Surgical smoke aspiration control method, system, and apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a surgical smoke suction control method, system and device, and relates to the technical field of medical devices. The surgical smoke suction control method, system and device comprise the following steps: acquiring real-time image data in a body cavity and identifying whether smoke exists; in response to identifying the smoke, acquiring real-time pressure data of the body cavity; based on the real-time pressure data meeting a preset safe pressure condition, controlling a suction power unit to start to suck gas in the body cavity through a gas filtering assembly; in the suction process, acquiring a gas flow parameter on a flow path of the gas filtering assembly, and evaluating a permeability state of the gas filtering assembly based on the parameter. The application realizes intelligent smoke exhaust with visual triggering and pressure closed-loop constraint, guarantees surgical safety, and accurately monitors the filter state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a method, system and device for controlling surgical smoke extraction. Background Technology

[0002] In minimally invasive surgery, the use of energy instruments such as high-frequency electrosurgical units and ultrasonic scalpels generates a large amount of surgical smoke. This not only obstructs the endoscopic view and affects surgical procedures, but also contains harmful components that threaten the health of medical staff. Existing surgical smoke extraction devices typically use independent negative pressure suction or are integrated into the insufflator, removing smoke through continuous or manually triggered suction actions. However, existing technologies have the following drawbacks: Firstly, the suction flow rate of smoke extraction devices often does not establish a closed-loop feedback mechanism with the real-time pressure within the body cavity. When the suction flow rate is too high or the body cavity inflation compensation is insufficient, it can easily lead to a sudden drop or even loss of body cavity pressure, damaging the surgical operating space and increasing medical risks. Secondly, for reusable smoke filters, existing devices mostly estimate lifespan using fixed durations or single-count methods, failing to detect the actual decrease in filter permeability due to particle accumulation. This can easily result in situations where the filter is clogged but the device still indicates normal operation, or the filter is still usable but prematurely fails, making it difficult to balance surgical safety and the economy of consumable usage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a solution that can achieve intelligent smoke extraction while ensuring the safety of body cavity pressure and can accurately assess the status of filter components. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to propose a surgical smoke extraction control method, system, and device, which aims to automatically monitor smoke particles, achieve multi-stage high-efficiency filtration, and integrate reliable sterilization functions.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a surgical smoke extraction control method, system, and device, comprising: Acquire real-time image data of the body cavity and identify the presence of smoke within the body cavity based on the real-time image data; In response to the detection of smoke within the body cavity, real-time pressure data of the body cavity is acquired; Based on real-time pressure data to meet preset safety pressure conditions, the suction power unit is activated to draw gas from the body cavity through the gas filtration assembly. During the suction process, gas flow parameters along the flow path of the gas filter assembly are acquired, and the permeability status of the gas filter assembly is evaluated based on the gas flow parameters.

[0005] Preferably, the step of controlling the suction power unit to start based on the real-time pressure data meeting a preset safety pressure condition includes: Determine whether the real-time pressure data is not lower than the first pressure threshold, and whether the difference between the real-time pressure data and the set pressure value is within a preset difference range; If the conditions are met, the suction power unit is controlled to start or maintain the current suction power. If the conditions are not met, the suction power unit is controlled to pause suction or reduce suction power.

[0006] Preferably, the first pressure threshold is 3 mmHg, and the preset difference range is no more than 5 mmHg; The step of identifying whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data includes: The step of identifying whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data includes: The real-time image data is acquired at a decision frame rate of not less than 10fps, and feature extraction is performed on the real-time image data through a target recognition model to identify whether smoke exists.

[0007] Preferably, the gas flow parameters include the suction flow rate or the gas pressure difference before and after the gas filter assembly; The evaluation of the permeability status of the gas filtration assembly based on the gas flow parameters includes: When the suction flow rate is lower than a preset ratio of the calibrated flow rate, or when the gas pressure difference is higher than a preset pressure difference threshold, it is determined that the permeability of the gas filter component has decreased.

[0008] Preferably, the gas flow parameters are obtained by a flow meter or differential pressure sensor installed on the flow path; The preset ratio is 50%; The method further includes: In response to the determination that the permeability of the gas filter assembly has deteriorated, a prompt message to replace the gas filter assembly is output through the interaction unit.

[0009] Preferably, the method further includes: The gas drawn out by the suction power unit is sequentially passed into the gas filtration assembly and the gas sterilization assembly for multi-layer filtration and sterilization. The sterilized gas is passed into the collected liquid for secondary treatment.

[0010] Preferably, the gas filtration assembly contains, in sequence, a coarse filter membrane, activated carbon, a high-efficiency filter membrane, and oil-absorbing cotton. The gas sterilization component uses plasma sterilization or ultraviolet sterilization to sterilize the gas.

[0011] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also proposes a surgical smoke extraction control system, comprising: An image recognition module is used to acquire real-time image data of the body cavity and identify whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data; A pressure acquisition module is used to acquire real-time pressure data of the body cavity in response to the detection of smoke inside the body cavity; The suction control module is used to control the suction power unit to start based on the real-time pressure data meeting the preset safety pressure conditions, so as to suction the gas in the body cavity through the gas filtration assembly. The status assessment module is used to acquire gas flow parameters along the flow path of the gas filter assembly during the suction process, and to assess the permeability status of the gas filter assembly based on the gas flow parameters.

[0012] Preferably, the system further includes an image acquisition unit, a main control module, a smoke exhaust module, a sterilization module, a pressure detection unit, and an interaction unit; The image acquisition unit is used to acquire the real-time image data and transmit it to the image recognition module; The main control module is communicatively connected to the image recognition module, the pressure detection unit, the smoke exhaust module, and the interaction unit, respectively. The smoke extraction module includes the suction power unit and the gas filtration assembly, and the sterilization module includes a gas sterilization assembly.

[0013] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also proposes a surgical smoke extraction device, including a physical pipeline, a suction power unit, a gas filtration assembly, a gas sterilization assembly, a pressure detection unit, and a controller. The physical tubing is used to connect the body cavity, and the body cavity is connected to the body cavity inflation device, the suction power unit and the pressure detection unit through the physical tubing; The output end of the suction power unit is connected to the gas filter assembly, and the output end of the gas filter assembly is connected to the gas sterilization assembly; The controller is configured to perform the surgical smoke extraction control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

[0014] The technical solution provided by this invention constructs a three-dimensional control logic of "visual triggering + pressure constraint + state perception". Visual triggering solves the problem of on-demand response in smoke extraction, pressure constraint solves the safety problem in the smoke extraction process, and state perception solves the problem of accuracy in consumable management. These three elements are coupled together to achieve the technical effect of intelligent and harmless treatment of surgical smoke while ensuring a safe and stable surgical environment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the first embodiment of the surgical smoke extraction control method provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Structural block diagram of the surgical smoke extraction control system; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a surgical smoke extraction control device.

[0017] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0020] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0021] This invention provides a method, system, and device for controlling surgical smoke extraction. Figures 1 to 3This is an embodiment of the surgical smoke extraction control method, system, and device provided by the present invention.

[0022] In existing traditional surgical fume treatment processes, problems such as low aerosol filtration efficiency, easy clogging of filter media, and lack of automation are common. Surgical fume consists of water vapor and particulate matter, with particulate matter containing harmful chemical components and bioactive substances. This makes it impossible for traditional filtration methods to achieve complete airtight treatment, resulting in operating room environmental pollution and health risks to medical staff. This problem reduces the clarity of the surgical field and the reliability of system operation, requiring frequent manual intervention in the fume treatment process, thus affecting the continuity of the surgical procedure.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a surgical smoke extraction control method. This method achieves safe and intelligent removal of surgical smoke through a collaborative mechanism of visual perception and pressure feedback. The method includes the following steps: Step S100: Obtain real-time image data of the body cavity and identify whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data.

[0024] Specifically, real-time image data typically originates from endoscopic camera systems or dedicated visual sensors used in minimally invasive surgery, which continuously acquire optical images of the body cavity. In this embodiment, "smoke detection" is set as a pre-triggered condition for subsequent pressure monitoring and suction actions, rather than allowing the device to operate under continuous high load or idle. This design logic stems from the fact that smoke is not constantly generated during surgery; smoke clumps only appear when the energy instruments stimulate tissue vaporization. By using visual recognition as the first-level gating, the invalid sampling frequency of the pressure sensor and the idle running time of the suction power unit can be effectively reduced, thereby lowering the overall system power consumption and extending the lifespan of critical components. It should be understood that smoke recognition here can be implemented using various image processing algorithms or deep learning models, as long as the smoke characteristics can be distinguished from the background tissue; this invention does not limit this.

[0025] In step S200, in response to the detection of smoke in the body cavity, real-time pressure data of the body cavity is acquired.

[0026] Specifically, once smoke is confirmed in the field of view in step S100, the system immediately activates the pressure monitoring link and reads the current intracavitary pressure value from the pressure detection unit. The phrase "responding to" here reflects event-driven temporal logic, meaning that the acquisition of pressure data and the smoke identification result are closely causally related in time. This linkage mechanism ensures that pressure monitoring remains at a high frequency or high accuracy only during the window period when smoke removal is required, guaranteeing data timeliness while avoiding data redundancy during non-smoke removal periods. In practical applications, the intracavitary cavity can be the abdominal cavity under pneumoperitoneum, the thoracic cavity, or other artificially created closed operating spaces. Real-time pressure data reflects the dynamic balance between the current intracavitary volume and inflation compensation.

[0027] In step S300, based on the real-time pressure data meeting the preset safety pressure conditions, the suction power unit is started to draw gas from the body cavity through the gas filter assembly.

[0028] Specifically, the safe pressure condition serves as both the enabling signal and the maintenance constraint for the suction action. In minimally invasive surgery, the stability of the body cavity pressure directly affects the survival of the surgical operating space and the patient's hemodynamic safety. Blindly initiating suction without verifying the pressure can easily lead to body cavity collapse due to the suction flow exceeding the inflation compensation capacity, causing serious medical accidents. Therefore, this embodiment considers pressure compliance a necessary prerequisite for suction initiation; the suction power unit is only allowed to perform the exhaust action when the real-time pressure is within the safe window. Furthermore, this control logic includes not only the initial start-up judgment but also the continuous maintenance judgment during the suction process. That is, once the pressure deviates from the safe range, the system will immediately intervene in the suction action, thereby constructing a pressure safety backup mechanism throughout the entire smoke extraction process. It should be understood that the specific form of the suction power unit can be a negative pressure pump, a vacuum pump, or a venturi tube, etc., while the gas filter assembly is used to intercept harmful particles in the suction airflow; together, they constitute the smoke extraction execution path. In step S400, during the suction process, gas flow parameters on the flow path of the gas filter assembly are acquired, and the permeability status of the gas filter assembly is evaluated based on the gas flow parameters.

[0029] Specifically, the safe pressure condition serves as both the enabling signal and the maintenance constraint for the suction action. In minimally invasive surgery, the stability of the body cavity pressure directly affects the survival of the surgical operating space and the patient's hemodynamic safety. Blindly initiating suction without verifying the pressure can easily lead to body cavity collapse due to the suction flow exceeding the inflation compensation capacity, causing serious medical accidents. Therefore, this embodiment considers pressure compliance a necessary prerequisite for suction initiation; the suction power unit is only allowed to perform the exhaust action when the real-time pressure is within the safe window. Furthermore, this control logic includes not only the initial start-up judgment but also the continuous maintenance judgment during the suction process. That is, once the pressure deviates from the safe range, the system will immediately intervene in the suction action, thereby constructing a pressure safety backup mechanism throughout the entire smoke extraction process. It should be understood that the specific form of the suction power unit can be a negative pressure pump, a vacuum pump, or a venturi tube, etc., while the gas filter assembly is used to intercept harmful particles in the suction airflow; together, they constitute the smoke extraction execution path. In step S400, during the suction process, gas flow parameters on the flow path of the gas filter assembly are acquired, and the permeability status of the gas filter assembly is evaluated based on the gas flow parameters.

[0030] Specifically, after a period of use, the pores of the filter media in a gas filter assembly gradually become clogged with smoke particles, tissue debris, and droplets, leading to increased airflow resistance. Traditional timed or count-based replacement methods cannot detect this gradual change in physical state, easily resulting in premature waste or delayed failure. This embodiment monitors gas flow parameters along the flow path, utilizing the negative correlation between flow resistance and permeability in fluid mechanics to establish a direct mapping relationship between physical parameters and filter health. For example, when the filter media is clogged, it manifests as a decrease in flow rate under constant power, or an increase in the pressure difference across the filter under constant flow rate. This state assessment mechanism based on real-time physical feedback can objectively reflect the actual remaining efficiency of the filter assembly, providing data support for precise preventative maintenance. It should be noted that the gas flow parameter collection location can be upstream, downstream, or across both ends of the filter assembly, as long as the parameter can characterize the degree of obstruction encountered by the airflow through the filter media. This invention does not impose a unique limitation on the specific sensor placement location.

[0031] Therefore, in the technical solution provided by this invention, through the above steps S100 to S400, this embodiment constructs a three-dimensional control logic of "visual triggering + pressure constraint + state perception". Visual triggering solves the problem of on-demand response to smoke extraction, pressure constraint solves the safety problem of the smoke extraction process, and state perception solves the problem of accuracy in consumable management. These three elements are coupled together to achieve the technical effect of intelligent and harmless treatment of surgical smoke while ensuring a safe and stable surgical environment.

[0032] This embodiment further refines the specific logic for controlling the start of the suction power unit based on real-time pressure data meeting preset safety pressure conditions. Specifically, the control process includes: determining whether the real-time pressure data is not lower than a first pressure threshold, and whether the difference between the real-time pressure data and the set pressure value is within a preset difference range; if satisfied, controlling the suction power unit to start or maintain the current suction power; if not satisfied, controlling the suction power unit to pause suction or reduce the suction power.

[0033] The design intent of this dual-pressure judgment logic is to construct a control window that combines safety and stability. The first pressure threshold serves as the absolute safety baseline, physically defining the minimum positive pressure required to maintain basic operating space within the body cavity. If the real-time pressure falls below this threshold, it indicates that the body cavity may have collapsed or is on the verge of collapse. In this case, regardless of smoke concentration, suction must be unconditionally prohibited or stopped to prevent mechanical injury or complete loss of vision for the patient. The preset difference range serves as a relative steady-state constraint, limiting the deviation of the real-time pressure from the user-set target working pressure. In minimally invasive surgery, the body cavity inflation device typically provides dynamic inflation based on set values. If the suction flow rate is too high, causing a rapid pressure drop, even if the absolute pressure has not yet reached the minimum safety line, the excessive pressure gradient may trigger drastic fluctuations in the body cavity volume, thereby interfering with the stability of the endoscopic view and even affecting the patient's hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, the system only determines that the current environment permits smoke extraction when the real-time pressure simultaneously meets both the conditions of being "above the absolute safety baseline" and "not excessively deviating from the set value."

[0034] Regarding the adjustment strategy when the safe pressure conditions are not met, this embodiment distinguishes between two response modes: pausing suction and reducing suction power. When the real-time pressure is lower than the first pressure threshold, or the difference between the real-time pressure and the set pressure value exceeds the upper limit of the preset difference range, it indicates that the body cavity pressure environment is in a high-risk state. At this time, the system should execute a pause suction command to completely cut off the negative pressure source and buy time for the body cavity inflation device to replenish air and recover. When the real-time pressure is not lower than the first pressure threshold, but the difference between it and the set pressure value is close to the boundary of the preset difference range, it indicates that the body cavity pressure is in the critical zone of transitioning from steady state to instability. At this time, the system can execute a reduce suction power command to alleviate the pressure drop trend by reducing the suction flow rate, maintaining the continuity of the smoke extraction function as much as possible while ensuring safety, and avoiding the loss of smoke extraction efficiency and equipment lifespan due to frequent start-stop. It should be understood that the specific implementation of reducing suction power can be linearly reducing the fan speed, reducing the duty cycle, or switching to a low speed setting, etc., and this invention does not limit it to a single method.

[0035] As a preferred implementation, the first pressure threshold is set to 3 mmHg, with a preset difference range not exceeding 5 mmHg. 3 mmHg is considered the critical physiological pressure value for maintaining the pneumoperitoneum space during laparoscopic surgery without collapse—when the actual intra-abdominal pressure is 3 mmHg lower than the set pneumoperitoneum pressure, the risk of abdominal wall adhesion to organs increases significantly; this is the trigger threshold for the smoke extraction system to intervene and protect. The negative deviation tolerance of 5 mmHg comprehensively considers the insufflation response speed of conventional pneumoperitoneum machines and the human body's tolerance to pressure fluctuations: within this tolerance, the smoke extraction process can proceed normally, filtering out false triggers caused by sensor noise and avoiding overreaction to minor physiological fluctuations; once the pressure drop exceeds this tolerance, the system determines that there is insufficient actual air supply or abnormal air leakage, and automatically restrains or stops smoke extraction to prioritize the stability of the pneumoperitoneum space.

[0036] It should be specifically noted that this smoke extraction system only intervenes in cases of negative pressure deviation—that is, it only executes protection logic based on the aforementioned thresholds and tolerances when the actual pressure is lower than the set value. For positive deviations where the pressure is higher than the set value, the smoke extraction equipment takes no action; this deviation is handled independently by the insufflator to regulate pressure. For example, if the intraoperative insufflator pressure is set to 14 mmHg, then the lower limit of the allowable pressure for the smoke extraction system is 9 mmHg (out of 14 mmHg). If the pressure exceeds 5 mmHg, the exhaust system will stop or the throttling protection will be triggered if the pressure is below this value. At the same time, the system does not set a limit on the pressure rise (e.g., the upper limit of 19 mmHg does not apply to the exhaust equipment), and any overpressure handling will be performed by the pneumoperitoneum machine according to its own logic.

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the necessity of the aforementioned dual-judgment logic, a comparative analysis is provided below. If only a single first pressure threshold is set without a preset difference range, pressure oscillations are highly likely to occur during actual operation. For example, when the body cavity pressure fluctuates around 3 mmHg, the suction power unit will repeatedly execute start and stop commands within a very short time. This high-frequency start and stop not only fails to effectively remove smoke but also accelerates motor wear and generates significant noise interference. Introducing a preset difference range is equivalent to adding a hysteresis interval to the control logic, effectively smoothing the control curve and improving the system's robustness.

[0038] Furthermore, in conjunction with pressure control, the process of identifying the presence of smoke within the body cavity based on real-time image data specifically includes: acquiring real-time image data at a decision frame rate of no less than 10 fps, and performing feature extraction on the real-time image data through a target recognition model to identify the presence of smoke. The minimum frame rate of 10 fps is limited here based on considerations of matching smoke diffusion dynamics with pressure response time. Surgical smoke typically takes hundreds of milliseconds to diffuse from its generation to the entire field of vision. If the image recognition frame rate is too low (e.g., below 10 fps), the smoke recognition signal will have a significant time lag relative to the actual moment the smoke is generated. Under this lag, when the system finally confirms the presence of smoke and prepares to initiate suction, the smoke may have already accumulated significantly. If high-power suction is immediately initiated at this point, the instantaneous flow demand is too high, easily causing a sudden drop in body cavity pressure, which in turn triggers the aforementioned pressure protection mechanism, causing suction to be interrupted, forming a vicious cycle of "slow recognition - rapid suction - pressure drop - stop suction - smoke accumulation - re-recognition". Therefore, ensuring a recognition frame rate of no less than 10 fps is a crucial prerequisite for ensuring that the visual triggering and pressure constraint mechanisms can work together rather than hinder each other. The target recognition model can adopt convolutional neural networks, Transformers, or other deep learning architectures suitable for real-time video stream analysis, as long as it can accurately output the classification result of whether smoke is present or not while meeting the frame rate requirements. This invention does not limit the specific network structure of the model.

[0039] This embodiment further specifies the permeability assessment mechanism for gas filter components. Specifically, gas flow parameters include suction flow rate or gas pressure difference before and after the gas filter component. This means that the present invention provides two parallel and equivalent physical monitoring dimensions to characterize the health status of the filter material. The first implementation directly obtains the absolute value of the suction flow rate through a flow meter installed on the flow path. In this mode, a calibrated flow rate value is pre-stored within the system. This calibrated flow rate value is typically the baseline flow rate data measured under standard test conditions when the gas filter component is in a brand-new, clean state. When the actual monitored suction flow rate is lower than a preset proportion of this calibrated flow rate, it is determined that the permeability status of the gas filter component has deteriorated. This determination method based on absolute flow rate reduction is intuitive and easy to understand, directly reflecting the degree of loss in smoke extraction capacity per unit time, and is suitable for application scenarios with stable fan performance and good air path sealing.

[0040] The second implementation method uses differential pressure sensors installed at both ends of the gas filter assembly to obtain the gas pressure difference. According to fluid mechanics principles, when the filter media pores are clogged by smoke particles, leading to decreased permeability, the resistance to airflow through the filter media increases significantly. Under constant or near-constant suction power, this increase in resistance is directly reflected in a higher pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the filter assembly. Therefore, when the monitored gas pressure difference exceeds a preset pressure difference threshold, it can also be determined that the permeability of the gas filter assembly has deteriorated. Compared to the flow meter solution, the differential pressure monitoring solution has unique engineering advantages. Since the pressure difference reflects the flow resistance characteristics of the filter media itself, it is not sensitive to changes in the rotational speed of the suction power unit caused by voltage fluctuations, motor aging, or bearing wear. For example, when the fan's performance slightly deteriorates due to long-term use, although the absolute flow rate may decrease, as long as the filter media is not clogged, the pressure difference across it will not increase abnormally. This avoids misjudging fan performance degradation as filter blockage, improving the robustness and accuracy of condition assessment. It should be understood that, regardless of the type of sensor used, the core purpose is to establish a mapping relationship between physical parameters and filter material porosity. This invention does not limit the specific sensor model or installation location, as long as it can obtain parameters characterizing the degree of airflow obstruction.

[0041] As a preferred implementation, the aforementioned preset ratio is 50%. This threshold was not arbitrarily chosen but determined based on extensive engineering validation and clinical safety margins. Experimental data shows that when the effective flow area of ​​the surgical smoke filter decreases to approximately 50% of its initial state, its filtration efficiency can still be maintained within the acceptable range, but the flow resistance curve has entered a non-linear, rapidly rising region. The marginal benefit of continued use diminishes rapidly, and there is a risk of loss of instantaneous ventilation capacity due to increased local blockage. Setting 50% as the critical point for triggering maintenance instructions fully utilizes the remaining efficiency of consumables, avoids resource waste caused by premature replacement, and provides a sufficient safety buffer window to prevent the filter from suddenly failing completely within the interval between two tests, thus affecting the surgical procedure.

[0042] In response to a determination that the permeability of the gas filter assembly has deteriorated, a prompt message to replace the gas filter assembly is output through the interaction unit. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the status assessment module transmits the processed transparency status data to the main control module in real time. Based on this, the main control module drives the interactive unit to execute visual or auditory reminders. This design transforms abstract physical parameter attenuation into maintenance commands that users can directly perceive and execute, realizing a shift from passive fault response to proactive preventative maintenance. The specific form of the interactive unit can be a pop-up display, indicator light color change, buzzer alarm, or voice broadcast, etc., and this invention does not limit it to a single form.

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the advancement of the dynamic evaluation mechanism employed in this embodiment compared to existing technologies, a comparative analysis is conducted below in conjunction with the traditional timed counting method. Traditional smoke extraction devices typically estimate filter lifespan using cumulative operating time or number of starts. This method is essentially an open-loop statistical estimation, unable to perceive differences in actual load. In high-concentration smoke scenarios, such as prolonged liver resections or tumor ablation surgeries, the filter material may reach saturation and blockage within hours. If the conventional lifespan of tens of hours is still used, the device will be ineffective in smoke extraction or even cause secondary pollution for most of the time, seriously threatening the safety of medical staff and patients. Conversely, in low-concentration smoke or intermittent use scenarios, the actual wear and tear of the filter material is far lower than expected. A timed replacement strategy would lead to the premature disposal of a large amount of still usable consumables, increasing departmental operating costs. This embodiment, however, establishes a closed-loop physical feedback evaluation system by real-time monitoring of gas flow parameters. This ensures that the timing of filter replacement truly depends on its actual physical state rather than subjective time assumptions, thereby achieving ultimate optimization of consumable utilization while ensuring surgical safety.

[0044] This embodiment further specifies the harmless treatment process after the extraction of surgical smoke. Specifically, the method includes: sequentially passing the gas extracted by the suction power unit into a gas filtration component and a gas sterilization component for multi-layer filtration and sterilization; and then passing the sterilized gas into a collection liquid for secondary treatment. This processing link constructs a three-level safety protection system of "physical interception - biological inactivation - liquid phase sealing". Among them, the sequential logic of "sequentially passing in" is crucial. The composition of surgical smoke includes solid particles, liquid aerosols, volatile organic compounds, and active microorganisms. If the sterilization step is placed beforehand, a large amount of particulate matter and water vapor will directly adhere to the surface of the sterilization light source or consume plasma energy, which will not only lead to a sharp decline in sterilization efficiency but also cause rapid contamination and aging of the sterilization chamber. Therefore, this embodiment adopts a process sequence of filtration and purification followed by sterilization and disinfection. The gas filtration component at the front end removes most of the interfering substances in advance, creating a clean and dry working environment for the gas sterilization component at the back end, thereby significantly improving the overall reliability of the treatment and the lifespan of the components. The collected liquid at the end acts as the last line of defense, completely blocking the path of gas leakage to the external environment through a liquid seal mechanism. At the same time, it dissolves or neutralizes any trace harmful components that may escape, ensuring the absolute safety of the emitted gas.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the gas filtration assembly sequentially comprises a coarse filter membrane, activated carbon, a high-efficiency filter membrane, and oil-absorbing cotton. This multi-stage composite filter material combination is not arbitrarily stacked, but rather a targeted design based on the physicochemical properties of surgical smoke. Specifically, the coarse filter membrane is located at the forefront of the airflow and primarily intercepts larger-diameter tissue fragments, blood droplets, and condensate droplets, preventing these highly pollutant-laden particles from rapidly clogging the subsequent precision filter material, thus providing pre-protection. The activated carbon layer follows immediately, utilizing its well-developed porous structure to adsorb volatile harmful gases such as benzene compounds and alkanes, as well as burnt odors, addressing the problem that simple physical filtration cannot remove gaseous pollutants. The high-efficiency filter membrane typically uses HEPA or ULPA-grade filter material, responsible for precisely trapping fine aerosol particles, bacteria, and virus carriers larger than 0.01 micrometers, which is the core barrier ensuring biosafety. The oil-absorbing cotton is specifically designed for the oily fumes generated during the vaporization of fatty tissue using high-frequency electrosurgical or ultrasonic scalpels. Because oil mist is highly adhesive and easily penetrates ordinary filter media, without this layer, the oil mist can easily clog the micropores of the high-efficiency filter membrane, causing it to fail, or form a difficult-to-clean oil film in the sterilization stage. It should be understood that although this embodiment lists the above four filter materials and their specific order, in practical applications, depending on the type of surgery or the characteristics of the fumes, other functional layers such as a water-removing membrane or an antibacterial coating can be added, or the positions of some layers can be adjusted without violating the basic principle of "coarse before fine, solid before gas." This invention does not impose a unique limitation on this.

[0046] Regarding the sterilization process, the gas sterilization unit employs either plasma sterilization or ultraviolet (UV) sterilization to treat the gas. Both methods belong to dry cold sterilization technology, avoiding thermal damage to equipment materials and the heat load on the operating room environment caused by high temperatures. Plasma sterilization utilizes high-energy free radicals to destroy the proteins and nucleic acids of microorganisms, offering advantages such as short treatment time and no toxic residues, making it particularly suitable for rapid processing needs between consecutive surgeries. UV sterilization, on the other hand, destroys the DNA / RNA structure of microorganisms through ultraviolet irradiation of specific wavelengths, featuring simple structure, low operating costs, and continuous online operation, making it suitable for routine long-term smoke extraction scenarios. In actual product design, one method can be selected based on the equipment's positioning and cost strategy, or the two can be combined in series for double protection. Furthermore, the sterilized gas is passed into a collection liquid for secondary treatment. This collection liquid can be sterile water, disinfectant, or other liquid media capable of dissolving residual smoke components. In addition to the aforementioned chemical neutralization, the liquid itself also constitutes a one-way valve-like physical seal. When the suction power unit stops working, the gravitational potential energy of the liquid column effectively prevents residual gas in the pipeline from flowing back or escaping due to pressure fluctuations or thermal expansion, fundamentally eliminating the risk of secondary contamination during shutdown. This design compensates for the potential micro-leakage defects that may exist when relying solely on mechanical valve seals, providing a more reliable safety guarantee for the operating room environment.

[0047] Reference Figures 2 to 3 This embodiment provides a surgical smoke extraction control system. This system serves as a virtual device carrier for the control method described in the preceding embodiments, and achieves coordinated scheduling of various execution units through a modular architecture. The system includes an image recognition module, a pressure acquisition module, an extraction control module, and a status assessment module.

[0048] The image recognition module acquires real-time image data of the body cavity and identifies the presence of smoke based on this data. Specifically, this module logically constitutes the system's perception trigger front-end, internally encapsulating image processing algorithms or a deep learning inference engine. It receives data streams from external video sources and outputs a binary signal or confidence score indicating the presence or absence of smoke. This modular design allows the smoke recognition algorithm to be upgraded and iterated independently of the underlying hardware. For example, without changing other parts of the system, the traditional threshold segmentation algorithm can be replaced with a more advanced neural network model, thereby continuously improving the recognition accuracy.

[0049] The pressure acquisition module is used to respond to the detection of smoke within the body cavity and acquire real-time pressure data of the cavity. Specifically, this module acts as a logical bridge between visual perception and physical feedback. Instead of continuously polling the pressure sensor, it is configured to be activated by the output signal of the image recognition module. This event-driven mechanism effectively reduces system bus load and data processing overhead. At the data interaction level, this module reads the pressure value through a standardized data interface, formats it, and transmits it to the downstream control unit, ensuring the integrity and timeliness of the pressure data during transmission.

[0050] The suction control module controls the suction power unit to start based on real-time pressure data to meet preset safety pressure conditions, thereby suctioning gas from the body cavity through the gas filtration assembly. Specifically, this module is the core of the system's safety decision-making, integrating pressure comparison logic and a safety strategy library. It not only generates suction enable commands but also handles dynamic adjustments during operation, such as calculating the PWM duty cycle based on pressure deviations or adjusting valve openings. By encapsulating safety constraint logic within a separate control module, safety verification and business logic can be separated, facilitating subsequent safety verification and risk management of the medical device software.

[0051] The condition assessment module is used to acquire gas flow parameters along the flow path of the gas filter assembly during the suction process and to assess the permeability status of the gas filter assembly based on these parameters. Specifically, this module implements a functional mapping from physical quantity monitoring to equipment health management. It continuously receives flow rate or differential pressure data and uses algorithms such as sliding window filtering and trend analysis to eliminate transient interference, thereby outputting stable permeability status indicators. The output of this module can not only be used for immediate maintenance prompts but also stored as historical data, providing sample support for the optimization of consumable life prediction models.

[0052] Furthermore, in order to translate the aforementioned virtual functional modules into concrete physical products, this embodiment also provides a hardware architecture implementation method for the system. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the system also includes an image acquisition unit 20, a main control module 10, a smoke exhaust module 40, a sterilization module 50, a pressure detection unit 30, and an interaction unit 60.

[0053] The image acquisition unit 20 is used to acquire real-time image data and transmit it to the image recognition module. In practical applications, the image acquisition unit 20 can be an endoscope camera host, a dedicated medical camera, or a video signal converter box, which converts optical images into digital signals for processing by the main control module 10 via video interfaces such as HDMI, SDI, or USB. It should be understood that although the image acquisition unit 20 is drawn as an independent block in the figure, in some integrated designs, it can also exist as a sub-circuit on the main control module 10 board, as long as it has image acquisition and transmission functions.

[0054] The main control module 10 is communicatively connected to the image recognition module, pressure detection unit 30, smoke exhaust module 40, and interaction unit 60. Specifically, the main control module 10 is the central processing and scheduling unit of the entire system, typically composed of a microcontroller (MCU), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or embedded processor. It establishes data links with the aforementioned units through an internal bus or dedicated I / O ports: on the one hand, it receives video streams from the image acquisition unit 20 and pressure signals from the pressure detection unit 30; on the other hand, it sends drive commands to the smoke exhaust module 40 and pushes status information to the interaction unit 60. This star or bus-type communication topology ensures efficient collaboration between the subsystems and also reserves expansion interfaces for future integration of more sensors (such as temperature, humidity, and gas concentration sensors).

[0055] The smoke extraction module 40 includes a suction power unit 41 and a gas filter assembly 42, while the sterilization module 50 includes a gas sterilization assembly. Specifically, the smoke extraction module 40 is the system's execution terminal. The suction power unit 41 (such as a negative pressure pump driven by a DC brushless motor) is controlled by the speed control signal of the main control module 10, generating an adjustable negative pressure airflow. The gas filter assembly 42 is connected in series in the gas path to physically purify the inhaled gas. The sterilization module 50 is located downstream of the smoke extraction module 40 and uses a plasma generator or ultraviolet lamp to biologically inactivate the purified gas. Physically, the main control module 10 is connected to the suction power unit 41 via a power drive circuit and to the sterilization module 50 via a high-voltage power supply or relay, thus achieving unified control over the gas path and the photo / electric sterilization path.

[0056] The interaction unit 60 serves as the human-machine interface, which can be a touchscreen, button panel, indicator light array, or voice broadcaster. It receives user mode setting commands and provides feedback on equipment operating status and maintenance prompts. The pressure detection unit 30 is connected to the body cavity air circuit via a three-way valve or an independent sampling pipeline, converting the air pressure signal into an electrical signal that is input to the main control module 10.

[0057] Through the aforementioned hardware and software integrated architecture design, this embodiment not only provides a clear physical implementation foundation for the aforementioned methods but also enhances the system's flexibility and maintainability through modular decoupling. The definition of virtual modules ensures the clarity and independence of control logic, facilitating intellectual property protection at the software level; while the specific connection relationships of physical entities define the hardware boundaries of the product, providing an intuitive basis for determining infringement of physical products. These two aspects complement each other, jointly constructing a complete technical solution from abstract algorithms to concrete products, satisfying the stringent safety and reliability requirements of medical devices while also considering the feasibility and scalability of engineering implementation.

[0058] This embodiment provides a surgical smoke extraction device. This device serves as the physical embodiment of the control method and system described in the preceding embodiments, achieving safe handling of surgical smoke through a specific mechanical structure and airflow layout. The surgical smoke extraction device includes physical piping, a suction power unit 41, a gas filter assembly 42, a gas sterilization assembly 50, a pressure detection unit 30, and a controller.

[0059] Specifically, the physical tubing connects to the body cavity, which is then connected to the body cavity inflation device, the suction power unit 41, and the pressure detection unit 30 via the physical tubing. This "separate connection" has several equivalent forms in engineering implementation. As a preferred embodiment, the physical tubing can employ an integrated multi-port valve structure, such as a medical three-way or four-way valve. Its common end connects to the body cavity trocar, while the remaining ports connect to the air supply tube of the body cavity inflation device, the suction tube of the suction power unit 41, and the sampling tube of the pressure detection unit 30, respectively. This integrated design reduces the number of trocars, minimizes trauma to the patient's abdominal wall, and, because the pressure measurement point is physically close to the suction and inflation points, it more accurately reflects the actual pressure environment within the body cavity, avoiding pressure monitoring distortion caused by excessive tubing length or location differences. As an alternative implementation, the body cavity inflation device, suction power unit 41, and pressure detection unit 30 can also be connected to the body cavity through their respective independent trocar interfaces. This method is suitable for scenarios requiring high-flow smoke extraction or special surgical positions, providing independent channels that do not interfere with each other. It should be understood that, regardless of the connection method used, the sampling port of the pressure detection unit 30 should be located as close as possible to the inside of the body cavity, or upstream of the suction path and in an area not directly affected by the suction negative pressure, to ensure that the acquired real-time pressure data can accurately characterize the overall filling state of the body cavity and provide a reliable basis for the aforementioned judgment of safe pressure conditions.

[0060] In terms of gas path topology, the output end of the suction power unit 41 is connected to the gas filter assembly 42, and the output end of the gas filter assembly 42 is connected to the gas sterilization assembly 50. This series connection defines the gas processing flow direction inside the device: the smoke-containing gas in the body cavity is first extracted under the negative pressure generated by the suction power unit 41, then enters the gas filter assembly 42 for physical purification to remove particulate matter and harmful gases, and then flows into the gas sterilization assembly 50 for biological inactivation. This "power first, then filtration, then sterilization" sequence is determined based on the principles of fluid mechanics and hygiene. Placing the suction power unit 41 at the front end provides a stable negative pressure source, overcoming the flow resistance of the multi-stage filter media at the rear; the front-positioned gas filter assembly 42 effectively intercepts solid particles and droplets in the smoke, preventing these contaminants from entering the precision sterilization chamber and causing light source obstruction or electrode contamination, thereby extending the service life of the sterilization assembly and maintaining its effectiveness. Furthermore, as Figure 2 As shown, the output end of the gas sterilization component 50 can also be connected to the collection bottle 70. The gas, after being rendered harmless, is ultimately discharged into the liquid within the collection bottle 70 for liquid sealing and secondary absorption, completely blocking the path of harmful aerosols diffusing into the operating room environment. It should be understood that although the diagram shows direct connection between components via pipelines, in actual products, components can also be indirectly connected via flexible hoses, quick-connect fittings, or sealing flanges, as long as the airtightness of the gas path and the direction of airflow are guaranteed.

[0061] The controller is configured to execute the surgical smoke extraction control method as described in the foregoing embodiments. Specifically, the controller typically consists of a microprocessor, memory, and peripheral interface circuitry, and establishes electrical or communication connections with the suction power unit 41, the gas filter assembly 42 (if including sensors), the gas sterilization assembly 50, the pressure detection unit 30, and the interaction unit 60 via an internal bus or dedicated cables. In this embodiment, the core function of the controller is to solidify the aforementioned software control logic into hardware execution instructions, such as adjusting the rotation speed of the suction power unit 41 based on the signal fed back by the pressure detection unit 30, or triggering maintenance prompts in the interaction unit 60 based on the readings of the flow / differential pressure sensor. It should be emphasized that the protection of the device in this embodiment focuses on the connection relationships and gas path topology between the various physical components, rather than the specific algorithm flow running inside the controller. For detailed logic on how the controller coordinates the operation of each component based on image recognition, pressure feedback, and flow parameter evaluation, please refer to the description of the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0062] Through the aforementioned physical architecture, this embodiment translates the abstract control strategy into a manufacturable and verifiable physical product. The clear pipeline connections not only ensure the integrity of the equipment's functions but also provide intuitive and objective evidence for subsequent infringement comparisons. Simultaneously, the modular gas path design allows for independent replacement or upgrades of each functional component. For example, a higher-precision filter or a sterilizer based on a different principle can be replaced without altering the overall pipeline layout, thus giving the product excellent scalability and adaptability. It should be understood that the equipment structure described in this embodiment is merely exemplary and not the sole limitation of the invention. For example, the suction power unit 41, the gas filtration assembly 42, and the gas sterilization assembly 50 can be integrated into the same housing to form a single integrated device, or they can be separately configured and interconnected through external pipelines; the material of the physical pipelines can be medical-grade silicone, PVC, or other biocompatible materials. Any equivalent substitutions or partial adjustments to the above structure without departing from the core technical concept of this invention should be covered within the scope of protection of this invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made under the concept of the present invention using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling surgical smoke extraction, characterized in that, include: Acquire real-time image data of the body cavity, and identify whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data; In response to the detection of smoke within the body cavity, real-time pressure data of the body cavity is acquired; Based on the real-time pressure data meeting the preset safety pressure conditions, the suction power unit is activated to draw gas from the body cavity through the gas filtration assembly. During the suction process, gas flow parameters along the flow path of the gas filter assembly are acquired, and the permeability status of the gas filter assembly is evaluated based on the gas flow parameters.

2. The surgical smoke extraction control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the suction power unit to start based on the real-time pressure data meeting the preset safety pressure conditions includes: Determine whether the real-time pressure data is not lower than the first pressure threshold, and whether the difference between the real-time pressure data and the set pressure value is within a preset difference range; If the conditions are met, the suction power unit is controlled to start or maintain the current suction power. If the conditions are not met, the suction power unit is controlled to pause suction or reduce suction power.

3. The surgical smoke extraction control method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first pressure threshold is 3 mmHg, and the preset difference range is no more than 5 mmHg; The step of identifying whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data includes: The step of identifying whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data includes: The real-time image data is acquired at a decision frame rate of not less than 10fps, and feature extraction is performed on the real-time image data through a target recognition model to identify whether smoke exists.

4. The surgical smoke extraction control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gas flow parameters include the suction flow rate or the gas pressure difference before and after the gas filtration assembly; The evaluation of the permeability status of the gas filtration assembly based on the gas flow parameters includes: When the suction flow rate is lower than a preset ratio of the calibrated flow rate, or when the gas pressure difference is higher than a preset pressure difference threshold, it is determined that the permeability of the gas filter component has decreased.

5. The surgical smoke extraction control method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The gas flow parameters are obtained by a flow meter or differential pressure sensor installed on the flow path; The preset ratio is 50%; The method further includes: In response to the determination that the permeability of the gas filter assembly has deteriorated, a prompt message to replace the gas filter assembly is output through the interaction unit.

6. The surgical smoke extraction control method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: The gas drawn out by the suction power unit is sequentially passed into the gas filtration assembly and the gas sterilization assembly for multi-layer filtration and sterilization. The sterilized gas is passed into the collected liquid for secondary treatment.

7. The surgical smoke extraction control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The gas filtration assembly contains, in sequence, a coarse filter membrane, activated carbon, a high-efficiency filter membrane, and oil-absorbing cotton. The gas sterilization component uses plasma sterilization or ultraviolet sterilization to sterilize the gas.

8. A surgical smoke extraction control system, characterized in that, include: An image recognition module is used to acquire real-time image data of the body cavity and identify whether smoke exists in the body cavity based on the real-time image data; A pressure acquisition module is used to acquire real-time pressure data of the body cavity in response to the detection of smoke inside the body cavity; The suction control module is used to control the suction power unit to start based on the real-time pressure data meeting the preset safety pressure conditions, so as to suction the gas in the body cavity through the gas filtration assembly. The status assessment module is used to acquire gas flow parameters along the flow path of the gas filter assembly during the suction process, and to assess the permeability status of the gas filter assembly based on the gas flow parameters.

9. The surgical smoke extraction control system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The system also includes an image acquisition unit, a main control module, a smoke exhaust module, a sterilization module, a pressure detection unit, and an interaction unit; The image acquisition unit is used to acquire the real-time image data and transmit it to the image recognition module; The main control module is communicatively connected to the image recognition module, the pressure detection unit, the smoke exhaust module, and the interaction unit, respectively. The smoke extraction module includes the suction power unit and the gas filtration assembly, and the sterilization module includes a gas sterilization assembly.

10. A surgical smoke extraction device, characterized in that, It includes physical piping, suction power unit, gas filtration assembly, gas sterilization assembly, pressure detection unit, and controller; The physical tubing is used to connect the body cavity, and the body cavity is connected to the body cavity inflation device, the suction power unit and the pressure detection unit through the physical tubing; The output end of the suction power unit is connected to the gas filter assembly, and the output end of the gas filter assembly is connected to the gas sterilization assembly; The controller is configured to perform the surgical smoke extraction control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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