A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on blockchain's abandoned electric appliance electronic product carbon emission traceability system, it is related to carbon emission management technical field.The system includes: the construction is by recycling, logistics, disassembly, warehousing, regenerative manufacturing enterprise and regulatory certification agency Composition alliance chain network, for each batch resource is given unique identification and establishes parent-child batch mapping relationship.Uniform multi-source heterogeneous data format, in combination with node access and data upload module realizes trusted data chain.Combining on-chain summary and off-chain encryption storage gives consideration to data credibility and commercial privacy.Carbon emissions and emission reduction of each link are calculated, and verifiable authentication record is generated.Building life cycle event chain, query and responsibility transparency module provides traceability and responsibility evaluation.Realize that regenerative resource is from recycling to reuse Whole-process traceable, carbon data quantifiable, responsibility boundary definable, provide technical support for green supply chain management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission management technology, and in particular to a blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products. Background Technology

[0002] Existing enterprises in the industry face problems such as a lack of carbon traceability methods, low data authority, and broken traceability chains. This not only hinders the internal definition and transparent management of carbon emission responsibilities within the industry but also directly affects Chinese recycled product enterprises' ability to align with international carbon regulations and participate in global market competition. To implement the extended producer responsibility system and achieve the "dual carbon" goals, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) enterprises urgently need to achieve "traceable, verifiable, and reconcilable" carbon emission information management throughout the entire chain of recycling, transportation, dismantling, storage, and recycling. However, existing platforms mostly use centralized databases to store activity data and vouchers reported by enterprises, imported by third parties, or manually summarized, and then disclose them to audit / regulatory bodies via interfaces. This traditional organizational method has the following problems: 1. Data is easily tampered with and difficult to prove; 2. Data verification costs are too high; 3. There are conflicts between privacy and regulatory requirements; 4. There are many breaks in the traceability chain. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products includes: The blockchain platform building module constructs a consortium blockchain network jointly participated in by recycling companies, logistics companies, dismantling companies, warehousing companies, remanufacturing companies, regulatory agencies, and certification bodies. The digital identity generation module generates a unique digital identity for each batch of recycled resources and manages the parent-child mapping relationship of the batch. The data standardization module unifies the fields, units, encodings, and formats of multi-source heterogeneous data; The node access and data upload module performs identity authentication, business data upload, signing, and on-chain processing for each participating node. The privacy protection module performs on-chain evidence storage and off-chain encrypted storage to protect the data; The carbon accounting and certification module calculates carbon emissions and emission reductions based on data from each business process and emission factor versions in the emission factor library that match the accounting year, energy type, regional scope, and business process, and outputs certification results with emission factor version identifiers. The chained storage and tracing module generates a full lifecycle event chain for single-batch objects; The query and accountability transparency module provides traceability queries, verification, and accountability assessment results.

[0005] Furthermore, the blockchain platform construction module includes: Construct a consortium blockchain network jointly participated in by recycling nodes, logistics nodes, dismantling nodes, warehousing nodes, recycled product manufacturing enterprise nodes, regulatory nodes, and certification nodes; Each node completes access authentication using a digital certificate issued by the CA; node The authentication relationship is as follows: In the formula, For nodes Identity authentication result identifier; This is a digital signature verification function based on an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The public key for the consortium blockchain certificate authority; For nodes The digital certificate held; Set the total number of network nodes to The tolerable number of malicious nodes is The constraint expression is: If the number of confirmed nodes for a certain block If so, the current block is confirmed to be added to the chain.

[0006] Furthermore, the digital identity generation module includes: A unique digital identity is generated for each batch of recyclable resources entering the platform's management scope. The expression is: In the formula, A unique digital identity; To generate a unique identifier code for the company to which the batch belongs; Category code for batch of materials; This refers to the original batch number within the company. A timestamp generated for a digital identity; The salt value is random. For hash functions; Write a unique digital identity into a QR code label, RFID tag, or electronic batch label to establish a mapping relationship between physical batches and digital identities; If a batch is split into multiple sub-batches, the expression for generating the digital identity of each sub-batch is: In the formula, For the digital identity of the i-th sub-batch; This refers to the i-th disassembly operation type; Timestamps generated for sub-batch; This is the random salt value used when the sub-batch is generated; A parent batch corresponds to multiple child batches, forming a tree-like mapping structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the node access and data upload module includes: Generate a hash digest of the node's data, including: In the formula, For hash digest; For nodes At any moment Raw business data that has been collected and standardized; Based on the hash digest, a signature is generated using the node's private key, expressed as: In the formula, For nodes At any moment The generated digital signature; For node-based private keys Digital signature algorithm; A unique digital identity; Identify the data type; For timestamps; For off-chain storage addresses; Based on the signature, generate an on-chain transaction record, expressed as: In the formula, For nodes At any moment Constructed blockchain transaction objects; And verify the signature based on the signature, the expression is: In the formula, For node public key based The signature verification function.

[0008] Furthermore, the privacy protection module includes: Let the sensitive data be The encrypted ciphertext is expressed as: In the formula, This is the encrypted ciphertext of sensitive data; This is an encryption function based on the authorized user's public key; This is the original text containing sensitive data. In a blockchain, hashes are recorded and indexes are stored using the following expression: In the formula, For on-chain evidence storage and citation records; Define an access control function with the following expression: In the formula, This is an access control decision function; For the user requesting access to the data; Functions for extracting user attributes; For data access strategies.

[0009] Furthermore, the carbon accounting and certification module includes: The emission factor library dynamic update and version control submodule is used to store, update, and call emission factors corresponding to different years, regions, energy types, and business processes. Each emission factor record must include at least the emission factor type, applicable area, applicable year, factor value, unit of measurement, data source, activation time, expiration time, and version number; When a regulatory agency, certification body, or authorized maintenance node releases a new emission factor, the system generates a version hash digest for the new emission factor record and writes the version hash digest, version number, activation time, expiration time, source file index, and maintenance node digital signature into the consortium blockchain. When calculating carbon emissions, the smart contract automatically matches the version of the emission factor that is in effect based on the occurrence time, energy type, business process and applicable area corresponding to the business data, and writes the emission factor version number, version hash digest and calculation result into the carbon emission reduction digital certificate. Carbon emissions from the recycling process are calculated based on activity level and emission factor, as expressed by: In the formula, Carbon emissions during the recycling process; The energy consumption during the recycling process; This refers to the fuel consumption during the recycling process; Emissions factor for electricity consumption; It is a fuel emission factor.

[0010] Furthermore, the carbon accounting and certification module includes: The expression for calculating logistics carbon emissions using the ton-kilometer method is as follows: In the formula, Carbon emissions generated during the logistics and transportation process; For transport weight; The emission factor per ton-kilometer corresponds to the mode of transportation.

[0011] Furthermore, the carbon accounting and certification module includes: Carbon emissions during the dismantling process are expressed as follows: In the formula, Carbon emissions during the dismantling process; Electricity consumption during the disassembly process; For heat energy consumption; Thermal emission factor; This is the electricity emission factor.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon accounting and certification module includes: The carbon emissions from warehousing, combined with data from temperature and humidity control equipment during the warehousing process, can be expressed as: In the formula, Carbon emissions generated during warehousing and storage; Power of storage equipment; Runtime; This is the electricity emission factor.

[0013] Furthermore, the query and accountability transparency module includes: When a traceability request for a specific batch is received, the event sequence for that batch is retrieved, expressed as: In the formula, For batch A collection of events throughout the entire lifecycle; For batch In the The specific event records generated by each node; The total number of records in the event sequence; Each record is signed and verified, and the batch's reliability index is calculated using the following expression: In the formula, For batch Data credibility metrics; For indicator functions; For the first The record generates the public key of the node; For the first Digital signature of each record; The traceability completeness rate is expressed as: In the formula, To ensure completeness of traceability; The number of effective data collection stages; This represents the total number of data collection stages.

[0014] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention discloses a blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products. The system utilizes a consortium blockchain and consensus algorithms to achieve trusted on-chain data storage and tamper-proof evidence preservation under multi-party participation. Through batch digital identities and parent-child batch mapping relationships, it enables continuous tracking of renewable resources throughout their entire lifecycle. By combining on-chain digests with off-chain encrypted storage, it balances trustworthiness and privacy protection. By establishing a unified carbon accounting model for recycling, logistics, dismantling, and warehousing, it achieves automatic calculation of carbon emissions and emission reductions. Through authentication records and transparency evaluation, it ensures verifiable carbon reduction results, definable responsibility boundaries, and quantifiable environmental protection behaviors. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The purpose of this invention is to provide a blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, this invention provides a blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products, comprising: The blockchain platform building module defines the static and dynamic relationships within the consortium blockchain network, constructing a consortium blockchain network jointly participated in by recycling companies, logistics companies, dismantling companies, warehousing companies, remanufacturing companies, regulatory agencies, and certification bodies, including: Define the static relationships within a consortium blockchain network, including: A consortium blockchain network consists of a set of nodes V and the communication connections E between the nodes, expressed as: In the formula, For the set of participating nodes; Indicates the communication link between nodes; Each node With a digital certificate One-to-one correspondence, and holding a set of public and private keys. ,in For public keys; This is the private key.

[0021] Each resource batch With a unique digital identity One-to-one correspondence; when a batch is split into multiple sub-batches, a one-to-many static mapping relationship is formed between the parent and child batches. Each piece of business data corresponds to an on-chain evidence digest, an off-chain original data entity, a batch digital identity, and an upload node identity. Each block is linked to the previous block by a hash value, and the event records within each batch are also linked together by the hash of the preceding event, forming two layers of static association: a blockchain-level chain relationship and a batch-level chain relationship.

[0022] Define the dynamic relationships within a consortium blockchain network, including: Define the state vector for the resource batch, expressed as: In the formula, Let be the state vector of resource batch b at time t; For batch quality, For quality grade, For spatial location, To accumulate carbon emissions, This indicates the business status.

[0023] When the first Business Events At that time, the state vector is updated, expressed as: In the formula, Update the state vector after the k-th business event occurs; In order to be with the first Business Events The corresponding state transition function is used to calculate state changes based on specific business logic; The collected data corresponding to the business events; Cumulative carbon emissions meet: In the formula, For the first The total cumulative carbon emissions after the conclusion of each business event; For the first Historical cumulative carbon emissions prior to the occurrence of each business event; For business events The corresponding increase in carbon emissions.

[0024] The above dynamic relationship shows that the present invention is not a simple static registration system, but a dynamic traceability system that continuously updates the status and accumulates evidence and carbon data as business progresses.

[0025] Building a consortium blockchain network includes: Construct a consortium blockchain network jointly participated in by recycling nodes, logistics nodes, dismantling nodes, warehousing nodes, recycled product manufacturing enterprise nodes, regulatory nodes, and certification nodes; Each node completes access authentication using a digital certificate issued by the CA; node The authentication relationship is as follows: In the formula, For nodes The identity authentication result identifier, when When this occurs, it indicates that the node has been authenticated and is allowed to access the blockchain network. When this happens, it indicates that authentication has failed and access is denied. This is a digital signature verification function based on an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The public key of the Certificate Authority (CA) for the consortium blockchain; For nodes The digital certificate held; Set the total number of network nodes to The tolerable number of malicious nodes is The constraint expression is: The above are the fault tolerance threshold constraints for the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm, indicating that when the number of malicious nodes (or faulty nodes) in the network does not exceed... Even so, the system can still maintain data consistency and security.

[0026] If the number of confirmed nodes for a certain block If so, the current block is confirmed to be added to the chain.

[0027] The above The minimum number of confirming nodes required to reach a consensus (i.e., a quorum) ensures the authenticity and immutability of on-chain data in the event of malicious nodes.

[0028] The digital identity generation module generates a unique digital identity for each batch of recycled resources and manages the parent-child mapping relationship of the batch, including: A unique digital identity is generated for each batch of recyclable resources entering the platform's management scope. The expression is: In the formula, A unique digital identity; To generate a unique identifier code for the company to which the batch belongs; Category code for batch of materials; This refers to the original batch number within the company. A timestamp generated for a digital identity; The salt value is randomized to prevent rainbow table attacks and ensure that the DIDs generated for the same batch of information are different. For hash functions; Write a unique digital identity into a QR code label, RFID tag, or electronic batch label to establish a mapping relationship between physical batches and digital identities; If a batch is split into multiple sub-batches, the expression for generating the digital identity of each sub-batch is: In the formula, For the digital identity of the i-th sub-batch; This refers to the i-th disassembly operation type; Timestamps generated for sub-batch; This is the random salt value used when the sub-batch is generated; A parent batch corresponds to multiple child batches, forming a tree-like mapping structure.

[0029] Furthermore, the aforementioned tree-like mapping structure will gradually expand as operations such as disassembly, sorting, and warehousing are carried out.

[0030] The data standardization module unifies the fields, units, encodings, and formats of multi-source heterogeneous data, including: Let the original data be The standardization result is Then we have: In the formula, This provides functions for data standardization, including field mapping, unit unification, encoding conversion, and format normalization.

[0031] The node access and data upload module performs identity authentication, business data upload, signing, and on-chain processing for each participating node, including: Generate a hash digest of the node's data, including: In the formula, For hash digest; For nodes At any moment Raw business data that has been collected and standardized; Based on the hash digest, a signature is generated using the node's private key, expressed as: In the formula, For nodes At any moment The generated digital signature; For node-based private keys Digital signature algorithm; A unique digital identity; Identify the data type; The timestamp indicates the specific time when the business data was generated or uploaded. This refers to off-chain storage addresses or index addresses, which are private databases jointly established by enterprises at each stage. Based on the signature, generate an on-chain transaction record, expressed as: In the formula, For nodes At any moment Constructed blockchain transaction objects; And verify the signature based on the signature, the expression is: In the formula, For node public key based The signature verification function; When the signature verification is successful, it indicates that the data was indeed generated by the node. Uploaded and not tampered with.

[0032] The privacy protection module performs on-chain notarization and off-chain encrypted storage to protect data, including: For commercially sensitive data, such as purchase price, customer identity, disassembly process parameters, and detailed formulas, the data is not written directly into the blockchain in plaintext. Instead, it is encrypted off-chain and indexed on-chain.

[0033] Let the sensitive data be The encrypted ciphertext is expressed as: In the formula, This is the encrypted ciphertext of sensitive data; This is an encryption function based on the authorized user's public key; This is the original text containing sensitive data. In a blockchain, hashes are recorded and indexes are stored using the following expression: In the formula, It serves as an on-chain evidence reference record, used to prove on the blockchain that data exists and has not been tampered with; Define an access control function with the following expression: In the formula, This is an access control decision function; For the user requesting access to the data; User attribute extraction function, used to obtain user attributes Identity attributes, role permissions, or certificate information; For data access strategies.

[0034] The above access control function means that it is only available when the user attribute... Satisfy the access policy corresponding to the target data Access to the data is only permitted at certain times.

[0035] The digest and index are stored on-chain, while the encrypted original text is stored off-chain, and the two are bound together by hash and address. When permissions, roles, or authorized scopes change, access control policies can be dynamically adjusted, but the on-chain evidence remains unchanged.

[0036] The carbon accounting and certification module calculates carbon emissions and emission reductions based on data from each business process and emission factor versions in the emission factor library that match the accounting year, energy type, geographical scope, and business process. It then outputs certification results with emission factor version identifiers, including: The module employs smart contracts, such as "writing carbon emission calculation models and emission reduction certification rules into smart contracts and deploying them on the consortium blockchain. When the status data of each link is detected and triggered on the chain, the smart contract automatically performs the calculation and generates an immutable digital carbon emission reduction certification certificate."

[0037] To adapt to the characteristics of updating the emission factors of electricity, fuel, heat and transportation as they change with annual, regional and policy interpretations, the carbon accounting and certification module has set up a sub-module for dynamic updating and version control of the emission factor library.

[0038] The emission factor library dynamic update and version control submodule is used to classify, store, authorize, update, lock, and store emission factors corresponding to different years, regions, energy types, and business processes on the blockchain, and provide verifiable emission factor invocation basis when smart contracts execute carbon accounting.

[0039] Let the set of emission factor records for the vth version be: In the formula, For the first A collection of emission factor records for each version; Indicates the first In the 1st version Class of emission factor records; This represents the total number of emission factor records for this version.

[0040] The emission factor records include: In the formula, The emission factor type includes electricity emission factor, fuel emission factor, heat emission factor, or transportation emission factor; For applicable areas; For the applicable year; For the first In the 1st version The numerical value of the emission factor; Units of measurement; For data source; This refers to the activation time of the emission factor for this version; This refers to the expiration time of the emission factor for this version. This is a hash digest of the source file.

[0041] When a new emission factor is released or an existing emission factor needs to be updated, the regulatory agency, certification body, or authorized maintenance node verifies the newly added emission factor record and generates a version hash digest for the v-th version of the emission factor record set, expressed as: In the formula, For the first A version hash digest of a set of emission factor records; For hash functions; "" indicates data splicing.

[0042] Authorized maintenance nodes digitally sign the version hash digest using the following expression: In the formula, For the first Digital signatures of each version of emission factor records; To maintain the private key of the authorized node Digital signature algorithm; Version number; This refers to the version update time.

[0043] Based on the version hash digest and digital signature, generate emission factor version update transaction records, expressed as: In the formula, For the first Each version of emission factor on-chain transaction records; This is the index address of the off-chain source file. The system will... The emission factor source files or supporting documents are written into the consortium blockchain and stored off-chain in a private database or authorized authentication database jointly established by the enterprises at each stage, thereby forming a correspondence of "off-chain source file - on-chain version summary - authorized node signature".

[0044] When the smart contract performs carbon accounting, it determines the time of occurrence based on the business data. Business processes Energy type and applicable areas Call the emission factor version that meets the conditions, the expression is: And it satisfies: In the formula, The emission factor version number actually invoked by the smart contract; The function for selecting emission factor versions is used to automatically match the emission factor versions that are currently valid based on energy type, applicable region, business process, and business occurrence time.

[0045] During the recycling process, the platform collects information such as the source, time, quality, category, weight, and recycling method of the recycled materials and writes it into the blockchain.

[0046] Let the input mass of the recycling batch be... The available mass is The loss mass is Then we have: Recovery efficiency, expressed as: In the formula, In terms of recycling efficiency, it directly reflects the technical level of dismantling companies in the treatment of waste electrical and electronic products, and is also an important basis for evaluating green supply chains. The comprehensive quality score, calculated by weighting multiple quality indicators, is expressed as follows: In the formula, For overall quality scoring; For the first Quality indicators; For the corresponding weights; Carbon emissions from the recycling process are calculated based on activity level and emission factor, as expressed by: In the formula, Carbon emissions during the recycling process; The energy consumption during the recycling process; This refers to the fuel consumption during the recycling process; Emissions factor for electricity consumption; Fuel emission factor; After recycling is completed, the batch status is updated from pending recycling to recycled, and the mass, location, and cumulative carbon emissions are updated simultaneously, as shown in the expression: In the formula, For resource batch b at time The state vector; This is the state transition function for the recycling process; This refers to the collection of node data.

[0047] In the logistics process, the platform collects information such as vehicle number, origin, destination, track points, time, and load. The sequence of logistics trajectory points is defined by the following expression: In the formula, This is a sequence of logistics trajectory points; For the first The geographical coordinates of each trajectory point; For the first The timestamps corresponding to each trajectory point; Total transportation distance, expressed as: In the formula, n represents the total transportation distance; n is the total number of points in the trajectory point sequence. This is the distance function between adjacent trajectory points; For the first The geographical coordinates of each trajectory point; The expression for calculating logistics carbon emissions using the ton-kilometer method is as follows: In the formula, Carbon emissions generated during the logistics and transportation process; For transport weight; The emission factor per ton-kilometer corresponding to the mode of transport; The expression for calculating the velocity of adjacent trajectory points and identifying abnormal trajectories is as follows: In the formula, For the first The trajectory point to the first The average running speed between trajectory points; These are two adjacent logistics trajectory points in the sequence; For the first Timestamps of each trajectory point; like If the trajectory is abnormal, an abnormal marker event will be generated and added to the chain.

[0048] The logistics process affects the location of batches Changes have occurred, increasing carbon emissions from logistics.

[0049] When the recycled batch enters the dismantling stage, the system records data such as dismantling equipment, process parameters, dismantling time, output category, and output quality, including: Let the input batch quality be... The sub-batch quality vector output from the decomposition is expressed as: In the formula, This represents the quality vector of the sub-batch; The quality of the i-th sub-batch being disassembled; This represents the number of sub-batch items. The quality balance relationship between batch quality and sub-batch quality is expressed as: in, For batch quality; To assess the quality of the dismantled waste; The yield of the sub-batch is expressed as: In the formula, To determine the yield from disassembly; Using a decomposition allocation matrix The expression describing the disassembly and transformation relationship is: Carbon emissions during the dismantling process are expressed as follows: In the formula, Carbon emissions during the dismantling process; Electricity consumption during the disassembly process; For heat energy consumption; Thermal emission factor; This is the electricity emission factor.

[0050] At the same time, the system will... With each sub-batch The relationships are written into the blockchain, forming a one-to-many mapping from the parent batch to multiple child batches, and constructing a traceable structured decomposition link.

[0051] After being disassembled, the sub-batch enters the warehousing process, where the system collects information such as inbound quantity, outbound quantity, inventory quantity, storage location, and storage environment parameters.

[0052] The inventory balance relationship is expressed as: In the formula, This represents the current inventory level. This represents the amount of goods received in this period. This represents the outbound volume for this period. This represents the storage loss amount for this period. The carbon emissions from warehousing, combined with data from temperature and humidity control equipment during the warehousing process, can be expressed as: In the formula, Carbon emissions generated during warehousing and storage; Power of storage equipment; Runtime; Electricity emission factor; Define a function to determine the storage environment; the expression is: in, For storage temperature, For warehouse humidity; This is the lower limit of the temperature allowed by the storage environment; This refers to the upper limit of the permissible temperature range for the storage environment. This represents the lower limit of relative humidity permissible in the storage environment. This represents the upper limit of relative humidity allowed in the storage environment.

[0053] The warehousing process continuously updates inventory status, storage location status, and environmental status.

[0054] The consortium blockchain network calculates the total lifecycle carbon emissions of a batch based on carbon emissions during the recycling, logistics, dismantling, and warehousing stages, expressed as: In the formula, This refers to the total carbon emissions over the entire lifecycle of a batch. Carbon emissions generated during the recycling process; Carbon emissions generated during the logistics and transportation process; Carbon emissions generated during the dismantling and processing process; Carbon emissions generated during warehousing and storage; Another way to express batch-to-batch lifecycle carbon emissions is: In the formula, This refers to the total carbon emissions over the entire lifecycle of a batch. A collection of business processes; For the first The first step Business event data; Emission factors corresponding to business events; Let the baseline carbon emissions for producing the same product using native resources be... The actual carbon emissions during the recycling process are The expression for emission reduction is: In the formula, To reduce emissions; Emission reduction rate, expressed as: In the formula, Carbon emission reduction ratio, which represents the percentage reduction in carbon emissions from the recycling process relative to the production of primary resources; when At that time, an authentication record is generated, and the expression is: In the formula, For batch carbon emission reduction digital certification; For the certification time; Digital signatures for certification authorities.

[0055] The chained storage and tracing module generates a full lifecycle event chain for single-batch objects, including: The consortium blockchain network writes business events into blocks according to transaction sets.

[0056] The block header data structure is expressed as follows: In the formula, For the first The block header data structure of each block; The hash of the previous block; For this block, Merkelgen; Generate a timestamp for this block; For a set of transactions, Sign the block-producing node; The block hash is: The Merkelgen for transactions within the block is: In the formula, Merkle root calculation function refers to the calculation process based on the Merkle tree algorithm, which recursively hashes a set of transaction data to generate a unique root hash value. For the first block Each transaction record contains specific business data, timestamps, signatures, and other information about the transaction object; m represents the total number of transactions in the current block. For a single batch The current event in the full lifecycle event chain contains the hash of the previous event, expressed as: In the formula, For batch At any moment The generated business transaction records; For batch A unique digital identity; For a moment The specific details of the business event that occurred; The hash value of the previous transaction record in the batch; This is a hash digest of the current business event data; The timestamp of the current business event; This is the digital signature of the transaction data for the current operating node.

[0057] Based on the above steps, a block-to-block chain relationship is formed at the system layer, and an event-to-event chain relationship is formed at the batch layer.

[0058] The query and accountability transparency module provides traceability queries, verification, and accountability assessment results, including: When a traceability request for a specific batch is received, the system retrieves the event sequence for that batch, expressed as: In the formula, For batch A collection of events throughout the entire lifecycle; For batch In the The specific event records generated by each node; The total number of records in the event sequence; Each record is signed and verified, and the batch's reliability index is calculated using the following expression: In the formula, For batch The data credibility index has a value of 1, which means that the data in the entire chain has not been tampered with and the signature is valid. A value of 0 means that there is an anomaly or forged record. For indicator functions; For the first The record generates the public key of the node; For the first Digital signature of each record; The traceability completeness rate is expressed as: In the formula, To ensure completeness of traceability; The number of effective data collection stages; This represents the total number of data collection stages.

[0059] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0060] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products, characterized in that, include: The blockchain platform building module constructs a consortium blockchain network jointly participated in by recycling companies, logistics companies, dismantling companies, warehousing companies, remanufacturing companies, regulatory agencies, and certification bodies. The digital identity generation module generates a unique digital identity for each batch of recycled resources and manages the parent-child mapping relationship of the batch. The data standardization module unifies the fields, units, encodings, and formats of multi-source heterogeneous data; The node access and data upload module performs identity authentication, business data upload, signing, and on-chain processing for each participating node. The privacy protection module performs on-chain evidence storage and off-chain encrypted storage to protect the data; The carbon accounting and certification module calculates carbon emissions and emission reductions based on data from each business process and emission factor versions in the emission factor library that match the accounting year, energy type, regional scope, and business process, and outputs certification results with emission factor version identifiers. The chained storage and tracing module generates a full lifecycle event chain for single-batch objects; The query and accountability transparency module provides traceability queries, verification, and accountability assessment results.

2. The blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blockchain platform building module includes: Construct a consortium blockchain network jointly participated in by recycling nodes, logistics nodes, dismantling nodes, warehousing nodes, recycled product manufacturing enterprise nodes, regulatory nodes, and certification nodes; Each node completes access authentication using a digital certificate issued by the CA; node The authentication relationship is as follows: In the formula, For nodes Identity authentication result identifier; This is a digital signature verification function based on an asymmetric encryption algorithm. The public key for the consortium blockchain certificate authority; For nodes The digital certificate held; Set the total number of network nodes to The tolerable number of malicious nodes is The constraint expression is: If the number of confirmed nodes for a certain block If so, the current block is confirmed to be added to the chain.

3. The blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digital identity generation module includes: A unique digital identity is generated for each batch of recyclable resources entering the platform's management scope. The expression is: In the formula, A unique digital identity; To generate a unique identifier code for the company to which the batch belongs; Category code for batch of materials; This refers to the original batch number within the company. A timestamp generated for a digital identity; The salt value is random. For hash functions; Write a unique digital identity into a QR code label, RFID tag, or electronic batch label to establish a mapping relationship between physical batches and digital identities; If a batch is split into multiple sub-batches, the expression for generating the digital identity of each sub-batch is: In the formula, For the digital identity of the i-th sub-batch; This refers to the i-th disassembly operation type; Timestamps generated for sub-batch; This is the random salt value used when the sub-batch is generated; A parent batch corresponds to multiple child batches, forming a tree-like mapping structure.

4. The blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The node access and data upload module includes: Generate a hash digest of the node's data, including: In the formula, For hash digest; For nodes At any moment Raw business data that has been collected and standardized; Based on the hash digest, a signature is generated using the node's private key, expressed as: In the formula, For nodes At any moment The generated digital signature; For node-based private keys Digital signature algorithm; A unique digital identity; Used as a data type identifier; For timestamps; This is an off-chain storage address; Based on the signature, generate an on-chain transaction record, expressed as: In the formula, For nodes At any moment Constructed blockchain transaction objects; And verify the signature based on the signature, the expression is: In the formula, Based on node public key The signature verification function.

5. A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The privacy protection module includes: Let the sensitive data be The encrypted ciphertext is expressed as: In the formula, This is the encrypted ciphertext of sensitive data; This is an encryption function based on the authorized user's public key; This is the original text containing sensitive data. In a blockchain, hashes are recorded and indexes are stored using the following expression: In the formula, For on-chain evidence storage and citation records; Define an access control function with the following expression: In the formula, This is an access control decision function; For the user requesting access to the data; Functions for extracting user attributes; For data access strategies.

6. A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon accounting and certification module includes: The emission factor library dynamic update and version control submodule is used to store, update, and call emission factors corresponding to different years, regions, energy types, and business processes. Each emission factor record must include at least the emission factor type, applicable area, applicable year, factor value, unit of measurement, data source, activation time, expiration time, and version number; When a regulatory agency, certification body, or authorized maintenance node releases a new emission factor, the system generates a version hash digest for the new emission factor record and writes the version hash digest, version number, activation time, expiration time, source file index, and maintenance node digital signature into the consortium blockchain. When calculating carbon emissions, the smart contract automatically matches the version of the emission factor that is in effect based on the occurrence time, energy type, business process and applicable area corresponding to the business data, and writes the emission factor version number, version hash digest and calculation result into the carbon emission reduction digital certificate. Carbon emissions from the recycling process are calculated based on activity level and emission factor, as expressed by: In the formula, Carbon emissions during the recycling process; Electricity consumption during the recycling process; This refers to the fuel consumption during the recycling process; Emissions factor for electricity consumption; This refers to fuel emission factors.

7. A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon accounting and certification module includes: The expression for calculating logistics carbon emissions using the ton-kilometer method is as follows: In the formula, Carbon emissions generated during the logistics and transportation process; Total transportation distance; For transport weight; The emission factor per ton-kilometer corresponds to the mode of transportation.

8. A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon accounting and certification module includes: Carbon emissions during the dismantling process are expressed as follows: In the formula, Carbon emissions during the dismantling process; Electricity consumption during the disassembly process; For heat energy consumption; Thermal emission factor; This is the electricity emission factor.

9. A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon accounting and certification module includes: The carbon emissions from warehousing, combined with data from temperature and humidity control equipment during the warehousing process, can be expressed as: In the formula, Carbon emissions generated during warehousing and storage; Power of storage equipment; Runtime; This is the electricity emission factor.

10. A blockchain-based carbon emission traceability system for waste electrical and electronic products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The query and accountability transparency module includes: When a traceability request for a specific batch is received, the event sequence for that batch is retrieved, expressed as: In the formula, For batch A collection of events throughout the entire lifecycle; For batch In the The specific event records generated by each node; The total number of records in the event sequence; Each record is signed and verified, and the batch's reliability index is calculated using the following expression: In the formula, For batch Data credibility metrics; For indicator functions; For the first The record generates the public key of the node; For the first Digital signature of each record; The traceability completeness rate is expressed as: In the formula, To ensure completeness of traceability; The number of effective data collection stages; This represents the total number of data collection stages.

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