.

[0077] Based on the technical solution proposed in this application, the conveyor belt speed is measured non-contactly using an optical speed sensing module. This avoids the need to install mechanical contact speed measuring components on existing conveyor equipment, eliminates the need to modify the on-site production line structure, and reduces the degree of interference of equipment deployment with the original production process. Simultaneously, the real-time acquired speed data can adapt to speed changes caused by fluctuations in conveyor belt operating conditions, avoiding the focusing time deviation that occurs in traditional fixed-delay solutions in variable-speed scenarios. The laser ranging module collects point-by-point height information on the ore surface, replacing the traditional area-average height sensing solution and providing a data foundation for subsequent automatic focusing. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module for automatic focusing is positioned downstream of the ranging module at a preset distance. Combined with the control circuit, the preset distance, real-time speed, and internal response delay are used to calculate the dynamic focusing delay, allowing the laser beam to complete the focusing action when the ore reaches the detection position. This achieves dynamic and precise focusing of the ore, ensures the stability of plasma excitation, effectively improves the average spectral intensity of on-site online detection, reduces the fluctuation amplitude of spectral data, and ensures the reliability and stability of the detection results.

[0078] Next, we will describe in detail the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device and method for ore on a conveyor belt proposed in this application, with reference to some specific embodiments.

[0079] Example 1: A semiconductor laser-pumped Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used as the LIBS laser, with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulse width of 8 ns, a repetition rate of 10 Hz, and a pulse energy of 70 mJ. The laser was focused onto the bauxite surface using a zoom device to excite plasma. The emitted plasma light was collected, focused, and coupled into a modular spectrometer to record the LIBS spectrum.

[0080] The focal lengths of the three lenses in the compact zoom system are as follows: , , , , The default value is 25mm, with a variation range of 23–35mm. (Calculated...) The range of variation is as follows Figure 3The value shown is 492.7–311.8 mm, within this range. Change relative to The average magnification of the change is 15.1.

[0081] To measure the height of an ore surface using a laser ranging module, a laser displacement sensor can be used. The specifications of this laser displacement sensor are as follows: Light source: Red semiconductor laser (wavelength 655nm), maximum output 1W; Measurement center and measurement range: Focused beam diameter: 0.5mm; Response time: 1.5ms (corresponding to a sampling rate of 666Hz); Output type: NPN or PNP; Weight: Approximately 85g (including cable).

[0082] The conveyor belt speed is determined by detecting periodic color changes on rotating components using a laser surface diffuse reflectance detector and a photoelectric sensor. The sensor specifications are as follows: detection distance 30–200 mm; minimum response time 0.5 ms (corresponding to a sampling rate of 2000 Hz); background light elimination; integrated high-frequency photoelectric switch.

[0083] A simulated ore conveyor belt was constructed in a laboratory environment, moving at a speed of 0.2 m / s. Different samples with varying surface morphologies were prepared, and spectra were collected during the movement, with 2500 single-shot LIBS spectra collected for each sample. The acquired spectra were averaged, and the standard deviation was calculated.

[0084] The results are shown in Table 1. The data in the table quantitatively demonstrate the impact of ore surface undulations on LIBS spectra and the effectiveness of autofocus.

[0085] Table 1. Comparison of the characteristics of aluminum, silicon, and iron main emission lines at fixed focal length and autofocus. As another embodiment of this application, a computer program product or computer program is also provided, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0086] As another embodiment of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided. This computer-readable storage medium may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device. The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0087] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device. (Reference) Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the structure of an electronic device according to one embodiment of this application. The electronic device includes one or more memories 404, one or more processors 402, and at least one computer program (program code) stored in the memories 404 and executable on the processors 402. When the processors 402 execute the computer program, they implement the method described above.

[0088] Among them, Figure 4 In this document, a bus architecture (represented by bus 400) is used. Bus 400 may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, linking various circuits including one or more processors represented by processor 402 and memory represented by memory 404. Bus 400 may also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. Bus interface 405 provides an interface between bus 400 and receiver 401 and transmitter 403. Receiver 401 and transmitter 403 may be the same element, i.e., a transceiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. Processor 402 is responsible for managing bus 400 and general processing, while memory 404 can be used to store data used by processor 402 during operation.

[0089] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium. Other examples and embodiments are within the scope and spirit of this application and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwired, or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the functional units may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit.

[0090] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0091] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. Similarly, the components of the control device may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0092] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drive, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0093] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection device for ore on a conveyor belt, characterized in that, The device includes: An optical speed sensing module is used to measure the speed of the conveyor belt. A laser ranging module is used to determine the surface height of the ore on the conveyor belt; The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module is located downstream of the conveyor belt movement direction of the laser ranging module and installed at a preset distance. It is used to focus the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam onto the surface of the ore whose surface height is measured after a focusing delay, based on the conveyor belt movement speed measured by the optical speed sensing module, and to perform laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection. The control circuit is used to determine the focusing delay based on the preset distance, the speed of the conveyor belt, and the internal response delay of the device, and to focus the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam on the surface of the ore at which the height is measured. The optical speed sensing module includes: a periodic speed measuring color mark, disposed on the rotating component of the conveyor belt, for providing an identification target for the laser surface diffuse reflection detector; a laser surface diffuse reflection detector, disposed non-contactly on the side of the rotating component, for emitting a speed-transmitting electric beam onto the periodic speed measuring color mark of the rotating component, and receiving the diffuse reflected light reflected back from the periodic speed measuring color mark; and a photoelectric sensing device for detecting the diffuse reflected light, outputting a corresponding pulse electronic signal, and determining the movement speed of the conveyor belt based on the period of the pulse electronic signal and the geometric dimensions of the rotating component.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module includes a zoom device and a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser, wherein... The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser is used to emit a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy laser beam; The zoom device is used to determine the focusing distance of the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam based on the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, and to focus the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam on the surface of the ore at which the height is measured after the focusing delay.

3. A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method for detecting ore on a conveyor belt, characterized in that, The method is applied to the apparatus as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, the method comprising: The movement speed of the conveyor belt and the surface height of the ore are measured in real time. Based on the movement speed, the preset distance, and the internal response delay of the device, the focusing delay is determined. The focusing delay is the remaining time after subtracting the internal response delay of the device from the conveyor belt transport time of the ore with the measured surface height from the laser ranging area to the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy module detection area. Based on the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, the ore with the measured surface height is focused, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is performed.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The real-time measurement of the conveyor belt's speed includes: A laser surface diffuse reflection detector emits a velocity-transmitting laser beam to the periodic velocity measuring color mark on the rotating component and receives the diffuse reflection light reflected back from the periodic velocity measuring color mark. The diffuse reflection light is used to reflect the color change period in the periodic velocity measuring color mark. The color change period in the diffuse reflected light is converted into a pulsed electronic signal by a photoelectric sensing device. The speed of the conveyor belt is determined based on the period of the pulsed electronic signal and the geometry of the rotating component.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of focusing the ore with the measured surface height based on the surface height of the ore and the focusing delay, and performing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection, includes: The focusing distance of the laser beam in the laser-induced breakdown spectrum is determined based on the surface height of the ore. After the focusing delay, the zoom device is activated, and based on the focusing distance, after the internal response delay of the device, the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam is focused on the surface of the ore to perform laser-induced breakdown spectrum detection.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The focusing distance of the laser beam in the laser-induced breakdown spectrum is determined by the following formula: in, This indicates the focal length of the negative lens in the zoom device; This indicates the focal length of the first positive lens in the zoom device; This indicates the focal length of the second positive lens in the zoom device; This indicates the distance between the negative lens and the first positive lens; This indicates the distance between the first positive lens and the second positive lens; This represents the distance from the second positive lens to the focal point of the laser beam in the laser-induced breakdown spectrum.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The negative lens, the first positive lens, and the second positive lens are arranged sequentially along the laser emission direction.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The distance between the negative lens and the first positive lens is determined by the surface height of the ore to ensure that the laser-induced breakdown spectrum laser beam is focused on the ore for which the surface height is determined.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein at least one piece of program code is stored in the one or more memories, and the at least one piece of program code is loaded and executed by the one or more processors to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 8.

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