A phased array simultaneous receive multi-beam forming method and system

Abstract

This invention provides a method and system for simultaneous multi-beamforming using a phased array, belonging to the field of phased array technology. Addressing the problems of numerous hardware components, complex control, and high cost in existing simultaneous multi-beamforming methods, this invention proposes a "PS+TTD" architecture: Each antenna element is equipped with an adjustable phase shifter, and all adjustable phase shifters collectively provide a common phase difference for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning. The phase-shifted signal is divided into multiple paths and fed into delay lines corresponding to different receiving beams. These delay lines have a preset fixed length difference to provide a frequency-linearly related phase difference for beams pointing in different directions. Finally, the beams are synthesized by a beamforming network to simultaneously form multiple receiving beams. This invention decouples beam scanning and multi-beamforming, requiring only one set of phase shifters and one control system to simultaneously form multiple beams, significantly reducing the number of hardware components, simplifying the control system, and significantly lowering costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of phased array technology, and in particular to a method and system for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming in a phased array. Background Technology

[0002] Phased array radars, due to their advantages such as flexible beam pointing and fast scanning speed, have been widely used in military and civilian fields such as early warning detection and tracking guidance. In a phased array radar, each radiating element of the antenna array is connected to a phase shifter at its rear end. The beam control system controls the phase value of each phase shifter to adjust the phase of the aperture field of the antenna array, thereby forming a scanning beam with the desired direction.

[0003] Each element of a phased array radar antenna is connected to a phase shifter. The beam control system uses the phase shifters to perform phase control on each element to form the required scanning beam, such as... Figure 2 As shown; to ensure that the radar simultaneously meets the requirements of search efficiency, range, tracking accuracy, and resolution, phased array radars often adopt a "wide transmit, narrow receive" single-transmit, multiple-receive mode. During transmission, a wide beam covers the target airspace; during reception, multiple narrow beams are used simultaneously to receive the echo signals from the target airspace, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0004] The conventional method for receiving and simultaneously forming multiple beams in phased array radar is as follows: after amplification in each antenna element, the signal is split into multiple paths according to the number of beams. Each path is followed by a phase shifter. After phase shifting, each path is sent to the back-end beamforming network to form simultaneous multiple beams; for example... Figure 4 As shown, if N antenna elements are required to form M beams, since each beam has different requirements for the phase value of the elements, N×M phase shifters, N×M sets of hardware such as phase shifter peripheral circuits and power supplies are needed, and M sets of beam control systems are also required.

[0005] Therefore, it is evident that existing phased array radar simultaneous reception multi-beamforming methods have the following drawbacks: 1. Large number of hardware components: The number of phase shifters increases linearly with the product of the number of antenna elements and the number of simultaneous beams. When the number of beams is large, the size of the RF front-end hardware expands dramatically, resulting in a significant increase in system size, weight and power consumption.

[0006] 2. High control complexity: Multiple beam control systems are required to independently control a large number of phase shifters, resulting in a large number of control signals and making the design and implementation of the beam control system difficult.

[0007] 3. High system cost: As an active radio frequency device, the phase shifter has a high cost. In addition, the supporting peripheral circuits, power supply and control system make the cost of the entire multi-beam receiving system high, which limits its application on cost-sensitive platforms.

[0008] Therefore, how to simplify the hardware architecture for simultaneous reception of multiple beams, reduce control complexity and system cost while ensuring multi-beam coverage and performance is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a "PS+TTD" phased array simultaneous reception multi-beamforming technology. Its core lies in innovating the traditional hardware architecture of "each beam corresponding to a set of phase shifters" into an architecture of "one set of phase shifters for beam scanning and multiple sets of fixed delay lines for multi-beamforming".

[0010] This technology decouples the two functions of "beam scanning" and "multi-beamforming," and utilizes sinusoidal space theory to enable a single adjustable phase shifter to achieve overall scanning of all received beams. The fixed pointing differences between beams are achieved by a low-cost, hardware-based fixed delay line (TTD). This method fundamentally solves the problems of numerous hardware components, complex control, and high costs in existing technologies.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a method for simultaneous reception of multi-beamforming using a phased array, comprising the following steps: Each antenna element of the phased array antenna is equipped with an adjustable phase shifter; The signal received by each antenna element is input to the corresponding adjustable phase shifter. By controlling all adjustable phase shifters, a common phase difference is provided for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning. Each signal after phase shifting by the adjustable phase shifter is divided into multiple signals according to the number of beams to be formed simultaneously. Each signal after power division is input to a delay line corresponding to a different receiving beam. In order to form receiving beams with different directions, the delay lines corresponding to different receiving beams have a preset fixed length difference. Each signal passing through the delay line is input to the corresponding beamforming network to simultaneously form multiple receiving beams.

[0012] As a further solution, the step of controlling all adjustable phase shifters to provide a common phase difference for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning specifically includes: Calculate the required first phase difference between adjacent antenna elements based on the desired beam scanning direction; Each adjustable phase shifter is controlled to generate the first phase difference between adjacent antenna elements in the output signal of all antenna elements, thereby achieving overall synchronous scanning of all receiving beams.

[0013] As a further solution, the step of forming receiving beams with different orientations, and having a preset fixed length difference between the delay lines corresponding to the different receiving beams, specifically includes: In sinusoidal space, determine the fixed sinusoidal difference between the direction of the m-th receiving beam and the direction of the transmitting beam. ; The second phase difference required to achieve this receiving beam is calculated using the following formula. ; Based on the linear relationship between the second phase difference and the actual time delay, calculate the length difference required to be introduced for the delay line corresponding to the m-th receiving beam. ; Configure a set of delay lines for the m-th receiving beam, the set of delay lines having the length difference mentioned above. This causes the phase difference introduced by the delay line. With the second phase difference Equal, that is: .

[0014] As a further solution, the fixed length difference of the delay line The spacing d between adjacent antenna elements and the fixed sinusoidal difference value Satisfy linear relationship This ensures that, at any operating frequency, the direction of the m-th receiving beam relative to the direction of the transmitting beam remains at the fixed sinusoidal difference value. . As a further solution, the first phase difference is calculated using the following formula: in, Indicates the first phase difference. Indicates the beam scanning direction. The spacing between adjacent antenna elements. The operating wavelength; The second phase difference is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the second phase difference required for the m-th receiving beam. The spacing between adjacent antenna elements. For the operating wavelength, This represents the fixed sinusoidal difference in the direction of the m-th receiving beam relative to the direction of the transmitting beam.

[0015] As a further solution, steps to achieve multi-beamforming are also included, such as using a subarray structure: Divide multiple antenna elements into a subarray; Inside the subarray, an adjustable phase shifter is configured for each antenna element, and a fixed length difference between elements within the subarray is achieved using a first-stage delay line; The signals of each unit in the subarray are combined to form the subarray beam signal; A fixed length difference between subarrays is achieved using a second-stage delay line; All subarray beam signals are combined to form the final receiving beam; The fixed length difference between the units and the fixed length difference between the subarrays together constitute the preset fixed length difference of the delay lines corresponding to different receiving beams.

[0016] As a further solution, the fixed length difference between the units is ΔL, and the fixed length difference between the subarrays is N·ΔL; where N is the number of antenna units in a subarray, such that the delay line lengths of all antenna units are in an arithmetic sequence.

[0017] As a further solution, the solution also includes steps of isolating and low-noise amplifying the signal received by the antenna element, which are performed before the signal is input to the adjustable phase shifter; wherein the adjustable phase shifter is integrated into a multi-functional chip.

[0018] As a further solution, the beamforming network is a power divider and combiner network, used to combine multiple signals passing through delay lines into a single beam signal; wherein the delay lines are implemented through microstrip transmission lines or coaxial cables.

[0019] On the other hand, the present invention provides a phased array simultaneous reception multi-beamforming system for implementing a phased array simultaneous reception multi-beamforming method as described in any of the preceding claims, comprising: Multiple antenna elements are used to receive radio frequency signals; Multiple adjustable phase shifters, each connected to a corresponding antenna element, are used to provide a common phase difference for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning; Multiple power dividers, each connected to the output of an adjustable phase shifter, are used to divide a single signal into multiple signals according to the number of beams to be formed simultaneously. Multiple sets of delay lines, each set of delay lines corresponding to a receiving beam, one end of each delay line in each set of delay lines is connected to an output terminal of a power divider, the multiple sets of delay lines have a preset fixed length difference, used to provide a phase difference linearly related to the frequency for receiving beams of different directions; Multiple beamforming networks, each connected to all outputs of a set of delay lines, are used to combine multiple signals passing through the delay lines into a single received beam signal.

[0020] Compared with related technologies, the phased array simultaneous reception multi-beamforming method and system provided by the present invention have the following advantages: 1. This invention decouples the "beam scanning" and "multi-beamforming" functions by adopting a "PS+TTD" architecture: only one set of adjustable phase shifters is needed to achieve overall scanning of all beams, while the pointing differences between beams are achieved by the back-end fixed delay line (TTD); since the fixed delay line can be implemented using passive devices such as microstrip transmission lines or coaxial cables, its cost is much lower than that of active phase shifters; therefore, no matter how many beams are formed at the same time, the number of phase shifters is comparable to that of a traditional single-beam system, the hardware scale is greatly reduced, and the system complexity is significantly reduced.

[0021] 2. In this invention, multiple receiving beams share a single adjustable phase shifter, so only one beam control system is needed to complete the phase control of all beams; the multi-beamforming function is "hardware-ized" into the fixed delay line network, eliminating the need for real-time calculation and configuration of the phase values ​​of each beam; this not only greatly reduces the number of control signals, but also significantly simplifies the design of control software and algorithms, and reduces the implementation difficulty of the beam control system.

[0022] 3. The reduction in hardware quantity and control complexity brought about by this invention directly translates into a significant decrease in system cost. On the one hand, the number of phase shifters, one of the most expensive components in the RF front-end, is reduced from N×M to N, resulting in a significant cost reduction. On the other hand, the number of peripheral circuits, power modules, control chips, and other supporting hardware for the phase shifters is also reduced accordingly. Fixed delay lines are implemented using extremely low-cost transmission lines. Therefore, compared with existing technologies, the hardware cost of this invention is significantly reduced, and the more beams formed simultaneously, the more prominent the cost advantage becomes, demonstrating good economic efficiency and scalability.

[0023] 4. The frequency-dependent phase difference required for multi-beamforming in this invention is achieved through real time delay (TTD). Since TTD has good phase linearity in the frequency domain, the phase difference it introduces is linearly proportional to the frequency, enabling precise matching. The calculation formula describes the frequency-dependent characteristics; therefore, at any operating frequency, the pointing of each receiving beam remains stable, and the beam spacing remains unchanged, ensuring the beamforming performance and angle measurement accuracy of the system over a wide frequency range. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a phased array simultaneous reception multi-beamforming method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of beamforming in a phased array radar using existing technology; Figure 3 This refers to the existing "wide transmit, narrow receive" single transmit, multiple receive mode; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of multibeamforming in a conventional phased array radar using existing technology; Figure 5 Multi-beam coverage for the existing "wide transmit, narrow receive" mode; Figure 6 Multi-beam coverage for the "wide transmission, narrow reception" mode in sinusoidal space; Figure 7 A block diagram illustrating the "PS+TTD" multibeamforming technology provided by this invention; Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating a specific implementation of the "PS+TTD" simultaneous dual-beam reception method provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the two-stage delay lines and the total delay line after cascading in an embodiment of the present invention. The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0028] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array, including the following steps: Each antenna element of the phased array antenna is equipped with an adjustable phase shifter; The signal received by each antenna element is input to the corresponding adjustable phase shifter. By controlling all adjustable phase shifters, a common phase difference is provided for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning. Each signal after phase shifting by the adjustable phase shifter is divided into multiple signals according to the number of beams to be formed simultaneously. Each signal after power division is input to a delay line corresponding to a different receiving beam. In order to form receiving beams with different directions, the delay lines corresponding to different receiving beams have a preset fixed length difference. Each signal passing through the delay line is input to the corresponding beamforming network to simultaneously form multiple receiving beams.

[0029] It should be noted that the phased array simultaneous receiving multi-beamforming technology of this invention, by reinterpreting the requirements of multi-beamforming in sinusoidal space, employs "PS (phase shifter) + TTD (real time delay)" technology. While ensuring multi-beam coverage and performance, it significantly reduces the number of hardware components such as phase shifters, peripheral circuits, and power supplies, as well as control signals, greatly simplifying the beam control system. Regardless of the number of beams formed simultaneously, only one set of phase shifters and related hardware is required, effectively reducing the system's hardware cost. Furthermore, regardless of the number of beams formed, only one beam control system is needed to control the phase values ​​of one set of phase shifters, greatly reducing the number of system control signals and simplifying beam control system design.

[0030] Conventional multibeamforming methods: To fully utilize the transmitted beam energy and improve the data rate, multi-beam coverage in the "wide transmit, narrow receive" mode of phased array radar requires that each receiving beam be distributed at a certain interval within the range of the transmitted beam to cover its area. Multi-beam coverage methods include... Figure 5 The dashed lines represent the wide transmit beam, while the solid lines represent multiple narrow receive beams.

[0031] Based on the fundamental theory of phased array antenna beamforming, for a one-dimensional linear array with an element spacing of d, when the beam points to... At that time, the required phase difference between adjacent units is: (1) Taking the m-number receiving beam as an example, when the transmitting beam is normal ( The direction of the m receiving beam is... The required phase difference between receiving beam elements m is: (2) Because the beam "deforms" during scanning, when the transmitted beam scans to... At that time, in order to cover the transmitted beam, the directional difference between the m-th receiving beam and the transmitted beam will change, from the original... become ,See Figure 5 (b). At this time, the required phase difference between receiving beam elements m is: (3) As can be seen from formulas (2) and (3), the phase difference required for each receiving beam is different for different frequencies, different directions, and different beams.

[0032] Therefore, the method for simultaneous multi-beam reception used in conventional phased array radars is as follows: after amplification in each antenna element, the signal is split into M paths according to the number of beams. Each path is followed by a phase shifter. After phase shifting, each path is sent to the back-end beamforming network to form simultaneous multi-beam reception. Its block diagram is described above. Figure 4 .

[0033] Sine wave spatial multi-beam coverage: Based on the properties of sinusoidal space, beam scanning manifests as translation on its projection plane. In sinusoidal space, normal multi-beam coverage is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in (a), the multibeam coverage after scanning is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in (b). In the normal direction, the directions of the M receiving beams in sinusoidal space are... During scanning, the receiving beam is aligned with the transmitting beam in sinusoidal space. The difference is still .

[0034] "PS+TTD" multi-beamforming technology: This embodiment reinterprets the multi-beam coverage requirement and proposes a new "PS+TTD" multi-beamforming technology. After amplification of each antenna element, a phase shifter (PS) is connected. After phase shifting, the signal is split into M paths according to the number of beams. Each path passes through a delay line (TTD) and is then fed into the back-end beamforming network, forming simultaneous multi-beams. This multi-beamforming method requires only one set of adjustable phase shifters, and the delay line can be implemented using a fixed transmission line. Therefore, regardless of the number of beams formed simultaneously, only one control system is needed to control the phase value of one set of adjustable phase shifters. The block diagram of the beamforming method is shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0035] This technology decouples "beam scanning" from "multi-beamforming." The front-end phase shifter achieves overall beam scanning offset, shifting the overall beam by M positions to the receiving multi-beam pointing direction. Then, a delay line is used to achieve reception of multi-beam offset. The difference .

[0036] The received beam passes through a phase shifter after controlling the antenna elements, making the phase difference between the elements equal to... All receiving beams are pointed to . Calculations are performed based on different frequencies and directions.

[0037] Taking the m-th receiving beam as an example, according to equation (4), the phase shifter has already provided the first term in the equation. We still need to provide the second term, the phase difference. To direct the beam .in: (5) In formula (5) For fixed values, It exhibits an inversely linear relationship with wavelength and a direct linear relationship with frequency. This characteristic is highly consistent with that of "True Time Delay" (TTD). Therefore, it can be achieved using a delay line of a specific length.

[0038] For a free space length of The delay line introduces a phase difference of... (6) Its value is also linearly inversely proportional to wavelength and linearly proportional to frequency.

[0039] Therefore, when it is necessary to provide the array with a phase difference that varies with frequency When comparing formulas (5) and (6), a set of length differences can be used. The delay line makes It can guarantee beam deviation at any frequency and in any direction. The difference constant.

[0040] For the m-th receiving beam, use a set of adjustable phase shifters plus a set of length differences. The phase difference required for beamforming is achieved using delay lines. Other beams can also be achieved using the same set of adjustable phase shifters, while simultaneously introducing delay line groups with different length differences.

[0041] This embodiment requires only one phase shifter and one beam control system to simultaneously form multiple beams, achieving "multi-beamforming with a single phase shifter." This technology significantly reduces hardware and control costs, and the more beams there are, the more obvious the cost advantage becomes, exhibiting good scalability and economy.

[0042] Example 2 Please see Figure 7 This embodiment provides a phased array simultaneous reception multi-beamforming system for implementing a phased array simultaneous reception multi-beamforming method as described in any one of Embodiment 1, including: Multiple antenna elements are used to receive radio frequency signals; Multiple adjustable phase shifters, each connected to a corresponding antenna element, are used to provide a common phase difference for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning; Multiple power dividers, each connected to the output of an adjustable phase shifter, are used to divide a single signal into multiple signals according to the number of beams to be formed simultaneously. Multiple sets of delay lines, each set of delay lines corresponding to a receiving beam, one end of each delay line in each set of delay lines is connected to an output terminal of a power divider, the multiple sets of delay lines have a preset fixed length difference, used to provide a phase difference linearly related to the frequency for receiving beams of different directions; Multiple beamforming networks, each connected to all outputs of a set of delay lines, are used to combine multiple signals passing through the delay lines into a single received beam signal.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, a certain type of radar equipment adopts a "wide transmit, narrow receive" mode, using a single wide beam for transmission and simultaneous dual-beam coverage for reception. The receiving link using "PS+TTD" technology consists of 84 antenna elements, 21 subarrays, and 2 beamforming networks (beamforming network 1 and beamforming network 2), as follows. Figure 8 As shown.

[0044] To reduce system complexity, improve module reusability, and achieve system modularization, generalization, and standardization, we adopt a subarray design, where each subarray maintains consistent structure, telecommunication requirements, interfaces, and control signals.

[0045] 1. Main Implementation Methods for Receiving Dual-Beam Links (1) Every 4 antenna elements are connected to a subarray. The signal received by the antenna element is isolated and amplified, and then connected to an adjustable phase shifter for phase control according to the direction of the transmitted beam.

[0046] (2) The phase-shifted signal is divided into two by a “equal amplitude and equal phase” power divider according to the dual-beam requirement. The four signals in the subarray are then processed by a “equal amplitude and equal phase” 4:1 synthesizer to form the subarray beam output.

[0047] Taking beam 1 as an example, a delay line length difference is introduced between the four elements within the subarray. The delay line lengths of the four output signals of beam 1 are [0, ... , , The output of subarray beam 1 is synthesized by a 4:1 synthesizer.

[0048] (3) The subarray beams output by the 21 subarrays are then passed through delay lines of different lengths and then combined into a beam output by a 21-in-1 synthesis network.

[0049] Taking beam 1 as an example, we introduce the difference in delay line length between subarrays. Then the delay line lengths of the output signals of the 21 subarrays of beam 1 are [0, ... , ... The output is synthesized by the beamforming network 1.

[0050] (4) After the two-stage delay lines are cascaded, the delay difference of the signal received by each antenna element at the output port of the beam network is 1. It can achieve the pointing requirement of beam 1, such as... Figure 9 As shown.

[0051] Calculate according to pointing requirements ,choose This allows the beam to meet the pointing requirements.

[0052] Taking beam 1 as an example. After passing through the first-stage delay lines in 21 subarrays, the delay line lengths of the signals received by the 84 antenna elements are {[0, ..., ...} , , ],[0, , , ],……,[0, , , ]}, via the second-level delay line between subarrays [0, , ... After that, the total length of the delay lines traversed by the 84 received signals is [0, , ... The difference in delay line length between cells is ,like Figure 9 As shown in (a), beam 1 can meet the pointing requirements.

[0053] (5) Based on the beamforming method of beam 1, introduce into beam 2 The delay line makes beam 1 and beam 2 symmetrical about the normal, and beam 2 can meet the pointing requirements, see... Figure 9 As shown in (b).

[0054] (6) During scanning, only the adjustable phase shifter after each unit needs to be adjusted to achieve synchronous scanning of beam 1 and beam 2, which can ensure the coverage and performance of dual beams.

[0055] 2. Characteristics of receiving dual-beam links (1) The antenna unit has a BMA interface and the dual-beam link input interface also has a BMA interface.

[0056] (2) Each subarray adopts a standardized modular design, including 4 isolators, 4 low-noise amplifiers, 4 6-channel phase shifters, 4 1-to-2 power dividers, 2 sets of non-equal length delay lines and 2 4-to-1 combiners, with uniform mechanical performance and electrical interfaces. Each subarray provides 4 RF input interfaces (connecting antenna elements) and 2 RF output interfaces (outputting 2 subarray beam signals).

[0057] (3) The PS (phase shifter) in the subarray is integrated into the multi-functional chip.

[0058] (4) TTD within the subarray is implemented through microstrip transmission lines.

[0059] (5) Both beamforming networks (beam 1 and beam 2) are 21-in-1 microstrip power dividers. Each power divider integrates a sum and difference module to form the sum and difference output of the two beams.

[0060] (6) The TTD after the subarray is implemented by using microstrip transmission lines and coaxial cables.

[0061] (7) The TTD after the subarray is integrated on the input branches of the two beamforming networks.

[0062] (8) Two beamforming systems only require control of one set of phase shifters connected to the unit. Only one control system, one set of phase shifters, peripheral circuits, power supply and other hardware are needed.

[0063] Currently, this technology has been applied to a dual-beam system for simultaneous transmission and reception of a certain type of radar equipment. The product has been tested, finalized, and put into mass production, reducing the hardware cost and control complexity of beamforming to half of the original.

[0064] The above are only some embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Each antenna element of the phased array antenna is equipped with an adjustable phase shifter; The signal received by each antenna element is input to the corresponding adjustable phase shifter. By controlling all adjustable phase shifters, a common phase difference is provided for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning. Each signal after phase shifting by the adjustable phase shifter is divided into multiple signals according to the number of beams to be formed simultaneously. Each signal after power division is input to a delay line corresponding to a different receiving beam. In order to form receiving beams with different directions, the delay lines corresponding to different receiving beams have a preset fixed length difference. Each signal passing through the delay line is input to the corresponding beamforming network to simultaneously form multiple receiving beams.

2. The method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of providing a common phase difference for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning by controlling all adjustable phase shifters specifically includes: Calculate the required first phase difference between adjacent antenna elements based on the desired beam scanning direction; Each adjustable phase shifter is controlled to generate the first phase difference between adjacent antenna elements in the output signal of all antenna elements, thereby achieving overall synchronous scanning of all receiving beams.

3. The method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of forming receiving beams with different orientations, wherein the delay lines corresponding to different receiving beams have a preset fixed length difference, specifically includes: In sinusoidal space, determine the fixed sinusoidal difference between the direction of the m-th receiving beam and the direction of the transmitting beam. ; The second phase difference required to achieve this receiving beam is calculated using the following formula. ; Based on the linear relationship between the second phase difference and the actual time delay, calculate the length difference required to be introduced for the delay line corresponding to the m-th receiving beam. ; Configure a set of delay lines for the m-th receiving beam, the set of delay lines having the length difference mentioned above. This causes the phase difference introduced by the delay line. With the second phase difference Equal, that is: .

4. The method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed length difference of the delay line The spacing d between adjacent antenna elements and the fixed sinusoidal difference value Satisfy linear relationship This ensures that, at any operating frequency, the direction of the m-th receiving beam relative to the direction of the transmitting beam remains at the fixed sinusoidal difference value. .

5. The method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first phase difference is calculated using the following formula: in, Indicates the first phase difference. Indicates the beam scanning direction. The spacing between adjacent antenna elements. The operating wavelength; The second phase difference is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the second phase difference required for the m-th receiving beam. The spacing between adjacent antenna elements. For the operating wavelength, This represents the fixed sinusoidal difference in the direction of the m-th receiving beam relative to the direction of the transmitting beam.

6. The method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the step of using a subarray structure to achieve multi-beamforming: Divide multiple antenna elements into a subarray; Inside the subarray, an adjustable phase shifter is configured for each antenna element, and a fixed length difference between elements within the subarray is achieved using a first-stage delay line; The signals of each unit in the subarray are combined to form the subarray beam signal; A fixed length difference between subarrays is achieved using a second-stage delay line; All subarray beam signals are combined to form the final receiving beam; The fixed length difference between the units and the fixed length difference between the subarrays together constitute the preset fixed length difference of the delay lines corresponding to different receiving beams.

7. A method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fixed length difference between the units is ΔL, and the fixed length difference between the subarrays is N·ΔL; where N is the number of antenna units in a subarray, such that the delay line lengths of all antenna units are in an arithmetic sequence.

8. The method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the steps of isolating and low-noise amplifying the signal received by the antenna unit, which are performed before the signal is input to the adjustable phase shifter; wherein the adjustable phase shifter is integrated into a multi-functional chip.

9. A method for simultaneous reception of multiple beamforming waves using a phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beamforming network is a power divider and combiner network, used to combine multiple signals that have passed through delay lines into a single beam signal; wherein the delay lines are implemented through microstrip transmission lines or coaxial cables.

10. A phased array simultaneous receiving multi-beamforming system, used to implement the phased array simultaneous receiving multi-beamforming method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: Multiple antenna elements are used to receive radio frequency signals; Multiple adjustable phase shifters, each connected to a corresponding antenna element, are used to provide a common phase difference for all receiving beams to achieve overall beam scanning; Multiple power dividers, each connected to the output of an adjustable phase shifter, are used to divide a single signal into multiple signals according to the number of beams to be formed simultaneously. Multiple sets of delay lines, each set of delay lines corresponding to a receiving beam, one end of each delay line in each set of delay lines is connected to an output terminal of a power divider, the multiple sets of delay lines have a preset fixed length difference, used to provide a phase difference linearly related to the frequency for receiving beams of different directions; Multiple beamforming networks, each connected to all outputs of a set of delay lines, are used to combine multiple signals passing through the delay lines into a single received beam signal.

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