An intelligent power utilization information collection system and a data processing method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power automation technology, specifically to an intelligent electricity consumption information acquisition system and its data processing method. The system includes a master station, a concentrator, and multiple smart meters. The concentrator integrates topology and delay analysis, reverse time alignment scheduling, and isolated retransmission control modules. It constructs a delay topology tree using historical data and calculates the expected transmission time. Using the target freeze time as a benchmark, it reversely calculates the command issuance time to achieve synchronous freeze and off-peak transmission. When an abnormal meter is detected, its parent path is located, and conflict subtree regions are divided. Normal meters within these regions are forced to remain silent to provide an isolated retransmission window. This application effectively solves the channel conflict caused by concurrent transmission from multiple nodes and the secondary interference caused by retransmission, improving the synchronization accuracy, success rate, and system operational stability of data acquisition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power automation technology, and in particular to an intelligent electricity consumption information acquisition system and its data processing method. Background Technology

[0002] Smart electricity consumption information collection systems are an important component of modern smart grids, widely used in scenarios such as electricity metering, load monitoring, and electricity consumption behavior analysis for residential and industrial users. These systems typically employ a three-tier architecture: a master station, a concentrator, and smart meters. The concentrator acts as a regional data aggregation node, responsible for collecting frozen data from multiple smart meters under its jurisdiction and uploading it to the master station. In existing technical solutions, after receiving the collection task from the master station, the concentrator broadcasts instructions to all smart meters within its jurisdiction. Upon receiving the instructions, each meter performs a data freezing operation and then transmits the data back to the concentrator via power line carrier or low-power wireless communication. To address data loss during communication, existing systems typically include a retransmission mechanism. When the concentrator fails to receive data from a particular meter, a retransmission process is triggered, requiring the relevant meter to resend the data.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, due to the complex network topology and varying communication delays among nodes, the concurrent data transmission from a large number of smart meters within the same time window can easily lead to channel conflicts and data collisions, resulting in a decrease in data collection success rate. Furthermore, traditional retransmission mechanisms often lack precise identification of the root cause of conflicts, easily triggering local or global channel congestion again during retransmission, making it difficult to recover abnormal data in a timely manner and affecting the real-time performance and completeness of electricity consumption information collection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system and its data processing method, which solves the technical problems in traditional electricity consumption information collection systems, such as channel conflicts and data loss caused by concurrent backhaul from multiple nodes, and the lack of targeted retransmission mechanisms that easily lead to secondary conflicts.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system, including a master station, a concentrator and multiple smart meters, wherein the concentrator includes a topology and delay analysis module, an inverse time alignment scheduling module and an isolated retransmission control module; The topology and delay analysis module is used to obtain the network topology level and historical communication delay of each smart meter based on historical data collection records, construct a delay topology tree with the concentrator as the root node and the smart meters as the leaf nodes, and calculate the expected data transmission time of each smart meter back to the concentrator via relay nodes at all levels. The reverse time alignment scheduling module is used to, after receiving the data collection task for the target freeze time issued by the master station, use the target freeze time as the time base, calculate the instruction issuance time corresponding to each smart meter according to the expected data return time of each smart meter and in reverse topological order from leaf node to root node; at the corresponding instruction issuance time, issue a reservation freeze instruction carrying the target freeze time and the corresponding return time slot to each smart meter, so that each smart meter synchronously performs the data freeze operation when the local clock reaches the target freeze time, and returns the frozen data to the concentrator in staggered time windows according to the return time slot; The isolated retransmission control module is used to identify abnormal meters that have failed to transmit data after the first round of data transmission is completed, locate the upper-level relay path of the abnormal meter in the delay topology tree, divide the local topology area where the smart meters sharing the relay path are located into conflict subtree areas, and in the next retransmission cycle, send a silence control command to the normal meters in the conflict subtree area to force them to enter the silence time slot, and send a retransmission command to the abnormal meter in the time period corresponding to the silence time slot until the retransmission is successful or the maximum number of retransmissions is reached.

[0006] The topology and delay analysis module includes a historical communication extraction unit, a topology hierarchy construction unit, and a delay calculation unit. The historical communication extraction unit is used to extract communication records of successfully transmitted data from each smart meter within a preset historical time window. The topology layer construction unit is used to construct a network topology layer with the concentrator as the root node, the relay nodes as intermediate nodes, and the smart meters as leaf nodes based on the relay node jump information in the communication record. The delay calculation unit is used to calculate the actual time consumed by each smart meter to transmit data back each time within the historical time window, remove abnormal time consumption data that exceeds the preset fluctuation range, and calculate the arithmetic mean. The arithmetic mean is used as the historical communication delay of the corresponding smart meter. Based on the historical records of relay nodes forwarding meter data, the unit calculates the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node.

[0007] The topology and delay analysis module further includes an expected time calculation unit. The expected time calculation unit is used to accumulate the historical communication delay of any smart meter in the delay topology tree and the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node on its backhaul path, and to add a preset channel contention safety margin time to the sum of the sums. The final sum is used as the expected time for the smart meter to transmit data back to the concentrator through each level of relay node.

[0008] The reverse time alignment scheduling module includes a parameter acquisition unit and a release time calculation unit. The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the target freeze time T0 issued by the master station, the expected data return time Ti of smart meter i, and the transmission delay Di of the instruction issued from the concentrator to smart meter i. The instruction issuance time calculation unit is used to calculate the instruction issuance time Ci=T0-Di of smart meter i in reverse topological order from long to short expected data return time Ti, so that smart meters with longer expected return time can receive instructions first, and ensure that after each smart meter performs data freezing operation synchronously when the local clock reaches T0, its return data will not conflict during the aggregation period.

[0009] The reverse time alignment scheduling module includes a time slot allocation unit and a guard interval insertion unit: The time slot allocation unit is used to calculate the expected arrival time window of the data returned by each smart meter to the concentrator based on the expected data return time of each smart meter and the level depth in the delay topology tree, and to allocate the return time slot to each smart meter in sequence according to the principle that the expected arrival time windows do not overlap. The protection interval insertion unit is used to insert a preset anti-collision protection interval between adjacent backhaul time slots, and between the time slots of the same relay node receiving lower-level data and forwarding data to the upper level.

[0010] The smart meter in the system includes an instruction parsing unit, a freeze triggering unit, and a data feedback unit. The instruction parsing unit is used to parse the reservation freeze instruction to obtain the target freeze time and the allocated return time slot, and start the local timer; The freeze trigger unit is used to trigger a data freeze operation when the local clock reaches the target freeze time, and to store a snapshot of the electrical parameter data at the current time into the local cache. The data backhaul unit is used to enter a waiting state after the data is frozen. When the local clock reaches the start time of the backhaul time slot, it backhauls the frozen data in the buffer to the concentrator via the relay node.

[0011] The isolated retransmission control module includes an anomaly retrieval unit, a path extraction unit, and a conflict region division unit. The anomaly retrieval unit is used to retrieve abnormal electricity meters that have failed to successfully transmit data in the delay topology tree; The path extraction unit is used to track and extract the upper-level relay nodes through which the abnormal electricity meter transmits data, forming an upper-level relay path. The conflict area division unit is used to uniformly divide the local topology branches in the delay topology tree where all smart meters that share at least one relay node in the upper-level relay path are located into conflict subtree regions.

[0012] The isolated retransmission control module further includes a silent control unit, a dedicated window configuration unit, a retransmission execution unit, and an isolation upgrade unit. The silence control unit is used to send a silence control command carrying silence time slot parameters to the normal meters in the conflict subtree area in the next retransmission cycle, so that the normal meters can shut down the radio frequency transmission channel in the silence time slot. A dedicated window configuration unit is used to configure the silent time slot as a dedicated retransmission window for abnormal meters; The retransmission execution unit is used to send a retransmission command to the abnormal meter during the period when the dedicated window configuration unit is in effect, so that the abnormal meter can transmit data back in an isolated environment without channel contention from other meters in the same area. The isolation upgrade unit is used to move the isolation range of the conflict subtree region one level towards the root node when the retransmission execution unit fails to retransmit within the dedicated retransmission window. That is, the node above the current highest-level relay node on the abnormal meter backhaul path is used as the new isolation boundary, expanding the conflict subtree region and the corresponding silent time slot length. Then, the silent control unit and the retransmission execution unit are triggered to perform silent control and retransmission operations again within the expanded silent time slot until the retransmission is successful or the maximum number of retransmissions is reached.

[0013] The isolated retransmission control module further includes a fault handling unit. When the retransmission count reaches the maximum number of retransmissions and still fails, the fault handling unit marks the corresponding abnormal meter as being in a faulty offline state, cancels the abnormal meter and its exclusive relay link in the delay topology tree constructed by the topology layer construction unit, and then generates an alarm message containing the abnormal meter identifier, the identifier of the conflict subtree region to which it belongs, and the retransmission failure log. The concentrator actively sends the alarm message to the main station to trigger operation and maintenance intervention.

[0014] The second aspect of this application provides a data processing method for an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system, which employs the aforementioned intelligent electricity consumption information collection system.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This application provides an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system and data processing method. The scheme constructs a delay topology tree based on historical collection records and calculates the expected data return time for each node, achieving quantitative modeling of network communication characteristics. Then, using the target freeze time as a benchmark, it calculates the command issuance time in reverse topology order based on the expected return time, enabling smart meters at different levels to precisely and synchronously execute data freeze operations and return data in an orderly manner within allocated staggered time windows. This effectively solves the channel conflict and data collision problems caused by multi-node concurrency. Furthermore, by identifying abnormal meters that fail to return data and locating their upstream relay paths, the local area of ​​the shared path is divided into a conflict subtree region. Normal meters within this region are forced into silent time slots, while a dedicated retransmission window is opened for abnormal meters, avoiding secondary interference caused by traditional broadcast retransmission. If retransmission fails, the isolation range is dynamically expanded, forming an adaptive fault-solving mechanism. Therefore, this scheme significantly improves the synchronization accuracy and return success rate of data collection, enhances the system's operational stability and reliability in complex network environments, and ensures the complete collection of electricity consumption information.

[0016] Overall, this application constructs a closed-loop control system from conflict prevention to precise repair by organically combining delay modeling, reverse scheduling and isolation retransmission, thus realizing the systematic optimization of the electricity information collection process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system provided in this application; Figure 2 The structural block diagram of the topology and delay analysis module provided in this application; Figure 3 The structural block diagram of the reverse time alignment scheduling module provided in this application; Figure 4 The structural block diagram of the reverse time alignment scheduling module provided in this application; Figure 5 The structural block diagram of the smart meter provided in this application; Figure 6 The structural block diagram of the isolated retransmission control module provided in this application.

[0019] 101. Main station; 102. Concentrator; 103. Smart meter; 104. Topology and delay analysis module; 105. Reverse time alignment scheduling module; 106. Isolated retransmission control module; 107. Historical communication extraction unit; 108. Topology hierarchy construction unit; 109. Delay calculation unit; 110. Expected time consumption calculation unit; 111. Parameter acquisition unit; 112. Release time calculation unit; 113. Time slot allocation unit; 114. Protection interval insertion unit; 115. Command parsing unit; 116. Freeze triggering unit; 117. Data return unit; 118. Anomaly retrieval unit; 119. Path extraction unit; 120. Conflict area division unit; 121. Silent control unit; 122. Dedicated window configuration unit; 123. Retransmission execution unit; 124. Isolation upgrade unit; 125. Fault handling unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] First embodiment: In the field of smart electricity consumption information collection, with the expansion of the power grid and the surge in the number of smart meters 103, the requirements for the real-time performance and integrity of data collection are increasingly stringent. Existing electricity consumption information collection systems typically use a concentrator 102 as an intermediate node to aggregate data from multiple subordinate smart meters 103 and upload it to the main station 101. However, in actual operation, due to factors such as complex network topology, inconsistent communication link delays, and concurrent transmission by multiple nodes, channel conflicts often occur during data transmission, resulting in data packet loss or collection failure. Furthermore, when some meter data transmission fails, traditional systems often employ broadcast retransmission or full-area retransmission mechanisms. This one-size-fits-all retransmission approach easily triggers secondary channel congestion, not only reducing the retransmission success rate but also affecting the overall system's collection efficiency and stability.

[0022] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system. This system aims to achieve high-precision synchronization of data freezing and orderly backhaul processes by constructing a refined delay topology model, implementing reverse time alignment scheduling, and introducing an isolated retransmission control mechanism. This effectively reduces the probability of channel collisions and improves the efficiency of abnormal data recovery.

[0023] Based on the above issues, please refer to Figures 1-6 This application provides an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system, including a master station 101, a concentrator 102 and multiple smart meters 103. The concentrator 102 includes a topology and delay analysis module 104, a reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 and an isolated retransmission control module 106. The topology and delay analysis module 104 is used to obtain the network topology level and historical communication delay of each smart meter 103 based on historical collection records, construct a delay topology tree with the concentrator 102 as the root node and the smart meter 103 as the leaf nodes, and calculate the expected data return time of each smart meter 103 to the concentrator 102 via relay nodes at all levels. The reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 is used to, after receiving the data collection task for the target freeze time issued by the master station 101, use the target freeze time as the time base, calculate the instruction issuance time corresponding to each smart meter 103 according to the expected data return time of each smart meter 103 and the reverse topology order from the leaf node to the root node; at the corresponding instruction issuance time, issue a reservation freeze instruction carrying the target freeze time and the corresponding return time slot to each smart meter 103, so that each smart meter 103 synchronously performs the data freeze operation when the local clock reaches the target freeze time, and returns the frozen data to the concentrator 102 in staggered time windows according to the return time slot; The isolated retransmission control module 106 is used to identify abnormal meters that have failed to transmit data after the first round of data transmission is completed, locate the upper-level relay path to which the abnormal meter belongs in the delay topology tree, divide the local topology area where the smart meter 103 sharing the relay path is located into a conflict subtree area, and in the next retransmission cycle, send a silence control command to the normal meters in the conflict subtree area to force them to enter the silence time slot, and send a retransmission command to the abnormal meter in the time period corresponding to the silence time slot until the retransmission is successful or the maximum number of retransmissions is reached.

[0024] In this context, Master Station 101 refers to the central server or cloud platform in the power system responsible for data aggregation, analysis, and management. Its functions include initiating data acquisition tasks, receiving processed electricity consumption data, and conducting global monitoring. Master Station 101 and Concentrator 102 communicate via fiber optic cables, public wireless networks (such as 4G / 5G), or power line carrier waves. The acquisition tasks issued by Master Station 101 typically include a target freeze time, which is the specific time point at which all smart meters 103 are required to freeze their data to ensure data consistency.

[0025] Concentrator 102 is a gateway device deployed on the transformer side of a distribution area or in a specific region, used to connect the main station 101 with multiple subordinate smart meters 103. For example... Figure 1As shown, the concentrator 102 integrates a topology and delay analysis module 104, a reverse time alignment scheduling module 105, and an isolated retransmission control module 106. As a communication hub, the concentrator 102 receives instructions from the master station 101 and distributes them downwards, while also aggregating data from the smart meters 103 and reporting it upwards. The concentrator 102 also possesses data storage, protocol conversion, and edge computing capabilities. Its hardware architecture can be configured according to actual conditions, including components such as a processor, memory, and various communication interfaces.

[0026] A smart meter 103 is a terminal device installed at the user end for measuring electricity consumption and other electrical parameters. In this embodiment, there are multiple smart meters 103 distributed across different network layers. The smart meter 103 not only measures data such as voltage, current, and power, but also has local clock synchronization, data freeze storage, and wireless or wired communication functions. The specific type of smart meter 103 is determined according to the actual application scenario, such as a single-phase smart meter or a three-phase smart meter; this embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0027] The topology and delay analysis module 104 is the functional unit in the concentrator 102 responsible for network structure awareness and communication performance evaluation. This module's function is to provide basic data support for subsequent scheduling and retransmission. Working in conjunction with other modules in the concentrator 102, the topology and delay analysis module 104 identifies the hierarchical position of each smart meter 103 in the network (e.g., first-level nodes directly connected to the concentrator 102, second-level nodes via first-level relays, etc.) by reading historical data collection records, and calculates its historical communication delay. Based on this information, the topology and delay analysis module 104 constructs a delay topology tree with the concentrator 102 as the root node and each smart meter 103 as the leaf nodes. In this tree structure, the connections between nodes represent the physical or logical paths for data backhaul. Furthermore, the topology and delay analysis module 104 calculates the expected data backhaul time for each smart meter 103 to the concentrator 102 via relay nodes at each level along the path. The expected latency refers to the estimated total time required for data to be sent from the meter until it is fully received by the concentrator 102. It is calculated based on historical average latency, maximum latency, or a weighted value considering channel contention. Specifically, the topology and latency analysis module 104 is implemented by hardware circuitry and also by software programs running on the processor of the concentrator 102; however, this embodiment does not impose any special limitations on this implementation.

[0028] The reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 refers to the functional unit in the concentrator 102 responsible for timing planning and precise command issuance. This module is named for its reverse derivation method, working backward from the expected result time (target freeze time) to determine the time of the action. The reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 works in conjunction with the topology and delay analysis module 104. After receiving the data collection task for the target freeze time from the master station 101, it uses this target freeze time as the time base and, based on the expected data transmission time of each smart meter 103, calculates the command issuance time for each smart meter 103 according to the reverse topology order from leaf nodes to root nodes (i.e., first calculating nodes with long paths and high time consumption, then calculating nodes with short paths and low time consumption). Through this calculation method, the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 ensures that the command can compensate for transmission differences caused by different paths. Subsequently, at their respective command issuance times, the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 issues a scheduled freeze command carrying the target freeze time and the corresponding transmission time slot to each smart meter 103. The instruction instructs smart meter 103 to synchronously perform data freezing when its local clock reaches the target freezing time, and to transmit frozen data back to concentrator 102 within staggered time windows according to the allocated feedback time slots. This mechanism achieves synchronization of data freezing across the entire network and staggered data feedback, avoiding collisions caused by multiple nodes sending data simultaneously.

[0029] The isolated retransmission control module 106 refers to the functional unit in the concentrator 102 responsible for anomaly handling and conflict suppression. This module is designed to provide a targeted recovery mechanism to prevent conflict escalation when the first round of data transmission fails. The isolated retransmission control module 106 works in conjunction with the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 to identify abnormal meters that failed to transmit data after the first round of data transmission is completed, using methods such as verification receipts or timeout detection. Once an abnormal meter is identified, the isolated retransmission control module 106 locates the upstream relay path of the abnormal meter in the delay topology tree, identifies all smart meters 103 sharing that relay path, and divides the local topology area containing these meters into a conflict subtree area. This is because nodes sharing the same path are highly susceptible to interference during retransmission. In the next retransmission cycle, the isolated retransmission control module 106 issues a silence control command to the normal meters (i.e., non-abnormal meters) in the conflict subtree area, forcing them to enter a silence time slot and temporarily disable their transmission function. At the same time, during the time period corresponding to this silence time slot, a retransmission command is specifically sent to the abnormal meters. Through this strategy of area silence and single-point retransmission, the isolated retransmission control module 106 creates a contention-free isolation environment for the abnormal meters until the retransmission is successful or the preset maximum number of retransmissions is reached.

[0030] The core innovation of this application lies in constructing a collaborative working mechanism that integrates topology awareness, reverse scheduling, and isolated retransmission. By transforming historical communication characteristics into a structured delay topology tree, the system can quantify the time cost of each node; by using a reverse time alignment algorithm, the asymmetry of physical links is transformed into the symmetry of logical timing, achieving high-precision synchronization freezing and ordered backhaul; and the isolated retransmission strategy based on conflict subtree partitioning breaks through the coarse mode of traditional retransmission mechanisms, achieving precise suppression of interference sources.

[0031] The working process and principle of this application are as follows: First, the topology and delay analysis module 104 constructs a delay topology tree based on historical data and calculates the expected transmission time of each node. Then, the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 calculates the instruction issuance time of each meter in reverse according to the target freeze time and the transmission time of each node, so that all meters can complete the data freeze at the same time and transmit data back in the allocated non-overlapping time slots. When the transmission failure of individual meters is detected, the isolation retransmission control module 106 immediately locks its shared relay path, delineates the conflict subtree area, forces other normal meters in the area to be silent, and only allows abnormal meters to retransmit in the dedicated time slot, thereby eliminating channel conflicts in both time and space dimensions.

[0032] By employing a delay topology tree based on historical data and calculating expected latency, the system can accurately grasp the communication characteristics of each node, providing a data foundation for refined scheduling. The introduction of a reverse time-aligned scheduling mechanism, using the target freeze time as a benchmark to calculate the command issuance time, effectively compensates for transmission delay differences along different paths, ensuring strict synchronization of data freezing across the entire network and orderly connection of backhaul time slots, significantly reducing the probability of channel conflicts caused by multi-node concurrency. Furthermore, the implementation of isolated retransmission control based on conflict subtree partitioning accurately identifies and silences potential interference sources during the retransmission phase, creating exclusive channel resources for abnormal meters and avoiding secondary congestion caused by traditional broadcast retransmissions. This significantly improves the retransmission success rate and the overall data acquisition reliability and stability of the system.

[0033] Furthermore, the topology and delay analysis module 104 includes a historical communication extraction unit 107, a topology hierarchy construction unit 108, and a delay calculation unit 109; The historical communication extraction unit 107 is used to extract communication records of successfully transmitted data from each smart meter 103 within a preset historical time window. The topology layer construction unit 108 is used to construct a network topology layer with the concentrator 102 as the root node, the relay nodes as intermediate nodes, and the smart meter 103 as the leaf nodes, based on the relay node jump information in the communication record. The delay calculation unit 109 is used to calculate the actual time consumed by each smart meter 103 to transmit data back each time within the historical time window, and to calculate the arithmetic mean after removing abnormal time consumption data that exceeds the preset fluctuation range. The arithmetic mean is used as the historical communication delay of the corresponding smart meter 103. Based on the historical records of relay nodes forwarding meter data, the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node is calculated.

[0034] First, the historical communication extraction unit 107 is activated to extract all successful meter readings or data acquisition records within a specified time period from past operation logs. Then, the topology layer construction unit 108 parses the routing information in these records, automatically drawing the communication topology tree under the current power grid area, clarifying which relay and how many hops each meter uses to reach the concentrator 102. Next, the delay calculation unit 109 intervenes, denoising and smoothing the historical transmission time of each meter, calculating a stable average delay value, and simultaneously evaluating the forwarding efficiency of each relay node along the path. Finally, this cleaned and layered delay data is integrated into a complete delay benchmark library, which is then called by the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 to achieve precise timing control of meters in different locations.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assuming a typical low-voltage power line carrier communication scenario, the concentrator 102 needs to manage 500 smart meters 103 under its jurisdiction. The historical communication extraction unit 107 first reads all records of successfully reported frozen data in the past 7 days, filtering out about 5% of records that were successfully retransmitted due to noise interference. The topology hierarchy construction unit 108 analyzes the remaining records and finds that the data of meter A needs to go through 2 levels of relays to reach the concentrator 102, while meter B only needs 1 level of relay. Based on this, a complete topology tree including the root node, 2 first-level relays, 4 second-level relays, and 500 leaf nodes is constructed. Subsequently, the delay calculation unit 109 analyzed the time taken for 168 successful data transmissions from meter A, eliminating three instances of excessively long delays caused by sudden impulse noise, and calculated the average historical communication delay of meter A to be 1.2 seconds. Simultaneously, the average forwarding delay of the first-level relay node on meter A's path was calculated to be 0.15 seconds, and the average forwarding delay of the second-level relay node was calculated to be 0.12 seconds. These specific delay values ​​will be directly used to calculate the expected data transmission time for the meter, ensuring that the timing of dispatch instructions can accurately compensate for the accumulated delays along its path.

[0036] Furthermore, the expected time calculation unit 110 is used to calculate the expected time for any smart meter 103 in the delay topology tree by accumulating the historical communication delay of the smart meter 103 itself and the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node on its backhaul path, and then adding a preset channel contention safety margin time to the sum of the sums. The final sum is used as the expected time for the smart meter 103 to transmit data back to the concentrator 102 via each level of relay node.

[0037] The expected latency calculation unit 110 first locks onto the target smart meter 103 in the delay topology tree and traces back its complete communication path to the concentrator 102 based on the topology. Then, it calls the stored historical database to read the smart meter 103's own historical communication latency value and the historical forwarding latency value of each relay node along the path. Next, it linearly accumulates these discrete latency values ​​along the data flow direction to obtain the deterministic total path transmission time. Finally, it adds a preset channel contention safety margin time to this sum to generate the final expected data return latency. This process realizes the transformation from single-point latency statistics to full-link latency aggregation. By introducing a safety margin mechanism, it incorporates uncertainties into the scheduling calculation model, ensuring that the calculated expected latency includes both historical regularity characteristics and tolerance for sudden disturbances, laying a data foundation for subsequent high-precision reverse time alignment scheduling.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assuming a smart meter 103A exists in the system, its data needs to be relayed through relay node B and relay node C before reaching the concentrator 102. The expected latency calculation unit 110 first extracts the average transmission delay of smart meter 103A from historical records as 30ms, the average forwarding delay of relay node B as 45ms, and the average forwarding delay of relay node C as 40ms. The unit adds these three values ​​to obtain a basic path delay of 115ms. Considering the large fluctuations in the power grid load in this area and the intense channel contention, the system presets a channel contention safety margin time of 20ms. The expected latency calculation unit 110 adds 115ms to 20ms, obtaining an expected data return latency of 135ms for smart meter 103A. This value will be passed to the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 to calculate the timing of the instruction sent to the smart meter 103A, ensuring that its data, after deducting the 135ms transmission and buffering time, can accurately fall into the receiving time slot planned by the concentrator 102.

[0039] Furthermore, the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 includes a parameter acquisition unit 111 and a release time calculation unit 112; The parameter acquisition unit 111 is used to acquire the target freeze time T0 issued by the master station 101, the expected data return time Ti of the smart meter 103i, and the transmission delay Di of the instruction issued from the concentrator 102 to the smart meter 103i. The instruction issuance time calculation unit 112 is used to calculate the instruction issuance time Ci=T0-Di of smart meter 103i according to the reverse topology order of expected data return time Ti from long to short, so that smart meter 103 with longer expected return time can receive the instruction first, and ensure that after each smart meter 103 synchronously performs the data freeze operation when the local clock reaches T0, its return data will not conflict during the aggregation period.

[0040] The reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 first locks the target freeze time T0 for global synchronization through the parameter acquisition unit 111, and quantifies the expected uplink backhaul time Ti and downlink command transmission delay Di for each smart meter 103i. Then, the command issuance time calculation unit 112 reverse-sorts the meters according to the magnitude of Ti, establishing the principle that the longer the backhaul time, the higher the command issuance priority. Based on this, the module calculates a unique command issuance time Ci for each smart meter 103i, using its specific downlink transmission delay Di, working backward from the target time T0. When the concentrator 102 issues a reservation freeze command carrying T0 and backhaul time slot information to the smart meter 103i at time Ci, the smart meter 103i receives the command after experiencing a transmission delay of time Di, parses T0, and starts a local countdown. Since all meters perform freeze based on the same T0, regardless of their physical distance from the concentrator 102 or the depth of the network layer, data snapshot freeze can be completed the instant the local clock points to T0. This mechanism transforms the complex distributed clock synchronization problem into a precise time calculation problem based on known delay parameters, and eliminates the uncertainty caused by network transmission delay by using reverse derivation, thus achieving strict synchronization of a large number of smart meters in logical time.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the specific implementation of this application's solution is as follows: Assume that the target freeze time T0 issued by the main station 101 is 24:00:00 on the same day. There are two smart meters 103 in the system. Meter A is located in the deep network, and its expected data return time Ta is 5 seconds, and the instruction issuance transmission delay Da is 0.5 seconds; meter B is located in the shallow network, and its expected data return time Tb is 1 second, and the instruction issuance transmission delay Db is 0.1 seconds. The parameter acquisition unit 111 first extracts Ta=5s, Da=0.5s, Tb=1s, and Db=0.1s. The issuance time calculation unit 112 compares Ta and Tb and finds that Ta>Tb, therefore determining that meter A has a higher priority than meter B. Then, the calculation unit calculates the instruction issuance time respectively: for meter A, Ca=T0-Da=23:59:59.5; for meter B, Cb=T0-Db=23:59:59.9. Following this calculation precisely, concentrator 102 first sends a command to meter A at 23:59:59.5. Meter A receives the command 0.5 seconds later (approximately before 24:00:00, i.e., 23:59:59.99...). Then, at 23:59:59.9, it sends a command to meter B. Meter B receives the command 0.1 seconds later (approximately before 24:00:00) and sets its freeze time to 24:00:00. Ultimately, despite the different distances and delays between the two meters, both execute the freeze precisely at 24:00:00. Furthermore, because meter A is prioritized for scheduling, sufficient response margin is ensured for long-path meters, avoiding synchronization deviations caused by command congestion or untimely processing.

[0042] Furthermore, the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 includes a time slot allocation unit 113 and a guard interval insertion unit 114: The time slot allocation unit 113 is used to calculate the expected arrival time window of the data returned by each smart meter 103 to the concentrator 102 based on the expected data return time of each smart meter 103 and the level depth in the delay topology tree, and to allocate the return time slot to each smart meter 103 in sequence according to the principle that the expected arrival time windows do not overlap. The protection interval insertion unit 114 is used to insert a preset anti-collision protection interval between adjacent backhaul time slots, as well as between the time slots of the same relay node receiving lower-level data and forwarding data to the upper level.

[0043] After the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 completes the calculation of the instruction issuance time and triggers the synchronization freeze of the smart meter 103, the time slot allocation unit 113 first reads the hierarchical information of each node in the delay topology tree and the historical communication delay data, and calculates the expected time window for each node's data to arrive at the root node (concentrator 102). Then, according to the order of the time windows, it allocates an exclusive backhaul time slot for each node to ensure that no two time slots intersect on the time axis. Next, the protection interval insertion unit 114 intervenes and automatically fills a fixed-length silent protection interval at all the allocated time slot boundaries and at the critical points of relay node transmit and receive switching. Finally, a complete uplink communication frame structure is formed, which includes an alternating data transmission area and a protection interval area, guiding each smart meter 103 and relay node to perform transmit or receive actions within a strictly defined time slice, thereby achieving conflict-free data transmission throughout the entire network.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assume there are three smart meters 103M1, M2, and M3 in the system, where M1 and M2 are connected to the concentrator 102 via relay node R1, and M3 is directly connected to the concentrator 102. The time slot allocation unit 113 calculates the expected transmission time for M1 to be 200ms, for M2 to be 210ms, and for M3 to be 50ms based on historical data. To ensure that the data from the three meters arrives at the concentrator 102 simultaneously or in an orderly manner without conflict, the time slot allocation unit 113 calculates that M1 needs to send data at time T-200ms, M2 needs to send data at time T-210ms, and M3 needs to send data at time T-50ms (T is the target arrival reference time). Accordingly, the time slot allocation unit 113 allocates time slot Slot_2 to M2, time slot Slot_1 to M1, and time slot Slot_3 to M3, and arranges Slot_2, Slot_1, and Slot_3 sequentially. Subsequently, the guard interval insertion unit 114 inserts 10ms guard intervals between Slot_2 and Slot_1, and between Slot_1 and Slot_3 respectively. Simultaneously, detecting that relay node R1 needs to forward data to concentrator 102 after receiving M1 / M2 data, a 10ms guard interval is also inserted between the end of R1's receive time slot and the beginning of its forwarding time slot to prevent self-interference between R1's own transmit and receive antennas. Under this configuration, each meter strictly follows the allocated time slots and guard intervals, ensuring smooth and complete data flow.

[0045] Furthermore, the smart meter 103 includes an instruction parsing unit 115, a freeze trigger unit 116, and a data feedback unit 117: The instruction parsing unit 115 is used to parse the reservation freeze instruction to obtain the target freeze time and the allocated return time slot, and start the local timer; The freeze trigger unit 116 is used to trigger a data freeze operation when the local clock reaches the target freeze time, and to store a snapshot of the electrical parameter data at the current time into the local buffer. The data backhaul unit 117 is used to enter a waiting state after the data is frozen. When the local clock reaches the start time of the backhaul time slot, the frozen data in the buffer is backhauled to the concentrator 102 via the relay node.

[0046] The smart meter 103 receives and parses the scheduled freeze command from the concentrator 102 via the command parsing unit 115, extracts key time parameters (target freeze time and feedback time slot), and calibrates or starts the local timer accordingly. Subsequently, the freeze triggering unit 116 uses the local timer to count down or perform real-time comparison. Once the local clock is detected to coincide with the target freeze time, a data snapshot is immediately collected and written to the cache, completing the data freeze. Finally, the data feedback unit 117 remains silent after the freeze action is completed until the local clock reaches the preset feedback time slot start point, at which point the data transmission process is initiated, forwarding the frozen data in the cache to the concentrator 102 hop-by-hop via relay nodes in the network topology. The entire process is completed autonomously by the smart meter 103, without the need for real-time intervention from the master station 101 or the concentrator 102 at the freeze time. High-precision synchronization can be achieved solely by relying on pre-issued commands and the local clock.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assume that the concentrator 102 issues a set of scheduled freeze instructions, requiring all subordinate smart meters 103 to freeze their data at 24:00:00 (the target freeze time) on the same day, and allocating a data return time slot from 24:00:05 to 24:00:10 to smart meter 103 numbered ID_001. After receiving the instruction, the instruction parsing unit 115 of smart meter ID_001 parses the target time and time slot information and resets its internal local timer. When the local clock of ID_001 reaches 24:00:00, its freeze trigger unit 116 immediately activates, reads the current voltage and current values ​​and stores them in the EEPROM buffer. At this time, the data is locked, and even if the load changes subsequently, it will not affect the frozen data. Immediately afterwards, the data return unit 117 enters a waiting mode. When the clock continues to tick until 24:00:05, the data transmission unit 117 is awakened and sends the buffered data packets to the upper-level relay node via power line carrier or wireless low-power network, eventually converging to the concentrator 102. During this process, if other meters are allocated different time slots, they will transmit data back sequentially within their respective time periods without interfering with each other.

[0048] Furthermore, the isolated retransmission control module 106 includes an anomaly retrieval unit 118, a path extraction unit 119, and a conflict region division unit 120: The anomaly retrieval unit 118 is used to retrieve abnormal meters that have failed to successfully transmit data in the delay topology tree; The path extraction unit 119 is used to track and extract the upper-level relay nodes through which the abnormal electricity meter transmits data, forming an upper-level relay path. The conflict area division unit 120 is used to uniformly divide the local topology branch in the delay topology tree where all smart meters 103 that share at least one relay node in the upper-level relay path are located into conflict subtree regions.

[0049] When the system detects a data transmission failure of a smart meter 103, it first uses the anomaly retrieval unit 118 to locate the anomaly target; then, it activates the path extraction unit 119 to trace upwards along the topology tree and reconstruct the complete relay link on which the meter's data transmission depends; finally, the conflict area division unit 120 uses this link as a reference to scan the entire network topology and delineates all other meters sharing any node on this link as conflict subtree regions. The underlying logic of this process is that in wireless or carrier communication networks, downlink or uplink channels sharing the same relay node often experience resource contention or interference coupling. Once a transmission error occurs on this link, it is highly likely that other nodes in the area have initiated unexpected communication requests or generated noise interference during the same time period. Therefore, by classifying nodes sharing the same path into the same conflict area, the system can accurately locate the probability distribution range of interference sources, providing a clear logical boundary for subsequent implementation of targeted isolation and retransmission strategies.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assume that concentrator 102 completes the first round of frozen data acquisition at time T1 and finds that smart meter 103, numbered M_05, has not returned data. At this time, the anomaly retrieval unit 118 outputs an anomaly identifier M_05. The path extraction unit 119 then queries the topology database and learns that the data return path of M_05 is: M_05->relay node R_2->relay node R_1->concentrator 102. Next, the conflict area division unit 120 starts working. It traverses all smart meters 103 in the current network and finds that meters M_06 and M_07 also return data via R_2, while meters M_08 and M_09 only pass through R_1 but not R_2, and meter M_10 does not pass through either R_1 or R_2 at all. According to the rule of sharing at least one relay node, the conflict area division unit 120 divides the branch containing M_05, M_06, and M_07 (i.e., the subtree rooted at R_2) into the current conflict subtree area. Within this area, M_06 and M_07 are considered potential sources of interference and will be subject to silencing control in the next cycle, while meters in other areas such as M_08 to M_10 will maintain normal scheduling without intervention in the retransmission process.

[0051] Furthermore, the isolated retransmission control module 106 also includes a silence control unit 121, a dedicated window configuration unit 122, a retransmission execution unit 123, and an isolation upgrade unit 124: The silence control unit 121 is used to issue a silence control command carrying silence time slot parameters to normal meters in the conflict subtree area during the next retransmission cycle, so that normal meters shut down their radio frequency transmission channels during the silence time slot; the dedicated window configuration unit 122 is used to configure the silence time slot as a dedicated retransmission window for abnormal meters; the retransmission execution unit 123 is used to send retransmission commands to abnormal meters during the period when the dedicated window configuration unit 122 is active. This allows abnormal meters to transmit data back in an isolated environment where there is no channel competition from other meters in the same area. The isolation upgrade unit 124 is used to move the isolation range of the conflict subtree area one level towards the root node when the retransmission execution unit 123 fails to retransmit within the dedicated retransmission window. That is, the node above the current highest-level relay node on the abnormal meter's back transmission path is used as the new isolation boundary, expanding the conflict subtree area and the corresponding silent time slot length. Then, the silent control unit 121 and the retransmission execution unit 123 are triggered to perform silent control and retransmission operations again within the expanded silent time slot until the retransmission is successful or the maximum number of retransmissions is reached.

[0052] During the initial retransmission phase, the system first identifies the smallest affected area of ​​the fault (i.e., the local subtree directly sharing the fault path), silencing only normal meters within this area and opening a dedicated retransmission window for abnormal meters. If retransmission still fails under this local isolation environment, the system infers that the interference source may be located outside this local area but on a common upstream path, or the interference intensity may be sufficient to penetrate the local isolation. At this point, the system no longer blindly increases the retransmission power or frequency, but instead adopts a space-for-time strategy, pushing the isolation boundary upstream and forcing the upstream relay nodes and all their subordinate branches into a silent state. This progressively expanding isolation mechanism is essentially a binary search or breadth-first search-based interference source localization and elimination process. It dynamically adjusts the topology depth of the silent area, gradually stripping away potential interference nodes until a sufficiently clean channel environment is found for the abnormal meter to complete data backhaul, or it is confirmed that the link is completely unusable.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assume that the concentrator 102 discovers through the delay topology tree that the data return transmission of meter A has failed, and meter A is transmitting data back via relay node R1. Initially, the isolated retransmission control module 106 divides meters B and C, which share R1, into conflict subtree regions. The silent control unit 121 issues instructions to meters B and C to shut down their radio frequency within time slot T1; the dedicated window configuration unit 122 sets time slot T1 as a dedicated window for meter A; and the retransmission execution unit 123 sends a retransmission instruction to meter A within time slot T1. If meter A still fails to retransmit within time slot T1, the isolation upgrade unit 124 intervenes and analyzes that the parent node of R1 is R2. The isolation upgrade unit 124 moves the isolation boundary up to R2. At this time, all meters transmitting data back via R2 (including meters D and E, which were originally unaffected) are included in the new conflict subtree region. The silence control unit 121 then issues new silence commands to meters B, C, D, and E, requiring them to remain silent for a longer time slot T2; the dedicated window configuration unit 122 configures time slot T2 as a new dedicated window for meter A; the retransmission execution unit 123 triggers meter A to retransmit again within time slot T2. If successful, the process ends; if it fails and the maximum number of attempts has not been reached, the isolation boundary is moved up to the parent node of R2, and the above process is repeated.

[0054] Furthermore, the isolated retransmission control module 106 also includes a fault handling unit 125. The fault handling unit 125 is used to mark the corresponding abnormal meter as faulty offline when the retransmission count reaches the maximum number of retransmissions and still fails. It then cancels the abnormal meter and its exclusive relay link in the delay topology tree constructed by the topology layer construction unit 108, and generates an alarm message containing the abnormal meter identifier, the identifier of the conflict subtree area to which it belongs, and the retransmission failure log. The concentrator 102 actively sends the alarm message to the master station 101 to trigger operation and maintenance intervention.

[0055] When the system detects that a smart meter 103, after multiple isolation upgrades and retransmission attempts, still fails to successfully transmit data and the retransmission count reaches a preset maximum threshold, the fault handling unit 125 intervenes. First, the unit's internal state machine marks the meter as permanently faulty, blocking subsequent regular scheduling requests to that meter. Second, the unit traverses the current delay topology tree, identifies and removes the meter and its dedicated relay path nodes, completing a dynamic reconstruction of the topology. Then, the unit extracts the meter's identity information, its fault area number, and detailed failure records, encapsulating them into a standard alarm data packet. Finally, the concentrator 102 sends this data packet to the remote master station 101 via the uplink communication interface. Upon receiving the alarm, the master station 101 parses the message content, locates the faulty device, and initiates the corresponding manual or automated maintenance process.

[0056] Second Embodiment This application also provides a data processing method for an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system, which is executed using an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in any of the preceding embodiments. This method abstracts the physical architecture operation of the system into a logical processing flow, covering the entire process from network topology construction and reverse time-aligned scheduling to isolated retransmission control, aiming to solve the problem that existing data processing methods lack dedicated processes that match high-reliability collection systems.

[0057] Step 1: Based on historical data collection records, obtain the network topology hierarchy and historical communication delay of each smart meter 103, construct a delay topology tree with concentrator 102 as the root node and smart meter 103 as the leaf nodes, and calculate the expected data return time of each smart meter 103 to concentrator 102 via relay nodes at all levels. This step is performed by the topology and delay analysis module 104 in the system. The network topology hierarchy refers to the hierarchical structure of connections between the smart meter 103 and the concentrator 102 via relay nodes. It is derived from the relay node jump information extracted from the communication records of successful data transmissions from each smart meter 103 within a preset historical time window. Historical communication delay is calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of the actual time consumed by each smart meter 103 in transmitting data back within the historical time window, removing abnormal time data exceeding a preset fluctuation range, and simultaneously calculating the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node based on the historical data transmission records of the relay nodes. The expected data transmission time is obtained by progressively summing the historical communication delay of the smart meter 103 itself with the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node along its transmission path, and then adding a preset channel contention safety margin time to the summation. For example, if a smart meter 103 has a latency of 50ms, and there are two relay nodes on the path with latency of 20ms and 30ms respectively, and the channel contention safety margin is set to 10ms, then the expected data return time for this meter is 110ms. This calculation method, based on historical data statistics and the superposition of safety margins, can quantitatively assess the transmission risk of different paths, providing a reliable time benchmark for subsequent precise scheduling. This step aims to establish a digital model reflecting the real network conditions, thereby laying the data foundation for eliminating return collisions.

[0058] Step 2: After receiving the data collection task for the target freeze time from the main station 101, using the target freeze time as the time base, and based on the expected data transmission time of each smart meter 103, calculate the instruction issuance time corresponding to each smart meter 103 in reverse topological order from leaf node to root node; at their respective instruction issuance times, issue a reservation freeze instruction carrying the target freeze time and the corresponding transmission time slot to each smart meter 103, so that each smart meter 103 synchronously performs the data freeze operation when the local clock reaches the target freeze time, and transmits the frozen data back to the concentrator 102 in staggered time windows according to the transmission time slot; This step is executed by the reverse time alignment scheduling module 105 in the system. The target freeze time T0 is the unified data snapshot time point specified by the master station 101. The instruction issuance time Ci is calculated according to the formula Ci=T0-Di, where Di is the transmission delay of the instruction from the concentrator 102 to the smart meter 103i. This calculation process follows the reverse topology order of the expected data return time Ti from long to short, ensuring that the meter with the longer return path receives the instruction first. The scheduled freeze instruction includes the target freeze time and the allocated return time slot. Its function is to trigger the instruction parsing unit 115 inside the smart meter 103 to start the local timer, and when the local clock reaches T0, the freeze trigger unit 116 performs the data freeze operation, storing the electrical parameter data snapshot in the buffer. Subsequently, the data return unit 117, while waiting for the start time of the return time slot, transmits the data back through the relay node. For example, for remote meters where the data transmission is expected to take a long time, the system issues instructions in advance to compensate for the long transmission path time; while for nearby meters, instructions are issued slightly later, ensuring that although the data from all meters depart at different times, they arrive at the concentrator 102 in an orderly manner according to the allocated non-overlapping time slots. Furthermore, the system inserts preset anti-collision protection intervals between adjacent transmission time slots and between the receiving and forwarding time slots of the same relay node to further prevent signal overlap. Through the combined use of this reverse time alignment mechanism and protection intervals, the system achieves logical synchronization freezing and physically conflict-free transmission of meter data across the entire network, significantly improving the data acquisition success rate.

[0059] Step 3: After the first round of data transmission is completed, identify the abnormal meters that failed to transmit data, locate the upper-level relay path of the abnormal meter in the delay topology tree, divide the local topology area where the smart meter 103 sharing the relay path is located into a conflict subtree area, and in the next retransmission cycle, send a silent control command to the normal meters in the conflict subtree area to force them to enter the silent time slot, and send a retransmission command to the abnormal meter in the time period corresponding to the silent time slot until the retransmission is successful or the maximum number of retransmissions is reached. This step is executed by the isolated retransmission control module 106 in the system. An abnormal meter refers to a smart meter 103 that failed to return an acknowledgment signal or whose data verification failed in the first round of transmission. The upper-level relay path is formed by tracing and extracting the upper-level relay nodes through which the abnormal meter's transmission data passes. The conflict subtree region refers to the local topology branch in the delay topology tree containing all smart meters 103 that share at least one relay node in the upper-level relay path. The silence control command carries silence time slot parameters, used to shut down the radio frequency transmission channel of normal meters within the conflict subtree region for a specified period, thereby forming a contention-free isolation environment. The dedicated retransmission window is configured as the aforementioned silence time slot, specifically for use by abnormal meters. If retransmission fails, the system performs an isolation upgrade operation, shifting the isolation range of the conflict subtree region one level towards the root node, that is, using the node above the current highest-level relay node on the abnormal meter's transmission path as the new isolation boundary, expanding the conflict subtree region and the corresponding silence time slot length, and then performing silence control and retransmission operations again. For example, when a meter in a branch fails to retransmit, the system not only silences other meters in the same branch, but if the failure persists, it expands the scope to silence all related meters in the next higher-level backbone, providing a cleaner channel for the faulty meter. If the maximum number of retransmissions is reached without success, the faulty meter is marked as offline, its dedicated relay link and the meter are deregistered from the delay topology tree, and an alarm message containing the fault identifier and retransmission log is generated and sent to the main station 101. This dynamic strategy of dividing conflict areas and hierarchical isolation effectively blocks the impact of local congestion on the overall network, minimizing interference with normal communication while ensuring a high retransmission success rate.

[0060] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one or more preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of this application are still within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An intelligent electricity consumption information collection system, characterized in that, It includes a master station, a concentrator, and multiple smart meters. The concentrator includes a topology and delay analysis module, a reverse time alignment scheduling module, and an isolated retransmission control module. The topology and delay analysis module is used to obtain the network topology level and historical communication delay of each smart meter based on historical data collection records, construct a delay topology tree with the concentrator as the root node and the smart meters as the leaf nodes, and calculate the expected data transmission time of each smart meter back to the concentrator via relay nodes at all levels. The reverse time alignment scheduling module is used to, after receiving the data collection task for the target freeze time issued by the master station, use the target freeze time as the time base, calculate the instruction issuance time corresponding to each smart meter according to the expected data return time of each smart meter and in reverse topological order from leaf node to root node; at the corresponding instruction issuance time, issue a reservation freeze instruction carrying the target freeze time and the corresponding return time slot to each smart meter, so that each smart meter synchronously performs the data freeze operation when the local clock reaches the target freeze time, and returns the frozen data to the concentrator in staggered time windows according to the return time slot; The isolated retransmission control module is used to identify abnormal meters that have failed to transmit data after the first round of data transmission is completed, locate the upper-level relay path of the abnormal meter in the delay topology tree, divide the local topology area where the smart meters sharing the relay path are located into conflict subtree areas, and in the next retransmission cycle, send a silence control command to the normal meters in the conflict subtree area to force them to enter the silence time slot, and send a retransmission command to the abnormal meter in the time period corresponding to the silence time slot until the retransmission is successful or the maximum number of retransmissions is reached.

2. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The topology and delay analysis module includes a historical communication extraction unit, a topology hierarchy construction unit, and a delay calculation unit. The historical communication extraction unit is used to extract communication records of successfully transmitted data from each smart meter within a preset historical time window. The topology layer construction unit is used to construct a network topology layer with the concentrator as the root node, the relay nodes as intermediate nodes, and the smart meters as leaf nodes based on the relay node jump information in the communication record. The delay calculation unit is used to calculate the actual time consumed by each smart meter to transmit data back each time within the historical time window, remove abnormal time consumption data that exceeds the preset fluctuation range, and calculate the arithmetic mean. The arithmetic mean is used as the historical communication delay of the corresponding smart meter. Based on the historical records of relay nodes forwarding meter data, the unit calculates the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node.

3. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The topology and delay analysis module also includes an expected time calculation unit. The expected time calculation unit is used to accumulate the historical communication delay of any smart meter in the delay topology tree and the historical forwarding delay of each level of relay node on its backhaul path, and to add a preset channel contention safety margin time to the sum of the sums. The final sum is used as the expected time for the smart meter to transmit data back to the concentrator through each level of relay node.

4. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The reverse time alignment scheduling module includes a parameter acquisition unit and a release time calculation unit; The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the target freeze time T0 issued by the main station and the expected data return time T of smart meter i. i And the transmission delay D of the command being sent from the concentrator to the smart meter i i ; The data transmission time calculation unit is used to calculate the expected data transmission time T. i Calculate the command issuance time C of smart meter i by following the reverse topological order from longest to shortest. i =T0-D i This ensures that smart meters with longer expected data return times receive instructions first, and that after each smart meter synchronously performs a data freeze operation when its local clock reaches T0, its data return will not conflict during the aggregation period.

5. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The reverse time alignment scheduling module includes a time slot allocation unit and a guard interval insertion unit: The time slot allocation unit is used to calculate the expected arrival time window of the data returned by each smart meter to the concentrator based on the expected data return time of each smart meter and the level depth in the delay topology tree, and to allocate the return time slot to each smart meter in sequence according to the principle that the expected arrival time windows do not overlap. The protection interval insertion unit is used to insert a preset anti-collision protection interval between adjacent backhaul time slots, and between the time slots of the same relay node receiving lower-level data and forwarding data to the upper level.

6. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The smart meter in the system includes an instruction parsing unit, a freeze triggering unit, and a data feedback unit: The instruction parsing unit is used to parse the reservation freeze instruction to obtain the target freeze time and the allocated return time slot, and start the local timer; The freeze trigger unit is used to trigger a data freeze operation when the local clock reaches the target freeze time, and to store a snapshot of the electrical parameter data at the current time into the local cache. The data backhaul unit is used to enter a waiting state after the data is frozen. When the local clock reaches the start time of the backhaul time slot, it backhauls the frozen data in the buffer to the concentrator via the relay node.

7. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The isolated retransmission control module includes an anomaly retrieval unit, a path extraction unit, and a conflict region division unit: The anomaly retrieval unit is used to retrieve abnormal electricity meters that have failed to successfully transmit data in the delay topology tree; The path extraction unit is used to track and extract the upper-level relay nodes through which the abnormal electricity meter transmits data, forming an upper-level relay path. The conflict area division unit is used to uniformly divide the local topology branches in the delay topology tree where all smart meters that share at least one relay node in the upper-level relay path are located into conflict subtree regions.

8. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The isolated retransmission control module also includes a silent control unit, a dedicated window configuration unit, a retransmission execution unit, and an isolation upgrade unit: The silence control unit is used to send a silence control command carrying silence time slot parameters to the normal meters in the conflict subtree area in the next retransmission cycle, so that the normal meters can shut down the radio frequency transmission channel in the silence time slot. A dedicated window configuration unit is used to configure the silent time slot as a dedicated retransmission window for abnormal meters; The retransmission execution unit is used to send a retransmission command to the abnormal meter during the period when the dedicated window configuration unit is in effect, so that the abnormal meter can transmit data back in an isolated environment without channel contention from other meters in the same area. The isolation upgrade unit is used to move the isolation range of the conflict subtree region one level towards the root node when the retransmission execution unit fails to retransmit within the dedicated retransmission window. That is, the node above the current highest-level relay node on the abnormal meter backhaul path is used as the new isolation boundary, expanding the conflict subtree region and the corresponding silent time slot length. Then, the silent control unit and the retransmission execution unit are triggered to perform silent control and retransmission operations again within the expanded silent time slot until the retransmission is successful or the maximum number of retransmissions is reached.

9. The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The isolated retransmission control module also includes a fault handling unit. When the retransmission count reaches the maximum number of retransmissions and still fails, the fault handling unit marks the corresponding abnormal meter as being in a faulty offline state, cancels the abnormal meter and its exclusive relay link in the delay topology tree constructed by the topology layer construction unit, and then generates an alarm message containing the abnormal meter identifier, the identifier of the conflict subtree region to which it belongs, and the retransmission failure log. The concentrator actively sends the alarm message to the main station to trigger operation and maintenance intervention.

10. A data processing method for an intelligent electricity consumption information collection system, characterized in that, The intelligent electricity consumption information collection system described in any one of claims 1-9 is adopted.

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