A marine organism impact real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system and method

Abstract

The application relates to a real-time monitoring and self-adaptive mitigation system and method for marine biological influence, which comprises a modular reef unit, an environmental DNA monitoring module, a data management and communication unit and a self-adaptive mitigation strategy generation module. The modular reef unit is arranged on the side wall of a marine energy foundation structure and is made of an ecological friendly composite material and used for providing an attaching, spawning or shelter place for marine organisms. The environmental DNA monitoring module is connected with the modular reef unit and used for collecting and filtering water samples around the reef to capture biological DNA fragments in the water. The data management and communication unit is in data connection with the environmental DNA monitoring module and used for receiving and storing monitoring data and transmitting the monitoring data to a monitoring center. The self-adaptive mitigation strategy generation module is in data connection with the data management and communication unit and used for generating ecological mitigation strategy suggestions based on the monitoring results of the environmental DNA monitoring module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the interdisciplinary field of marine engineering and ecological restoration, specifically to a real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system and method for marine biological impacts. Background Technology

[0002] Energy is a vital necessity for ensuring the quality of life and strategic development in all countries, yet current energy supply still relies primarily on non-renewable energy sources such as oil and natural gas. Ocean energy, as a highly promising strategic resource, has attracted significant attention in the domestic and international energy sectors due to its substantial development potential, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. With the rapid development of ocean energy, the potential impacts of offshore wind power, tidal power, and other facilities on marine ecosystems are becoming increasingly prominent, including habitat fragmentation, obstructed biological migration, and noise and electromagnetic interference. Existing technologies often employ artificial reefs for ecological compensation; however, traditional reefs are mostly passive attachment bases, lacking directional ecological function design and quantitative evaluation mechanisms, making it difficult to achieve the "net ecological gain" target. Especially in floating foundation scenarios, traditional reef structures can easily affect system stability and fluid performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The first aspect of this application provides a real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts. This system has an adaptable structure, controllable functions, and measurable effects, which helps to achieve a technological leap from "passive compensation" to "active gain" and improve the ecological compatibility and sustainability of marine energy projects.

[0004] The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts provided in the first aspect of this application includes: Modular reef units, which are installed on the sidewalls of marine energy infrastructure, are made of eco-friendly composite materials and are used to provide attachment, spawning or refuge sites for marine organisms. An environmental DNA monitoring module is connected to the modular reef unit and is used to collect and filter water samples around the reef to capture biological DNA fragments in the water. A data management and communication unit is connected to the environmental DNA monitoring module. The data management and communication unit is used to receive, store monitoring data, and transmit the monitoring data to the monitoring center. An adaptive mitigation strategy generation module is connected to the data management and communication unit and is used to generate ecological mitigation strategy recommendations based on the monitoring results of the environmental DNA monitoring module.

[0005] In addition, the real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts provided in the first aspect of this application may also have the following additional technical features: In one alternative embodiment, the modular reef unit is internally provided with a biomimetic cavity array, which is connected to the external environment through a dual-scale three-dimensional porous structure; the eco-friendly composite material includes at least one of marine aggregate, modified geopolymer, and silicate cement in a pre-proportioned ratio.

[0006] In one alternative embodiment, the eco-friendly composite material comprises, by dry weight, 50-60% 52.5R silicate cement, 25-30% modified geopolymer, and 15-25% marine aggregate.

[0007] In one alternative approach, the biomimetic cavity array is parameterized based on fractal geometry principles, and the cavity aperture, depth-to-diameter ratio, and inner wall flow guiding structure of the biomimetic cavity array are optimized to match the body size and behavioral habits of the target fish.

[0008] In one alternative, the outer surface of the modular reef unit is provided with a biofilm induction layer, such that the surface energy of the modular reef unit is between 40 and 55 mN / m.

[0009] In one alternative, the modular reef unit is fixedly connected to the marine energy infrastructure via a connecting mechanism, which is a snap-on or bolt-type quick-connect device.

[0010] In one alternative embodiment, the environmental DNA monitoring module includes a micro water pump, a filter, a water quality sensor, and a unique identifier, and the environmental DNA monitoring module is capable of performing at least one of three sampling modes: timed, triggered, or remote command.

[0011] In one alternative, the data management and communication unit is connected to the monitoring center via wired and / or wireless means, the monitoring center including a wind farm central monitoring system and / or a cloud platform.

[0012] The second aspect of this application provides a method for real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation of marine biological impacts. This method employs the real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts provided in the first aspect. The method includes the following steps: At least one of the modular reef units is installed on the marine energy infrastructure; The environmental DNA monitoring module is activated, and water samples are automatically collected according to a preset program. The data management and communication unit transmits the collected data and device status information to the monitoring center. Biodiversity analysis is performed on the received monitoring data, and based on the analysis results, ecological mitigation strategy recommendations are output through the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module.

[0013] In one alternative approach, the proposed ecological mitigation strategy includes at least one of increasing or changing the type of the modular reef unit, adjusting the layout of the modular reef unit, and implementing auxiliary ecological restoration measures.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The marine biological impact real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system provided in the first aspect of this application includes modular reef units, an environmental DNA monitoring module, a data management and communication unit, and an adaptive mitigation strategy generation module. The environmental DNA monitoring module is used to collect and filter water samples around the reef, capturing biological DNA fragments in the water. Combined with the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module, it enables in-situ, continuous, and non-invasive monitoring of biodiversity in and around the reef, providing a scientific quantitative basis for ecological impact assessment. Furthermore, the modular reef units support various marine energy infrastructure structures, are flexible in installation, highly scalable, and facilitate large-scale application and customized deployment. The system integrates "monitoring-analysis-mitigation" decision-making functions, forming a complete adaptive management closed loop, significantly improving the proactive ecological governance capabilities of marine energy projects. The system's structure is adaptable, its functions are controllable, and its effects are measurable, helping to achieve a technological leap from "passive compensation" to "active gain," and enhancing the ecological compatibility and sustainability of marine energy projects.

[0015] Furthermore, the real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation method for marine biological impacts provided in the second aspect of this application adopts the real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts in the first aspect. Therefore, this method can also achieve a technological leap from "passive compensation" to "active gain", thereby improving the ecological compatibility and sustainability of marine energy projects.

[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of a modular reef unit in one specific embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of the composition of a real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for the impact of marine organisms.

[0018] Reference numerals: Modular reef unit 1, Environmental DNA monitoring module 2, Data management and communication unit 3, Adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4.

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other technical solutions obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0023] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" described in the embodiments of this application are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when it is mentioned that an element is connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element.

[0025] The inventors of this application, while conducting research on ecological impact assessment and ecological compensation technologies for marine energy systems, discovered that the defects pointed out in the background art are caused by the single function of traditional artificial reef structures and the lack of ecological adaptability and quantification mechanisms for their effects. Specifically, reefs in related technologies are mostly passive attachment substrates, only considering providing a physical attachment surface, without taking into account the behavioral habits of target organisms, habitat functional requirements, and real-time monitoring and feedback regulation of ecological effects. The reason for this lack of consideration may be that traditional reef designs are mostly based on experience, lacking systematic research on the relationship between material surface characteristics, internal structural morphology, and biological behavior. Furthermore, there is a lack of efficient, in-situ, and non-invasive biodiversity monitoring methods, making it difficult to achieve the "net ecological gain" target. Especially in dynamic environments such as floating foundations, traditional reefs may even have a negative impact on system stability.

[0026] In response, the first aspect of this application provides a real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts, which combines biomimetic structural design, intelligent environmental DNA monitoring, and modular deployment. Specifically, as... Figure 1-2 As shown, the system includes a modular reef unit 1, an environmental DNA monitoring module 2, a data management and communication unit 3, and an adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4. The modular reef unit 1 is installed on the sidewall of the marine energy infrastructure. It is made of eco-friendly composite materials and provides attachment, spawning, or refuge sites for marine organisms. The environmental DNA monitoring module 2 is connected to the modular reef unit 1 and is used to collect and filter water samples around the reef to capture biological DNA fragments. The data management and communication unit 3 is connected to the environmental DNA monitoring module 2 and is used to receive, store, and transmit monitoring data to the monitoring center. The adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4 is connected to the data management and communication unit 3 and is used to generate ecological mitigation strategy recommendations based on the monitoring results from the environmental DNA monitoring module 2.

[0027] The system operates as follows: Modular reef unit 1 first provides marine organisms with a complex and function-oriented habitat, attracting various organisms to attach and aggregate. Environmental DNA monitoring module 2, located near the reef unit, continuously or periodically collects water samples from the surrounding area. These samples carry DNA fragments released into the water from shed cells, mucus, excrement, and other substances from different species. These DNA fragments are enriched on a filter membrane through filtration, and subsequent laboratory analysis yields information on the species composition and relative abundance of the biological community. This process requires no direct capture or observation of organisms, causing minimal disturbance and harm, and is considered non-invasive monitoring.

[0028] Data management and communication unit 3 transmits the collected environmental DNA data and equipment status information back to the monitoring center. The adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4 then performs bioinformatics analysis on the data to identify trends in biodiversity changes, such as the emergence of pioneer species, the expansion of invasive species, or the absence of apex predators. When the analysis results show that the ecological indicators of the reef area deviate from the expected targets, this module can generate specific ecological mitigation strategy recommendations, such as adding specific types of reef units to supplement microhabitats, adjusting the spatial arrangement of reefs to improve local flow fields, or introducing auxiliary ecological restoration measures. In this way, the system dynamically adjusts the ecological compensation plan based on monitoring data, forming a continuous optimization cycle of "monitoring → assessment → intervention → remonitoring," avoiding the passive situation of traditional artificial reef deployment where the effects cannot be assessed and strategies cannot be adjusted.

[0029] It should be noted that the modular reef unit 1 can be cubic, cylindrical, hexagonal prism, or polyhedral in shape to adapt to the curved or planar installation requirements of different marine energy foundations. The internal structure of the reef unit can be designed as a drawer-type or stacked type for flexible combination in different water depths and flow field environments. During installation, temporary positioning can be achieved using pre-embedded parts, underwater adhesives, or magnetic adsorption devices, followed by fixation via connecting mechanisms. In addition to collecting water samples, the environmental DNA monitoring module 2 can integrate a flow meter, turbidity meter, and temperature sensor to simultaneously record environmental background parameters affecting DNA distribution, improving the reliability of data interpretation. In the data management and communication unit 3, underwater data transmission can preferentially utilize underwater acoustic communication or fiber optic communication. When the foundation structure has a portion above the water surface, data can be uploaded via wireless LAN or mobile communication networks. The adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4 can be built into the server of the monitoring center or partially deployed on edge computing devices to achieve rapid response to emergencies.

[0030] The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts in this embodiment includes a modular reef unit 1, an environmental DNA monitoring module 2, a data management and communication unit 3, and an adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4. The environmental DNA monitoring module 2 collects and filters water samples around the reef, capturing biological DNA fragments in the water. Combined with the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4, it enables in-situ, continuous, and non-invasive monitoring of biodiversity in and around the reef, providing a scientific quantitative basis for ecological impact assessment. Furthermore, the modular reef unit 1 supports various marine energy infrastructure structures, offering flexible installation, strong scalability, and ease of large-scale application and customized deployment. The system integrates "monitoring-analysis-mitigation" decision-making functions, forming a complete adaptive management closed loop, significantly enhancing the proactive ecological governance capabilities of marine energy projects. The system's structure is adaptable, its functions are controllable, and its effects are measurable, facilitating a technological leap from "passive compensation" to "active gain," and improving the ecological compatibility and sustainability of marine energy projects.

[0031] In one specific embodiment, the modular reef unit 1 is internally equipped with a biomimetic cavity array, which is connected to the external environment through a dual-scale three-dimensional porous structure. The eco-friendly composite material includes at least one of marine aggregate, modified geopolymer, and silicate cement in a pre-proportioned manner. Specifically, the biomimetic cavity array is parameterized based on fractal geometry principles, and the cavity aperture, depth-to-diameter ratio, and inner wall flow guiding structure of the biomimetic cavity array are optimized to match the body size and behavioral habits of the target fish.

[0032] This embodiment utilizes fractal geometry principles to generate a cavity array, creating extremely high spatial complexity and internal surface area within a limited reef unit volume. The self-similarity of fractal structures means that suitable concave angles, slits, and chambers exist at different observation scales, providing concealed burrows for larger fish and micro-habitats for small invertebrates and juvenile fish. The dual-scale three-dimensional porous structure refers to the simultaneous presence of pores of multiple sizes, such as macroscopic pores and microscopic pores of different sizes. Macroscopic pores allow water flow and individual organisms to freely enter and exit, maintaining sufficient dissolved oxygen exchange and removing metabolic waste; microscopic pores increase surface roughness, facilitating the initial attachment of microbial films and algae, thereby inducing the attachment and metamorphosis of large larvae.

[0033] Furthermore, the generation of biomimetic cavity arrays is not limited to strict mathematical fractals; it can also employ natural reef-like pore models based on random simulations, cast using 3D printed templates or sacrificial molds. Micropores in the dual-scale porous structure can be achieved by adding soluble pore-forming agents, introducing foam, or controlling aggregate particle size distribution. The inner wall flow-guiding structure can be continuous ribs, hemispherical pits, or inclined flow-guiding plates. In eco-friendly composite materials, marine aggregates can be washed and crushed shellfish waste such as oyster shells and scallop shells, or natural sea sand such as dredged sand and coral sand; modified geopolymers can be further improved using alkali-activated slag, fly ash, or metakaolin systems to reduce carbon emissions and provide a suitable pH surface. In addition, small amounts of bioactive substances, such as fishmeal and amino acids, can be incorporated into the composite material to provide initial chemical cues for attraction.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the eco-friendly composite material, by dry weight, comprises 50–60% 52.5R silicate cement, 25–30% modified geopolymer, and 15–25% marine aggregate. This mix design balances the mechanical strength, durability, and eco-friendliness of the reef unit.

[0035] Specifically, 52.5R silicate cement, as the main cementitious component, provides the reef with high early strength and structural density, ensuring that the unit is not easily damaged during hoisting, transportation, and water flow impact. Modified geopolymers can partially replace cement, reducing clinker usage and thus reducing total carbon dioxide emissions. The three-dimensional network gel structure of the geopolymer reaction products has better resistance to seawater sulfate erosion and chloride ion penetration, which helps extend the service life of the reef in the marine environment. In addition, the alkalinity of the hydrated geopolymer is relatively lower than that of the pure silicate cement system, providing a more suitable pH microenvironment for bioattachment and avoiding excessive alkalinity that inhibits the attachment of some sensitive larvae. The use of marine aggregates achieves on-site sourcing and waste resource utilization. The calcium carbonate component in the aggregates can also undergo a certain degree of interfacial reaction with the alkaline component of the geopolymer, enhancing the bonding between the aggregates and the cementitious matrix. The combination of these three components constructs a performance triangle of "high strength - high durability - high ecological compatibility" from the material source.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, a biofilm induction layer is provided on the outer surface of the modular reef unit 1, so that the surface energy of the modular reef unit 1 is between 40 and 55 mN / m, in order to promote the formation of a specific biofilm. Specifically, modular reef unit 1 is made of eco-friendly composite materials through an integrated molding process. The material, based on the total dry mass, contains 50-60% 52.5R silicate cement, 25-30% modified geopolymer, and 15-25% marine aggregate with a specific gradation. The unit has a dual-scale three-dimensional porous structure generated through parametric modeling. Its interior is equipped with a biomimetic cavity array based on fractal geometry principles, and the outer surface of the unit is treated with a biofilm inducing agent to form a biofilm induction layer with a surface energy between 40-55 mN / m. This scheme achieves a significant improvement in biofilm attachment efficiency and ecological function adaptability through the synergistic effect of material composition, multi-level porous structure, biomimetic cavities, and surface characteristics. It provides target marine organisms with precisely adapted spawning, brooding, and refuge sites, significantly improving biofilm attachment efficiency and ecological function adaptability, and realizing a transformation from passively providing attachment substrates to actively creating key habitats.

[0037] Research has found that many marine bacteria can form the most stable adhesion at interfaces with surface energies of approximately 40-55 mN / m. This is because surface energies within this range are neither too hydrophobic, repelling the hydration layer, nor too hydrophilic, leading to weak bonding. Bacteria first attach and secrete extracellular polymers, forming a biofilm substrate. This biofilm can mask the alkalinity of cement-based materials and release organic acids and signaling molecules during metabolism, thus providing chemical attraction and attachment anchors for larvae of larger organisms such as barnacles, oysters, and algae. Therefore, regulating the surface energy to this range essentially involves actively intervening in the succession direction of the microbial community in the early stages of reef deployment, accelerating the formation of an ecologically functional biofilm community. The biofilm induction layer can be applied to the reef surface by spraying or impregnation. The inducing agent can be a natural polymer such as sodium alginate, chitosan, or extracellular polysaccharides, or an inorganic-organic hybrid coating such as organosilanes or sol-gels, used to stabilize and regulate surface energy and slowly release nutrients.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, the modular reef unit 1 is fixedly connected to the marine energy foundation structure via a connecting mechanism. The connecting mechanism is a snap-on or bolt-on quick-connect device to achieve rapid and non-destructive installation and disassembly of the reef unit and the marine energy foundation structure. For example, the modular reef unit 1 can be cubic in shape, with dimensions of 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, and is connected to the corresponding snap-on fastener welded to the wind turbine foundation via a stainless steel slot pre-embedded in the unit.

[0039] The purpose of using snap-fit ​​or bolt-fit quick-connect devices is to adapt to the limitations of underwater construction environments and improve the maintainability of reef units. Underwater working windows are often short, and quick connections significantly reduce the operation time for divers or underwater robots, lowering installation costs and safety risks. The pre-embedded slots and pre-welded snaps have guiding and self-locking functions, requiring little or no tightening after insertion to secure the unit, and maintaining connection reliability even under repeated wave and current conditions. The rapid disassembly capability allows for the replacement of damaged reef units based on monitoring feedback, or the replacement of reef units in a specific area with functional units more suitable for the current biological community based on adaptive strategies, achieving dynamic optimization. Furthermore, setting the reef unit size to 50cm × 50cm × 50cm balances ease of transport and installation with the need for sufficient habitat volume. This size also allows for the use of small, work-class underwater robots for assisted installation, reducing the need for manual diving.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the environmental DNA monitoring module 2 includes a miniature water pump, a filter, a water quality sensor, and a unique identifier to achieve automatic collection and identification of biological DNA in the water. Furthermore, the environmental DNA monitoring module 2 is capable of at least one of three sampling modes: timed, triggered, or remotely commanded. The environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring module can be configured to automatically sample every two weeks, collecting approximately 10 liters of water each time. The filter membrane can be stored for several months and can be replaced manually or by an underwater robot. Additionally, the data can be transmitted to a central monitoring system via submarine cables or wireless networks.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, the data management and communication unit 3 is connected to the monitoring center via wired and / or wireless means. The monitoring center includes a wind farm central monitoring system and / or a cloud platform. The adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4, based on eDNA macrobarcode analysis results, identifies trends in biological community changes and can output strategy suggestions such as adding specific types of reefs, adjusting reef spatial layout, or introducing auxiliary restoration measures, achieving dynamic and adaptive ecological management. Based on eDNA monitoring data and biodiversity analysis results, the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4 dynamically generates and outputs ecological mitigation strategy suggestions, forming a closed-loop management system of "monitoring-assessment-mitigation." It can dynamically generate and output ecological mitigation strategy suggestions, such as adjusting reef configuration or implementing auxiliary restoration, based on real-time trends in biological community changes, enabling the system to possess adaptive ecological management capabilities and significantly improving the proactive ecological governance efficiency of marine energy projects.

[0042] Based on eDNA monitoring data, a closed-loop management system of "monitoring-assessment-mitigation" is formed through the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4. As can be seen from the above embodiments, the marine biological impact real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system of this application includes the following improvements: First, improvements are made to the structure of the modular reef unit 1. Based on fractal geometry and parametric modeling, a modular reef unit 1 with a dual-scale three-dimensional porous structure and a biomimetic cavity array is constructed. The cavity pore size, depth-to-diameter ratio, and inner wall flow guiding structure are optimized according to the body size and behavioral characteristics of the target fish, transforming it from a "passive attachment substrate" to an "active functional habitat." Second, functional regulation is carried out at the material level. An eco-friendly composite material composed of marine aggregates, modified geopolymers, and silicate cement is used, and a biofilm induction layer is set through surface energy regulation (40–55 mN / m) to promote the formation of specific biofilms and improve biological attachment efficiency and ecological adaptability. In addition, the environmental DNA monitoring module 2 integrates a micro water pump, filter and water quality sensor to realize the automatic collection and identification of biological DNA in water bodies. It supports multiple sampling modes such as timed, triggered or remote command, which solves the problems of strong invasiveness and poor continuity of traditional monitoring methods.

[0043] Furthermore, the data management and communication unit 3 enables remote transmission and processing of eDNA data. Combined with the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4, it dynamically outputs mitigation suggestions (such as adjusting reef type, layout, or implementing auxiliary restoration measures) based on biodiversity analysis results, forming a complete adaptive ecological management closed loop. The entire system represents a systematic and integrated innovation based on existing artificial reef and ecological monitoring technologies. It has made breakthrough improvements in four key areas: biomimetic structural design, material surface control, intelligent eDNA monitoring, and adaptive strategy generation, thereby achieving a technological leap from "passive compensation" to "active gain."

[0044] The second aspect of this application provides a method for real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation of marine biological impacts. This method employs the real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts provided in the first aspect. The method includes the following steps: At least one modular reef unit 1 is installed on the marine energy foundation structure; Activate environmental DNA monitoring module 2 and automatically collect water samples according to the preset program; The data collection and equipment status information are transmitted to the monitoring center through the data management and communication unit 3. Biodiversity analysis is performed on the received monitoring data. Based on the analysis results, ecological mitigation strategy recommendations are output through the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module 4. Specifically, the output ecological mitigation strategy recommendations include at least one of the following: increasing or changing the type of modular reef unit 1, adjusting the layout of modular reef unit 1, and implementing auxiliary ecological restoration measures.

[0045] The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation method for marine biological impacts provided in the second aspect of this application adopts the real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts in the first aspect. Therefore, this method can also achieve a technological leap from "passive compensation" to "active gain", thereby improving the ecological compatibility and sustainability of marine energy projects.

[0046] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for the impact of marine organisms, characterized in that, include: Modular reef units, which are installed on the sidewalls of marine energy infrastructure, are made of eco-friendly composite materials and are used to provide attachment, spawning or refuge sites for marine organisms. An environmental DNA monitoring module is connected to the modular reef unit and is used to collect and filter water samples around the reef to capture biological DNA fragments in the water. A data management and communication unit is connected to the environmental DNA monitoring module. The data management and communication unit is used to receive, store monitoring data, and transmit the monitoring data to the monitoring center. An adaptive mitigation strategy generation module is connected to the data management and communication unit and is used to generate ecological mitigation strategy recommendations based on the monitoring results of the environmental DNA monitoring module.

2. The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modular reef unit is equipped with a biomimetic cavity array inside, which is connected to the external environment through a dual-scale three-dimensional porous structure; the eco-friendly composite material includes at least one of marine aggregate, modified geopolymer and silicate cement in a preset ratio.

3. The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on dry weight, the eco-friendly composite material comprises 50-60% 52.5R silicate cement, 25-30% modified geopolymer, and 15-25% marine aggregate.

4. The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The biomimetic cavity array is parameterized based on the principle of fractal geometry, and the cavity aperture, depth-to-diameter ratio, and inner wall flow guiding structure of the biomimetic cavity array are optimized to match the body size and behavioral habits of the target fish.

5. The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The outer surface of the modular reef unit is provided with a biofilm induction layer so that the surface energy of the modular reef unit is between 40 and 55 mN / m.

6. The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The modular reef unit is fixedly connected to the marine energy infrastructure through a connecting mechanism, which is a snap-on or bolt-type quick-connect device.

7. The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to any one of claims 1-4 or 6, characterized in that, The environmental DNA monitoring module includes a micro water pump, a filter, a water quality sensor, and a unique identification code, and is capable of performing at least one of three sampling modes: timed, triggered, or remote command.

8. The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to any one of claims 1-4 or 6, characterized in that, The data management and communication unit is connected to the monitoring center via wired and / or wireless means. The monitoring center includes a wind farm central monitoring system and / or a cloud platform.

9. A method for real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation of marine biological impacts, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation system for marine biological impacts according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the method for real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation of marine biological impacts includes the following steps: At least one of the modular reef units is installed on the marine energy infrastructure; The environmental DNA monitoring module is activated, and water samples are automatically collected according to a preset program. The data management and communication unit transmits the collected data and device status information to the monitoring center. Biodiversity analysis is performed on the received monitoring data, and based on the analysis results, ecological mitigation strategy recommendations are output through the adaptive mitigation strategy generation module.

10. The method for real-time monitoring and adaptive mitigation of marine biological impacts according to claim 9, characterized in that, The proposed ecological mitigation strategies include at least one of the following: increasing or changing the type of the modular reef unit, adjusting the layout of the modular reef unit, and implementing auxiliary ecological restoration measures.

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