A river physical habitat health evaluation system and method under different water and sediment conditions

Abstract

The application discloses a river physical habitat health evaluation system and method under a heterogeneous water and sediment condition, relates to the field of river ecological evaluation, and comprises a data acquisition module which is used for comprehensively acquiring heterogeneous water and sediment, habitat and reference state data; the data acquisition module is provided with a data acquisition device; the data acquisition device has an intelligent self-adaptive acquisition function; the river physical habitat health evaluation system and method under the heterogeneous water and sediment condition, a four-dimensional evaluation index system of "water and sediment regime - riverbed morphology - bank slope and river bank zone - connectivity" is constructed, and the heterogeneous water and sediment related indexes are first introduced into the system; under the influence of human activities such as reservoir construction, interbasin water diversion and tributary development, a large amount of heterogeneous water and sediment flows into natural rivers, changes the water and sediment regime of the rivers significantly, and causes differentiated and continuous interference on the river physical habitat; and the index system can accurately quantize the interference degree of the heterogeneous water and sediment on the river physical habitat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to river ecological assessment technology, specifically to a system and method for assessing the health of river physical habitats under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of river ecosystems, river physical habitats play a crucial role in maintaining the stability and health of the entire ecosystem. They provide aquatic organisms with places to live, reproduce, and carry out various life activities. Their morphology, structure, and water and sediment conditions directly affect the community structure, species diversity, and ecological functions of aquatic organisms. For example, suitable riverbed morphology can provide spawning and juvenile sites for fish, stable bank slopes and good riparian vegetation can prevent soil erosion and provide habitats for numerous benthic organisms and birds, while unobstructed river connectivity ensures the migration of aquatic organisms and the exchange of matter and energy. Therefore, the health status of river physical habitats is a key indicator for measuring the health of river ecosystems, and their scientific and accurate evaluation is of great practical significance.

[0003] Existing methods for assessing the health of river physical habitats mostly focus on natural rivers or single water and sediment disturbance scenarios, failing to fully consider the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dissimilar water and sediment sources and their coupled impact on habitats. Their evaluation index systems often lack relevant indicators for dissimilar water and sediment sources, making it impossible to accurately quantify the intensity of water and sediment disturbance. For example, some evaluation methods primarily focus on conventional indicators such as river water quality and flow, while insufficiently considering factors that significantly impact river physical habitats, such as changes in sediment particle size distribution and spatiotemporal distribution caused by dissimilar water and sediment sources. This results in evaluation results that cannot accurately reflect the actual condition of river physical habitats under dissimilar water and sediment conditions, and cannot provide effective guidance for habitat restoration and water and sediment regulation. Therefore, this paper proposes a system and method for assessing the health of river physical habitats under dissimilar water and sediment sources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for evaluating the health of river physical habitats under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions, in order to solve the problems that most existing methods for evaluating the health of river physical habitats focus on natural rivers or single water and sediment disturbance scenarios, without fully considering the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of heterogeneous water and sediment sources and their coupled impact on habitats; and their evaluation index systems often lack relevant indicators of heterogeneous water and sediment sources, making it impossible to accurately quantify the intensity of water and sediment disturbance.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a river physical habitat health assessment system under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions, comprising:

[0006] The data acquisition module is used to comprehensively acquire data on heterogeneous water and sediment sources, habitats, and reference states. The data acquisition module is equipped with data acquisition equipment. The data acquisition equipment has an intelligent adaptive acquisition function, which can automatically adjust the acquisition parameters and frequency according to the real-time changes of different heterogeneous water and sediment scenarios (such as downstream rivers of reservoirs, water-receiving sections of inter-basin water transfer, and confluence sections of tributaries) to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the acquired data.

[0007] The data processing module is used to standardize the multi-source data transmitted from the data acquisition module;

[0008] The evaluation and analysis module includes an indicator system construction unit, a weight determination unit, and a health level evaluation unit.

[0009] The output display module generates an evaluation report, which includes the health level assessment results of the river's physical habitat and provides targeted restoration suggestions. The module also supports interactive operation, allowing users to zoom in, zoom out, and rotate the displayed content using mouse clicks and drags for a more detailed view of the evaluation results. Furthermore, the module supports multiple output formats, such as paper reports, electronic documents, and visual interfaces, enabling users to easily access and use the evaluation results and suggestions according to their needs.

[0010] Furthermore, the data acquisition device is used to acquire data for on-site monitoring, numerical simulation and remote sensing interpretation, and transmits the acquired data to the data processing module.

[0011] Furthermore, in the data acquisition module, the data acquisition equipment includes a flow meter, a water level gauge, a sediment sampler, a bank slope stability monitor, and a vegetation coverage measuring instrument; numerical simulation is implemented through computer software, using a pre-established mathematical model to simulate and calculate the river's water and sediment movement, habitat changes, etc.; remote sensing interpretation is achieved through satellite receiving stations, UAV data processing software, etc., to acquire and interpret remote sensing image data.

[0012] Furthermore, the health level evaluation module receives data transmitted from the data processing module, analyzes and processes it, and then transmits the evaluation results to the output display module.

[0013] Furthermore, the output display module has data visualization capabilities, enabling it to intuitively display evaluation results and suggestions in various forms such as charts, text, and 3D models, providing a scientific basis for river ecological restoration and water resource allocation.

[0014] Furthermore, the indicator system construction unit is used to construct a four-dimensional evaluation indicator system of "water and sediment situation - riverbed morphology - bank slope and riparian zone - connectivity" by combining the characteristics of heterogeneous water and sediment influence. The indicator system construction unit has the function of dynamically adjusting indicators, and can adjust the specific indicators and weight allocation in the evaluation indicator system in real time according to the ecological characteristics of rivers in different regions, management needs and the changing trends of heterogeneous water and sediment, so as to make the evaluation more targeted and adaptable.

[0015] The weight determination unit uses a combination of entropy weight and analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of each indicator. In the process of determining the weights, an online expert feedback mechanism is introduced. When there is a large deviation between the weight calculation results and the expert's experience, the system automatically sends a warning message to experts in the relevant field. Experts can adjust and correct the weights online to further improve the accuracy and rationality of the weight determination.

[0016] The health level evaluation unit uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to quantitatively classify the health status of river physical habitats based on the constructed indicator system and determined indicator weights. The health level evaluation unit adopts multi-model fusion evaluation technology, which, in addition to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, also combines neural network models, support vector machine models, etc. to comprehensively evaluate the health status of river physical habitats. Through mutual verification and supplementation of multiple models, the reliability and stability of the evaluation results are improved.

[0017] Furthermore, the data processing module possesses functions such as data cleaning and data transformation, which can eliminate differences caused by different data sources and units, making the data comparable. The data processing module uses data mining algorithms to perform in-depth analysis on the processed data, uncovering hidden potential patterns and characteristic information in the data. For example, it can identify typical patterns of heterogeneous water and sediment sources through cluster analysis, providing richer data support for subsequent evaluation and analysis. The processed data is transmitted to the evaluation and analysis module. The data acquisition module is equipped with a data caching unit, which can temporarily store the acquired data when the network is unstable or the data transmission is interrupted, and automatically resume transmission after the network is restored to avoid data loss.

[0018] A method for evaluating the health of river physical habitats under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Collect data to comprehensively obtain heterogeneous water and sediment, habitat, and reference state data. Among them, heterogeneous water and sediment data covers water flow and sediment related data from different sources and with different water and sediment characteristics; habitat data includes riverbed morphology, bank slope and riparian zone, connectivity, and other related data; reference state data is normal state data of river physical habitats used for comparative analysis.

[0020] Step 2: Preprocess the collected data and standardize the collected multi-source data to eliminate differences caused by different data sources and units, so that the data are comparable.

[0021] Step 3: Construct the indicator system. Combining the characteristics of heterogeneous water and sediment influences, construct a four-dimensional evaluation indicator system of "water and sediment situation—riverbed morphology—bank slope and riparian zone—connectivity". Among them, water and sediment situation indicators include water and sediment quantity, spatiotemporal distribution of water and sediment, etc.; riverbed morphology indicators include riverbed scour / siltation degree, riverbed stability, etc.; bank slope and riparian zone indicators include bank slope stability, riparian zone vegetation coverage, etc.; connectivity indicators include longitudinal connectivity and lateral connectivity of the river channel, etc.

[0022] Step 4: Determine the weight of each indicator using a combination of entropy weight and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). First, use the entropy weight method to determine the objective weight of each indicator based on the objective information of the data. Then, use the AHP combined with the subjective experience of experts to determine the subjective weight of each indicator. Finally, combine the objective weight and the subjective weight to obtain the comprehensive weight, so as to balance the differences between the objective and subjective factors.

[0023] Step 5: Evaluate the health level. Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, based on the constructed indicator system and determined indicator weights, the health status of the river physical habitat is quantitatively classified into different levels. Specifically, the membership function of each indicator is first determined, and then fuzzy synthesis is performed based on the weights and membership degrees of each indicator to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of the river physical habitat health status, and it is divided into different health levels.

[0024] Step Six: Generate an evaluation report, which includes the assessment results of the river's physical habitat health level and provides targeted restoration recommendations to provide a scientific basis for river ecological restoration and water resource allocation.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a system and method for evaluating the health of river physical habitats under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions. The four-dimensional evaluation index system constructed by this invention, encompassing "water and sediment situation—riverbed morphology—bank slope and riparian zone—connectivity," is the first to incorporate indicators related to heterogeneous water and sediment sources. Under the influence of human activities such as reservoir construction, inter-basin water transfer, and tributary development, large amounts of heterogeneous water and sediment flow into natural rivers, leading to significant changes in the river's water and sediment situation and causing differentiated and continuous disturbances to the river's physical habitat. This index system can accurately quantify the degree of disturbance of heterogeneous water and sediment to the river's physical habitat. For example, through water and sediment situation indicators such as water and sediment volume and spatiotemporal distribution, as well as related indicators such as riverbed scour / deposition and bank slope stability, it comprehensively reflects the impact of heterogeneous water and sediment, filling the gap in the quantification of heterogeneous water and sediment related indicators in existing technologies.

[0026] This four-dimensional index system has wide applicability and can be applied to various heterogeneous water and sediment scenarios, such as downstream rivers of reservoirs, water-receiving sections of inter-basin water transfers, and confluence sections of tributaries. The characteristics and influence modes of heterogeneous water and sediment differ under different scenarios. The index system constructed in this invention can comprehensively cover various factors affecting the physical habitat of rivers according to the characteristics of different scenarios, providing a scientific basis for the ecological protection and restoration of rivers under various heterogeneous water and sediment conditions.

[0027] This invention employs a combined entropy weighting and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) weighting method to determine the weights of each indicator. The entropy weighting method determines the objective weights of each indicator based on the objective information of the data, fully utilizing the information inherent in the data itself and avoiding the influence of subjective factors on weight determination. The AHP method combines expert subjective experience to determine the subjective weights of each indicator, fully considering the experts' professional knowledge and practical experience in relevant fields. By combining objective and subjective weights, a comprehensive weight is obtained, effectively balancing the differences between objective and subjective factors and solving the problem of significant subjective or objective biases in single weighting methods. An online expert feedback mechanism is introduced during the weight determination process. When there is a significant deviation between the weight calculation results and expert experience, the system automatically sends warning information to experts in relevant fields, who can adjust and correct the weights online. This mechanism further improves the accuracy and rationality of weight determination, ensuring that the evaluation results are more scientific and reliable, and can more accurately reflect the health status of the river's physical habitat. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the steps provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 As shown:

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] This invention provides a system and method for evaluating the health of river physical habitats under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions, including a data acquisition module for comprehensively acquiring heterogeneous water and sediment, habitat, and reference state data; the data acquisition module is equipped with a data acquisition device; the data acquisition device has an intelligent adaptive acquisition function, which can automatically adjust the acquisition parameters and frequency according to the real-time changes of different heterogeneous water and sediment scenarios (such as downstream rivers of reservoirs, water-receiving sections of inter-basin water transfer, and confluence sections of tributaries, etc.) to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the acquired data;

[0035] The data processing module is used to standardize the multi-source data transmitted from the data acquisition module;

[0036] The evaluation and analysis module includes an indicator system construction unit, a weight determination unit, and a health level evaluation unit.

[0037] The output display module generates an evaluation report, which includes the health level assessment results of the river's physical habitat and provides targeted restoration suggestions. The module also supports interactive operation, allowing users to zoom in, zoom out, and rotate the displayed content using mouse clicks and drags for a more detailed view of the evaluation results. Furthermore, the module supports multiple output formats, such as paper reports, electronic documents, and visual interfaces, enabling users to easily access and use the evaluation results and suggestions according to their needs.

[0038] The present invention further details that the data acquisition device is used to acquire data for on-site monitoring, numerical simulation, and remote sensing interpretation, and transmits the acquired data to the data processing module. In the data acquisition module, the data acquisition device includes a flow meter, a water level gauge, a sediment sampler, a bank slope stability monitor, and a vegetation cover measuring instrument. Numerical simulation is implemented through computer software, using a pre-established mathematical model to simulate and calculate river water and sediment movement, habitat changes, etc. Remote sensing interpretation is achieved through satellite receiving stations, UAV data processing software, etc., to acquire and interpret remote sensing image data. The health level evaluation module receives the data transmitted from the data processing module, analyzes and processes it, and then transmits the evaluation results to the output display module. The output display module has data visualization capabilities, and can intuitively display the evaluation results and suggestions in various forms such as charts, text, and 3D models, providing a scientific basis for river ecological restoration and water resource allocation.

[0039] The present invention further details that the indicator system construction unit is used to construct a four-dimensional evaluation indicator system of "water and sediment situation - riverbed morphology - bank slope and riparian zone - connectivity" by combining the characteristics of the influence of heterogeneous water and sediment sources; the indicator system construction unit has the function of dynamically adjusting indicators, and can adjust the specific indicators and weight allocation in the evaluation indicator system in real time according to the ecological characteristics of rivers in different regions, management needs and the changing trends of heterogeneous water and sediment sources, so as to make the evaluation more targeted and adaptable;

[0040] The weight determination unit uses a combination of entropy weight and analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of each indicator. In the process of determining the weights, an online expert feedback mechanism is introduced. When there is a large deviation between the weight calculation results and the expert's experience, the system automatically sends a warning message to experts in the relevant field. Experts can adjust and correct the weights online to further improve the accuracy and rationality of the weight determination.

[0041] The health level evaluation unit uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to quantitatively classify the health status of river physical habitats based on the constructed indicator system and determined indicator weights. The health level evaluation unit adopts multi-model fusion evaluation technology, which, in addition to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, also combines neural network models, support vector machine models, etc. to comprehensively evaluate the health status of river physical habitats. Through mutual verification and supplementation of multiple models, the reliability and stability of the evaluation results are improved.

[0042] The present invention further details that the data processing module has functions such as data cleaning and data transformation, which can eliminate differences caused by different data sources and units, making the data comparable; the data processing module uses data mining algorithms to perform in-depth analysis on the processed data, and uncover the potential patterns and feature information hidden in the data, such as identifying typical patterns of heterogeneous water and sediment through cluster analysis, providing richer data support for subsequent evaluation and analysis; the processed data is transmitted to the evaluation and analysis module; the data acquisition module is equipped with a data caching unit, which can temporarily store the acquired data when the network is unstable or the data transmission is interrupted, and automatically resume transmission after the network is restored, avoiding data loss;

[0043] Working Principle: Data Acquisition Equipment Function: The data acquisition equipment possesses intelligent adaptive acquisition capabilities, which is one of its core features. Given the complex and diverse scenarios of heterogeneous water and sediment sources, such as downstream rivers of reservoirs, water-receiving sections of inter-basin water transfers, and confluence sections of tributaries, the data characteristics differ significantly under different scenarios. This equipment can perceive changes in the scenario in real time and automatically adjust the acquisition parameters and frequency. For example, in downstream rivers of reservoirs, when the downstream flow changes rapidly due to reservoir scheduling, the equipment will correspondingly increase the acquisition frequency of flow data to ensure the capture of key change information, thereby guaranteeing the accuracy and completeness of the acquired data.

[0044] This is achieved by deploying a variety of specialized instruments; flow meters are used to accurately measure water flow, water level gauges acquire water level height in real time, sediment samplers collect sediment samples to analyze sediment content and particle size, bank slope stability monitors the stability of the bank slope, and vegetation cover measuring instruments measure the degree of vegetation cover in the riverbank zone; these instruments work together to comprehensively acquire on-site habitat data.

[0045] Using computer software, pre-established mathematical models are used to simulate and calculate the water and sediment movement and habitat changes of rivers. The mathematical models are constructed based on theories from multiple disciplines such as river dynamics and ecology, and can simulate the evolution of rivers under different heterogeneous water and sediment sources, providing theoretical basis and supplementary data for evaluation.

[0046] Satellite remote sensing image data is acquired using satellite receiving stations, and the images captured by drones are analyzed and interpreted using drone data processing software. Remote sensing technology has advantages such as wide coverage and fast data acquisition, and can acquire information on a large scale of river habitats, such as river morphology and vegetation distribution, which can be corroborated with on-site monitoring and numerical simulation data.

[0047] Considering the instability of the actual network environment, the data acquisition module is equipped with a data caching unit; when the network is unstable or data transmission is interrupted, the caching unit can temporarily store the acquired data and automatically resume transmission after the network is restored, effectively avoiding data loss and ensuring the continuity and integrity of the data;

[0048] Because the collected data comes from diverse sources and has different dimensions and formats, the data processing module first standardizes the multi-source data. By unifying the data format and eliminating the influence of dimensions, different data become comparable, laying the foundation for subsequent analysis and evaluation. For example, flow data and water level data are converted according to a unified standard so that they can be comprehensively analyzed in the same evaluation system.

[0049] This module has a data cleaning function, which can identify and handle problems such as errors, outliers, and duplicates in the data to improve data quality; at the same time, it performs data transformation operations to convert the data into a format and structure suitable for subsequent analysis; for example, it organizes and analyzes sediment sampling data, converting the raw sediment content data into indicator data that can be used for evaluation.

[0050] Data mining algorithms are employed to perform in-depth analysis of the processed data. Cluster analysis and other methods are used to uncover hidden patterns and features within the data. For example, cluster analysis identifies typical patterns of heterogeneous water and sediment sources, such as characteristic combinations of heterogeneous water and sediment sources under different seasons and reservoir scheduling methods, providing richer data support for subsequent evaluation and analysis, and helping to understand more deeply the impact mechanisms of heterogeneous water and sediment sources on river physical habitats. The processed data is then transmitted to the evaluation and analysis module, providing an accurate data foundation for the evaluation.

[0051] Based on the characteristics of heterogeneous water and sediment influences, a four-dimensional evaluation index system is constructed, comprising "water and sediment situation—riverbed morphology—bank slope and riparian zone—connectivity." The water and sediment situation indexes cover water and sediment quantity and spatiotemporal distribution, used to quantify the input characteristics of heterogeneous water and sediment. Riverbed morphology indexes include riverbed scour / deposition and riverbed stability, reflecting changes in the riverbed under the influence of heterogeneous water and sediment. Bank slope and riparian zone indexes include bank slope stability and riparian zone vegetation cover, assessing the ecological status of bank slopes and riparian zones. Connectivity indexes involve longitudinal and lateral connectivity of the river channel, measuring the degree of connectivity of the river ecosystem.

[0052] Considering the differences in the ecological characteristics, management needs, and changing trends of sediment from different sources in rivers across different regions, this unit has the function of dynamically adjusting indicators; it can adjust the specific indicators and weight allocation in the evaluation indicator system in real time according to the actual situation, making the evaluation more targeted and adaptable; for example, for ecologically sensitive areas, the weight of indicators related to ecological protection can be increased to highlight the importance of ecological protection in the evaluation.

[0053] The weights of each indicator are determined using a combination of entropy weighting and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). First, the entropy weighting method is used to determine the objective weights of each indicator based on objective information such as the degree of data variation, reflecting the impact of the information inherent in the data on the evaluation. Then, the AHP method, combined with expert subjective experience, is used to determine the subjective weights of each indicator through steps such as constructing a hierarchical model and conducting pairwise comparisons, reflecting the experts' understanding of the importance of each indicator. Finally, the objective and subjective weights are combined to obtain a comprehensive weight, effectively balancing the differences between objective and subjective factors and improving the accuracy and rationality of weight determination. An online expert feedback mechanism is introduced during the weight determination process; when there is a significant deviation between the calculated weights and expert experience, the system automatically sends warning information to experts in the relevant fields, who can adjust and correct the weights online, further ensuring the scientific nature of the weight determination.

[0054] The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to quantitatively classify the health status of river physical habitats based on the constructed indicator system and determined indicator weights. In the specific operation, the membership function of each indicator is first determined, and the actual value of each indicator is mapped to the corresponding membership degree, which indicates the degree to which the indicator belongs to different health levels. Then, fuzzy synthesis operation is performed according to the weight and membership degree of each indicator. The evaluation results of each indicator are combined through specific operation rules to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of the health status of river physical habitats, and they are divided into different health levels, such as healthy, sub-healthy, and unhealthy.

[0055] In addition to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this unit also combines neural network models and support vector machine models to comprehensively evaluate the health status of river physical habitats. Neural network models have powerful nonlinear mapping capabilities and can automatically learn complex patterns in data. Support vector machine models have advantages in processing small samples and high-dimensional data. Through mutual verification and supplementation of multiple models, different models evaluate the health status of river physical habitats from different perspectives. By combining the evaluation results of various models, the reliability and stability of the evaluation results can be effectively improved, and the errors that may be caused by a single model can be reduced.

[0056] Based on the results of the evaluation and analysis module, a detailed evaluation report is generated. The report includes the evaluation results of the river's physical habitat health level, clearly indicating the current health status of the river. Simultaneously, targeted restoration recommendations are output. These recommendations are based on the evaluation results and the analysis of the impact of heterogeneous water and sediment sources, providing a scientific basis for river ecological restoration and water resource allocation. For example, for the problem of severe riverbed erosion, recommendations are made to take engineering measures to reinforce the riverbed; for situations with low riparian vegetation cover, recommendations are made to carry out vegetation restoration planting.

[0057] To facilitate users' detailed viewing of evaluation results, the output display module supports interactive operation; users can zoom in, zoom out, rotate, and perform other operations on the displayed content by clicking, dragging, etc.; for example, when viewing the river habitat displayed in a 3D model, users can use the mouse to observe the model from different angles, gain a deeper understanding of the health status of various parts of the river, and facilitate more in-depth analysis and decision-making.

[0058] To cater to the needs and usage scenarios of different users, the output display module supports multiple output formats, such as paper reports, electronic documents, and visual interfaces. Users can choose the appropriate output format to obtain and use evaluation results and suggestions according to their actual needs. For example, paper reports can be selected for cases that require archiving or further manual analysis; electronic documents are a better choice for cases that require convenient transmission and sharing; while visual interfaces are suitable for use in on-site demonstrations or real-time monitoring, and can intuitively present evaluation results.

[0059] The data visualization function has powerful data visualization capabilities, which can intuitively display evaluation results and recommendations in various forms such as charts, text, and 3D models. Charts can clearly show the numerical changes of each indicator and the distribution of health levels. The text part provides detailed explanations of the evaluation results and restoration recommendations. The 3D model can vividly present the spatial structure and health status of the river's physical habitat, enabling non-professionals to intuitively understand the evaluation results and providing a more intuitive and scientific basis for river ecological restoration and water resource allocation.

[0060] Through the above-mentioned technical solutions, the four-dimensional evaluation index system of "water and sediment situation - riverbed morphology - bank slope and riparian zone - connectivity" constructed by this invention is the first to incorporate indicators related to heterogeneous water and sediment sources. Under the influence of human activities such as reservoir construction, inter-basin water transfer, and tributary development, large amounts of heterogeneous water and sediment flow into natural rivers, resulting in significant changes in the river's water and sediment situation and causing differentiated and continuous disturbances to the river's physical habitat. This index system can accurately quantify the degree of disturbance of heterogeneous water and sediment sources to the river's physical habitat. For example, through water and sediment situation indicators such as water and sediment volume and spatiotemporal distribution, as well as related indicators such as riverbed scour / siltation and bank slope stability, it comprehensively reflects the impact of heterogeneous water and sediment sources, filling the gap in the quantification of heterogeneous water and sediment related indicators in existing technologies.

[0061] This four-dimensional index system has wide applicability and can be applied to various heterogeneous water and sediment scenarios, such as downstream rivers of reservoirs, water-receiving sections of inter-basin water transfers, and confluence sections of tributaries. The characteristics and influence modes of heterogeneous water and sediment differ under different scenarios. The index system constructed in this invention can comprehensively cover various factors affecting the physical habitat of rivers according to the characteristics of different scenarios, providing a scientific basis for the ecological protection and restoration of rivers under various heterogeneous water and sediment conditions.

[0062] This invention employs a combined entropy weighting and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) weighting method to determine the weights of each indicator. The entropy weighting method determines the objective weights of each indicator based on the objective information of the data, fully utilizing the information inherent in the data itself and avoiding the influence of subjective factors on weight determination. The AHP method combines expert subjective experience to determine the subjective weights of each indicator, fully considering the experts' professional knowledge and practical experience in relevant fields. By combining objective and subjective weights, a comprehensive weight is obtained, effectively balancing the differences between objective and subjective factors and solving the problem of significant subjective or objective biases in single weighting methods. An online expert feedback mechanism is introduced during the weight determination process. When there is a significant deviation between the weight calculation results and expert experience, the system automatically sends warning information to experts in relevant fields, who can adjust and correct the weights online. This mechanism further improves the accuracy and rationality of weight determination, ensuring that the evaluation results are more scientific and reliable, and can more accurately reflect the health status of the river's physical habitat.

[0063] Example 2:

[0064] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that a method for evaluating the health of a river physical habitat under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions includes the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Data collection to comprehensively acquire heterogeneous water and sediment, habitat, and reference state data; heterogeneous water and sediment data covers flow and sediment-related data from different sources and with different water and sediment characteristics, acquired through various methods such as on-site monitoring, numerical simulation, and remote sensing interpretation; habitat data includes data related to riverbed morphology, bank slopes and riparian zones, connectivity, etc., mainly collected by on-site monitoring instruments; reference state data is normal state data of river physical habitats used for comparative analysis, which can be obtained through historical data collection, comparative analysis with similar healthy rivers, etc.

[0066] Step 2: Preprocess the collected data and standardize the multi-source data to eliminate differences caused by different data sources and units, making the data comparable. This step provides a unified data foundation for the subsequent construction of the indicator system and evaluation analysis, ensuring that different data can be comprehensively analyzed in the same evaluation system.

[0067] Step 3: Construct the indicator system. Combining the characteristics of heterogeneous water and sediment influences, construct a four-dimensional evaluation indicator system: "water and sediment situation—riverbed morphology—bank slope and riparian zone—connectivity." Define the specific indicators for each dimension. For example, water and sediment situation indicators include water and sediment volume and spatiotemporal distribution; riverbed morphology indicators include riverbed scour / deposition degree and riverbed stability; bank slope and riparian zone indicators include bank slope stability and riparian zone vegetation coverage; connectivity indicators include longitudinal and lateral connectivity of the river channel. The indicator system can be dynamically adjusted according to actual conditions to adapt to the evaluation needs of different rivers and heterogeneous water and sediment scenarios.

[0068] Step 4: Determine the weights of each indicator using a combination of entropy weight and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). First, use the entropy weight method to determine the objective weights of each indicator based on the objective information of the data. Then, use the AHP combined with expert subjective experience to determine the subjective weights of each indicator. Finally, combine the two to obtain the comprehensive weights. By introducing an online expert feedback mechanism, ensure the accuracy and rationality of the weight determination and balance the differences between subjective and objective factors.

[0069] Step 5: Evaluate the health level. Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, based on the constructed indicator system and determined indicator weights, the health status of the river's physical habitat is quantitatively classified into levels. First, the membership function of each indicator is determined, and then fuzzy synthesis is performed based on the weights and membership degrees of each indicator to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result and classify the health level. At the same time, multi-model fusion evaluation technology, such as neural network model and support vector machine model, is combined to mutually verify and supplement the evaluation results, improving the reliability and stability of the evaluation results.

[0070] Step Six: Generate an evaluation report. Based on the health level assessment results, generate an evaluation report that includes the health level assessment results of the river's physical habitat and targeted restoration recommendations; this provides a scientific basis for river ecological restoration and water resource allocation, helps relevant departments formulate reasonable restoration and allocation plans, and protects the health of the river ecosystem;

[0071] Through the above technical solution, the health level evaluation unit of this invention adopts multi-model fusion evaluation technology. In addition to fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, it also combines neural network model, support vector machine model, etc. to comprehensively evaluate the health status of river physical habitat. Different evaluation models have different characteristics and advantages. Through mutual verification and supplementation of multiple models, the advantages of each model can be fully utilized, avoiding the limitations of a single model, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the evaluation results. Through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the health status of river physical habitat is quantitatively classified according to the constructed index system and determined index weights. First, the membership function of each index is determined, and then fuzzy synthesis operation is performed according to the weight and membership of each index to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of the health status of river physical habitat and classify it into different health levels. This quantitative classification method can more clearly show the health status of river physical habitat and provide clear guidance for subsequent ecological restoration and water resource allocation.

[0072] The system of this invention includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an evaluation and analysis module, and an output display module. It can automatically complete the health assessment of river physical habitats under the influence of heterogeneous water and sediment sources. The data acquisition module has intelligent adaptive acquisition capabilities, automatically adjusting acquisition parameters and frequency according to real-time changes in different heterogeneous water and sediment scenarios. The data processing module has data cleaning and transformation functions and can perform in-depth analysis using data mining algorithms. The evaluation and analysis module completes the construction of an indicator system, weight determination, and health level assessment. The output display module generates an evaluation report and outputs targeted remediation suggestions. The entire evaluation process is highly automated, easy to operate, and greatly improves evaluation efficiency.

[0073] This system can quickly generate evaluation reports that include the health level assessment results of river physical habitats and targeted restoration suggestions, providing a scientific basis for water resource allocation and habitat restoration. Users can understand the health status of river physical habitats in a timely manner based on the evaluation report and take corresponding measures for restoration and protection, making it highly practical. The output display module supports interactive operation, allowing users to zoom in, zoom out, and rotate the displayed content through mouse clicks, drags, and other operations to view the evaluation results in more detail. It also supports multiple output formats, such as paper reports, electronic documents, and visual interfaces, making it convenient for users to obtain and use the evaluation results and suggestions according to their needs, further improving the system's practicality and convenience.

[0074] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for evaluating the health of river physical habitats under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to comprehensively acquire heterogeneous water and sediment, habitat, and reference status data; The data acquisition module is equipped with a data acquisition device; the data acquisition device has an intelligent adaptive acquisition function. The data processing module is used to standardize the multi-source data transmitted from the data acquisition module; The evaluation and analysis module includes an indicator system construction unit, a weight determination unit, and a health level evaluation unit. The output display module is used to generate an evaluation report, which includes the evaluation results of the river's physical habitat health level and outputs targeted restoration suggestions.

2. The river physical habitat health assessment system under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition device is used to acquire data for on-site monitoring, numerical simulation and remote sensing interpretation, and transmit the acquired data to the data processing module.

3. The river physical habitat health assessment system under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the data acquisition module, the data acquisition equipment includes a flow meter, a water level gauge, a sediment sampler, a bank slope stability monitor, and a vegetation coverage measuring instrument.

4. The river physical habitat health assessment system under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The health level evaluation module receives data transmitted from the data processing module, analyzes and processes it, and then transmits the evaluation results to the output display module.

5. The river physical habitat health assessment system under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output display module has data visualization capabilities.

6. The river physical habitat health assessment system under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The indicator system construction unit is used to construct a four-dimensional evaluation indicator system of "water and sediment situation - riverbed morphology - bank slope and riparian zone - connectivity" by combining the characteristics of the influence of heterogeneous water and sediment sources. The indicator system construction unit has the function of dynamically adjusting indicators. It can adjust the specific indicators and weight allocation in the evaluation indicator system in real time according to the ecological characteristics of rivers in different regions, management needs and the changing trends of heterogeneous water and sediment sources, so as to make the evaluation more targeted and adaptable. The weight determination unit uses a combination of entropy weight and analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights of each indicator. In the process of determining the weights, an online expert feedback mechanism is introduced. When there is a large deviation between the weight calculation results and the expert experience, the system automatically sends early warning information to experts in the relevant fields. The health level evaluation unit uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to quantitatively classify the health status of the river's physical habitat according to the constructed indicator system and determined indicator weights; the health level evaluation unit adopts model fusion evaluation technology.

7. The river physical habitat health assessment system under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module has data cleaning and data transformation functions; the data processing module uses data mining algorithms to perform in-depth analysis on the processed data to uncover hidden potential patterns and feature information in the data; the data acquisition module is equipped with a data caching unit.

8. A method for evaluating the health of a river physical habitat under heterogeneous water and sediment conditions according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect data to comprehensively obtain data on heterogeneous water and sediment sources, habitats, and reference conditions; Step 2: Preprocess the collected data and standardize the collected multi-source data to eliminate differences caused by different data sources and units, so that the data are comparable. Step 3: Construct an indicator system. Combining the characteristics of heterogeneous water and sediment influence, construct a four-dimensional evaluation indicator system of "water and sediment situation - riverbed morphology - bank slope and riparian zone - connectivity". Step 4: Determine the weight of each indicator using a combination of entropy weight and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). First, use the entropy weight method to determine the objective weight of each indicator based on the objective information of the data. Then, use the AHP combined with the subjective experience of experts to determine the subjective weight of each indicator. Finally, combine the objective weight and the subjective weight to obtain the comprehensive weight, so as to balance the differences between the objective and subjective factors. Step 5: Evaluate the health level. Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, based on the constructed indicator system and determined indicator weights, quantitatively classify the health status of the river's physical habitat. Step Six: Generate an evaluation report, which includes the assessment results of the river's physical habitat health level and provides targeted restoration recommendations to provide a scientific basis for river ecological restoration and water resource allocation.

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