Digital detection system and method for performance of highway vegetation coiled material slope protection

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of information and communication technology in infrastructure management, and discloses a highway vegetation coiled material slope protection performance digital detection system and method, which comprises: an in-situ sensing and collecting module for collecting in-situ multi-source physical state time series signals of the vegetation coiled material; an edge data preprocessing module for implementing spatial gradient topological weight correction according to the spatial coordinates of the slope surface, the catchment topography and the slope gradient, and generating a slope topological space-time state tensor; a digital performance evaluation module for inputting the state tensor into an embedded evaluation operator, calculating a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index fused with soil water and nutrient retention, structure tensile reinforcement and cumulative erosion damage sub-items; and a compliance supervision and decision interaction module for generating an electronic maintenance work order and a compliance storage certificate according to the performance index. The present application eliminates the sampling distortion caused by the difference in slope surface catchment kinetic energy, realizes non-destructive continuous sensing of slope protection performance, and constructs a data-driven maintenance scheduling and compliance performance closed loop.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a digital testing system and method for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, belonging to the field of information and communication technology application technology in infrastructure management. Background Technology

[0002] Prefabricated vegetation rolls are commonly used for slope protection along highways. These rolls prefabricate and stitch together seeds, nutrient layers, and load-bearing layers, forming a protective structure with water and soil conservation functions after installation. The protective performance of vegetation rolls is affected by factors such as meteorological conditions, rainfall erosion, and root development, and changes continuously during use. In quality supervision and maintenance management, it is necessary to assess the water-holding capacity, electrical conductivity, load-bearing stress state, and scour dynamic pressure of the rolls to determine the slope stability and maintenance performance.

[0003] Highway slopes are long and steep, and during rainfall, the kinetic energy of water runoff and the seepage gradient differ significantly at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope, with inconsistent changes in condition at different locations. Traditional detection methods mainly involve on-site cutting and sampling or pin measurement, with the collected samples brought back to the laboratory for index testing. These methods can damage the original structural integrity of the roofing membrane, altering the interweaving state of the fiber nutrient layer and root complex, thus causing changes in seepage channels and stress distribution. Furthermore, this discrete sampling method is difficult to continuously record the soil erosion process during sudden events such as heavy rainfall. Current technologies also involve embedding independent sensing probes in localized areas of the slope, but a single probe typically only collects one physical quantity; simply increasing the number and density of probes increases maintenance costs. The costs are high, and the discrete data obtained from each measuring point are not corrected for the spatial location of the slope and the water catchment relationship, making it difficult to correct for measurement deviations caused by differences in water catchment kinetic energy. The stability of vegetation rolls is affected by factors such as hydrological conditions, nutrient status, strain, and erosion damage. However, existing detection methods usually only record single-point data of each physical quantity separately, lacking a method for comprehensive evaluation of multiple measurement data, making it difficult to determine the causal relationship between changes in physical and chemical state and mechanical degradation. In addition, the collection of detection data and engineering supervision are usually separated, lacking a management mechanism to further transform the detected physical state into maintenance work orders and cancellation vouchers, resulting in management lags and regulatory blind spots in highway slope quality supervision, maintenance resource allocation, and project performance assessment.

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to uniformly process and comprehensively evaluate the physical state of different locations while maintaining the integrity of the original structure of the roll material, and how to connect the test results with the maintenance business process and contract performance verification. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the background art, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, the system comprising: The in-situ sensing and acquisition module includes a matrix moisture content probe, a matrix conductivity probe, a flexible strain sensor, and a slope runoff pressure sensor pre-embedded inside the prefabricated vegetation roll, which are used to acquire multi-source physical state time-series signals of the prefabricated vegetation roll under in-situ monitoring of the slope in real time. The edge data preprocessing module is connected to the in-situ sensing and acquisition module. It is used to apply spatial gradient topological weight correction and noise cleaning to the multi-source physical state time series signal based on the slope gridded spatial coordinate position, water catchment topology and slope gradient corresponding to the slope runoff pressure sensor, and to generate a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weight. The digital performance evaluation module communicates with the edge data preprocessing module and is used to input the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator. The decoupled calculation yields a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, which is nonlinearly weighted and fused from the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation. The compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module communicates with the digital performance evaluation module. When the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety critical threshold, it automatically locates the preset fault node and generates an electronic maintenance work order containing disposal actions. After the on-site maintenance is completed, it generates a digital compliance certificate based on the re-collected status recovery data.

[0006] Preferably, the digital performance evaluation module calculates the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index by weighting and combining the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile strength and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation. The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To provide a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, For the sub-item of soil water retention and nutrient availability, For the sub-item of structural tensile and stiffening mechanics, To accumulate the scour damage attenuation sub-item, , as well as The preset weighting coefficients, and .

[0007] Preferably, when the digital performance evaluation module calculates the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, it calculates the difference between the measured volumetric water content collected by the matrix moisture content probe and the preset germination critical moisture content threshold, substitutes the difference into the negative exponential function for mapping, adds 1 and takes the reciprocal, and then multiplies it by the ratio of the measured conductivity collected by the matrix conductivity probe to the preset standard reference conductivity to obtain the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item.

[0008] Preferably, when the digital performance evaluation module calculates the tensile and stiffening mechanical sub-items of the structure, it calculates the ratio of the measured bearing layer strain collected by the flexible strain sensor to the preset ultimate failure strain, and subtracts the square of the ratio from the value 1 to obtain the tensile and stiffening mechanical sub-items of the structure; when the digital performance evaluation module calculates the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item, it calculates the ratio of the measured dynamic pressure collected by the slope runoff dynamic pressure sensor to the preset reference dynamic pressure to the power of 1.5, multiplies it by the value 1 minus the difference between the real-time moisture content and the preset saturated moisture content, multiplies it by the preset fiber erosion attenuation coefficient, and performs time-series integration calculation within the monitoring time window to obtain the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item.

[0009] Preferably, when generating the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor, the edge data preprocessing module calculates the runoff evolution paths at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope based on the gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the matrix moisture content probe, matrix conductivity probe, flexible strain sensor, and slope runoff pressure sensor on the slope surface. It also compensates for the multi-source physical state time series signals in different catchment areas with differentiated slope gradient weights to eliminate data distortion caused by non-uniform slope degradation.

[0010] Preferably, when the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety threshold, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module analyzes the dominant sub-items that cause the index to drop to attribute the fault. When the dominant sub-item is the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item, an electronic maintenance work order containing the three-dimensional coordinates of the fault node and the instruction to spray the sealant is generated. When the dominant sub-item is the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, an electronic maintenance work order containing the three-dimensional coordinates of the fault node and the instruction to start automatic drip irrigation is generated.

[0011] Preferably, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module includes a blockchain evidence storage module. The blockchain evidence storage module is used to extract the three-dimensional coordinates and real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index of the preset fault node when generating the electronic maintenance work order, and to extract the state tensor before and after the maintenance is completed, the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index after recovery, and the maintenance completion timestamp after maintenance, package them to generate a hash evidence storage chain and write it into the blockchain distributed ledger.

[0012] Preferably, in the in-situ sensing and acquisition module, the matrix moisture content probe and the matrix conductivity probe are sandwiched inside the interlocking fiber nutrient layer of the prefabricated vegetation roll, the flexible strain sensor is attached to the interlacing node of the mesh bearing layer of the prefabricated vegetation roll, the slope runoff pressure sensor is deployed in the slope runoff collection area, and the matrix moisture content probe, the matrix conductivity probe, the flexible strain sensor and the slope runoff pressure sensor are connected to the edge data preprocessing module through flexible mesh wires.

[0013] Preferably, after the electronic maintenance work order is issued, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module starts the adaptive tracking and verification program, continuously receives the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor regenerated by the edge data preprocessing module, and automatically terminates the warning and generates a digital compliance certificate when the recalculated real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index recovers to above the preset cancellation threshold.

[0014] A digital testing method for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, used in a digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, includes the following steps: Step S1: Through the in-situ sensing and acquisition module, the multi-source physical state time-series signals of the matrix moisture content probe, matrix conductivity probe, flexible strain sensor and slope runoff pressure sensor pre-embedded inside the prefabricated vegetation roll material are acquired in real time under the in-situ monitoring state of the slope. Step S2: Through the edge data preprocessing module, based on the slope gridded spatial coordinates, water catchment topology, and slope gradient corresponding to the slope runoff pressure sensor, spatial gradient topological weight correction and noise cleaning are applied to the multi-source physical state time series signal to generate a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights. Step S3: Through the digital performance evaluation module, the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor is input into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator, and the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is obtained by nonlinear weighted fusion of the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, the structural tensile and reinforcement mechanics sub-item, and the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item. Step S4: Through the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module, when the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety critical threshold, the preset fault node is automatically located and an electronic maintenance work order containing disposal actions is generated. After the on-site maintenance is completed, a digital compliance certificate is generated based on the re-collected status recovery data.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In the digital testing of the performance of vegetation roll slope protection on highways, by setting up matrix moisture content probes, matrix conductivity probes, and flexible strain sensors inside the prefabricated vegetation roll, and continuously collecting multi-source physical state time-series signals, it is possible to continuously obtain state data such as nutrient layer moisture, conductivity, bearing layer strain, and slope runoff pressure without cutting the roll. This avoids the damage to the roll structure, seepage channels, and original stress state caused by traditional sample cutting, and enables the test data to continuously reflect the in-situ state of the vegetation roll, providing a complete and continuous data foundation for highway slope quality supervision.

[0016] 2. The edge data preprocessing module aligns the sampling times of different sensors and, in conjunction with the sensor locations, water catchment topology, and slope gradient, performs spatial gradient topology weight correction on the multi-source physical state time-series signals. This reduces the impact of sampling delays at different measuring points and differences in water catchment conditions at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope on the detection data. This allows measurement results scattered in different locations to be compared and processed under a unified spatiotemporal relationship, thus more completely reflecting the state changes in different areas of the slope and providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent slope protection performance evaluation.

[0017] 3. The digital performance evaluation module utilizes the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor to comprehensively evaluate soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile strength and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation, obtaining a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index. Compared with judging based on only a single physical quantity, this method can simultaneously reflect multiple aspects such as water, nutrients, stress, and scour damage, enabling the overall slope protection performance of vegetation rolls to be represented by a unified index, and further identifying the main factors causing performance degradation, thereby reducing the judgment lag caused by relying solely on single-point, single-item measurements. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the multi-source physical state sensing and closed-loop evaluation process for vegetation rolls in this invention. Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to the present invention.

[0019] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] A digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, the system comprising: The in-situ sensing and acquisition module includes a matrix moisture content probe, a matrix conductivity probe, a flexible strain sensor, and a slope runoff pressure sensor pre-embedded inside the prefabricated vegetation roll, which are used to acquire multi-source physical state time-series signals of the prefabricated vegetation roll under in-situ monitoring of the slope in real time. The edge data preprocessing module is connected to the in-situ sensing and acquisition module. It is used to apply spatial gradient topological weight correction and noise cleaning to the multi-source physical state time series signal based on the slope gridded spatial coordinate position, water catchment topology and slope gradient corresponding to the slope runoff pressure sensor, and to generate a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weight. The digital performance evaluation module communicates with the edge data preprocessing module and is used to input the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator. The decoupled calculation yields a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, which is nonlinearly weighted and fused from the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation. The compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module communicates with the digital performance evaluation module. When the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety critical threshold, it automatically locates the preset fault node and generates an electronic maintenance work order containing disposal actions. After the on-site maintenance is completed, it generates a digital compliance certificate based on the re-collected status recovery data.

[0022] Preferably, the digital performance evaluation module calculates the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index by weighting and combining the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile strength and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation. The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To provide a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, For the sub-item of soil water retention and nutrient availability, For the sub-item of structural tensile and stiffening mechanics, To accumulate the scour damage attenuation sub-item, , as well as The preset weighting coefficients, and .

[0023] Preferably, when the digital performance evaluation module calculates the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, it calculates the difference between the measured volumetric water content collected by the matrix moisture content probe and the preset germination critical moisture content threshold, substitutes the difference into the negative exponential function for mapping, adds 1 and takes the reciprocal, and then multiplies it by the ratio of the measured conductivity collected by the matrix conductivity probe to the preset standard reference conductivity to obtain the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item.

[0024] Preferably, when the digital performance evaluation module calculates the tensile and stiffening mechanical sub-items of the structure, it calculates the ratio of the measured bearing layer strain collected by the flexible strain sensor to the preset ultimate failure strain, and subtracts the square of the ratio from the value 1 to obtain the tensile and stiffening mechanical sub-items of the structure; when the digital performance evaluation module calculates the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item, it calculates the ratio of the measured dynamic pressure collected by the slope runoff dynamic pressure sensor to the preset reference dynamic pressure to the power of 1.5, multiplies it by the value 1 minus the difference between the real-time moisture content and the preset saturated moisture content, multiplies it by the preset fiber erosion attenuation coefficient, and performs time-series integration calculation within the monitoring time window to obtain the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item.

[0025] Preferably, when generating the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor, the edge data preprocessing module calculates the runoff evolution paths at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope based on the gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the matrix moisture content probe, matrix conductivity probe, flexible strain sensor, and slope runoff pressure sensor on the slope surface. It also compensates for the multi-source physical state time series signals in different catchment areas with differentiated slope gradient weights to eliminate data distortion caused by non-uniform slope degradation.

[0026] Preferably, when the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety threshold, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module analyzes the dominant sub-items that cause the index to drop to attribute the fault. When the dominant sub-item is the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item, an electronic maintenance work order containing the three-dimensional coordinates of the fault node and the instruction to spray the sealant is generated. When the dominant sub-item is the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, an electronic maintenance work order containing the three-dimensional coordinates of the fault node and the instruction to start automatic drip irrigation is generated.

[0027] Preferably, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module includes a blockchain evidence storage module. The blockchain evidence storage module is used to extract the three-dimensional coordinates and real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index of the preset fault node when generating the electronic maintenance work order, and to extract the state tensor before and after the maintenance is completed, the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index after recovery, and the maintenance completion timestamp after maintenance, package them to generate a hash evidence storage chain and write it into the blockchain distributed ledger.

[0028] Preferably, in the in-situ sensing and acquisition module, the matrix moisture content probe and the matrix conductivity probe are sandwiched inside the interlocking fiber nutrient layer of the prefabricated vegetation roll, the flexible strain sensor is attached to the interlacing node of the mesh bearing layer of the prefabricated vegetation roll, the slope runoff pressure sensor is deployed in the slope runoff collection area, and the matrix moisture content probe, the matrix conductivity probe, the flexible strain sensor and the slope runoff pressure sensor are connected to the edge data preprocessing module through flexible mesh wires.

[0029] Preferably, after the electronic maintenance work order is issued, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module starts the adaptive tracking and verification program, continuously receives the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor regenerated by the edge data preprocessing module, and automatically terminates the warning and generates a digital compliance certificate when the recalculated real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index recovers to above the preset cancellation threshold.

[0030] A digital testing method for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, used in a digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, includes the following steps: Step S1: Through the in-situ sensing and acquisition module, the multi-source physical state time-series signals of the matrix moisture content probe, matrix conductivity probe, flexible strain sensor and slope runoff pressure sensor pre-embedded inside the prefabricated vegetation roll material are acquired in real time under the in-situ monitoring state of the slope. Step S2: Through the edge data preprocessing module, based on the slope gridded spatial coordinates, water catchment topology, and slope gradient corresponding to the slope runoff pressure sensor, spatial gradient topological weight correction and noise cleaning are applied to the multi-source physical state time series signal to generate a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights. Step S3: Through the digital performance evaluation module, the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor is input into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator, and the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is obtained by nonlinear weighted fusion of the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, the structural tensile and reinforcement mechanics sub-item, and the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item. Step S4: Through the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module, when the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety critical threshold, the preset fault node is automatically located and an electronic maintenance work order containing disposal actions is generated. After the on-site maintenance is completed, a digital compliance certificate is generated based on the re-collected status recovery data.

[0031] Example 1: A prefabricated vegetation roll is currently being installed on a weathered sandstone highway excavation slope with a 45° gradient, a 12m height, and a 17m length. An in-situ sensing and acquisition module is pre-embedded within this module. This module includes a matrix moisture content probe and a matrix conductivity probe sandwiched within a 1cm thick interlocking fiber nutrient layer; a flexible strain sensor attached to the interlaced nodes of a cotton-linen mesh bearing layer with a tensile strength of 9.65kN / m; and slope runoff pressure sensors deployed according to a gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinate system at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope where runoff converges. In the prefabrication and stitching process of the prefabricated vegetation roll, the matrix moisture content probe and matrix conductivity probe utilize a flat needle-type stainless steel electrode structure, inserted parallel to each other in the matrix soil between the upper non-woven fiber cloth and the lower plant fiber mesh, with the probe sensing surface facing inwards. The flexible strain sensor is fixed to the cotton-linen bearing mesh using modified polyurethane flexible weather-resistant adhesive. The lower surface of the interwoven nodes is protected from direct erosion by water flow. The pressure-sensing diaphragm of the slope runoff pressure sensor faces upwards on the slope and is flush with the surface of the roll material, sensing the vertical dynamic water pressure of the slope runoff. The signal leads of each sensor probe are crimped to a highly flexible copper wire mesh shielded cable wrapped with a polytetrafluoroethylene sheath. The flexible mesh wire is woven along the main reinforcing ribs of the cotton and linen mesh and embedded inside the roll material layer. It converges at the edge of the roll material to a waterproof aviation plug, which is electrically and signal-hardwired to the microcontroller interface of the edge data preprocessing module installed in the slope protection box. Under the multi-physics field conditions of rainfall erosion and seepage, the in-situ structure of the prefabricated vegetation roll material maintains physical continuity. Each sensor outputs multi-source physical state time-series signals of matrix volume water content, pore medium conductivity, local micro-strain of the bearing layer, and slope runoff impact dynamic pressure through the flexible mesh wire, eliminating in-situ stress distortion and flow channel damage caused by sampling damage to the roll material structure.

[0032] The edge data preprocessing module receives multi-source physical state time-series signals output by the in-situ sensing acquisition module. Within a preset time-domain sliding window, it eliminates the acquisition delay between different sensor nodes. Based on the slope's gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates, catchment topology, and slope gradient, it calculates the runoff evolution paths at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope. It then applies differentiated slope gradient compensation weights to the multi-source physical state time-series signals in different catchment areas and performs spatial gradient topology weight correction to eliminate data distortion caused by non-uniform slope degradation. Finally, it generates a slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights. .

[0033] The digital performance evaluation module receives the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor. It is then input into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator to decouple the calculation of soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-items. Sub-item: Structural Tensile and Reinforcement Mechanics and cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item Then, the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is obtained through weighted calculation. The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To provide a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, , and For the preset weighting coefficients, satisfy Under this operating condition, they are respectively set as follows: , , .

[0034] Sub-item: Soil water retention and nutrient availability The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To measure the volumetric moisture content of the matrix, The critical water content threshold for vegetation germination is set to 0.15. The moisture content response transition coefficient is set to 0.03. To measure the matrix conductivity, The standard maintenance substrate reference conductivity is set at 1.2 mS / cm.

[0035] Structural Tensile and Reinforcement Mechanics Sub-item The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To measure the strain of the bearing layer, The ultimate failure strain of the prefabricated vegetation roll bearing layer is set to 0.18.

[0036] Cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, The fiber erosion attenuation coefficient is set to 0.02h. - ¹, To measure the dynamic pressure, The baseline scouring dynamic pressure is set to 1 kPa. For real-time moisture content, The saturated moisture content is set to 0.45. For integration time variable, To monitor the length of the time window.

[0037] In the above-mentioned erosion damage assessment mechanism, the relative difference between real-time moisture content and saturated moisture content characterizes the pore matrix suction and shear stripping margin when the matrix is ​​in an unsaturated state. When the moisture content is low, the matrix suction is significant and the air-water interface tension in the pores dominates the primary resistance to erosion. Rainfall infiltration causes the moisture content to gradually approach the saturated moisture content, the matrix suction is almost exhausted and enters the saturated mud state. At this time, the difference reflects the dissipation process of the matrix's own shear resistance. At the same time, as surface water flows converge, the measured dynamic pressure acting on the surface of the roll material continues to increase nonlinearly and dramatically with rainfall. The exponential growth term of the dynamic pressure ratio completely dominates the overall erosion rate in terms of numerical magnitude. The product of the two accurately characterizes the continuous erosion evolution physical process from the loss of matrix suction to the mechanical stripping of surface water kinetic energy.

[0038] Under conditions of continuous rainfall lasting 2 hours, the monitoring nodes in the slope collected and input the measured volumetric moisture content of the matrix. Measured matrix conductivity Measured strain of the bearing layer and average scouring dynamic pressure The digital performance evaluation module calculates and obtains... , as well as Output after weighted fusion calculation The conductivity was above the preset safety threshold of 0.6000, and the system determined that it was in a safe and controlled state. As rainfall continued for 5 hours and the intensity increased, surface erosion and ion leaching intensified, and the measured matrix conductivity at the same node decreased to [value missing]. The cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item rose to The real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index dropped to When the measured substrate conductivity is below the preset safety threshold of 0.6000, the effective electrical conductivity working window is set in the numerical mapping logic of the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item to meet the nutrient requirements of vegetation growth. When the measured substrate conductivity is within the standard nutrient range of 0.60 mS / cm to 1.80 mS / cm, the conductivity ratio term linearly reflects the sufficiency of ionic nutrients. When on-site fertilization brings the measured conductivity to 1.44 mS / cm, the calculated value of the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item is at a healthy and eutrophic level suitable for growth. When the measured substrate conductivity exceeds the salinization safety threshold of 2.50 mS / cm, the system's built-in bidirectional Gaussian decay penalty function automatically applies reverse decay reduction to this ratio term, simulating the physiological drought effect of high salinity inhibiting root water absorption. The final output of this sub-item is limited to the engineering effective evaluation range of 0.00 to 1.20 to ensure the accuracy and self-consistency of the biological mechanism assessment.

[0039] In this embodiment, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module pre-sets the monitoring node in the slope as a preset fault node and records its gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates. After the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index falls below the preset safety critical threshold, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module automatically analyzes the dominant sub-item causing the index decline and identifies the cause. Increase and The system automatically locates the preset fault node and its gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates based on the dual damage caused by attenuation, and issues an electronic maintenance work order containing instructions to spray sealant and supplement nutrients. After the on-site maintenance is completed, an adaptive tracking verification program is initiated to continuously receive the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor regenerated by the edge data preprocessing module. The measured parameters of the node are restored and the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index obtained by recalculation rises to 0.8250, exceeding the preset cancellation threshold of 0.8000. The system automatically terminates the warning and packages the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor before and after treatment, the restored real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, and the processing completion timestamp into a hash storage chain, which is then written into the blockchain distributed ledger to construct an immutable digital detection closed loop.

[0040] Example 2: On an indoor full-size slope test platform equipped with an artificial rainfall simulation system and a multi-level water catchment monitoring trough, a prefabricated vegetation roll slope protection digital detection system was deployed. The slope physical model had a slope angle of 45°, a slope height of 12m, and a slope length of 17m. The slope body was filled with dense weathered sandstone and planting soil matrix to reproduce the excavation slope conditions. Inside the 1cm thick interlocking fiber nutrient layer, micro-matrix moisture content probes and matrix conductivity probes were sandwiched at a grid spacing of 2.0m longitudinally and 1.0m transversely. A cotton and linen mesh bearing layer with a tensile strength of 9.65kN / m was interwoven with flexible support at the joints. Piezoelectric slope runoff pressure sensors are installed at fixed points in the catchment channels at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope. To simulate the electromagnetic environment and water flow pulsation interference in the field, Gaussian white noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB and 50Hz power frequency electromagnetic harmonics are superimposed at the original sensor signal output. The edge data preprocessing module collects multi-source physical state time-series signals at a sampling frequency of 100Hz. Random high-frequency jitter is filtered out by mean filtering through a time-domain sliding window. Spatial gradient topology weight correction is performed based on the slope gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates and the water catchment evolution path. After standardization and reconstruction, the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor is calculated and output. .

[0041] The experiment simultaneously set up the sample group of the present invention and three control sample groups. The sample group of the present invention adopted the complete detection scheme; control sample group 1 removed the spatial gradient topological weight correction and replaced it with the whole slope uniform averaging algorithm; control sample group 2 removed the multivariate coupling processing in the nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator and only implemented linear threshold judgment based on a single moisture content; control sample group 3 used parameters that exceeded the benchmark working range, one of which changed the ultimate failure strain from 0.18 to 0.05, and the other changed the fiber erosion attenuation coefficient from the benchmark value to 0.10h. - ¹, the core evaluation parameters were calibrated using indoor geotechnical centrifuge scouring tests and vegetation roll material mechanical tensile tests on weathered sandstone slopes; the three weighting coefficients were 0.40, 0.35, and 0.25, respectively, obtained by calculating the sensitivity of slope instability induction factors using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), corresponding to the relative contributions of the vegetation root development nutrient environment, the mechanical tensile strength of the roll material bearing skeleton, and the hydrodynamic force of surface runoff to the overall shallow stability; the moisture content response transition coefficient was 0.03, determined by the slope inflection point of the weathered sandstone matrix soil-water characteristic curve in the range from wilting moisture content to field capacity; below 0.01, the moisture response step was too steep, and above 0.06, the effective moisture response was smoothed; the dynamic pressure index was taken as 1.5, corresponding to the nonlinear energy conversion relationship between turbulent shear stress and dynamic pressure in shallow open channel dynamics; the baseline value for the fiber erosion attenuation coefficient was 0.02h. - ¹, calibrated by the measured average proportion of fiber shedding dry weight per hour to initial dry weight in a rainfall simulation scour test.

[0042] The rainfall process was divided into three continuous stages. The first stage was a light rain condition with a rainfall intensity of 15 mm / h, a measured dynamic pressure of 0.85 kPa, and a duration of 1.0 h. The second stage was a moderate to heavy rain condition with a rainfall intensity of 45 mm / h, a measured dynamic pressure of 2.00 kPa to 2.60 kPa, and a duration of 2.5 h. The third stage was a heavy rainfall scouring condition with a rainfall intensity of 90 mm / h, a measured dynamic pressure of 3.20 kPa, and a duration of 1.5 h. After the rainfall ended, the sample groups that triggered the alarm were treated with on-site spraying of sealant and drip irrigation fertilization, and were continuously tracked for 8.0 h. The preset safety critical threshold was 0.6000.

[0043] In the sample group of this invention, the measured matrix volume water content was measured after 1.0 h of monitoring in the first stage. The measured matrix conductivity is 0.20. The measured strain of the bearing layer is 1.10 mS / cm. The measured dynamic pressure is 0.018. The value is 0.85 kPa; the digital performance evaluation module obtains the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-items according to the established calculation relationship. The sub-item is 0.7710, representing the tensile and stiffening mechanics of structures. The cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item is 0.9900. The value is 0.0087, and the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is obtained by weighting three factors. The value was 0.6527, higher than the preset safety threshold. The system determined the system to be under safe control, and monitoring continued for 2.0 hours. 0.28 0.96 mS / cm It is 0.036. The corresponding solution is 2.00 kPa. It is 0.7896. 0.9600 It is 0.0578. The value is 0.6373, which is still higher than the preset safety threshold.

[0044] When monitored for 3.5 hours, the sample group of this invention... 0.32 It is 0.72 mS / cm. It is 0.054. The pressure is 2.60 kPa; after processing with a nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator, 0.5980 0.9100 It is 0.0964, and further obtained The value was 0.5336. At this point, the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index was lower than the preset safety threshold. The compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module located the monitoring node in the slope and issued an electronic maintenance work order. The system entered an early warning state before the slope surface was damaged, which lasted until 5.0 hours later. 0.36 0.48 mS / cm It is 0.036. The calculated value is 3.20 kPa. It is 0.3948. 0.9600 It is 0.2200. The value further decreased to 0.4389; as scouring and leaching continued to intensify, the system continuously issued alarms. After on-site application of sealant and drip irrigation fertilization, monitoring continued for 8.0 hours. Restored to 0.32 Increased to 1.44 mS / cm It fell back to 0.018. The value is 0.00 kPa, corresponding to For 1.1950, 0.9900 The result was 0.0000, which was obtained after recalculation. The value was 0.8245, indicating that the system determined the system had recovered well after maintenance and completed the distributed ledger record cancellation.

[0045] Control group 1 used a uniform averaging algorithm across the entire slope to process the same rainfall event. At 3.5 hours, its input was: =0.32、 =0.72mS / cm =0.054、 =2.60 kPa, The solution is 0.5980. It is 0.9100, while Only 0.0482, calculated as follows The value was 0.6457; the local high dynamic pressure was diluted after being evenly distributed across the entire slope, and no warning was triggered at that moment, leading to a false safety assessment. At 5.0 hours, the input was... =0.36、 =0.48mS / cm =0.036、 =3.20 kPa, It is 0.3948. 0.9600 The result is 0.1100. The value is 0.5050. At this point, a partial hollowing-out has already occurred at the foot of the slope, and the system then triggers an alarm.

[0046] For control sample group 2, the measured matrix volumetric moisture content was 0.32, the measured matrix electrical conductivity was 0.72 mS / cm, the measured bearing layer strain was 0.054, and the measured dynamic pressure was 2.60 kPa at 3.5 h. Since this sample group only performed linear threshold judgment on a single moisture content, the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile strength and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation were not calculated. The output real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index was 0.8500, and its moisture content was within the judgment range of 0.15 to 0.35. Therefore, the system still judged the slope to be normal and did not issue an early warning for the simultaneous nutrient leaching and hydraulic erosion.

[0047] Control group 3 was used to observe the output changes after the parameters deviated from the reference working range. After changing the ultimate failure strain to 0.05, under a 1.0h light rain condition, the input was... =0.20、 =1.10 mS / cm =0.018、 =0.85kPa, It is 0.7710. It dropped to 0.8704. The value is 0.0087, and the result is... The value was 0.5820. When the sample group of this invention was under safe and controlled conditions, this parameter setting triggered a false alarm. Therefore, the fiber erosion attenuation coefficient was changed to 0.10h. - ¹After that, under the 2.0h operating condition, the input is: =0.28、 =0.96mS / cm =0.036、 =2.00 kPa, It is 0.7896. 0.9600 Increased to 0.2890, calculated as follows The value is 0.4905. This parameter setting makes the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item higher than the baseline parameter result under the same working conditions, and the test corresponds to the damage false high state.

[0048] Throughout the experiment, the in-situ sensing and acquisition module continuously collected measured matrix volumetric water content, measured matrix electrical conductivity, measured bearing layer strain, and measured dynamic pressure. The edge data preprocessing module combined the slope spatial location, water catchment relationship, and slope gradient to implement spatial gradient topological weight correction. The digital performance evaluation module used the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor to calculate three sub-items and a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index. Under conditions of noise and heavy rainfall disturbance, the sample group of this invention formed a continuous comprehensive quantitative evaluation based on local physical state changes. It entered an early warning during the process of enhanced scour and nutrient decline in the slope and completed the cancellation based on the re-collected data after maintenance. The control sample groups showed results such as early warning lag after spatial homogenization, failure to issue early warning under univariate judgment, and false alarms or excessive damage output after parameters deviated from the benchmark. The collection, correction, evaluation, work order issuance, and evidence storage and cancellation formed continuous non-destructive monitoring data, which can be used for slope protection engineering maintenance scheduling and digital quality supervision.

[0049] Example 3: The current in-situ sensing and acquisition module is deployed in the prefabricated vegetation roll slope protection digital detection system for weathered sandstone excavation slopes of highways. During the initial deployment phase, the physical parameter benchmarks for each sensor probe are established. Specifically, the operating excitation frequency of the matrix moisture content probe and the matrix conductivity probe is calibrated to 100MHz, and the electrode spacing is set to 15mm to eliminate interference from soil dielectric relaxation and electrode double-layer capacitance. Flexible strain sensors attached to the interwoven nodes of the mesh bearing layer use metal foil strain gauges with a sensitivity coefficient of 2.05 and a resistance of 350Ω, combined with a full-bridge temperature compensation circuit to eliminate zero-point drift caused by ambient temperature fluctuations. The slope runoff dynamic pressure sensor uses a miniature piezoelectric structure and is deployed in the slope runoff collection area, with a measurement range of 0kPa to 10kPa and a static resolution better than 0.01kPa. Each sensor node aggregates data to the edge data preprocessing module via a low-power self-organizing wireless network with a communication cycle of 10s. After receiving the data frames from each node, the microprocessor inside the edge data preprocessing module extracts the original state vector of each node based on the timestamp. ,in, These represent the horizontal and vertical spatial coordinates of each sensor node in the gridded three-dimensional space of the slope. This is the sampling time sequence number. Located in spatial coordinates The sensor node at the first The measured volumetric water content of the matrix collected at each sampling time. Located in spatial coordinates The sensor node at the first The measured matrix conductivity collected at each sampling time point Located in spatial coordinates The sensor node at the first The measured strain of the bearing layer was collected at each sampling time. Located in spatial coordinates The sensor node at the first The measured dynamic pressure was collected at each sampling time; and a linear interpolation algorithm was used to align the data of each node to a unified clock reference, eliminating the timing asynchrony deviation caused by network transmission delay.

[0050] The edge data preprocessing module performs spatial gradient topology weight correction on the time-aligned data. During the correction process, based on the gridded 3D spatial coordinates of each sensor node on the slope and the local slope gradient, it calculates the cumulative water catchment evolution path along the slope elevation decrease direction, dividing the slope into three topological domains: the scour initiation zone at the top, the confluence acceleration zone in the middle, and the dynamic pressure collection zone at the toe. Differential slope gradient compensation weights are applied to the dynamic pressure and water content terms within different topological domains. For nodes in the toe confluence zone, dynamic convergence weights are calculated based on the local catchment area to correct the dynamic pressure measurements and eliminate transient pressure jumps caused by local eddies. During weight calculation and tensor reconstruction, the microprocessor inside the edge data preprocessing module establishes a node adjacency matrix along the elevation decrease direction from the top to the toe based on the pre-mapped 3D elevation grid data of the slope. The hydrodynamic catchment is determined by the product of the local slope angle tangent of each grid node and the projected area of ​​the cumulative water catchment above. The slope gradient compensation weights are 1.00, 1.15 to 1.25, and 1.30 to 1.45 for the slope crest scour initiation zone, mid-slope confluence acceleration zone, and slope toe dynamic pressure accumulation zone, respectively. These three weights correspond to the basic slope, acceleration transition, and energy accumulation state, respectively. The measured dynamic pressure and measured water content of each node are multiplied by the slope gradient compensation weight of the corresponding region to complete the spatial gradient topological weight correction. The corrected four-dimensional physical state vectors of each node are arranged in a two-dimensional topological array according to the number of longitudinal grid rows and transverse grid columns on the slope surface, and are stacked and expanded along the time dimension within a time sliding window to form a fourth-order spatiotemporal data tensor containing the longitudinal coordinates, transverse coordinates, state feature dimension, and temporal sampling dimension of the slope surface. This tensor is loaded into the cache in the form of a standardized matrix. After spatial gradient topological weight correction and sliding window filtering, the multi-source physical state time-series signals are reconstructed in memory according to the slope topological geometry matrix and then standardized to generate the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor. The data is then transmitted to the digital performance evaluation module. To prevent the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item from accumulating monotonically without bounds during long-term continuous integration, the digital performance evaluation module implements dynamic sliding time window truncation and natural recovery reset logic for its integration operation. The integration time window length is set to the single rainfall runoff monitoring cycle. When there is no rainfall or the slope dynamic pressure returns to zero and remains so for more than 2 hours, the historical cumulative integration value is subjected to exponential forgetting smoothing based on the time decay coefficient. After the rainfall event ends and on-site maintenance or natural soil stabilization restoration by vegetation is performed, the initial integration value is reset. At the same time, the nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator sets a physical saturation amplitude clamping boundary of 0.00 to 1.00 for the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item of the single integration output, so that the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is kept within the normalized safety evaluation range of 0.00 to 1.00.

[0051] During the initial deployment phase, the compliance monitoring and decision-making interaction module establishes a correspondence between each grid monitoring node and its corresponding slope gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates, and registers them as preset fault nodes. The digital performance evaluation module receives the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor. Then, calculate the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability. Sub-item: Structural Tensile and Reinforcement Mechanics and cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item Synthetic real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index When a certain preset fault node When the value falls below the preset safety threshold of 0.6000, the digital performance evaluation module activates the component partial derivative analysis logic to calculate the sensitivity contribution value of the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index to each sub-item. When the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item... When the negative contribution rate exceeds 50% and the dynamic pressure integral value rises abnormally, the system determines that the dominant disease is fiber layer erosion caused by hydraulic scouring, and outputs an electronic maintenance work order containing the spatial coordinates of the preset fault node and an instruction to spray fiber sealant to the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module; when the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item The attenuation contribution rate is dominant and the measured matrix conductivity is high. When the concentration is below 0.60 mS / cm, the system determines that the dominant diseases are nutrient leaching and substrate drought, and automatically generates an electronic maintenance work order containing instructions to start local drip irrigation and replenish slow-release fertilizer bags, thus decoupling and locating the fault mechanism. The preset safety critical threshold of 0.6000 and the preset cancellation threshold of 0.8000 are determined according to the vegetation coverage and soil and water conservation stability grading standards in the Technical Specifications for Slope Protection of Highway Engineering. When the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is below 0.6000, the corresponding erosion resistance safety factor of the shallow soil of the slope decreases to below 1.15, and... If the vegetation germination substrate shows significant risk of erosion or nutrient depletion, the system will trigger active maintenance intervention. When the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index rises above 0.8000 after maintenance, it corresponds to the design standard requirement that the slope shear strength and soil and water conservation safety factor recovers to above 1.35. The sensitivity analysis of component partial derivatives uses the absolute value of the partial derivative of each sub-item divided by the sum of the absolute values ​​of the three partial derivatives to calculate the relative contribution rate. When the negative relative contribution rate of a certain sub-item exceeds 50%, the sub-item is identified as the dominant sub-item that causes the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index to fall below the preset safety critical threshold.

[0052] The system incorporates a dynamic baseline calibration and self-healing compensation mechanism for sensors during long-term monitoring. This mechanism addresses slow signal drift caused by biofilm adhesion on electrode surfaces, changes in soil compaction, and component aging. The edge data preprocessing module extracts continuous sampling sequences and calculates the first-order variance and mean of the sensor outputs during dry nighttime periods with no rainfall and stable slope moisture content. When the zero-point baseline offset of the matrix conductivity probe exceeds 5% of the initial calibration value, the zero-point compensation constant is updated based on the exponential decay curve of the long-term monitoring sequence to correct measurement errors caused by electrode polarization impedance. After on-site maintenance is completed and a confirmation signal is entered, the compliance monitoring and decision-making interaction module retrieves the real-time data stream from the preset fault node and surrounding neighboring nodes. When the number steadily rises and exceeds the preset cancellation threshold of 0.8000, the early warning response is automatically terminated. The dataset, including the time of the fault occurrence, the topological spatiotemporal state tensor of the slope before maintenance, maintenance measures, the topological spatiotemporal state tensor of the slope after restoration, and the timestamp, is then subjected to encrypted hash calculation to generate a digital compliance certificate, which is synchronized to the blockchain distributed ledger. During the generation and on-chain synchronization of the digital compliance certificate, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module establishes encrypted communication with the consortium blockchain nodes deployed at the highway management center and maintenance supervision units via a standard network protocol, extracting the electronic maintenance work order number and the slope gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates. The following data are assembled into a structured evidence storage data package: a slice of the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor at the time of exceeding the limit, records of maintenance construction materials and work hours, the restored slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor at the time of cancellation, and a standard timestamp generated by an authoritative time service server. Then, a 256-bit secure hash algorithm is used to perform a one-way hash operation on the data package to generate a unique evidence storage hash value. This hash value and signature information are packaged and encapsulated into an evidence storage transaction, triggering a pre-set smart contract to execute broadcast consensus and write it into the block body of the blockchain distributed ledger. A third-party supervisory node performs tamper-proof closed-loop verification by comparing the hash value of the original data package with the hash record on the chain.

[0053] Example 4: This example combines Figures 1 to 2 This paper describes the digital testing system and method for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, such as... Figure 1As shown, in step S1, the in-situ sensing and acquisition module acquires in real time the multi-source physical state time-series signals of the matrix moisture content probe, matrix conductivity probe, flexible strain sensor, and slope runoff pressure sensor pre-embedded inside the prefabricated vegetation roll under the in-situ monitoring state of the slope; in step S2, the edge data preprocessing module applies spatial gradient topological weight correction and noise cleaning to the multi-source physical state time-series signals based on the slope gridded spatial coordinates, water catchment topology, and slope gradient corresponding to the slope runoff pressure sensor, generating a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights; in step S3, through... Through the digital performance evaluation module, the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor is input into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator. The decoupled calculation yields a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, which is nonlinearly weighted and fused from the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile strength and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation. In step S4, through the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module, when the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety critical threshold, the preset fault node is automatically located and an electronic maintenance work order containing disposal actions is generated. After the on-site maintenance is completed, a digital compliance certificate is generated based on the re-collected state recovery data.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, the digital detection system for highway vegetation roll slope protection performance includes an in-situ sensing and acquisition module, an edge data preprocessing module, a digital performance evaluation module, and a compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module. The in-situ sensing and acquisition module includes a matrix moisture content probe, a matrix conductivity probe, a flexible strain sensor, and a slope runoff pressure sensor. The edge data preprocessing module is communicatively connected to the in-situ sensing and acquisition module and is used to process the acquired signals by combining the slope gridded spatial coordinates, water catchment topology, and slope gradient to generate a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor. The digital performance evaluation module is communicatively connected to the edge data preprocessing module and is used to receive the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor and decouple the calculation of soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-items, structural tensile and reinforcement mechanics sub-items, and cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-items, and weightedly fuse them to generate a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index. The compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module is communicatively connected to the digital performance evaluation module and is used to identify preset fault nodes based on the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, generate electronic maintenance work orders when early warnings are triggered, and generate digital compliance storage certificates after maintenance and synchronize them to the blockchain distributed ledger.

[0055] Example 5: After the prefabricated vegetation roll is laid and anchored on the highway slope, the in-situ sensing and acquisition module establishes the initial field balance and parameter benchmark before the system runs. In view of the difference between the pre-tension generated by the on-site laying and the compaction of the matrix backfill, the edge data preprocessing module collects the initial strain benchmark of the bearing layer under the natural settlement state without rainfall and zeros the initial bias of the flexible strain sensor. At the same time, the matrix moisture content probe and matrix conductivity probe apply 100MHz high-frequency excitation to the original pore solution of the soil to measure the initial background value of the dielectric response on site, correct the capacitance measurement benchmark offset caused by the mineral composition of weathered sandstone, and then the edge data preprocessing module constructs a topological mapping table of water flow direction from the top of the slope, the middle of the slope to the bottom of the slope based on the gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates and elevation topology relationship of each sensor probe on the slope surface, and establishes the initial value of the differential slope gradient compensation weight of each grid node, providing a physical benchmark for the subsequent spatiotemporal adaptive alignment of multi-source physical state time series signals and the construction of the standardized slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights.

[0056] When a local single sensor probe experiences signal interruption or physical damage due to heavy rain or rockfall, the edge data preprocessing module activates topological neighborhood interpolation and fault tolerance compensation mechanisms. It continuously monitors the data stream transmission status of each node. When a node corresponding to the slope's gridded 3D spatial coordinates experiences data frame loss or its value exceeds the physical range for three consecutive sampling cycles, the node is identified as an offline fault node. The module then retrieves the temporal state vectors of its four closest valid neighboring nodes. Subsequently, based on the spatial geometric distance between each neighboring node and the offline fault node, and the difference in catchment elevation, the inverse distance spatial weight is calculated. This reconstructs the virtual state vector at the offline fault node, filling in the corresponding position in the slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights. This ensures the tensor matrix dimension remains continuous with the temporal data, preventing single discrete sensor failures from causing malfunctions in the digital performance evaluation module or erroneous electronic maintenance work orders. During topological neighborhood interpolation and fault tolerance compensation, the edge data preprocessing module uses... Centered on the two-dimensional grid coordinates of the offline fault node, the four nearest neighbor nodes in the online normal state are retrieved in four orthogonal grid directions (up, down, left, right) in the same row and column. The Euclidean straight-line distance between each normal node and the offline fault node in the three-dimensional space of the slope is calculated, and the reciprocal of the spatial distance is taken as the initial inverse distance base value. Then, the elevation difference between each normal node and the offline fault node is extracted. When the normal node is located in the catchment area above the offline fault node, a hydraulic correlation gain factor of 1.20 is used, and when the normal node is located below it, a correlation reduction factor of 0.80 is used. The corrected inverse distance base value is divided by the sum of the correction values ​​of the four nodes for normalization, and the final interpolation weight of each neighbor node is obtained. Finally, the water content, conductivity, strain and dynamic pressure components of the four neighbor nodes are weighted linearly summed according to their corresponding final interpolation weights to reconstruct and generate a virtual state vector, which is then filled into the corresponding positions of the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor matrix containing spatial weights.

[0057] Example 6: When the prefabricated vegetation roll slope protection digital detection system experiences seasonal freeze-thaw cycles and extreme wet-dry boundary conditions, the in-situ sensing and acquisition module acquires the temperature field distribution sequence of the interlocked fiber nutrient layer and the shallow soil of the slope in real time through the built-in high and low temperature temperature sensor array. To address the capacitance drift and nonlinear distortion of ionic conductivity of the matrix moisture content probe caused by temperature fluctuations, the edge data preprocessing module imports the real-time temperature variables into a preset thermosensitive compensation response curve, and performs point-by-point phase correction on the dielectric loss tangent of the matrix moisture content probe under 100MHz high-frequency excitation, eliminating temperature variations. The system eliminates false moisture content fluctuations caused by chemical changes. Simultaneously, based on the ion activity viscosity coefficient of soil pore water at different temperatures, the measured matrix conductivity is standardized and converted to a 25℃ reference temperature benchmark. This eliminates misjudgments of soil water retention and nutrient availability caused by drastic changes in environmental temperature. When the reticulated bearing layer is subjected to the overlapping effects of frost heave stress and shrinkage crack stress, the flexible strain sensor uses a Wheatstone full-bridge double-arm differential bridge circuit to offset the thermal expansion deformation of the strain gauge substrate, outputting a pure mechanical strain signal caused by slope shear displacement. This ensures that the multi-source physical state time-series signal remains stable under extreme environmental and climatic disturbances.

[0058] When a slope experiences heavy rainfall exceeding 50 mm / h and the runoff scour dynamic pressure surpasses 4.00 kPa, the edge data preprocessing module initiates a spatiotemporal tensor adaptive reconstruction and integration limit dynamic scaling mechanism based on the dynamic response slope of the slope runoff dynamic pressure sensor. The microprocessor extracts the first-order difference value of the dynamic pressure change rate over five consecutive sampling periods. When the difference value exceeds the preset dynamic pressure abrupt change threshold of 0.50 kPa / s, the time-domain sliding window length is shortened from the conventional 10 s to 2 s. The slope's gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates and the runoff evolution path are then invoked, and the slope gradient compensation weight of the nodes in the dynamic pressure collection area at the slope toe is dynamically adjusted from the conventional baseline value of 1.00. The value was increased to 1.45 to compensate for the loss of dynamic pressure spatial diffusion caused by severe turbulence. During the dynamic reconstruction process, the edge data preprocessing module simultaneously activated the adaptive median bilateral filtering algorithm to remove isolated high-frequency hydraulic pulse spikes exceeding three standard deviations within a 2-second time window, retaining the mean value of the fundamental wave of hydraulic dynamic pressure formed by the actual runoff. After the slope gradient compensation weight of the nodes in the dynamic pressure collection area at the toe of the slope was increased to 1.45, the spatial weight correction was performed on the concentrated dynamic water impact formed by the rainstorm runoff at the toe of the slope. High-frequency hydraulic pulse spikes were removed by filtering, while the dynamic pressure changes formed by the runoff collection were retained in the corrected multi-source physical state time series signal.

[0059] The digital performance evaluation module receives the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights. In calculating the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item At that time, the measured dynamic pressure With saturated moisture content Substituting into the time-series integral formula, we obtain the cumulative scour damage attenuation term. Sub-item: Structural Tensile and Reinforcement Mechanics and the sub-item of soil water retention and nutrient availability Then use weighting coefficients , and Weighted calculations were performed to obtain the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index. Once the value falls below the preset safety threshold of 0.6000, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module generates an electronic maintenance work order containing the spatial coordinates of high-risk nodes at the toe of the slope, instructions for laying reinforcing anchors, and spraying curing slurry.

[0060] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, characterized in that the system... include: The in-situ sensing and acquisition module includes a matrix moisture content probe, a matrix conductivity probe, a flexible strain sensor, and a slope runoff pressure sensor pre-embedded inside the prefabricated vegetation roll, which are used to acquire multi-source physical state time-series signals of the prefabricated vegetation roll under in-situ monitoring of the slope in real time. The edge data preprocessing module is connected to the in-situ sensing and acquisition module. It is used to apply spatial gradient topological weight correction and noise cleaning to the multi-source physical state time series signal based on the slope gridded spatial coordinate position, water catchment topology and slope gradient corresponding to the slope runoff pressure sensor, and to generate a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weight. The digital performance evaluation module communicates with the edge data preprocessing module and is used to input the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator. The decoupled calculation yields a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, which is nonlinearly weighted and fused from the sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation. The compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module communicates with the digital performance evaluation module. When the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety critical threshold, it automatically locates the preset fault node and generates an electronic maintenance work order containing disposal actions. After the on-site maintenance is completed, it generates a digital compliance certificate based on the re-collected status recovery data.

2. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digital performance evaluation module calculates the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index by weighting and combining sub-items of soil water retention and nutrient availability, structural tensile strength and reinforcement mechanics, and cumulative scour damage attenuation. The calculation formula is as follows: ,in, To provide a real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index, For the sub-item of soil water retention and nutrient availability, For the sub-item of structural tensile and stiffening mechanics, To accumulate the scour damage attenuation sub-item, , as well as The preset weighting coefficients, and .

3. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, When calculating the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-items in the digital performance evaluation module, the difference between the measured volumetric water content collected by the matrix moisture content probe and the preset germination critical moisture content threshold is calculated. The difference is then substituted into a negative exponential function for mapping, and 1 is added before taking the reciprocal. This reciprocal is then multiplied by the ratio of the measured conductivity collected by the matrix conductivity probe to the preset standard reference conductivity to obtain the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-items.

4. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the digital performance evaluation module calculates the tensile and stiffening mechanical sub-items of the structure, it calculates the ratio of the measured strain of the bearing layer collected by the flexible strain sensor to the preset ultimate failure strain, and subtracts the square of the ratio from the value 1 to obtain the tensile and stiffening mechanical sub-items of the structure. When calculating the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item in the digital performance evaluation module, the ratio of the measured dynamic pressure collected by the slope runoff dynamic pressure sensor to the preset benchmark dynamic pressure is calculated to the power of 1.5, multiplied by the value of 1, and the difference between the real-time moisture content and the preset saturated moisture content is subtracted. Then, the value is multiplied by the preset fiber erosion attenuation coefficient, and time-series integration is performed within the monitoring time window to obtain the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item.

5. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, When generating the topological spatiotemporal state tensor of the slope, the edge data preprocessing module calculates the runoff evolution paths at the top, middle, and bottom of the slope based on the gridded three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the matrix moisture content probe, matrix conductivity probe, flexible strain sensor, and slope runoff pressure sensor on the slope surface. It also compensates for the multi-source physical state time series signals in different catchment areas with differentiated slope gradient weights to eliminate data distortion caused by non-uniform slope degradation.

6. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety threshold, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module analyzes the dominant sub-items that cause the index to drop to attribute the fault. When the dominant sub-item is the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item, it generates an electronic maintenance work order containing the three-dimensional coordinates of the fault node and the instruction to spray the sealant. When the dominant sub-item is the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, it generates an electronic maintenance work order containing the three-dimensional coordinates of the fault node and the instruction to start automatic drip irrigation.

7. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module includes a blockchain evidence storage module. This module is used to extract the three-dimensional coordinates and real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index of the preset fault node when generating an electronic maintenance work order. After maintenance is completed, it extracts the state tensor before and after the fault is closed, the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index after recovery, and the maintenance completion timestamp, packages them to generate a hash evidence storage chain, and writes it into the blockchain distributed ledger.

8. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the in-situ sensing and acquisition module, the matrix moisture content probe and the matrix conductivity probe are sandwiched inside the interlocking fiber nutrient layer of the prefabricated vegetation roll. The flexible strain sensor is attached to the interlacing node of the mesh bearing layer of the prefabricated vegetation roll. The slope runoff pressure sensor is deployed in the slope runoff collection area. The matrix moisture content probe, the matrix conductivity probe, the flexible strain sensor, and the slope runoff pressure sensor are connected to the edge data preprocessing module through flexible mesh wires.

9. The digital testing system for the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, After issuing an electronic maintenance work order, the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module starts an adaptive tracking and verification program, continuously receiving the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor regenerated by the edge data preprocessing module. When the recalculated real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index recovers to above the preset cancellation threshold, the warning is automatically terminated and a digital compliance certificate is generated.

10. A method for digitally detecting the performance of highway vegetation roll slope protection, used to operate the digital detection system for highway vegetation roll slope protection as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Through the in-situ sensing and acquisition module, the multi-source physical state time-series signals of the matrix moisture content probe, matrix conductivity probe, flexible strain sensor and slope runoff pressure sensor pre-embedded inside the prefabricated vegetation roll material are acquired in real time under the in-situ monitoring state of the slope. Step S2: Through the edge data preprocessing module, based on the slope gridded spatial coordinates, water catchment topology, and slope gradient corresponding to the slope runoff pressure sensor, spatial gradient topological weight correction and noise cleaning are applied to the multi-source physical state time series signal to generate a slope topological spatiotemporal state tensor containing spatial weights. Step S3: Through the digital performance evaluation module, the slope topology spatiotemporal state tensor is input into the built-in nonlinear slope protection performance evaluation operator, and the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is obtained by nonlinear weighted fusion of the soil water retention and nutrient availability sub-item, the structural tensile and reinforcement mechanics sub-item, and the cumulative scour damage attenuation sub-item. Step S4: Through the compliance supervision and decision-making interaction module, when the real-time comprehensive slope protection performance index is lower than the preset safety critical threshold, the preset fault node is automatically located and an electronic maintenance work order containing disposal actions is generated. After the on-site maintenance is completed, a digital compliance certificate is generated based on the re-collected status recovery data.

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