A method and system for calculating and controlling the opening degree of a flood discharge gate of a runoff hydropower station during flood season

Abstract

The application discloses a runoff type hydropower station flood discharge gate opening degree calculation and control method and system, relates to the technical field of hydropower engineering, and comprises the following steps: firstly, the water level rising rate early warning threshold is dynamically calculated according to the current reservoir area water level, the reservoir area warning water level and the reservoir area warning water level; when the reservoir area water level exceeds the warning water level, the emergency working condition is directly determined, and when the rising rate exceeds the early warning threshold, the early warning working condition is determined; in the abnormal working condition, the gate participating in flood discharge is determined according to the preset strategy; the average action duration of each gate from the current opening degree to the maximum allowable opening degree is determined according to the current running state of each gate; the total flood discharge demand flow is calculated based on the reservoir inflow, the warning water level and the average action duration; the total flow is distributed to each gate, and the opening degree of each gate is calculated in combination with the parameters of hydraulics; the opening degree control instruction is generated and sent, so that the rapid and accurate control of the runoff type hydropower station flood discharge in the flood season is realized, and the timeliness and engineering practicability of calculation are considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydropower engineering technology, specifically relating to a method and system for calculating and controlling the opening of flood discharge gates in run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season. It is particularly suitable for flood discharge scenarios in run-of-river hydropower stations with no regulation or weak daily regulation capacity during the flood season. Background Technology

[0002] Run-of-river hydropower stations refer to a type of hydropower station with a relatively small reservoir capacity and weak or no capacity to regulate natural water flow. Unlike hydropower stations with monthly regulation or larger reservoir capacities, run-of-river hydropower stations face unique challenges during the flood season: the upstream inflow increases rapidly, and the increased downstream discharge raises the tailrace level, further compressing the safe operating space of the hydropower station. Therefore, run-of-river hydropower stations place higher demands on the timeliness and precision of flood discharge control.

[0003] Currently, existing research and practices on the calculation and control of floodgate opening at hydropower stations are mostly based on the operational characteristics of hydropower stations with large reservoir capacity. Their operational methods, calculation logic, eigenvalue selection, and threshold determination differ significantly from the actual operational characteristics of run-of-river hydropower stations. Specifically, existing technologies have the following shortcomings: (1) In terms of operating condition judgment, existing methods usually only classify the water level in the reservoir area based on the absolute level, and fail to fully combine factors such as the dynamic changes in the inflow and the rate of water level rise for comprehensive prediction. This results in the operating condition judgment often lagging behind the actual hydrological situation in the scenario of small reservoir capacity and rapid water level changes in run-of-river hydropower stations, leaving insufficient emergency response time for operators. (2) In terms of floodgate opening calculation, existing methods mostly use complex hydrological and hydraulic numerical models or statistical models based on historical data, which require high real-time calculation capabilities and are difficult to meet the actual needs of run-of-river hydropower stations for short-term rapid response during the flood season. More importantly, when calculating the flood discharge demand flow, the existing opening calculation models often ignore the key factor of the action time required for the floodgate to actually execute the specified opening from receiving the control command, or simply use a fixed empirical value for rough substitution. In actual engineering, the action time required for different floodgates to reach the specified opening is different due to their current opening status and differences in the characteristics of the drive mechanism. This disconnect between the calculation model and the actual execution may cause the opening calculation results to fail to achieve the expected flood discharge effect in actual execution, or even cause the reservoir water level control to deviate from the safe range.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need for a new scheme for calculating and controlling the opening of floodgates that is specifically designed for the operating characteristics of run-of-river hydropower stations, can dynamically assess the development of operating conditions, and fully consider the actual execution process of the gates, so as to achieve rapid and precise control of the flood discharge gates and ensure the safe operation of run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for calculating and controlling the opening degree of flood discharge gates in run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season, in order to solve the problems of existing flood discharge gate opening degree monitoring schemes in run-of-river hydropower stations, where the judgment of operating conditions lags behind changes in hydrological conditions and / or the calculation ignores the actual gate action time, leading to a disconnect between calculation and execution.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, a method for calculating and controlling the opening of flood discharge gates in run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season is provided, including: Acquire real-time operating data of run-of-river hydropower stations, wherein the real-time operating data includes at least the current reservoir water level, current inflow, current reservoir water level rise rate, and current operating status of flood discharge gates during the flood season; Based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station, the water level rise rate warning threshold is dynamically calculated; When the current reservoir water level is greater than the reservoir warning water level, the current working condition is directly determined to be an emergency working condition. When the current reservoir water level is less than or equal to the reservoir warning water level and the current reservoir water level rise rate is greater than or equal to the water level rise rate warning threshold, the current working condition is determined to be a warning working condition. When it is determined that the current operating condition is an abnormal operating condition, at least one flood discharge gate for the flood season is determined to participate in this flood discharge according to the preset flood discharge strategy corresponding to the abnormal operating condition, wherein the abnormal operating condition refers to the emergency operating condition or the early warning operating condition. Based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, determine the average operating time for the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season to reach a specified opening from its current opening, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening. Based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning level, and the average action time, determine the total flood discharge demand to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition; The total flood discharge demand is allocated to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and the corresponding gate opening is calculated for each gate based on the allocation results and hydraulic characteristic parameters. For each gate, a corresponding opening control command is generated based on the corresponding gate opening degree, and the opening control command is sent to the corresponding gate actuator for execution.

[0007] Based on the above-mentioned invention, a new scheme for calculating and controlling the opening of gates is provided, specifically targeting the operating characteristics of run-of-river hydropower stations. This scheme dynamically assesses the development trend of operating conditions and fully considers the actual execution process of gates. Specifically, it first dynamically calculates the water level rise rate warning threshold based on the current reservoir water level, inflow, and reservoir warning water level. When the reservoir water level exceeds the warning water level, it is directly identified as an emergency condition; when the rise rate exceeds the warning threshold, it is identified as a warning condition. Under abnormal operating conditions, the gates participating in flood discharge are determined according to a preset strategy. The average action time for each gate to reach its maximum allowable opening from its current opening is determined based on its current operating status. The total flood discharge demand is calculated based on the inflow, warning water level, and average action time. The total flow is allocated to each gate, and the opening of each gate is calculated in conjunction with hydraulic parameters. An opening control command is generated and sent. Thus, by dynamically calculating the warning threshold and incorporating gate action time into the flood discharge demand calculation, rapid and accurate control of flood discharge during the flood season at run-of-river hydropower stations is achieved. This scheme balances the timeliness of calculations with engineering practicality, facilitating practical application and promotion.

[0008] In one possible design, based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station, a water level rise rate warning threshold is dynamically calculated, including: Based on the water level-storage capacity relationship curve of the run-of-river hydropower station, the current reservoir capacity corresponding to the current reservoir water level and the warning reservoir capacity corresponding to the warning water level of the reservoir area are obtained respectively. Based on the current storage capacity, the warning storage capacity, and the current inbound flow, the warning time is calculated according to the following formula. :

[0009] In the formula, This indicates the warning storage capacity. This indicates the current storage capacity. This indicates the current inbound flow. Indicates the preset safe duration; Divide the difference between the warning water level and the current water level in the reservoir area by the warning time. The calculation results are used as the early warning threshold for the rate of water level rise.

[0010] In one possible design, based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, the average operating time for the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season to reach a specified opening from its current opening is determined, including: For each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, the estimated operating time for the corresponding gate to reach a specified opening from its current opening is determined based on its current operating status, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening. Based on the estimated operating time of each gate, the average operating time of at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season is calculated using the following weighted average formula. :

[0011] In the formula, This represents the total number of floodgates, including at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season. and They represent less than or equal to positive integers, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each sluice gate. Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate unit opening discharge capacity. Indicates the first The estimated operating time of each gate.

[0012] In one possible design, the total flood discharge demand required to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition is determined based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning water level, and the average operating time, including: Based on the water level-storage capacity relationship curve of the run-of-river hydropower station, the warning storage capacity corresponding to the warning water level of the reservoir area is obtained; Based on the current inflow, the warning storage capacity, and the average operating time, the total flood discharge demand required to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition is calculated according to the following formula. :

[0013] In the formula, This indicates the current inbound flow. This indicates the warning storage capacity. This indicates the average action duration.

[0014] In one possible design, the total flood discharge demand is allocated to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and for each gate, the corresponding gate opening is calculated based on the allocation results and hydraulic characteristic parameters, including: Based on the flood discharge capacity index values ​​of each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, the total flood discharge demand is allocated to each gate according to the following formula:

[0015] In the formula, This represents the total number of floodgates, including at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season. and They represent less than or equal to positive integers, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate unit opening discharge capacity. This represents the total flood discharge demand flow rate. Indicates the first The flood discharge demand obtained from the allocation of each sluice gate; Obtain the first The following hydraulic characteristic parameters of the gate are: gate flow coefficient. Gate width and the water level difference between upstream and downstream of the sluice gate ; According to the first The flood discharge demand obtained from the allocation of each sluice gate Gate flow coefficient Gate width and the water level difference between upstream and downstream of the gate The first one is calculated according to the following formula. Gate opening of each gate :

[0016] In the formula, This indicates the gravitational acceleration of the area where the run-of-river hydropower station is located.

[0017] In one possible design, for each gate, a corresponding opening control command is generated based on the corresponding gate opening degree, including: For each gate, obtain the minimum allowable opening degree for the corresponding gate. and the maximum allowable opening And in combination with the corresponding gate opening The final gate opening is obtained by comparing the results using the following formula. :

[0018] In the formula, This represents the function that takes the maximum value. This represents a function that takes the minimum value. For each gate, based on the corresponding final gate opening... Generate the corresponding opening control command.

[0019] In one possible design, before, during, or after generating the opening control command, the method further includes: The health status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season is monitored, and a fault determination is performed based on the monitoring results, wherein the fault determination includes at least one of the following methods (A) and (B): (A) Determination of jamming fault: When the opening and closing pull force of any one of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season... satisfy And opening and closing speed satisfy At that time, it was determined that the gate had a jamming fault, among which, This indicates the maximum tension required for the gate to open and close normally. This represents the preset fault judgment coefficient; (B) Determination of asynchronous operation: When the left-side operating speed of any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season is... Speed ​​of movement on the right side The absolute value of the difference is greater than the preset speed difference warning value. When the gate is deemed to have an asynchronous operation fault; or, during the period from the start of operation to the stop of operation of any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season, when the left side of the gate operates at a certain speed... Speed ​​of movement on the right side The integral of the absolute value of the difference over time exceeds the preset cumulative travel difference warning value. If this occurs, it is determined that the gate has a malfunction of asynchronous operation; When it is determined that any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season has malfunctioned, an alarm is triggered and the gate is removed from the set of available gates, while a backup gate is activated to replace it.

[0020] In one possible design, after determining that any gate has failed and activating the backup gate to replace it, the method further includes a control strategy that is executed in a progressively degraded manner in the following order: Level 1: Activate the backup gates in a preset order to replace all gates identified as faulty; Level 2: If all floodgates have been put into operation in rotation, but the actual total discharge flow of the floodgates participating in the flood discharge is still insufficient to meet the total flood discharge demand, then the control of each gate will be automatically switched to the local programmable logic controller, so that the local programmable logic controller can independently control the gate opening according to the preset simplified logic. Level 3: If the actual total discharge flow still cannot meet the total flood discharge demand within the preset safe time after switching to the local programmable logic controller, the highest level alarm will be triggered, and the system will switch to mechanical emergency manual control mode, indicating that manual operation will be required on-site.

[0021] In one possible design, when it is determined that the current operating condition is a normal operating condition, the method further includes: Obtain the downstream ecological flow demand value of the run-of-river hydropower station; Determine whether the current outflow rate meets the downstream ecosystem flow demand value; If the downstream ecological flow demand is not met, the downstream ecological flow demand value will be used as the total flood discharge demand flow, and the gate opening will be calculated based on the total flood discharge demand flow to control the flood discharge gate to open to the degree that meets the downstream ecological flow demand value.

[0022] Secondly, a flood discharge gate opening calculation and control system for run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season is provided, including an operation data acquisition module, an early warning threshold calculation module, a current operating condition judgment module, a flood discharge gate determination module, an action duration estimation module, a flood discharge demand calculation module, a gate opening calculation module, and an instruction generation and sending module; The operation data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operation data of the run-of-river hydropower station. The real-time operation data includes at least the current reservoir water level, current inflow, current reservoir water level rise rate, and the current operation status of each flood discharge gate during the flood season. The warning threshold calculation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and is used to dynamically calculate the warning threshold for the rate of water level rise based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station. The current operating condition determination module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the early warning threshold calculation module, respectively. It is used to directly determine the current operating condition as an emergency operating condition when the current reservoir water level is greater than the reservoir warning water level, and to determine the current operating condition as an early warning operating condition when the current reservoir water level is less than or equal to the reservoir warning water level and the current reservoir water level rise rate is greater than or equal to the water level rise rate early warning threshold. The flood discharge gate determination module is communicatively connected to the current working condition discrimination module. When it is determined that the current working condition is in an abnormal working condition, it determines at least one flood discharge gate to participate in this flood discharge according to the preset flood discharge strategy corresponding to the abnormal working condition. The abnormal working condition refers to the emergency working condition or the early warning working condition. The action duration estimation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the flood discharge gate determination module, respectively, and is used to determine the average action duration of the at least one flood discharge gate from its current opening to a specified opening based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening. The flood discharge demand calculation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the action duration estimation module, respectively, and is used to determine the total flood discharge demand flow for removing the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning water level and the average action duration. The gate opening calculation module is communicatively connected to the flood discharge demand calculation module. It is used to allocate the total flood discharge demand flow to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and to calculate the corresponding gate opening for each gate based on the corresponding allocation result and hydraulic characteristic parameters. The instruction generation and sending module is communicatively connected to the gate opening calculation module. It is used to generate corresponding opening control instructions for each gate according to the corresponding gate opening, and send the opening control instructions to the corresponding gate actuator for execution.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the above scheme are: (1) This invention creatively provides a new scheme for calculating and controlling the opening of a run-of-river hydropower station, which is specifically designed for the operating characteristics of the station and can dynamically assess the development trend of the operating conditions and fully consider the actual execution process of the gates. Specifically, the system first dynamically calculates the water level rise rate warning threshold based on the current reservoir water level, inflow, and reservoir warning water level; when the reservoir water level exceeds the warning water level, it is directly determined as an emergency condition, and when the rise rate exceeds the warning threshold, it is determined as a warning condition; under abnormal operating conditions, the gates participating in flood discharge are determined according to the preset strategy; the average action time of each gate from its current opening to the maximum allowable opening is determined based on the current operating status of each gate; the total flood discharge demand flow is calculated based on the inflow, warning water level, and average action time; the total flow is allocated to each gate and the opening of each gate is calculated in combination with hydraulic parameters; and the opening control command is generated and sent. Thus, by dynamically calculating the warning threshold and incorporating the gate action time into the flood discharge demand calculation, the system achieves rapid and accurate control of flood discharge during the flood season of the run-of-river hydropower station, taking into account both the timeliness of the calculation and the practicality of the project. (2) By dynamically calculating the early warning threshold of the water level rise rate instead of using a fixed empirical value, it can adaptively reflect the comprehensive impact of the current reservoir capacity, the amount of inflow and the gate standby status on the urgency of the early warning, and realize the rapid and accurate classification of the flood season conditions of run-of-river hydropower stations, so as to gain valuable time for early intervention in flood discharge. (3) By directly incorporating the average action time of each gate from its current opening to the maximum allowable opening into the calculation of the total flood discharge demand, quantitative compensation for the time consumption of the gate execution process is realized, overcoming the problem of disconnect between calculation and execution caused by ignoring action time or only using fixed empirical values ​​in the existing technology, making the opening calculation results more consistent with the actual working conditions. (4) By adopting differentiated gate selection strategies under early warning and emergency conditions, flood discharge margin and reserve resources are reserved during early warning, and all flood discharge capacity is used during emergency, thus balancing safety and flexibility. (5) By introducing dual limit constraints of minimum opening and maximum opening before each gate generates opening control command, it is ensured that each gate always operates within the safe range allowed by its structure and properties, thus avoiding the risk of equipment damage caused by unreasonable opening commands. (6) By continuously monitoring the gate's opening and closing force, opening and closing speed, left and right side action speed difference and cumulative stroke difference throughout the flood discharge process, a quantitative judgment system covering jamming faults and asynchronous action faults has been established. It can automatically identify faults, alarm and start backup gates to replace them at the first time, realizing the upgrade of the ability from open-loop execution to closed-loop safety assurance throughout the entire process. (7) By constructing a three-level progressively degraded control link of “orderly rotation of backup gates → switching to local PLC independent control → switching to mechanical emergency manual operation”, the flood discharge function is seamlessly continued in multiple extreme scenarios such as single gate failure, multiple gate failures, and even centralized control system failure, which significantly improves the overall reliability and survivability of the system. (8) By organically embedding the ecological flow guarantee requirements into the working condition classification control framework, the flood discharge gate can automatically take into account the downstream ecological base flow guarantee under normal working conditions, thus achieving the synergistic consideration of the dual goals of flood control safety and ecological protection with the same set of methods. (9) The entire method can complete all calculations using only the existing data of the hydropower station monitoring system. There is no need to add complex sensors or rely on high-performance computing resources. The calculation output has clear physical meaning and operability, which is easy for engineers to understand and apply. It is suitable for the short-term and rapid decision-making needs of run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season and is easy to apply and promote. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the method for calculating and controlling the opening of flood discharge gates in run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flood discharge gate opening calculation and control system for a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the accompanying drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these embodiments without creative effort. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0028] It should be understood that although the terms "first" and "second", etc., may be used herein to describe various objects, these objects should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one object from another. For example, the first object may be referred to as the second object, and similarly, the second object may be referred to as the first object, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0029] It should be understood that the term "and / or" that may appear in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, or A and B exist simultaneously. Another example is A, B and / or C, which can mean that any one of A, B, and C or any combination thereof exists. The term " / and" that may appear in this document describes another relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone or A and B exist simultaneously. In addition, the character " / " that may appear in this document generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0030] Example like Figure 1As shown, the method for calculating and controlling the opening degree of flood discharge gates during the flood season of a run-of-river hydropower station provided in the first aspect of this embodiment can be executed, but is not limited to, by computer equipment with certain computing resources, such as a host computer server deployed in the central control room of the run-of-river hydropower station, a dedicated flood control scheduling calculation and control unit, or an industrial intelligent gateway with edge computing capabilities. The computer equipment is communicatively connected to the hydropower station's operation monitoring system to obtain real-time operating data from the system and issue opening degree control commands to the local control units or programmable logic controllers of each flood discharge gate. The computer equipment can also be communicatively connected to the hydropower station's unit power generation decision module to provide feedback on operating condition information to the unit power generation decision module under early warning or emergency conditions to assist in adjusting the unit output. Figure 1 As shown, the method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of the run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season includes, but is not limited to, the following steps S1 to S8.

[0031] S1. Obtain real-time operating data of the run-of-river hydropower station, wherein the real-time operating data includes at least the current reservoir water level, current inflow, current reservoir water level rise rate, and current operating status of each flood discharge gate during the flood season.

[0032] In step S1, the real-time operational data originates from the existing operational monitoring system of the run-of-river hydropower station. Specifically, the current reservoir water level can be acquired in real time using a water level gauge installed upstream of the dam, and the current inflow can be acquired in real time using a flow monitoring device installed at the upstream inflow section, or directly read from existing inflow monitoring data in the operational monitoring system. The current reservoir water level rise rate can be obtained by differential calculation of the time series data of the current reservoir water level using the operational monitoring system, for example, by performing a first-order difference on the water level values ​​at adjacent sampling times and dividing by the sampling time interval. The current operational status of each flood discharge gate during the flood season includes at least the current gate opening value, the gate opening / closing status (e.g., fully open, fully closed, or intermediate position), and whether the gate is in an operational and normal health state. This status information can be directly acquired from the local control unit of each gate or the operational monitoring system. It is understood that obtaining comprehensive and real-time operational data provides a data foundation for subsequent dynamic calculation of early warning thresholds and accurate assessment of gate operation duration, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of the entire calculation and control process.

[0033] S2. Based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station, dynamically calculate the water level rise rate warning threshold.

[0034] In step S2, the purpose of calculating the water level rise rate warning threshold is to provide a dynamic and quantitative benchmark that reflects the current hydrological situation and trend for subsequent operational condition assessment, rather than using a fixed empirical threshold. Specifically, the water level rise rate warning threshold is dynamically calculated based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station, including but not limited to the following steps S21 to S23.

[0035] S21. Based on the water level-storage capacity relationship curve of the run-of-river hydropower station, obtain the current reservoir capacity corresponding to the current reservoir water level and the warning reservoir capacity corresponding to the warning water level of the reservoir area.

[0036] In step S21, the water level-storage capacity relationship curve is obtained by measuring and modeling the reservoir area topography, and is used to describe the corresponding water storage capacity values ​​at different reservoir water level elevations. It should be noted that due to factors such as siltation, the water level-storage capacity relationship curve should be remeasured and corrected after a certain period of use to ensure its accuracy.

[0037] S22. Based on the current storage capacity, the warning storage capacity, and the current inbound flow, the warning time is calculated according to the following formula. :

[0038] In the formula, The warning storage capacity is indicated in cubic meters. This indicates the current storage capacity (unit: cubic meters). This indicates the current inflow rate (unit: cubic meters per second). Indicates the preset safe duration (unit: seconds).

[0039] In step S22, the warning time It represents the remaining time required for the reservoir water level to rise from the current level to the reservoir warning level, relying solely on the current inflow without additional flood discharge measures. This indicates the remaining flood storage capacity between the current reservoir capacity and the warning capacity. The safe duration... A preset time margin is defined, its value determined based on the flood control level of the run-of-river hydropower station and the time required for emergency drills. This time includes at least the transition time from the cessation of emergency inspections and related operations affecting the operation of the power station gates to the safe operation of the gates. Specifically, when the current operating status of each flood discharge gate during the flood season, as obtained from the operation monitoring system, is "operable" and "normal," it indicates that the gates are in a standby state ready to discharge floodwaters at any time. In this case, the safe time margin is... The value can be zero to make full use of the valuable early warning window.

[0040] S23. Divide the difference between the reservoir warning water level and the current reservoir water level by the warning time. The calculation results are used as the early warning threshold for the rate of water level rise.

[0041] In step S23, the water level rise rate warning threshold is equal to Therefore, the water level rise rate warning threshold is the critical rise rate at which the reservoir water level will just rise to the warning level within the remaining warning time. When the actual water level rise rate reaches or exceeds this threshold, it means that, according to the current trend, the reservoir water level will reach or exceed the warning level within the warning time, and a warning response needs to be initiated; conversely, if the actual water level rise rate is lower than this threshold, it indicates that the current water situation is still within a controllable range. The warning threshold obtained by dynamically calculating through the above steps can adaptively reflect the comprehensive impact of the current reservoir capacity, inflow volume, and gate standby status on the urgency of the warning, and has higher scientific validity and engineering practicality compared to a fixed threshold.

[0042] S3. When the current reservoir water level is greater than the reservoir warning water level, the current working condition is directly determined as an emergency working condition. When the current reservoir water level is less than or equal to the reservoir warning water level and the current reservoir water level rise rate is greater than or equal to the water level rise rate warning threshold, the current working condition is determined as a warning working condition.

[0043] In step S3, specifically, this step involves determining and classifying the current hydrological conditions of the run-of-river hydropower station based on the real-time data obtained in the preceding steps and the calculated early warning thresholds. Specifically, the determination and classification employs the following hierarchical judgment logic: First, determine whether the current water level in the reservoir area is greater than the warning water level in the reservoir area. When the current water level in the reservoir area is greater than the warning water level in the reservoir area, it indicates that the water level in the reservoir area has crossed the safety red line, and the hydropower station is facing direct safety risks such as dam overflow. At this time, there is no need to do trend analysis, and the current working condition is directly determined as an emergency working condition in order to reflect the principle of safety first. Secondly, when the current reservoir water level is less than or equal to the reservoir warning water level, it indicates that the reservoir water level has not yet exceeded the warning level, but the trend of water situation development needs to be further assessed. At this time, the current reservoir water level rise rate is compared with the water level rise rate warning threshold: if the current reservoir water level rise rate is greater than or equal to the water level rise rate warning threshold, it indicates that according to the current rise trend, the reservoir water level will reach or even exceed the warning water level within the warning time, and there is a risk of water situation deterioration. At this time, the current operating condition is determined to be a warning operating condition; conversely, if the current reservoir water level rise rate is less than the water level rise rate warning threshold, it indicates that the current water situation development is still within the controllable range, and normal operating conditions can be maintained.

[0044] In step S3, it is understood that this step, through a dual judgment mechanism of "direct classification upon water level exceeding the limit and early warning of trend exceeding the limit," achieves rapid and accurate classification of the flood season water conditions of run-of-river hydropower stations. This ensures immediate response in emergencies and, through the early warning mechanism, buys valuable time for early intervention in flood discharge, preventing the operating condition from deteriorating from a warning to an emergency. Furthermore, in practical applications, the judgment criteria for normal operating conditions, early warning conditions, and emergency operating conditions can be further adjusted based on the downstream water level of the hydropower station to avoid secondary risks such as unit vibration and obstruction of floodgate opening caused by downstream river water level backflow, further improving the accuracy and safety of operating condition judgment.

[0045] S4. When it is determined that the current operating condition is an abnormal operating condition, at least one flood discharge gate for this flood discharge is determined according to the preset flood discharge strategy corresponding to the abnormal operating condition, wherein the abnormal operating condition refers to the emergency operating condition or the early warning operating condition.

[0046] In step S4, the purpose is to differentiate the number and range of gates involved in flood discharge based on different operating condition levels, thereby achieving refined flood discharge control. The preset flood discharge strategy consists of gate activation rules specifically formulated for early warning and emergency operating conditions, including but not limited to the following: (1) When the abnormal working condition is a warning working condition, its control objective is to "release water in advance, reduce the water level in the reservoir area, and avoid the working condition from deteriorating into an emergency working condition". At this time, the water situation is still within the controllable range, and there is no need to use all the gate resources. Therefore, the preset flood discharge strategy is to select a preset number of gates from all flood discharge gates that are currently in operation and available during the flood season to participate in this flood discharge. The preset number can be preset according to the power station operation procedures, the total number of gates and historical experience. For example, one-third or one-half of the total number of available gates can be opened. Furthermore, a graded opening method can also be adopted, that is, the first batch of gates can be opened first, and after observing the trend of water level change in the reservoir area, it can be decided whether to open the subsequent batch of gates to achieve a gradual and controllable decrease in the water level in the reservoir area. (2) When the abnormal working condition is an emergency working condition, its control objective is to "reduce the reservoir water level as quickly as possible and eliminate the risk of dam overflow". Safety is the first priority at this time. Therefore, the preset flood discharge strategy is to select all flood discharge gates that are currently in operation and available during the flood season, and put them all into this flood discharge to maximize the flood discharge capacity and strive to reduce the reservoir water level to a safe range in the shortest possible time.

[0047] In step S4, it is understood that the "available" gate refers to a gate whose current operating status signal shows "operable" and "normal," excluding gates under maintenance, fault, or repair. After determining the participating gates, this step also transmits the list of selected gates and their current operating status information to subsequent steps for calculating the average operating time and allocating flood discharge flow. Through the above-mentioned differentiated selection strategy, this method can maintain a certain flood discharge margin and reserve resources under early warning conditions, while maximizing flood discharge capacity to ensure dam safety under emergency conditions, thus balancing safety and flexibility.

[0048] S5. Based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, determine the average operating time for the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season to reach a specified opening from its current opening, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening.

[0049] In step S5, the purpose is to provide a time parameter that conforms to the actual engineering conditions for the subsequent calculation of the total flood discharge demand. Since the at least one flood discharge gate determined in step S4 may include multiple gates, and the action time required for each gate to reach the maximum allowable opening is different due to differences in its current opening position and drive mechanism characteristics, a representative average action time is needed. Specifically, based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate, the average action time for the at least one flood discharge gate to reach the specified opening from its current opening is determined, including but not limited to the following steps S51 to S52.

[0050] S51. For each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, determine the estimated operating time for the corresponding gate to reach a specified opening from its current opening based on its current operating status, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening.

[0051] In step S51, the estimated action time can be calculated conventionally based on the current opening value of the corresponding gate, the maximum allowable opening value, and the opening and closing speed parameters of the corresponding gate drive mechanism. For example, for gates driven by hydraulic hoists, the calculation can be based on the transmission relationship between the piston movement speed of the hydraulic cylinder and the gate opening change; for gates driven by winch hoists, the calculation can be based on the drum speed, the wire rope winding radius, and the gate lifting height. The opening and closing speed parameters can be pre-stored in the operation monitoring system or the gate's technical file. Furthermore, using the maximum allowable opening as the specified opening to estimate the action time is a conservative engineering assumption, because in actual control, the calculated gate opening is usually less than or equal to the maximum opening, and the corresponding actual action time will not exceed the estimated action time, thus ensuring the timeliness of the flood discharge response; the maximum allowable opening can be differentiated for different gates and / or different operating conditions.

[0052] S52. Based on the estimated operating time of each gate, the average operating time of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season is calculated by weighted averaging according to the following formula. :

[0053] In the formula, This represents the total number of floodgates, including at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season. and They represent less than or equal to positive integers, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each sluice gate. Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate unit opening discharge capacity. Indicates the first The estimated operating time of each gate.

[0054] In step S52, the flood discharge capacity index value is used to characterize the discharge capacity of the corresponding gate under a unit opening degree, and is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate discharge capacity per unit opening degree. The gate flow coefficient is related to the gate type and opening degree, and can be obtained through hydraulic model tests or field calibration tests; the gate width is the physical width of the gate orifice; the gate discharge capacity per unit opening degree can be expressed as... ,in, This represents the gate flow coefficient. Indicates the width of the gate. This indicates the water level difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the sluice gate. This represents the gravitational acceleration of the area where the run-of-river hydropower station is located. Using the gate's unit opening discharge capacity as a flood discharge capacity index most comprehensively reflects the combined influence of the gate's flow coefficient, size, and head conditions on the discharge capacity, and is therefore the recommended preferred method.

[0055] In step S52, through the weighted average calculation described above, gates with larger discharge capacity will bear a greater flow contribution in the total flood discharge task, and their operating time will receive a higher weight in the average calculation, resulting in a higher final average operating time. This allows for a more accurate reflection of the time response characteristics of the entire gate group during actual flood discharge operations. It is understood that the average action time... This is the time parameter used in the subsequent step S6 to calculate the total flood discharge demand flow.

[0056] S6. Determine the total flood discharge demand for removing the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning water level, and the average action time.

[0057] In step S6, the purpose is to calculate, based on the principle of water balance, the total flood discharge flow required to lower the reservoir water level to a safe range within a specified time. The total flood discharge demand flow refers to the additional flow that needs to be discharged through the floodgates within the time window of the average operating duration, so that after the gates are in place, the reservoir water level can fall below the reservoir warning level, thereby removing the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition. Specifically, the total flood discharge demand flow required to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition is determined based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning level, and the average operating duration, including but not limited to the following steps S61 to S62.

[0058] S61. Based on the water level-storage capacity relationship curve of the run-of-river hydropower station, obtain the warning storage capacity corresponding to the warning water level of the reservoir area.

[0059] In step S61, the water level-storage capacity relationship curve is the same as the water level-storage capacity relationship curve in step S2. Therefore, the warning storage capacity already obtained in step S2 can be used here without recalculation. The warning storage capacity represents the upper limit of the reservoir storage capacity corresponding to the safety red line of the reservoir water level, and is the benchmark value for calculating the required freed-up storage space.

[0060] S62. Based on the current inflow, the warning storage capacity, and the average operating time, calculate the total flood discharge demand required to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition using the following formula. :

[0061] In the formula, This indicates the current inbound flow. This indicates the warning storage capacity. This indicates the average action duration.

[0062] In step S62, the physical meaning of the above formula can be interpreted as follows: in the average action duration During this period, the reservoir will continuously receive water from upstream, with a total inflow of [amount missing]. To ensure that the reservoir water level does not exceed the warning level after the operation, the reservoir's storage capacity at the time of the operation's completion should not exceed the warning capacity. Therefore, in The total amount of water that needs to be discharged through the floodgates during the specified period is ,in, This represents the current warehouse capacity. For practical engineering simplification, the formula is simplified using... The total flood discharge demand is obtained by representing the average flow rate corresponding to the reservoir capacity that needs to be freed up during the operation time. When the calculated result is positive, it indicates the flow rate that needs to be discharged through the floodgate; if the calculated result is zero or negative, it indicates that the current inflow is insufficient to raise the reservoir water level to the warning level within the operating time, and theoretically, no additional flood discharge is needed. However, in actual engineering projects, to ensure a safety margin, moderate discharge is usually still carried out according to the minimum opening or ecological flow requirements.

[0063] In step S6, it can be understood that this step involves measuring the average motion duration. By directly incorporating the total flood discharge demand into the calculation, quantitative compensation for the time consumed during gate operation is achieved, overcoming the calculation errors caused by ignoring action time or relying solely on fixed empirical values ​​in existing technologies. This will serve as the target value for flow allocation and gate opening calculation in subsequent step S7.

[0064] S7. Allocate the total flood discharge demand to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and calculate the corresponding gate opening for each gate based on the corresponding allocation results and hydraulic characteristic parameters.

[0065] In step S7, the purpose is to rationally allocate the total flood discharge demand calculated in step S6 to each gate participating in the flood discharge, and to calculate the required opening value of each gate based on the hydraulic characteristics of each gate. Specifically, the total flood discharge demand is allocated to each gate among the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season, and for each gate, the corresponding gate opening is calculated based on the corresponding allocation results and hydraulic characteristic parameters, including but not limited to the following steps S71 to S73.

[0066] S71. Based on the flood discharge capacity index value of each gate in the at least one flood season flood discharge gate, the total flood discharge demand flow is allocated to each gate according to the following formula:

[0067] In the formula, This represents the total number of floodgates, including at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season. and They represent less than or equal to positive integers, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate unit opening discharge capacity. This represents the total flood discharge demand flow rate. Indicates the first The flood discharge demand is obtained from the allocation of each sluice gate.

[0068] In step S71, the flood discharge capacity index value has already been obtained in step S52 and can be directly used here without needing to be obtained again. As mentioned above, the flood discharge capacity index value is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate unit opening discharge capacity. The gate unit opening discharge capacity is preferred because it most comprehensively reflects the actual flow capacity of the gate at a unit opening. As shown in the above formula, the flood discharge demand flow allocated to each gate is proportional to its flood discharge capacity index value. That is, the gate with the larger discharge capacity undertakes more flood discharge tasks, reflecting the principle of "the capable do more work" and facilitating the full utilization of the discharge potential of each gate. It can be verified that the sum of the flood discharge demand flows allocated to all gates equals the total flood discharge demand flow, satisfying the water balance constraint.

[0069] S72. Obtain the first... The following hydraulic characteristic parameters of the gate are: gate flow coefficient. Gate width and the water level difference between upstream and downstream of the gate .

[0070] In step S72, the gate flow coefficient With the first The gate type and opening degree of each gate are related and can be determined through hydraulic model tests or field calibration tests. Typically, the gate type and opening degree can be pre-established. The flow coefficient curves or lookup tables of each gate at different opening degrees are stored in the operation monitoring system. The gate width... For the first The physical width of the gate opening of each sluice gate can be obtained from the sluice gate design drawings or technical parameter files. The water level difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the sluice gate... For the first The difference between the water level in front of and behind the dam at each gate, i.e. ,in, For the first The water level upstream of each sluice gate in front of the dam, To be consistent with the first The downstream water level corresponding to each gate can be collected in real time from the operation monitoring system. It should be noted that for different gates, due to possible local differences in downstream outflow conditions, the downstream water level can be collected separately or approximated by a uniform downstream water level value.

[0071] S73. According to the aforementioned... The flood discharge demand obtained from the allocation of each sluice gate Gate flow coefficient Gate width and the water level difference between upstream and downstream of the gate The first one is calculated according to the following formula. Gate opening of each gate :

[0072] In the formula, This indicates the gravitational acceleration of the area where the run-of-river hydropower station is located.

[0073] In step S73, the gravitational acceleration is generally taken as 9.81 m / s². The above formula is derived from the gate outflow formula, and its physical meaning is clear: given the required discharge flow rate, flow coefficient, gate width, and water level difference, the required gate opening degree can be deduced. It is understandable that due to the gate flow coefficient... The degree of the gate opening itself In the initial calculation, an initial flow coefficient value (e.g., the flow coefficient corresponding to a medium gate opening) can be used for approximate calculation. Then, the flow coefficient is corrected based on the calculation results, and the calculation is iterated until the gate opening value converges. However, considering the timeliness requirements of run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season, and that the change in flow coefficient after gate opening adjustment is usually within the acceptable range for engineering, in the preferred embodiment, the flow coefficient corresponding to the maximum opening or commonly used opening range can be directly used for a single calculation without iteration. This achieves a reasonable balance between calculation accuracy and response speed, which is consistent with the design concept of this invention of "lower requirements for computing power".

[0074] Through the above sub-steps S71 to S73, this step S7 calculates the corresponding gate opening for each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, providing a direct basis for generating the opening control command in the subsequent step S8.

[0075] S8. For each gate, generate a corresponding opening control command based on the corresponding gate opening degree, and send the opening control command to the corresponding gate actuator for execution.

[0076] In step S8, the purpose is to convert the gate opening values ​​calculated in step S7 into standardized control commands that can be directly recognized and executed by the gate actuators. To ensure that the opening commands are within the safe operating range of the gates, preferably, for each gate, a corresponding opening control command is generated based on the corresponding gate opening, including but not limited to the following steps S81 to S82.

[0077] S81. For each gate, obtain the minimum allowable opening degree of the corresponding gate. and the maximum allowable opening And in combination with the corresponding gate opening The final gate opening is obtained by comparing the results using the following formula. :

[0078] In the formula, This represents the function that takes the maximum value. This represents the function that takes the minimum value.

[0079] In step S81, the minimum allowable opening... and the maximum allowable opening These are physical constraint values ​​determined based on the structural design parameters and operating procedures of each gate, provided by the gate manufacturer or formulated by the power plant based on long-term operating experience, and pre-stored in the operation monitoring system. The minimum allowable opening degree... The purpose of this setting is usually to prevent damage to the gate structure caused by unfavorable flow conditions such as vibration and cavitation when the gate is at a small opening; the maximum allowable opening... The purpose of setting these limits is usually to prevent the gate from opening beyond its designed stroke, which could damage the mechanical limit switch of the opening and closing mechanism. Different gates may have different minimum and maximum opening limits due to differences in specifications, installation location, and operating history, and these limits need to be obtained separately.

[0080] In step S81, the above formula means: first, calculate the opening degree. With the minimum allowable opening Compare the two values ​​and take the larger one to ensure that the opening is not lower than the lower limit; then compare this result with the maximum allowable opening. The smaller of the two values ​​is compared to ensure that the opening does not exceed the upper limit. Through this dual limiting process, the final gate opening is... Always constrained Within the safe range. For example, when calculating the opening degree. Smaller than the minimum allowable opening In situations where only a small amount of flood discharge is required or ecological flow needs are met, the final gate opening will be limited to [a certain value]. To ensure that the gate operates within a safe opening range; when calculating the opening... Greater than the maximum allowable opening In situations such as emergency situations requiring significant flood discharge but where the gates have reached their physical limits, the final gate opening will be limited to [a certain value]. To protect the gate's mechanical structure from damage; when calculating the opening... When the gate opening is between the minimum and maximum allowable opening, the final gate opening is the calculated opening itself.

[0081] S82. For each gate, according to the corresponding final gate opening degree Generate the corresponding opening control command.

[0082] In step S82, the format and communication protocol of the opening control command should be compatible with the gate actuator, and can typically be transmitted through the existing local control network of the hydropower station (such as industrial Ethernet, fieldbus, etc.). Upon receiving the opening control command, the gate actuator drives the gate hoist to move the gate from its current opening position to the target position corresponding to the final gate opening. During execution, the operation monitoring system continuously collects real-time opening feedback signals from the gate, forming a closed-loop control to ensure accurate gate positioning.

[0083] In step S8, it is understood that by introducing opening constraint processing before generating control commands, this step ensures that each floodgate always operates within the safe opening range allowed by its structure and properties, thus avoiding damage to the gate equipment or operational safety accidents caused by unreasonable opening commands. This reflects the comprehensive concern of this invention for the operational safety of the floodgate itself. Thus, the floodgate opening calculation and control method for run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season, provided in the first aspect of this embodiment, completes a full closed loop from data acquisition and operating condition identification to opening calculation and command execution.

[0084] Therefore, based on the method for calculating and controlling the opening of flood discharge gates during the flood season of run-of-river hydropower stations described in steps S1 to S8 above, a new scheme for calculating and controlling the opening is provided, specifically tailored to the operating characteristics of run-of-river hydropower stations. This scheme can dynamically assess the development trend of operating conditions and fully consider the actual execution process of the gates. Specifically, it first dynamically calculates the water level rise rate warning threshold based on the current reservoir water level, inflow, and reservoir warning water level; when the reservoir water level exceeds the warning water level, it is directly determined as an emergency condition; when the rise rate exceeds the warning threshold, it is determined as a warning condition; under abnormal operating conditions, a preset strategy is applied. The system identifies the gates involved in flood discharge; determines the average time it takes for each gate to reach its maximum allowable opening based on its current operating status; calculates the total flood discharge demand based on the inflow, warning water level, and average operating time; allocates the total flow to each gate and calculates the opening of each gate in conjunction with hydraulic parameters; and generates and sends opening control commands. By dynamically calculating the warning threshold and incorporating gate operating time into the flood discharge demand calculation, the system achieves rapid and precise control of flood discharge during the flood season at run-of-river hydropower stations. This approach balances the timeliness of calculations with engineering practicality, facilitating practical application and promotion.

[0085] Based on the technical solution of the first aspect mentioned above, this embodiment also provides a possible design for ensuring the safe execution of gate opening control. That is, before, during or after generating the opening control command, the method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps S911 to S912.

[0086] S911. Monitor the health status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season and perform fault determination based on the monitoring results, wherein the fault determination includes at least one of the following methods (A) and (B).

[0087] (A) Determination of jamming fault: When the opening and closing pull force of any one of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season... satisfy And opening and closing speed satisfy At that time, it was determined that the gate had a jamming fault, among which, This indicates the maximum tension required for the gate to open and close normally. This represents the preset fault judgment coefficient.

[0088] In the step of determining the jamming fault, the opening and closing pull of any gate The opening and closing speed of any gate can be acquired in real time by a tension sensor installed in the gate opening and closing mechanism (such as the piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder or the wire rope connection of a winch). The maximum tensile force of any gate during normal opening and closing can be calculated by differentially analyzing the displacement time series data collected by displacement sensors installed on the gate body or opening and closing mechanism. The rated working tensile force upper limit is determined based on the gate design parameters (such as gate body weight, water pressure load, and friction coefficient), and can be obtained from the gate technical file and pre-stored in the operation monitoring system. The fault judgment coefficient... A preset coefficient greater than 1 is used, with a preferred value of 1.05. This means that a reasonable fluctuation margin of 5% is allowed for the opening and closing force on the basis of normal operation. When the opening and closing force exceeds this margin and the gate does not move, it indicates that the gate is experiencing abnormal resistance that cannot be overcome, which is consistent with the typical characteristics of jamming faults, rather than normal short-term overload or slow creep. By combining the dual conditions of force and speed, it is possible to effectively distinguish between true jamming faults and instantaneous load fluctuations or normal pauses during the opening and closing process, thus improving the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

[0089] (B) Determination of asynchronous operation: When the left-side operating speed of any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season is... Speed ​​of movement on the right side The absolute value of the difference is greater than the preset speed difference warning value. When the gate is deemed to have an asynchronous operation fault; or, during the period from the start of operation to the stop of operation of any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season, when the left side of the gate operates at a certain speed... Speed ​​of movement on the right side The integral of the absolute value of the difference over time exceeds the preset cumulative travel difference warning value. If this occurs, it is determined that the gate has a malfunction of asynchronous operation.

[0090] In the step of determining the asynchronous operation fault, the floodgate is typically opened and closed using a synchronous drive method employing hydraulic hoists on both sides or winches on both sides. The left side's operating speed... and the speed of the right-side movement The velocity difference warning value is monitored by displacement sensors installed on the left and right sides of the gate, with the reference direction being from top to bottom according to the river flow velocity direction. The threshold value for instantaneous velocity difference is a preset threshold. In the calculation of flood season for run-of-river hydropower stations, it is generally taken as 1 cm / s. When the instantaneous velocity difference between the left and right sides exceeds this threshold, it indicates that there is obvious synchronization misalignment of the drive mechanisms on both sides, which may cause the gate to tilt or jam, and it must be immediately identified as a fault.

[0091] In the step of determining the asynchronous operation fault, considering that brief instantaneous speed fluctuations may be caused by sensor noise or local flow disturbances, this step also introduces an integral criterion of the cumulative stroke difference as a supplement: at the moment the gate starts operating... Until the moment of stopping the action Throughout the entire motion period, the absolute value of the speed difference between the left and right sides is integrated over time to obtain the cumulative travel difference for that motion process; when this cumulative travel difference exceeds the preset cumulative travel difference warning value... This indicates that although the instantaneous velocity difference may not have continuously exceeded the limit, the cumulative displacement on both sides has already produced a non-negligible deviation. In the flood season calculations for run-of-river hydropower stations, The value is typically taken as 3 centimeters. Thus, by monitoring the two dimensions of "instantaneous speed difference" and "cumulative travel difference" in parallel, it can not only respond quickly when synchronization misalignment occurs, but also tolerate small instantaneous fluctuations and capture the trend of continuously deteriorating deviation, thereby achieving a comprehensive and reliable judgment of gate asynchrony faults.

[0092] S912. When it is determined that any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season has malfunctioned, an alarm is triggered and the gate is removed from the set of available gates, while a backup gate is activated to replace it.

[0093] In step S912, when a gate malfunctions as determined by any of the methods in step S911, the system immediately triggers an alarm. This alarm may include, but is not limited to, displaying an audible and visual alarm on the monitoring interface of the hydropower station's central control room, sending SMS messages or mobile application push notifications to on-duty personnel, etc., to remind relevant personnel to promptly grasp the fault situation. Simultaneously, the faulty gate is removed from the set of currently available gates, meaning it will no longer be included in the candidate range for flood discharge in subsequent flood control logic, avoiding the issuance of invalid commands that may not be executable. Furthermore, backup gates are automatically activated according to a preset gate rotation sequence for functional replacement. These backup gates refer to the remaining gates that were not selected in the first batch of flood discharge participants in step S4 and are in a healthy standby state. Through this handling process, a seamless switch to backup resources can be achieved when a single gate malfunctions, ensuring that the continuity of flood discharge function is not interrupted due to individual equipment failures.

[0094] Based on the above possible design one, by continuously monitoring the health status of the flood discharge gate throughout the entire process of flood discharge gate opening control, a quantitative judgment system covering jamming faults and asynchronous operation faults has been established. It can automatically identify, alarm and activate the backup gate to replace it at the first time the fault occurs, realizing the capability upgrade from "calculation and open-loop execution" to "closed-loop safety guarantee throughout the process", which significantly improves the safety and reliability of flood discharge operation of run-of-river hydropower stations during the flood season.

[0095] Based on the aforementioned possible design one technical solution, this embodiment also provides a possible design two for ensuring uninterrupted flood discharge control under extreme faults. That is, after determining that any gate has failed and activating the backup gate for replacement, the method further includes a control strategy that is executed in a step-by-step manner in the following order.

[0096] Level 1: Activate the backup gates in a preset order to replace all gates identified as faulty.

[0097] In the first-level control strategy, the preset sequence refers to a rotation priority sequence predetermined based on the number, installation location, discharge capacity, or power plant operation procedures of each standby gate. For example, gates can be activated sequentially from smallest to largest number, or standby gates adjacent to the faulty gate can be activated first to maintain the symmetry of the flood discharge flow, or standby gates with larger discharge capacity can be activated first to quickly fill the flood discharge gap. When any gate is determined to be faulty in step S911 and removed from the set of available gates in step S912, the system automatically selects the next standby gate in a healthy standby state according to the preset sequence, activates it, and includes it in the set of gates participating in flood discharge. If the standby gate is also determined to be faulty in subsequent operation, the rotation continues sequentially to the next standby gate, until all flood discharge gates are rotated into operation. Through this orderly rotation mechanism, the limited gate resources of the hydropower station can be utilized to the maximum extent, maintaining flood discharge capacity even in complex scenarios where one or more gates fail successively.

[0098] Level 2: If all floodgates have been put into operation in rotation, but the actual total discharge flow of the floodgates participating in the flood discharge is still insufficient to meet the total flood discharge demand, then the control of each gate will be automatically switched to the local programmable logic controller, so that the local programmable logic controller can independently control the gate opening according to the preset simplified logic.

[0099] In the second-level control strategy, when all floodgates (including the original main gates and all backup gates) are engaged in flood discharge, but the actual total discharge flow still cannot reach the total flood discharge demand, it indicates that it may be impossible to compensate for the flood discharge capacity gap by increasing the number of gates. Furthermore, the centralized upper-level control may fail to issue control commands in a timely and accurate manner due to communication delays, limited computing resources, or localized failures. In this case, the system automatically switches the control of each gate from the centralized upper-level controller to the local programmable logic controller (PLC) of each gate. The local PLC independently controls the gate opening according to preset simplified logic. The preset simplified logic can be, for example, maintaining the current opening to preserve existing flood discharge capacity, increasing the opening by a preset ratio based on locally collected water level feedback signals until the physical limit is reached, or directly acting according to a preset emergency opening value (such as 80% of the maximum opening). Understandably, the local programmable logic controller has the characteristics of fast response speed and no dependence on upper-level communication. It can ensure that each gate can continue to perform flood discharge tasks in a local autonomous manner when the performance of the centralized control system degrades or partially fails. It is a key link to realize the decentralization and fault tolerance of control functions.

[0100] Level 3: If the actual total discharge flow still cannot meet the total flood discharge demand within the preset safe time after switching to the local programmable logic controller, the highest level alarm will be triggered, and the system will switch to mechanical emergency manual control mode, indicating that manual operation will be required on-site.

[0101] In the third-level control strategy, the preset safety time refers to an allowable waiting time from the start of the switch to the local programmable logic controller (PLC), for example, a value of 60 seconds. This time window is used to determine whether the independent control of the local PLC has achieved the expected effect. If, within the preset safety time, the actual total discharge flow calculated through the feedback signals of each gate opening still cannot meet the total flood discharge demand, it indicates that the automatic control system (whether centralized or locally distributed) is unable to effectively cope with the current flood discharge demand. At this time, the highest level alarm is triggered, and the system switches to mechanical emergency manual control mode. The mechanical emergency manual control mode means completely disconnecting from the electrical control system. Trained operators go to the gate site and directly drive the gate by operating the mechanical manual devices (such as manual hydraulic pumps, hand-cranked reducers, etc.) configured on the gate opening and closing mechanism. This mode serves as a last-resort redundancy guarantee, does not rely on any power supply or communication conditions, and can still achieve basic gate control under extreme conditions (such as a complete power outage or complete paralysis of the control system), fundamentally ensuring the uninterrupted flood discharge function and the ultimate safety of the dam structure.

[0102] Based on the above-mentioned possible design two, a complete fault-tolerant control link can be constructed from "automatic rotation of backup gates" to "switching to local PLC independent control" and then to "converting to mechanical emergency manual operation". This enables seamless continuity of flood discharge function under multiple extreme scenarios such as single gate failure, successive failure of multiple gates, and even failure of centralized control system. It avoids the safety risk of the entire flood discharge control chain breaking due to individual equipment or system failure, and significantly improves the overall reliability and survivability of the flood discharge system of run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season.

[0103] Based on the technical solution of the first aspect mentioned above, this embodiment also provides a possible design three for ensuring that the downstream ecological flow demand is met under normal operating conditions. That is, when it is determined that the current operating condition is under normal operating conditions, the method also includes, but is not limited to, the following steps S921 to S923.

[0104] S921. Obtain the downstream ecological flow demand value of the run-of-river hydropower station.

[0105] In step S921, the downstream ecological flow demand value refers to the minimum downstream flow required to maintain the basic functions of the aquatic ecosystem in the downstream river channel of the hydropower station. This value is usually determined by the watershed water resources management department or environmental protection authority based on factors such as the ecological base flow requirements of the downstream river channel, the water demand of aquatic plants and animals, and the water quality self-purification capacity requirements. It can be a fixed constant (such as a uniform ecological base flow value throughout the year) or a periodic value adjusted according to the season or month (such as ecological flow during the flood season and ecological flow during the non-flood season). The downstream ecological flow demand value can be pre-stored in the configuration parameters of the operation monitoring system or the computer equipment for direct reading and retrieval in this step.

[0106] S922. Determine whether the current outflow rate meets the downstream ecological flow demand value.

[0107] In step S922, the current outflow refers to the total flow actually discharged from the run-of-river hydropower station to the downstream river channel. Its sources may include the tailwater flow discharged through the turbine generator units and the flow discharged through the floodgates. The current outflow can be obtained from the corresponding flow monitoring point data in the operation monitoring system, or by summing the flow values ​​calculated from the relationship between unit output and flow rate and the gate opening. The current outflow is compared with the downstream ecological flow demand value obtained in step S921: if the current outflow is greater than or equal to the downstream ecological flow demand value, it indicates that the downstream ecological water use has been met, and the floodgates do not need additional action and can remain in their current state; if the current outflow is less than the downstream ecological flow demand value, it indicates that the existing discharge pathways such as the turbine tailwater are insufficient to guarantee the downstream ecological flow, and supplementary discharge through the floodgates is required, at which point the process proceeds to step S923.

[0108] S923. If not satisfied, the downstream ecological flow demand value is taken as the total flood discharge demand flow, and the gate opening is calculated based on the total flood discharge demand flow to control the flood discharge gate to open to the degree that meets the downstream ecological flow demand value.

[0109] In step S923, when step S922 determines that the current outflow does not meet the requirements, the system directly assigns the downstream ecological flow demand value to the total flood discharge demand flow, replacing the flood discharge demand flow value calculated in step S6 under abnormal operating conditions (early warning conditions or emergency conditions). Then, the calculation and control process from steps S4 to S8 is followed: determining the gates participating in the flood discharge (a small number of gates or even a single gate can be selected under normal operating conditions), calculating the opening degree of each gate, and generating control commands for execution. Through this process, the flood discharge gates will assume a supplementary role in ensuring downstream ecological flow under normal operating conditions, releasing ecological flow with a precisely controlled, smaller opening, meeting environmental protection requirements while avoiding unnecessary water waste. Under normal operating conditions, since the flood discharge demand flow is essentially the ecological flow value and is usually small, after the opening constraint processing in step S82, the final opening command of each gate will be at least the minimum allowable opening, thus ensuring that the gates operate within a safe range.

[0110] Based on the above-mentioned possible design three, by organically embedding the ecological flow guarantee requirements into the working condition classification control framework, the flood discharge gate can not only perform flood control and discharge tasks during flood season warnings and emergency working conditions, but also automatically take into account the downstream ecological base flow guarantee under normal working conditions. This achieves the synergistic consideration of the dual goals of "flood control safety" and "ecological protection" with the same set of control methods, and improves the environmental compliance and comprehensive benefits of run-of-river hydropower station operation.

[0111] like Figure 2 As shown, the second aspect of this embodiment provides a virtual system for implementing the method for calculating and controlling the opening degree of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in the first aspect or any possible design in the first aspect. The system includes an operation data acquisition module, an early warning threshold calculation module, a current operating condition discrimination module, a flood discharge gate determination module, an action duration estimation module, a flood discharge demand calculation module, a gate opening degree calculation module, and an instruction generation and sending module. The operation data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operation data of the run-of-river hydropower station. The real-time operation data includes at least the current reservoir water level, current inflow, current reservoir water level rise rate, and the current operation status of each flood discharge gate during the flood season. The warning threshold calculation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and is used to dynamically calculate the warning threshold for the rate of water level rise based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station. The current operating condition determination module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the early warning threshold calculation module, respectively. It is used to directly determine the current operating condition as an emergency operating condition when the current reservoir water level is greater than the reservoir warning water level, and to determine the current operating condition as an early warning operating condition when the current reservoir water level is less than or equal to the reservoir warning water level and the current reservoir water level rise rate is greater than or equal to the water level rise rate early warning threshold. The flood discharge gate determination module is communicatively connected to the current working condition discrimination module. When it is determined that the current working condition is in an abnormal working condition, it determines at least one flood discharge gate to participate in this flood discharge according to the preset flood discharge strategy corresponding to the abnormal working condition. The abnormal working condition refers to the emergency working condition or the early warning working condition. The action duration estimation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the flood discharge gate determination module, respectively, and is used to determine the average action duration of the at least one flood discharge gate from its current opening to a specified opening based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening. The flood discharge demand calculation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the action duration estimation module, respectively, and is used to determine the total flood discharge demand flow for removing the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning water level and the average action duration. The gate opening calculation module is communicatively connected to the flood discharge demand calculation module. It is used to allocate the total flood discharge demand flow to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and to calculate the corresponding gate opening for each gate based on the corresponding allocation result and hydraulic characteristic parameters. The instruction generation and sending module is communicatively connected to the gate opening calculation module. It is used to generate corresponding opening control instructions for each gate according to the corresponding gate opening, and send the opening control instructions to the corresponding gate actuator for execution.

[0112] The working process, working details and technical effects of the aforementioned system provided in the second aspect of this embodiment can be found in the first aspect or any possible design in the first aspect, which describes the method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, and will not be repeated here.

[0113] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating and controlling the opening degree of flood discharge gates in a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, characterized in that, include: Acquire real-time operating data of run-of-river hydropower stations, wherein the real-time operating data includes at least the current reservoir water level, current inflow, current reservoir water level rise rate, and current operating status of flood discharge gates during the flood season; Based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station, the water level rise rate warning threshold is dynamically calculated; When the current reservoir water level is greater than the reservoir warning water level, the current working condition is directly determined to be an emergency working condition. When the current reservoir water level is less than or equal to the reservoir warning water level and the current reservoir water level rise rate is greater than or equal to the water level rise rate warning threshold, the current working condition is determined to be a warning working condition. When it is determined that the current operating condition is an abnormal operating condition, at least one flood discharge gate for the flood season is determined to participate in this flood discharge according to the preset flood discharge strategy corresponding to the abnormal operating condition, wherein the abnormal operating condition refers to the emergency operating condition or the early warning operating condition. Based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, determine the average operating time for the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season to reach a specified opening from its current opening, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening. Based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning level, and the average action time, determine the total flood discharge demand to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition; The total flood discharge demand is allocated to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and the corresponding gate opening is calculated for each gate based on the allocation results and hydraulic characteristic parameters. For each gate, a corresponding opening control command is generated based on the corresponding gate opening degree, and the opening control command is sent to the corresponding gate actuator for execution.

2. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of flood discharge gates during the flood season of a run-of-river hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station, the water level rise rate warning threshold is dynamically calculated, including: Based on the water level-storage capacity relationship curve of the run-of-river hydropower station, the current reservoir capacity corresponding to the current reservoir water level and the warning reservoir capacity corresponding to the warning water level of the reservoir area are obtained respectively. Based on the current storage capacity, the warning storage capacity, and the current inbound flow, the warning time is calculated according to the following formula. : In the formula, This indicates the warning storage capacity. This indicates the current storage capacity. This indicates the current inbound flow. Indicates the preset safe duration; Divide the difference between the warning water level and the current water level in the reservoir area by the warning time. The calculation results are used as the early warning threshold for the rate of water level rise.

3. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, determine the average operating time for the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season to reach a specified opening from its current opening, including: For each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, the estimated operating time for the corresponding gate to reach a specified opening from its current opening is determined based on its current operating status, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening. Based on the estimated operating time of each gate, the average operating time of at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season is calculated using the following weighted average formula. : In the formula, This represents the total number of floodgates, including at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season. and They represent less than or equal to positive integers, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each sluice gate. Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate unit opening discharge capacity. Indicates the first The estimated operating time of each gate.

4. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning level, and the average operating time, determine the total flood discharge demand to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition, including: Based on the water level-storage capacity relationship curve of the run-of-river hydropower station, the warning storage capacity corresponding to the warning water level of the reservoir area is obtained; Based on the current inflow, the warning storage capacity, and the average operating time, the total flood discharge demand required to remove the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition is calculated according to the following formula. : In the formula, This indicates the current inbound flow. This indicates the warning storage capacity. This indicates the average action duration.

5. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The total flood discharge demand is allocated to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and for each gate, the corresponding gate opening is calculated based on the allocation results and hydraulic characteristic parameters, including: Based on the flood discharge capacity index values ​​of each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, the total flood discharge demand is allocated to each gate according to the following formula: In the formula, This represents the total number of floodgates, including at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season. and They represent less than or equal to positive integers, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index values ​​of each sluice gate, Indicates the first of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season The flood discharge capacity index value of each gate is positively correlated with the gate flow coefficient, gate width, or gate unit opening discharge capacity. This represents the total flood discharge demand flow rate. Indicates the first The flood discharge demand obtained from the allocation of each sluice gate; Obtain the first The following hydraulic characteristic parameters of the gate are: gate flow coefficient. Gate width and the water level difference between upstream and downstream of the gate ; According to the first The flood discharge demand obtained from the allocation of each sluice gate Gate flow coefficient Gate width and the water level difference between upstream and downstream of the gate The first one is calculated according to the following formula. Gate opening of each gate : In the formula, This indicates the gravitational acceleration of the area where the run-of-river hydropower station is located.

6. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... For each gate, a corresponding opening control command is generated based on the corresponding gate opening degree, including: For each gate, obtain the minimum allowable opening degree for the corresponding gate. and the maximum allowable opening And in combination with the corresponding gate opening The final gate opening is obtained by comparing the results using the following formula. : In the formula, This represents the function that takes the maximum value. This represents a function that takes the minimum value. For each gate, based on the corresponding final gate opening... Generate the corresponding opening control command.

7. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Before, during, or after generating the opening control command, the method further includes: The health status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season is monitored, and a fault determination is performed based on the monitoring results, wherein the fault determination includes at least one of the following methods (A) and (B): (A) Determination of jamming fault: When the opening and closing pull force of any one of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season... satisfy And opening and closing speed satisfy At that time, it was determined that the gate had a jamming fault, among which, This indicates the maximum tension required for the gate to open and close normally. This represents the preset fault judgment coefficient; (B) Determination of asynchronous operation: When the left-side operating speed of any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season is... Speed ​​of movement on the right side The absolute value of the difference is greater than the preset speed difference warning value. When the gate is deemed to have an asynchronous operation fault; or, during the period from the start of operation to the stop of operation of any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season, when the left side of the gate operates at a certain speed... Speed ​​of movement on the right side The integral of the absolute value of the difference over time exceeds the preset cumulative travel difference warning value. If this occurs, it is determined that the gate has a malfunction of asynchronous operation; When it is determined that any of the at least one flood discharge gates during the flood season has malfunctioned, an alarm is triggered and the gate is removed from the set of available gates, while a backup gate is activated to replace it.

8. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... After determining that any gate has failed and activating the backup gate to replace it, the method further includes a control strategy that is executed in a progressively degraded manner in the following order: Level 1: Activate the backup gates in a preset order to replace all gates identified as faulty; Level 2: If all floodgates have been put into operation in rotation, but the actual total discharge flow of the floodgates participating in the flood discharge is still insufficient to meet the total flood discharge demand, then the control of each gate will be automatically switched to the local programmable logic controller, so that the local programmable logic controller can independently control the gate opening according to the preset simplified logic. Level 3: If the actual total discharge flow still cannot meet the total flood discharge demand within the preset safe time after switching to the local programmable logic controller, the highest level alarm will be triggered, and the system will switch to mechanical emergency manual control mode, indicating that manual operation will be required on-site.

9. The method for calculating and controlling the opening of the flood discharge gate of a run-of-river hydropower station during the flood season, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... When it is determined that the current operating condition is a normal operating condition, the method further includes: Obtain the downstream ecological flow demand value of the run-of-river hydropower station; Determine whether the current outflow rate meets the downstream ecosystem flow demand value; If the downstream ecological flow demand is not met, the downstream ecological flow demand value will be used as the total flood discharge demand flow, and the gate opening will be calculated based on the total flood discharge demand flow to control the flood discharge gate to open to the degree that meets the downstream ecological flow demand value.

10. A calculation and control system for the opening degree of flood discharge gates during the flood season of a run-of-river hydropower station, characterized in that, It includes a running data acquisition module, an early warning threshold calculation module, a current operating condition judgment module, a flood discharge gate determination module, an action duration estimation module, a flood discharge demand calculation module, a gate opening calculation module, and an instruction generation and sending module; The operation data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operation data of the run-of-river hydropower station. The real-time operation data includes at least the current reservoir water level, current inflow, current reservoir water level rise rate, and the current operation status of each flood discharge gate during the flood season. The warning threshold calculation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and is used to dynamically calculate the warning threshold for the rate of water level rise based on the current reservoir water level, the current inflow, and the reservoir warning water level of the run-of-river hydropower station. The current operating condition determination module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the early warning threshold calculation module, respectively. It is used to directly determine the current operating condition as an emergency operating condition when the current reservoir water level is greater than the reservoir warning water level, and to determine the current operating condition as an early warning operating condition when the current reservoir water level is less than or equal to the reservoir warning water level and the current reservoir water level rise rate is greater than or equal to the water level rise rate early warning threshold. The flood discharge gate determination module is communicatively connected to the current working condition discrimination module. When it is determined that the current working condition is in an abnormal working condition, it determines at least one flood discharge gate to participate in this flood discharge according to the preset flood discharge strategy corresponding to the abnormal working condition. The abnormal working condition refers to the emergency working condition or the early warning working condition. The action duration estimation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the flood discharge gate determination module, respectively, and is used to determine the average action duration of the at least one flood discharge gate from its current opening to a specified opening based on the current operating status of the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, wherein the specified opening refers to the maximum allowable opening. The flood discharge demand calculation module is communicatively connected to the operation data acquisition module and the action duration estimation module, respectively, and is used to determine the total flood discharge demand flow for removing the current operating condition from the abnormal operating condition based on the current inflow, the reservoir warning water level and the average action duration. The gate opening calculation module is communicatively connected to the flood discharge demand calculation module. It is used to allocate the total flood discharge demand flow to each gate in the at least one flood discharge gate during the flood season, and to calculate the corresponding gate opening for each gate based on the corresponding allocation result and hydraulic characteristic parameters. The instruction generation and sending module is communicatively connected to the gate opening calculation module. It is used to generate corresponding opening control instructions for each gate according to the corresponding gate opening, and send the opening control instructions to the corresponding gate actuator for execution.

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