An evaluation method and system for automobile fire hazards based on experimental dummies

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of based on experimental dummy automobile fire hazard evaluation method and system, belong to fire experiment technical field.Step 1, the data of automobile fire experiment is collected by experimental dummy, and hazard evaluation index system is constructed;Step 2, according to hazard evaluation index, the score of automobile fire safety protection performance is calculated;Step 3, according to the score of vehicle fire safety protection performance, the comprehensive level of vehicle fire safety protection performance is evaluated.The present application establishes automobile fire hazard evaluation method, from vehicle alarm, fire spread, temperature feeling and smoke feeling etc. multiple dimensions comprehensive evaluation automobile fire to the harm degree of crew in vehicle, realizes the quantification rating of automobile fire to crew threat, breaks through the bottleneck that existing device can only collect data and cannot evaluate, difficult to support engineering application, can provide theoretical basis and technical support for improving crew safety in automobile fire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method and system for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies, belonging to the field of fire experiment technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the number of cars on the road increasing year by year, the number of car fires is also rising, causing property damage and posing a serious threat to the personal safety of vehicle occupants. Major vehicle manufacturers are particularly concerned about the safety of occupants after a fire. Conducting vehicle fire simulation experiments, collecting data such as interior temperature and smoke concentration, and assessing the hazards to occupants at different stages of a fire are important means to slow the spread of flames and smoke and reduce the risk of injury to occupants after a fire.

[0003] Currently, most research institutions deploy temperature and smoke sensors in specific locations within the driver's cabin to monitor changes in temperature and smoke concentration, thus characterizing the thermal and toxic hazards of temperature and smoke to occupants. While this method is relatively inexpensive, it cannot effectively replicate the sensations of a fire inside a vehicle. In terms of biomimetic testing, Thermetrics developed the Burnie burning dummy system to characterize human skin burns, but it cannot monitor the diffusion of toxic gases. Furthermore, these dummy systems are expensive and require a controlled fire chamber, but the concentrated heat of a car fire can easily cause irreversible damage to the dummy. Against this backdrop, the earlier patent application "202411420561.7," entitled "A Biomimetic Testing System and Implementation Method for Fire Experiments," simulates human temperature and smoke sensations in car fire simulation experiments by deploying temperature monitoring points and smoke collection devices at key structural locations of the biomimetic dummy, while maintaining cost control. However, this invention still has many limitations. First, early signs of vehicle fires typically include instrument panel alarms and audible / visual alerts. If occupants notice these warnings and evacuate promptly, danger can be effectively avoided. However, this device lacks visual and auditory signal acquisition and analysis capabilities, making it unable to record the dynamic process of flame spread and smoke diffusion, and thus failing to recreate the occupants' perception and escape decision-making in the early stages of a fire. Second, this invention uses a pump-suction device to achieve continuous inhalation to simulate the breathing process, which is fundamentally different from the intermittent breathing pattern of the human body. Furthermore, it fails to precisely match the fixed breathing frequency with the inhalation volume, making it impossible to realistically reproduce the smoke inhalation process during a fire, resulting in significant errors in smoke exposure testing. Third, this invention only provides a single biomimetic test data acquisition hardware device, without constructing a data analysis model, hazard classification standards, or quantitative evaluation methods. It cannot deeply mine and scientifically analyze the collected data, making it difficult to achieve a systematic and quantitative assessment of vehicle fire safety performance. The test data cannot directly support the optimization of overall vehicle safety design.

[0004] In summary, existing testing devices or methods generally suffer from significant shortcomings, such as limited functionality, low physiological fidelity, poor scenario adaptability, and lack of systematic evaluation capabilities. They can no longer meet the needs of refined testing of occupant hazards in automotive fires. It is necessary to develop a dedicated dummy device for automotive fire experiments that integrates temperature field, smoke concentration, and audiovisual data acquisition, and to develop an automotive fire hazard assessment method based on the data collected from the dummy. This will quantitatively assess the harm of automotive fires to occupants and provide technical support for upgrading automotive fire safety performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Given the limitations of existing technologies, such as the inability to collect occupant visual and auditory data, insufficient simulation of the human respiratory system, and lack of supporting fire hazard assessment methods, this invention provides a method and system for evaluating the hazards of automotive fires based on experimental dummies. Building upon existing technologies that "deploy temperature monitoring points and smoke collection devices at key parts of a bionic dummy structure," this invention employs a high-definition camera and omnidirectional microphone to collect images of the area in front of the occupant and the in-vehicle sound field, monitors screen and audible alarms, and records the spread of flames and smoke inside the vehicle, thus simulating the occupant's visual and auditory experiences. By controlling the intermittent operation of a DC suction pump to simulate occupant breathing, and adjusting the pump's frequency and volume via a motor-driven chip, it precisely matches the breathing characteristics of passengers of different body types, genders, and ages, recording changes in inhaled smoke concentration during an automotive fire. Combining temperature field, smoke concentration, and visual and auditory data, a complete automotive fire hazard assessment method is established, conducting a comprehensive evaluation from multiple dimensions, including vehicle alarm response, human body temperature thermal hazards, and smoke inhalation toxicity. This enables a quantitative and graded assessment of the degree of harm posed by automotive fires to occupants, providing technical support for improving the safety of occupants in the driver's cab during automotive fires.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies, comprising the following steps: Step 1, collecting data from automobile fire experiments using experimental dummies to construct a hazard evaluation index system; Step 2, calculating the automobile fire safety protection performance score based on the hazard evaluation index; Step 3, evaluating the comprehensive level of vehicle fire safety protection performance based on the vehicle fire safety protection performance score; the hazard evaluation index includes the weights of primary indicators for early warning safety, smoke safety, and thermal safety, and the weights and scores of secondary indicators for early warning safety, smoke safety, and thermal safety. The primary indicators for early warning safety consist of two secondary indicators: screen alarm and sound alarm; the primary indicators for flue gas safety consist of six secondary indicators: sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, and combustible gas; and the primary indicators for thermal safety consist of eight secondary indicators: facial thermal safety, chest thermal safety, left hand thermal safety, right hand thermal safety, left leg thermal safety, right leg thermal safety, left foot thermal safety, and right foot thermal safety. The formula for calculating the fire safety protection performance score of a vehicle is as follows: ; In the formula, M represents the vehicle fire safety protection performance score, ∑ j The representative performs a weighted summation of the scores for the secondary indicators, ∑ i The representative performs a weighted summation of the scores for the primary indicators, W. i As the weight of the primary indicator, W ij As secondary indicator weights, This is a correction item for the secondary indicator score. This is a secondary indicator score correction factor set according to different population types. When the experimental dummy is set to an adult body type, the value is 1; when the experimental dummy is set to a child body type, the value is 2. Different values ​​can be set for different populations; under the same parameter, a larger value indicates a more stringent score. S ij The score is for the secondary indicator. For the extreme value constraint term, min(S) ij This represents the lowest score among all secondary indicators, thus preventing a high total score even when a particular indicator scores 0. When M≥90, the overall fire safety protection performance of the vehicle is excellent; when 80≤M<90, the overall fire safety protection performance is good; when 60≤M<80, the overall fire safety protection performance is average; and when M<60, the overall fire safety protection performance is poor.

[0007] An evaluation system for automobile fire hazards based on experimental dummies includes gas sensors I, II, III, IV, V, and VI installed in a detection chamber; multiplex analog switches I, II, III, and IV; a CPU; a thermocouple signal conversion chip; a wireless radio frequency chip I and II; a motor drive chip; a tablet computer; a WIFI audio / video transmission module; a DC suction pump; a USB storage device; and a K-type thermocouple I. The system includes K-type thermocouples II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII, a lithium battery, a camera, and a microphone; the lithium battery is connected to multiplex analog switches I, II, III, and IV, a CPU, a thermocouple signal conversion chip, a wireless radio frequency chip I, a motor drive chip, a WIFI audio / video transmission module, and gas sensors I, II, III, IV, V, and V. VI is connected to the camera; the CPU is connected to multiplex analog switch I, multiplex analog switch II, multiplex analog switch III, multiplex analog switch IV, thermocouple signal conversion chip, wireless radio frequency chip I, and motor drive chip respectively. Multiplex analog switch I is connected to K-type thermocouples I, II, III, and IV, and the thermocouple signal conversion chip respectively. Multiplex analog switch II is connected to K-type thermocouples V, VI, VII, and VIII, and the thermocouple signal conversion chip respectively. Analog switch III is connected to gas sensor I, gas sensor II, gas sensor III, and gas sensor IV respectively. The multi-channel analog switch IV is connected to gas sensor V and gas sensor VI respectively. The wireless radio frequency chip I is connected to wireless radio frequency chip II via wireless communication. The camera and microphone are connected to the tablet computer via a WIFI audio and video transmission module via wireless communication. The tablet computer is connected to wireless radio frequency chip II and a USB memory respectively. The motor drive chip is connected to the detection chamber via a DC suction pump.

[0008] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By arranging a high-definition camera at the eyes of the human model, the invention can collect real-time images of the occupants inside the vehicle and record the spread of flames and smoke in the early stages of a fire; by arranging an omnidirectional microphone at the ears of the human model, the invention can simultaneously record audio information from the driver's cab. By recreating the visual and auditory sensations of the occupants inside the vehicle, the invention can monitor the early sound and image alarms of vehicle malfunctions, providing key data support for analyzing the timeliness and effectiveness of in-vehicle early warning information and the conditions for occupants' escape decisions.

[0009] This invention recreates the temperature field distribution of the human body during a car fire by placing temperature sensors on key parts of a human body model. This avoids the discrepancy between scattered temperature data and the human body's perception of fire temperature. A gas collection chamber is set up inside the experimental dummy's chest cavity, and the intermittent inhalation of a DC suction pump is combined to simulate the human respiratory system. This monitors the impact of changes in smoke concentration inside the vehicle on the occupants, achieving accurate simulation of human body temperature and smoke sensation during a car fire, and improving the consistency between collected data and human perception. By adjusting the intermittent pumping frequency and inhalation volume to precisely match the breathing characteristics of passengers of different body shapes, genders, and ages, this invention avoids the problems of uncontrollable frequency and inhalation volume and low biomimicry of existing continuous pumping gas collection methods, which lead to significant errors between the actual smoke exposure of personnel and the test results.

[0010] This invention establishes a method for assessing the hazards of automobile fires. It comprehensively evaluates the degree of harm to occupants from multiple dimensions, including vehicle alarm, fire spread, temperature sensing, and smoke sensing. It achieves a quantitative rating of the threat posed by automobile fires to occupants, breaking through the bottleneck of existing devices that can only collect data but cannot evaluate and support engineering applications. This invention can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for improving occupant safety in automobile fires.

[0011] This invention can be applied in fire simulation experiments in various scenarios, including automobiles, buildings, and other passenger transport facilities. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 The system connection diagram for implementing the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main control board of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental dummy used in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back of the experimental dummy of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the implementation method of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0013] In the diagram: 1. Detection chamber; 1-1. Air outlet; 2. Main control board; 3. DC suction pump; 3-1. Air inlet pipe; 3-2. Air delivery pipe; 4. Experimental dummy; 4-1. Back opening; 4-2. Mouth; 4-3. Chest; 4-4. Back of left hand; 4-5. Back of right hand; 4-6. Left knee; 4-7. Right knee; 4-8. Left foot; 4-9. Right foot; 4-10. Eyes; 4-11. Ears; 4-12. Nostrils. Detailed Implementation

[0014] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, an evaluation system for automobile fire hazards based on experimental dummies includes gas sensors I, II, III, IV, V, and VI installed in the detection chamber 1; it also includes multiplex analog switches I, II, III, and IV, a CPU, a thermocouple signal conversion chip, a wireless radio frequency chip I, a motor drive chip, a DC suction pump 3, a lithium battery, and the detection chamber 1 installed on the main control board 2; it further includes a wireless radio frequency chip II, a tablet computer, a WIFI audio and video transmission module, a USB memory, K-type thermocouples I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII, a camera, and a microphone.

[0015] Multiplexer I is used to switch input channels under CPU control, allowing signals from thermocouples I to IV to enter the thermocouple signal conversion chip in a time-sharing manner; multiplexer II is used to switch channels under CPU control, allowing signals from thermocouples V to VIII to enter the thermocouple signal conversion chip in a time-sharing manner; multiplexer III is used to switch channels under CPU control, allowing the CPU to read concentration data from gas sensors I, II, III, and IV in a time-sharing manner via the serial interface; multiplexer IV is used to switch channels under CPU control, allowing the CPU to read concentration data from gas sensors V and VI in a time-sharing manner via the serial interface; multiplexer I, II, III, and IV are all model CD4052.

[0016] The CPU is used for system task scheduling, reading temperature and gas sensor concentration data from the thermocouple signal transmitter, controlling the start / stop and suction power of the DC suction pump 3, driving the wireless RF transceiver I to send temperature and concentration data to the wireless RF transceiver II, and adjusting the start / stop and suction power of the DC suction pump; the thermocouple signal conversion chip is used to convert the K-type thermocouple signal selected by multiplexer I and multiplexer II into temperature data, which is read by the CPU through the SPI interface. The thermocouple signal conversion chip model is MAX31856. Wireless RF chip I is used to transmit temperature data and gas sensor concentration data to wireless RF transceiver II in the form of wireless RF signals; wireless RF chip II is used to receive temperature data and gas sensor concentration data sent by wireless RF transceiver I and read by the tablet computer through the serial port. The chip model used by wireless RF chip I and wireless RF chip II is Si4463. The tablet computer is used to receive temperature and gas concentration data via the wireless radio frequency chip II, receive video and audio data sent by the WiFi audio and video transmission module, and simultaneously display temperature, gas concentration, and audio and video. A camera is positioned at the eyes (4-10) of the experimental dummy 4 to capture information about the scene in front of the dummy 4; a microphone is positioned at the ears (4-11) of the experimental dummy 4 to collect sound inside the vehicle; a DC suction pump 3 uses intermittent suction action, and the suction frequency and volume are controlled by a motor driver chip to simulate the breathing patterns of different groups of people, thus reproducing the process of occupants inhaling smoke during a fire; the motor driver chip is model TB6612FNG, which is used to adjust the start / stop of the suction pump and the suction power under CPU control; the WiFi audio and video transmission module is model Ezviz C1HC, which is used to receive data from the camera and microphone and send it to the tablet computer.

[0017] Type K thermocouple I is installed inside the experimental dummy 4, on the mouth 4-2, to measure the facial temperature of the experimental dummy 4; Type K thermocouple II is installed inside the experimental dummy 4, on the chest 4-3, to measure the chest temperature of the experimental dummy 4; Type K thermocouple III is installed inside the experimental dummy 4, on the back of the left hand 4-4, to measure the left hand temperature of the experimental dummy 4; Type K thermocouple IV is installed inside the experimental dummy 4, on the back of the right hand 4-5, to measure the right hand temperature of the experimental dummy 4. Type K thermocouple V is installed inside the experimental dummy 4 on the left knee (4-6) of the experimental dummy 4 to measure the temperature of the left knee; Type K thermocouple VI is installed inside the experimental dummy 4 on the right knee (4-7) of the experimental dummy 4 to measure the temperature of the right knee; Type K thermocouple VII is installed inside the experimental dummy 4 at the left foot (4-8) of the experimental dummy 4 to measure the temperature of the left foot; Type K thermocouple VIII is installed inside the experimental dummy 4 at the right foot (4-9) of the experimental dummy 4 to measure the temperature of the right foot. Add K-type thermocouples VII and VIII to achieve temperature monitoring of various parts of the experimental dummy. The temperature measurement range of the K-type thermocouple is 0-1000℃. The probe uses an ultra-fine thermocouple to ensure temperature sensing sensitivity. Gas sensor I in detection chamber 1 is used to measure the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) inhaled by experimental dummy 4 in detection chamber 1, with a CO concentration range of 0-20000 ppm; gas sensor II is used to measure the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inhaled by experimental dummy 4 in detection chamber 1, with an NO2 concentration range of 0-2000 ppm; gas sensor III is used to measure the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) inhaled by experimental dummy 4 in detection chamber 1, with an SO2 concentration range of 0-2000 ppm; gas sensor IV is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhaled by experimental dummy 4 in detection chamber 1, with an H2 concentration range of 0-2000 ppm; gas sensor V is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen (H2) inhaled by experimental dummy 4 in detection chamber 1, with an H2 concentration range of 0-2000 ppm; and gas sensor VI is used to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) inhaled by experimental dummy 4 in detection chamber 1, with a CO2 concentration range of 0-50000 ppm. The gas sensor can be replaced with other types of gas sensors depending on the battery type and experimental needs; the size of the experimental dummy 4 is designed according to experimental requirements, and it can be an adult-sized experimental dummy or a child-sized experimental dummy.

[0018] Combustible gases are one or more combinations of gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, and ethane.

[0019] The weights of the primary indicators for early warning safety, flue gas safety, and thermal safety are as follows: the weight of the primary indicator for early warning safety is 0-40%, the weight of the primary indicator for flue gas safety is 20-65%, and the weight of the primary indicator for thermal safety is 20-65%.

[0020] The weights of the secondary indicators for early warning safety, flue gas safety, and thermal safety are as follows: The secondary indicators for early warning safety consist of screen alarms and audible alarms, with screen alarms accounting for 10-90% of the weight and audible alarms accounting for 10-90% of the weight. The secondary safety indicators for flue gas consist of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, and combustible gases. The weights for the secondary indicators of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, and combustible gases are 5-60% each. The secondary thermal safety index consists of facial thermal safety, chest thermal safety, left hand thermal safety, right hand thermal safety, left leg thermal safety, right leg thermal safety, left foot thermal safety, and right foot thermal safety. The weights for the secondary thermal safety indexes are 5-60% for the facial thermal safety index, 5-60% for the chest thermal safety index, 5-40% for the left hand thermal safety index, 5-40% for the right hand thermal safety index, 5-40% for the left leg thermal safety index, 5-40% for the right leg thermal safety index, 5-40% for the left foot thermal safety index, and 5-40% for the right foot thermal safety index. The weights of the primary and secondary indicators mentioned above are constructed with reference to the "Special Evaluation Procedure for Safety of New Energy Vehicles in China" and combined with many years of experience in electric vehicle combustion experiments. They can be adjusted appropriately according to the test models.

[0021] The scoring method for the screen alarm secondary indicator in the early warning safety secondary indicator is as follows: If the camera detects a clear alarm message on the screen inside the vehicle within 300 seconds after the vehicle catches fire or the power battery triggers thermal runaway, 100 points are awarded; if the camera detects a clear alarm message on the screen inside the vehicle within 301-600 seconds before the flames or smoke enter the driver's cabin, 60 points are awarded; and no alarm is awarded 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary indicator of sound alarm is as follows: if the microphone detects an alarm sound from the in-vehicle speaker within 300 seconds after the vehicle catches fire or the power battery triggers thermal runaway, 100 points are awarded; if the microphone detects an alarm sound from the in-vehicle speaker within 301-600 seconds before the in-vehicle compartment enters the vehicle, 60 points are awarded; and no alarm is awarded 0 points.

[0022] The scoring method for the sulfur dioxide secondary index in the secondary index of flue gas safety is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the concentration of sulfur dioxide detected by gas sensor III on experimental dummy 4 is recorded as C1. C1 < 10 ppm gets 100 points, 10 ppm ≤ C1 < 50 ppm gets 80 points, 50 ppm ≤ C1 ≤ 100 ppm gets 60 points, and more than 100 ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary carbon monoxide index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the carbon monoxide concentration detected by gas sensor I on experimental dummy 4 is recorded as C2. C2 < 100ppm gets 100 points, 100ppm ≤ C2 < 500ppm gets 80 points, 500ppm ≤ C2 ≤ 1000ppm gets 60 points, and more than 1000ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary hydrogen sulfide index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected by gas sensor IV on experimental dummy 4 is recorded as C3. C3 < 10 ppm gets 100 points, 10 ppm ≤ C3 < 50 ppm gets 80 points, 50 ppm ≤ C3 ≤ 100 ppm gets 60 points, and more than 100 ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary indicator of nitrogen dioxide is as follows: Within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide detected by gas sensor II on experimental dummy 4 is recorded as C4. C4 < 5ppm gets 100 points, 5ppm ≤ C4 < 20ppm gets 80 points, 20ppm ≤ C4 ≤ 50ppm gets 60 points, and more than 50ppm gets 0 points. The calculation method for the carbon dioxide secondary index score is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the carbon dioxide concentration detected by gas sensor VI on experimental dummy 4 is recorded as C5. C5 < 5000ppm gets 100 points, 5000ppm ≤ C5 < 10000ppm gets 80 points, 10000ppm ≤ C5 ≤ 30000ppm gets 60 points, and more than 30000ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary index of combustible gas is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the sum of hydrogen and carbon monoxide concentrations C6 detected by gas sensor V on experimental dummy 4 is less than 1%, 1% ≤ C6 < 2%, 80 points are awarded; 2% ≤ C6 ≤ 4%, 60 points are awarded; and more than 4%, 0 points are awarded.

[0023] The scoring method for the facial thermal safety secondary index in the secondary thermal safety index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by K-type thermocouple I at the facial temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy 4 is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The calculation method for the secondary index of chest thermal safety is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by K-type thermocouple II at the chest temperature monitoring point of experimental dummy 4 is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the left-hand thermal safety level 2 index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by K-type thermocouple III at the left-hand temperature monitoring point of experimental dummy 4 is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the second-level thermal safety index of the right hand is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple IV at the temperature monitoring point of the right hand of the experimental dummy 4 is less than 50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the left leg is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple V at the temperature monitoring point of the left knee of the experimental dummy 4 is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the second-level thermal safety index of the right leg is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple VI at the temperature monitoring point of the right knee of the experimental dummy 4 is less than 50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the secondary thermal safety index of the left foot is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple VII at the temperature monitoring point of the left foot of the experimental dummy 4 is less than 50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the second-level thermal safety index of the right foot is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple VIII at the temperature monitoring point of the right foot of the experimental dummy 4 is less than 50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded.

[0024] The system works as follows: The main control board is fixed inside the chest cavity of the experimental dummy, the experimental dummy is placed inside the vehicle, and the air intake pipe 3-1 of the DC air pump is placed inside the model at the position of the experimental dummy's nostrils 4-12. After the system is powered on, igniting flammable external parts of the car or triggering thermal runaway of the power battery will start the car fire test. The CPU drives the motor drive chip, and the DC suction pump 3 starts to work. It sends the gas in the detection area inside the car into the detection chamber 1 through the air inlet pipe 3-1 and the air delivery pipe 3-2, and then returns to the car through the air outlet 1-1 of the detection chamber 1 and the back hole 4-1 of the test dummy. The cycle repeats. The DC suction pump 3 adopts an intermittent suction action, with a 2-second interval between each 2-second inhalation. Each inhalation volume is 500ml, and the inhalation rate is maintained at 15 times per minute to simulate the human breathing rate and inhalation volume, so as to achieve the effect of simulating the breathing rate and inhalation volume of an adult. Step 1: The CPU selects channels I, II, III, and IV of the multi-channel analog switch I. The signals acquired by K-type thermocouples I, II, III, and IV respectively enter the thermocouple signal conversion chip. The thermocouple signal conversion chip automatically converts the thermocouple signals into digital temperature values. The CPU reads the converted temperature values ​​and stores them in the CPU memory. Step 2: The CPU selects channels I, II, III, and IV of multiplex analog switch II, respectively. The signals acquired by K-type thermocouples V, VI, VII, and VIII enter the thermocouple signal conversion chip, which automatically converts the thermocouple signals into digital temperature values. The CPU reads the converted temperature values ​​and stores them in its memory. The CPU then selects channels I, II, III, and IV of multiplex analog switch III, respectively. The CPU's serial port connects to the serial ports of gas sensors I, II, III, and IV. The CPU sends a query command, and gas sensors I, II, III, and IV reply with the acquired concentration data. The CPU reads the returned concentration data and stores it in its memory. Step 3: The CPU selects channel I of multiplex analog switch IV and channel II of multiplex analog switch IV respectively. At this time, the CPU serial port is connected to the serial ports of gas sensor V and gas sensor VI respectively. The CPU sends a query command, and gas sensor V and gas sensor VI reply with the obtained concentration data. The CPU reads the returned concentration data and stores it in memory. Step 4: After completing the above data collection, the CPU packages the temperature and concentration data, adds a checksum, and sends it to wireless transceiver II via wireless transceiver I (wired transmission can also be configured). Step 5: The tablet computer reads the temperature and concentration data received by the wireless RF transceiver II in real time through the serial port, displays it graphically on the tablet computer screen according to the actual measurement point layout, and stores it to the USB memory every 1 second. The camera captures the image information in front of the experimental dummy 4. The camera is connected to the wireless radio frequency transmitter II and transmits the image to the mobile device via WIFI signal. The mobile device records the image information captured by the camera. The microphone collects sound from inside the vehicle. The microphone is connected to the wireless radio frequency transmitter II and transmits the collected sound information to the mobile device via WIFI signal. The mobile device records the sound information collected by the microphone. Through the above steps, it is possible to test the concentration changes of smoke inside the car through the inhalation detection chamber and to sense the changes in the ambient temperature around the experimental dummy in the event of a fire, providing a data basis for assessing the degree of harm to the occupants in the driver's cab when a car fire occurs.

[0025] Example 1: As Figure 5 As shown, in step 1, electric vehicle No. 1 is selected as the test vehicle, and a heating element is placed in the battery pack to trigger thermal runaway of the electric vehicle. The intake frequency and intake volume are controlled by the motor drive chip.

[0026] Step 2. Place the adult-shaped bionic experimental dummy 4 in the driver's seat position, adjust the inhalation frequency to 15 times per minute, each inhalation lasts 2 seconds, with a 2-second interval, and each inhalation volume is 500ml, simulating the breathing behavior of a normal adult; start the data transmission of the experimental dummy 4.

[0027] Step 3. Turn on the heating element to heat the power battery. After turning on the heating, the vehicle releases a large amount of smoke in 3 minutes, the vehicle catches fire in 10 minutes, the flames enter the driver's cab in 25 minutes, and the fire is extinguished in 30 minutes. During the experiment, the experimental dummy 4 and the tablet computer maintain normal communication. The experimental dummy 4 collects the image and sound information, smoke concentration data and temperature data monitored during the experiment.

[0028] Step 4. Based on the structural characteristics of electric vehicles, determine the weights of the primary indicators for early warning safety, smoke safety, and thermal safety as follows: 20% for early warning safety, 40% for smoke safety, and 40% for thermal safety. The weights for the secondary indicators of early warning safety, flue gas safety, and thermal safety are determined as follows: In early warning safety, the weight of the screen alarm secondary indicator is 50%, and the weight of the sound alarm secondary indicator is 50%. In flue gas safety, the weighting of secondary indicators for sulfur dioxide is 15%, carbon monoxide is 15%, hydrogen sulfide is 15%, nitrogen dioxide is 15%, carbon dioxide is 15%, and combustible gas is 25%. In thermal safety, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the face is 20%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the chest is 20%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the left hand is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the right hand is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the left leg is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the right leg is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the left foot is 10%, and the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the right foot is 10%.

[0029] Step 5. Analyze the image and sound information collected by the experimental dummy 4. 30 seconds after heating is turned on, the camera detects the words "High Temperature Warning" appearing on the in-vehicle screen. According to the calculation method of the secondary indicator score of screen alarm in early warning safety, the score of the secondary indicator of screen alarm is 100 points. 35 seconds after heating is turned on, the microphone detects the "beep beep" alarm sound emitted by the in-vehicle speaker. According to the calculation method of the secondary indicator score of sound alarm in early warning safety, the score of the secondary indicator of sound alarm is 100 points. .

[0030] Step 6. Analyze the flue gas concentration data collected by the experimental dummy 4. Within 15 minutes after heating is turned on, the gas sensor III on the experimental dummy 4 detects that the sulfur dioxide concentration C1 is always 0 ppm. According to the calculation method of the secondary index score of sulfur dioxide in flue gas safety, the secondary index score of sulfur dioxide is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, gas sensor I on experimental dummy 4 consistently detected a carbon monoxide concentration (C2) of 0 ppm, resulting in a score of 100 points according to the calculation method for the secondary indicator of carbon monoxide in flue gas safety. Within the same 15 minutes, gas sensor IV on experimental dummy 4 consistently detected a hydrogen sulfide concentration (C3) of 0 ppm, also resulting in a score of 100 points according to the calculation method for the secondary indicator of hydrogen sulfide in flue gas safety. Within the same 15 minutes, gas sensor II on experimental dummy 4 consistently detected a nitrogen dioxide concentration (C4) of 0 ppm, also resulting in a score of 100 points according to the calculation method for the secondary indicator of nitrogen dioxide in flue gas safety. The calculation method for the secondary indicator score of nitrogen dioxide is as follows: the secondary indicator score of nitrogen dioxide is 100 points. Within 15 minutes after heating is started, the gas sensor VI on experimental dummy 4 detects a maximum carbon dioxide concentration C5 of 800 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary indicator score of carbon dioxide in flue gas safety, the secondary indicator score of carbon dioxide is 100 points. Within 15 minutes after heating is started, the sum of the hydrogen concentration detected by gas sensor V and the carbon monoxide concentration detected by gas sensor I on experimental dummy 4, C6, remains at 0 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary indicator score of combustible gas in flue gas safety, the secondary indicator score of combustible gas is 100 points. .

[0031] Step 7. Analyze the temperature data collected from experimental dummy 4. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of experimental dummy 4's face collected by K-type thermocouple I was 36℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the face in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the face is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of experimental dummy 4's chest collected by K-type thermocouple II was 34℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the chest in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the chest is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of experimental dummy 4's left hand collected by K-type thermocouple III was 29℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the left hand in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the left hand is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of experimental dummy 4's right hand collected by K-type thermocouple IV was 29℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the right hand in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the right hand is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, thermocouple V collected the highest temperature of the left knee of dummy 4 at 28℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the left knee in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the left knee is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, thermocouple VI collected the highest temperature of the right knee of dummy 4 at 28℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the right knee in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the right knee is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, thermocouple VII collected the highest temperature of the left foot of dummy 4 at 28℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the left foot in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the left foot is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, thermocouple VIII collected the highest temperature of the right foot of dummy 4 at 28℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the right foot in thermal safety, the score for the secondary thermal safety index of the right foot is 100 points. .

[0032] Step 8. Calculate the vehicle fire safety protection performance score according to the hazard assessment index formula. The scores from the primary and secondary indicators determined in Step 4, the visual and audio information collected in Step 5, the smoke concentration data collected in Step 6, and the temperature data collected in Step 7 are used to calculate the vehicle fire safety protection performance evaluation result using the following formula. ; According to the scoring rules for fire safety protection performance of automobiles, the No. 1 electric vehicle has an excellent overall rating for fire safety protection performance for adult drivers in the driver's cab.

[0033] Example 2: Step 1. Select electric vehicle No. 2 as the test vehicle, place a heating element in the battery pack to trigger thermal runaway of the electric vehicle, and control the intake frequency and intake volume through the motor drive chip.

[0034] Step 2. Place the child-shaped bionic experimental dummy 4 in the driver's seat position, adjust the inhalation frequency to 20 times per minute, each inhalation lasts 1.5 seconds, with a 1.5-second interval, and each inhalation volume is 150 ml to simulate the breathing behavior of a normal child, and start the data transmission of the experimental dummy 4.

[0035] Step 3. Turn on the heating element to heat the power battery. After turning on the heating, the vehicle releases a large amount of smoke in 5 minutes, the vehicle catches fire in 12 minutes, the flames enter the driver's cab in 27 minutes, and the fire is extinguished in 30 minutes. During the experiment, the experimental dummy 4 and the tablet computer maintain normal communication. The experimental dummy 4 collects the image and sound information, smoke concentration data and temperature data monitored throughout the experiment.

[0036] Step 4. Based on the structural characteristics of electric vehicles, determine the weights of the primary indicators for early warning safety, smoke safety, and thermal safety as follows: the weight of the primary indicator for early warning safety is 20%. The weight of the primary indicator for flue gas safety is 40%, and the weight of the primary indicator for thermal safety is 40%. The weights for the secondary indicators of early warning safety, flue gas safety, and thermal safety are determined as follows: In early warning safety, the weight of the screen alarm secondary indicator is 50%, and the weight of the audible alarm secondary indicator is 50%; In flue gas safety, the weights of the sulfur dioxide secondary indicator, carbon monoxide secondary indicator, hydrogen sulfide secondary indicator, nitrogen dioxide secondary indicator, carbon dioxide secondary indicator, and combustible gas secondary indicator are 15% and 25%, respectively. In thermal safety, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the face is 20%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the chest is 20%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the left hand is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the right hand is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the left leg is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the right leg is 10%, the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the left foot is 10%, and the weight of the secondary thermal safety indicators for the right foot is 10%.

[0037] Step 5. Analyze the image and sound information collected by the experimental dummy 4. 15 seconds after the heating is turned on, the camera detects the words "high temperature alarm" on the screen inside the car. According to the calculation method of the secondary indicator score of screen alarm in the early warning safety, the score of the secondary indicator of screen alarm is 100 points. 17 seconds after the heating is turned on, the microphone detects a "beep" alarm sound from the car's speaker. According to the calculation method for the secondary indicator score of the sound alarm in the early warning safety, the score of the secondary indicator of the sound alarm is 100 points. .

[0038] Step 6. Analyze the flue gas concentration data collected by experimental dummy 4. Within 15 minutes after heating was started, the highest sulfur dioxide concentration (C1) detected by gas sensor III on experimental dummy 4 was 35 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary index score of sulfur dioxide in flue gas safety, the score for the secondary index of sulfur dioxide is 80 points. Within 15 minutes after heating was started, the highest carbon monoxide concentration (C2) detected by gas sensor I on experimental dummy 4 was 130 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary index score of carbon monoxide in flue gas safety, the score for the secondary index of carbon monoxide is 80 points. Within 15 minutes after heating was started, the hydrogen sulfide concentration (C3) detected by gas sensor IV on experimental dummy 4 remained at 0 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary index score of hydrogen sulfide in flue gas safety, the score for the secondary index of hydrogen sulfide is... 100 points; Within 15 minutes after heating was started, the nitrogen dioxide concentration C4 detected by gas sensor II on experimental dummy 4 remained at 0 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary index score of nitrogen dioxide in flue gas safety, the score for the secondary index of nitrogen dioxide is 100 points; Within 15 minutes after heating was started, the carbon dioxide concentration C5 detected by gas sensor VI on experimental dummy 4 reached a maximum of 750 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary index score of carbon dioxide in flue gas safety, the score for the secondary index of carbon dioxide is 100 points; Within 15 minutes after heating was started, the sum of the hydrogen concentration C6 detected by gas sensor V and the carbon monoxide concentration detected by gas sensor I on experimental dummy 4 remained at 0 ppm. According to the calculation method for the secondary index score of combustible gas in flue gas safety, the score for the secondary index of combustible gas is 100 points; .

[0039] Step 7. Analyze the temperature data collected from experimental dummy 4. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the face of experimental dummy 4 collected by K-type thermocouple I was 53℃. According to the calculation method of the secondary thermal safety index score for the face, the score for the secondary thermal safety index for the face is 80 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the chest of experimental dummy 4 collected by K-type thermocouple II was 42℃. According to the calculation method of the secondary thermal safety index score for the chest, the score for the secondary thermal safety index for the chest is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the left hand of experimental dummy 4 collected by K-type thermocouple III was 26℃. According to the calculation method of the secondary thermal safety index score for the left hand, the score for the secondary thermal safety index for the left hand is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the right hand of experimental dummy 4 collected by K-type thermocouple IV was 26℃. According to the calculation method of the secondary thermal safety index score for the right hand, the score for the right hand is 100 points. The secondary indicator score is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the left knee of dummy 4 collected by thermocouple V (K-type) is 26℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary indicator score of the left knee thermal safety in thermal safety, the secondary indicator score of the left knee thermal safety is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the right knee of dummy 4 collected by thermocouple VI (K-type) is 27℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary indicator score of the right knee thermal safety in thermal safety, the secondary indicator score of the right knee thermal safety is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the left foot of dummy 4 collected by thermocouple VII (K-type) is 27℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary indicator score of the left foot thermal safety in thermal safety, the secondary indicator score of the left foot thermal safety is 100 points. Within 15 minutes of heating, the highest temperature of the right foot of dummy 4 collected by thermocouple VIII (K-type) is 25℃. According to the calculation method for the secondary indicator score of the right foot thermal safety in thermal safety, the secondary indicator score of the right foot thermal safety is 100 points. .

[0040] Step 8. Calculate the vehicle fire safety protection performance score according to the evaluation index formula. The scores for the primary and secondary indicators determined in Step 4, the scores for the visual and audio information collected in Step 5, the scores for the smoke concentration data collected in Step 6, and the scores for the temperature data collected in Step 7 are used to calculate the vehicle fire safety protection performance evaluation result using the following formula. ; According to the scoring rules for fire safety protection performance of automobiles, the overall rating of fire safety protection performance for child occupants in the driver's cab of electric vehicle No. 2 is good.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Step 1, collect data from car fire experiments using experimental dummies to construct a hazard assessment index system; Step 2, calculate the car fire safety protection performance score based on the hazard assessment index; Step 3, evaluate the comprehensive level of vehicle fire safety protection performance based on the vehicle fire safety protection performance score; The hazard assessment index includes the primary index weights of early warning safety, smoke safety, and thermal safety, and the secondary index weights and scores of the secondary indexes of early warning safety, smoke safety, and thermal safety. The primary indicators for early warning safety consist of two secondary indicators: screen alarm and sound alarm; the primary indicators for flue gas safety consist of six secondary indicators: sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, and combustible gas; and the primary indicators for thermal safety consist of eight secondary indicators: facial thermal safety, chest thermal safety, left hand thermal safety, right hand thermal safety, left leg thermal safety, right leg thermal safety, left foot thermal safety, and right foot thermal safety. The formula for calculating the fire safety protection performance score of a vehicle is as follows: ； In the formula, M represents the vehicle fire safety protection performance score, ∑ j The representative performs a weighted summation of the scores for the secondary indicators, ∑ i The representative performs a weighted summation of the scores for the primary indicators, W. i As the weight of the primary indicator, W ij The weights of the secondary indicators This is a correction item for the secondary indicator score. S is a secondary indicator score correction factor set according to different population types. ij The score is for the secondary indicator. For the extreme value constraint term, min(S) ij The lowest score among all secondary indicators; When M≥90, the overall fire safety protection performance of the vehicle is excellent; when 80≤M<90, the overall fire safety protection performance is good; when 60≤M<80, the overall fire safety protection performance is average; and when M<60, the overall fire safety protection performance is poor.

2. The method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weights of the primary indicators for early warning safety, flue gas safety, and thermal safety are as follows: the weight of the primary indicator for early warning safety is 0-40%, the weight of the primary indicator for flue gas safety is 20-65%, and the weight of the primary indicator for thermal safety is 20-65%.

3. The method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies according to claim 2, characterized in that, The secondary indicator weight for screen alarms is 10-90%, and the secondary indicator weight for sound alarms is 10-90%. The secondary indicators for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, and combustible gases have a weight of 5-60%; The weighting of the secondary indicators for facial thermal safety is 5-60%, the weighting of the secondary indicators for chest thermal safety is 5-60%, the weighting of the secondary indicators for left hand thermal safety is 5-40%, the weighting of the secondary indicators for right hand thermal safety is 5-40%, the weighting of the secondary indicators for left leg thermal safety is 5-40%, the weighting of the secondary indicators for right leg thermal safety is 5-40%, the weighting of the secondary indicators for left foot thermal safety is 5-40%, and the weighting of the secondary indicators for right foot thermal safety is 5-40%.

4. The method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies according to claim 3, characterized in that, The scoring method for the screen alarm secondary indicator in the aforementioned early warning safety secondary indicator is as follows: after the vehicle catches fire or the power battery triggers thermal runaway, if the camera detects a clear alarm message on the screen inside the vehicle within 300 seconds and before flames or smoke enter the driver's cab, 100 points are awarded; if the camera detects a clear alarm message on the screen inside the vehicle within 301-600 seconds and before flames or smoke enter the driver's cab, 60 points are awarded; and if no alarm is detected, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the secondary indicator of sound alarm is as follows: if the microphone detects an alarm sound from the in-vehicle speaker within 300 seconds after the vehicle catches fire or the power battery triggers thermal runaway, 100 points are awarded; if the microphone detects an alarm sound from the in-vehicle speaker within 301-600 seconds before the in-vehicle compartment enters the vehicle, 60 points are awarded; and no alarm is awarded 0 points.

5. The method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies according to claim 4, characterized in that, The scoring method for the sulfur dioxide secondary index in the flue gas safety secondary index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the concentration of sulfur dioxide detected by the gas sensor III on the experimental dummy is recorded as C1. C1 < 10 ppm gets 100 points, 10 ppm ≤ C1 < 50 ppm gets 80 points, 50 ppm ≤ C1 ≤ 100 ppm gets 60 points, and more than 100 ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary carbon monoxide index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the carbon monoxide concentration detected by gas sensor I on the experimental dummy is recorded as C2. C2 < 100ppm gets 100 points, 100ppm ≤ C2 < 500ppm gets 80 points, 500ppm ≤ C2 ≤ 1000ppm gets 60 points, and more than 1000ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary hydrogen sulfide index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide detected by gas sensor IV on the experimental dummy is recorded as C3. C3 < 10 ppm gets 100 points, 10 ppm ≤ C3 < 50 ppm gets 80 points, 50 ppm ≤ C3 ≤ 100 ppm gets 60 points, and more than 100 ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary indicator of nitrogen dioxide is as follows: Within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide detected by gas sensor II on the experimental dummy is recorded as C4. C4 < 5ppm gets 100 points, 5ppm ≤ C4 < 20ppm gets 80 points, 20ppm ≤ C4 ≤ 50ppm gets 60 points, and more than 50ppm gets 0 points. The calculation method for the carbon dioxide secondary index score is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the gas sensor VI on the experimental dummy is recorded as C5. C5 < 5000ppm gets 100 points, 5000ppm ≤ C5 < 10000ppm gets 80 points, 10000ppm ≤ C5 ≤ 30000ppm gets 60 points, and more than 30000ppm gets 0 points. The scoring method for the secondary index of combustible gas is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the sum of the concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (C6) detected by gas sensor V and gas sensor I on the experimental dummy is less than 1%, 1% ≤ C6 < 2%, 80 points are awarded; 2% ≤ C6 ≤ 4%, 60 points are awarded; and more than 4%, 0 points are awarded.

6. The method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies according to claim 5, characterized in that, The scoring method for the facial thermal safety secondary index in the thermal safety secondary index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple I at the temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy's face is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the secondary index of chest thermal safety is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple II at the chest temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the left-hand thermal safety level 2 index is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple III at the temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy's left hand is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the second-level thermal safety index of the right hand is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple IV at the temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy's right hand is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The calculation method for the secondary thermal safety index of the left leg is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple V at the temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy's left knee is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the second-level thermal safety index of the right leg is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple VI at the temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy's right knee is <50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the secondary thermal safety index of the left foot is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple VII at the temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy's left foot is less than 50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded. The scoring method for the second-level thermal safety index of the right foot is as follows: within 15 minutes after the vehicle catches fire or enters an out-of-control state, if the maximum temperature Tmax detected by the K-type thermocouple VIII at the temperature monitoring point of the experimental dummy's right foot is less than 50℃, 100 points are awarded; if 50℃≤Tmax<60℃, 80 points are awarded; if 60℃≤Tmax≤70℃, 60 points are awarded; and if the temperature exceeds 70℃, 0 points are awarded.

7. A system for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies, the system being able to implement the method for evaluating the hazards of automobile fires based on experimental dummies as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, This includes gas sensors I, II, III, IV, V, and VI housed within the detection chamber; multiplex analog switches I, II, III, and IV; a CPU; a thermocouple signal conversion chip; wireless RF chip I and II; a motor drive chip; a tablet computer; a Wi-Fi audio / video transmission module; a DC suction pump; a USB storage device; and K-type thermocouples I, II, III, III, and IV. The system includes thermocouples IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII, a lithium battery, a camera, and a microphone. The lithium battery is connected to multiplexer I, II, III, and IV, a CPU, a thermocouple signal conversion chip, a wireless radio frequency chip I, a motor drive chip, a WIFI audio / video transmission module, gas sensors I, II, III, IV, V, and VI, and the camera. PU is connected to multiplex analog switch I, multiplex analog switch II, multiplex analog switch III, multiplex analog switch IV, a thermocouple signal conversion chip, a wireless radio frequency chip I, and a motor drive chip, respectively. Multiplex analog switch I is connected to K-type thermocouples I, II, III, and IV, and the thermocouple signal conversion chip, respectively. Multiplex analog switch II is connected to K-type thermocouples V, VI, VII, and VIII, and the thermocouple signal conversion chip, respectively. Multiplex analog switch III... The device is connected to gas sensors I, II, III, and IV respectively. The multi-channel analog switch IV is connected to gas sensors V and VI respectively. The wireless radio frequency chip I is connected to the wireless radio frequency chip II via wireless communication. The camera and microphone are connected to the tablet computer via a WIFI audio and video transmission module via wireless communication. The tablet computer is connected to the wireless radio frequency chip II and a USB memory respectively. The motor drive chip is connected to the detection chamber via a DC suction pump.

8. The evaluation system for automobile fire hazards based on experimental dummies according to claim 7, characterized in that, The camera is positioned at the eyes of the experimental dummy to capture information about the scene in front of the dummy; the microphone is positioned at the ears of the experimental dummy to collect sound from inside the vehicle; K-type thermocouples VII and VIII are positioned at the left and right feet of the experimental dummy, respectively, to measure the temperature of the left and right feet, enabling temperature monitoring of various parts of the experimental dummy; the DC suction pump uses intermittent suction action, with the suction frequency and volume controlled by a motor driver chip to simulate the breathing patterns of different groups of people, thus reproducing the process of occupants inhaling smoke during a fire; the motor driver chip is model TB6612FNG, used to adjust the start / stop of the suction pump and the suction power under CPU control; the tablet computer receives temperature and gas concentration data via a wireless RF chip II, and receives video and audio data sent by the WiFi audio and video transmission module, while simultaneously displaying temperature, gas concentration, and audio / video data; the WiFi audio and video transmission module is model Ezviz C1HC, used to receive data from the camera and microphone and send it to the tablet computer.

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