A three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method and device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of 3D geological modeling, specifically a method and device for fusion modeling of 3D terrain and geology. The invention digitizes borehole data, providing directly usable structured data for subsequent modeling. By establishing a unified borehole stratification, the stratigraphic sequence of each borehole obtains a unified benchmark, eliminating the problem of inconsistent stratification in traditional methods. Based on this unified stratification, a 3D geological body model is constructed in the geological body module of a 3D platform, eliminating the need for manual layer-by-layer drawing and reducing modeling complexity. A karst cave model is constructed based on the karst cave data from the boreholes, providing a reliable basis for the location and quantity of karst caves, solving the problem of accurately representing irregular underground cavities. Finally, individual 3D surface models of each layer are constructed separately, merged, and then Boolean operations are performed with the karst cave model to fuse the terrain, geological body, and karst caves into a complete model. Data is transferred sequentially and seamlessly connected in each step, significantly improving the efficiency of fusion modeling while ensuring model accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional geological modeling, and in particular to a method and device for three-dimensional terrain and geological fusion modeling. Background Technology

[0002] Three-dimensional geological modeling is a key technology in engineering exploration and underground space development. Borehole data, as the most direct data source, is managed and applied throughout the entire modeling process. However, existing technologies still have many shortcomings.

[0003] The management and digitization of borehole data are generally inadequate. Most borehole data is stored in the form of paper reports or unstructured electronic documents, which makes it difficult to efficiently convert into structured digital information that can be directly used for 3D modeling, thus limiting the efficiency of batch utilization and analysis of the data.

[0004] Stratigraphic stratification is often difficult to unify between different boreholes. Due to the complexity of geological conditions, phenomena such as missing, inverted, and repeated strata are common. There is a lack of comparable stratigraphic sequences between boreholes, which makes it impossible to accurately establish the topological relationships between strata when constructing a 3D geological model. Stratigraphic connections in the model are prone to being unreasonable or even erroneous.

[0005] The construction of three-dimensional geological models heavily relies on human interaction. Traditional methods are cumbersome and have limited automation, requiring significant manual intervention and complex data processing, making it difficult to meet the demands for efficient model construction and detailed structural representation in complex geological environments.

[0006] The modeling accuracy of underground karst caves is insufficient. The morphology and spatial distribution of karst caves are difficult to fully explore with existing surveying methods, exhibiting obvious randomness and irregularity. Traditional methods are unable to accurately simulate these types of cavities, thus limiting the practicality and accuracy of the models.

[0007] The fusion of topographic and geological data is inefficient. This fusion involves a large amount of geometric computation, which existing methods struggle to automate, particularly in areas such as the connection between topographic surfaces and geological strata, and the fusion of cavities and geological bodies.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method and equipment that can efficiently digitally manage and utilize borehole data and accurately construct three-dimensional geological body models. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of insufficient accuracy in the existing technology, which makes it difficult to efficiently manage and utilize borehole data digitally and to construct three-dimensional geological models. This invention provides a method and equipment for three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] A method for fusion modeling of three-dimensional terrain and geology includes the following steps: S1: Convert the acquired borehole information into borehole digital information; S2: Establish a unified borehole layering system based on the borehole digital information; S3: Based on the unified borehole stratification, construct a three-dimensional geological body model in the geological body module of Supermap (SuperMap GIS software); S4: Construct several karst cave models based on the karst cave data in the borehole digital information; S5: Construct individual three-dimensional surface models of each geological layer based on the three-dimensional geological body model, merge them and output as a new geological body model, perform Boolean operations on the new geological body model and the several cave models, and output as the final geological body model.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S1 includes the following steps: A table-based image extraction method is used to convert the text information of the borehole into numerical information; the numerical information is then stored in a preset Excel template and output as borehole numerical information.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes the following steps: Create a new project in the Supermap data source; The borehole digital information is imported into a pre-set borehole table in a point style; the borehole table settings include spatial information, borehole number, soil and rock information for each layer, and bottom coordinate field; The formation conditions of each borehole in the borehole table are then classified and filtered to extract boreholes with complex formations; wherein, the boreholes with complex formations are those that contain any one or more of the following conditions: missing formations, inverted formations, and repeated formations. Virtual strata insertion is performed on the boreholes in the complex formations to give all boreholes a unified sequence structure and establish a unified borehole stratification.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S3 includes the following steps: S31: Based on the unified borehole stratification sequence, add the borehole data of each stratum as the source dataset, filter out the datasets to participate in the modeling, and sort them according to the actual strata from high to low; wherein, the method of filtering the datasets is: in Supermap, perform the operations of adding source datasets, selecting all source datasets, deselecting source datasets, and removing selected datasets in sequence. S32: In the attribute query, set the geological stratification parameters using SQL (Structured Query Language) expressions, then set the stratigraphic point filtering conditions and color scheme, and construct the geological body according to the hierarchical relationship; wherein, the geological stratification parameters from top to bottom are plain fill, plastic red clay, strongly weathered limestone, and moderately weathered limestone.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 includes the following steps: S41: Generate a sphere based on the cave data in the borehole digital information, and use the Supermap's instruction rules for inserting random points on the spatial volume to insert random points on the surface of the sphere to shape and generate the shape and size of the cave model; wherein, the instruction rules are: using the existing base points on the surface of the regular body as a reference, establishing a mathematical relationship between the base points and random points, and controlling the number of random points by controlling the variables in the mathematical relationship. S42: Extract the boundary of the generated cave model. Use the latitude and longitude line scanning method to extract the outer contour of the points. After merging and deduplication, the final interval of the cave model on the X and Y axes is obtained. The output is the complete boundary of the cave model. S43: Sort the set of boundary points using the polar angle sorting method, and then add the first point to the end to obtain a closed set of closed points; S44: Project the three-dimensional points of the closed point set onto a two-dimensional plane and retain the elevation values, then construct a Delaunay triangulation to form a triangular mesh; remove triangles with an area smaller than a preset threshold, and finally optimize the remaining triangular mesh using the Laplace algorithm, outputting the final triangular mesh model of the current cave model; the final triangular mesh model includes a vertex set and a triangle set.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, S42 includes the following steps: S421: Using the latitude and longitude scanning method, the maximum and minimum latitude and longitude are obtained with the center of the circle as the origin, respectively obtaining the longitude range ln and the latitude range la; its expression is:

[0017] in, Longitude range coordinates Coordinates within a latitude range; S422: Define initial extreme values ​​for the X and Y axes based on the longitude range ln and latitude range la; the expression is:

[0018] Wherein, minmax_x[i] is the Y coordinate interval of the i-th interval on the X-axis, and minmax_y[i] is the X coordinate interval of the i-th interval on the Y-axis; S423: Calculate the corresponding interval of point n; its expression is:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, Num x and Num y Let Xn and Yn be the x and y intervals of the cave model on the X and Y axes, respectively, and let Xn and Yn be the x and y coordinates of the nth point in the cave model, respectively. x and y represents the interval width of the X-axis and Y-axis, Xmin and Ymin represent the minimum values ​​of the cave model on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, M represents the number of intervals, and Xmax and Ymax represent the maximum values ​​of the cave model on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. S424: Update the maximum / minimum value; its update rule is: If Xn < minmax_y[Num] x If ].first, then update the minimum value and its index; If Xn > minmax_y[Num] x If the value is .second, then update the maximum value and its index; If Yn < minmax_x[Num y If ].first, then update the minimum value and its index; If Yn > minmax_x[Num y If the value is .second, then update the maximum value and its index; Where *.first is the left endpoint of the interval, and *.second is the right endpoint of the interval; S425: Repeat S423-S424 until all points have been calculated, and output the final interval of the cave model on the X and Y axes as the complete boundary of the cave model.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formula for calculating the set of closed points in S43 is:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] Where C is the coordinate of the centroid of the boundary point set; Num is the total number of points in the boundary point set; Pn is the two-dimensional plane coordinate of the nth point in the boundary point set; i is the index number of the summation symbol; θ n Let x be the polar angle of the nth point Pn relative to the centroid C; n and y n Let X and Y be the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the nth point Pn, respectively; Cx and Cy are the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the centroid C, respectively; and P is the set of closed points obtained by rearranging them after sorting them in ascending order of polar angle.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S5 includes the following steps: S51: Construct the topographic surface, geological surface, adjacent layer, next adjacent layer, cross-geological layer and geological bottom layer respectively, and form a triangular mesh based on the top borehole points of each layer using the Delaunay triangulation method; S52: Obtain individual three-dimensional curved surface models of each geological layer by performing separation calculations between the triangular mesh surface at the top of each layer and the geological body; S53: Merge the individual three-dimensional curved surface models of each layer to obtain a new geological body model; S54: Perform Boolean operations on the newly formed geological body model and the cave model, and output the final geological body model; its expression is:

[0026] Where F(i) is the final geological model, M 新地质体 (i) is the model of the new geological body, M 溶洞 (i) is a cave model.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the separation steps of the individual three-dimensional surface models of each geological layer in S52 are as follows: a) Geological surface Connect all borehole boundaries and stretch to form a solid model M 钻 Using terrain surfaces and M 钻 Perform separation operations to remove invalid parts that extend beyond the terrain surface, resulting in the three-dimensional geological model M. 地质体 Then utilize the neighboring layer C 邻 and three-dimensional geological model M 地质体 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the geological surface layer C. 表 3D surface model and 3D geological body M with surface removed 去表 ; b) Adjacent layer According to M 去表 and C 次邻 Perform a separation operation, and the separation result is the neighboring layer C. 邻Three-dimensional curved surface model and three-dimensional geological body M with surface and adjacent layers removed 去表邻 ; c) Next nearest neighbor layer According to M 去表邻 and geological stratum C 底 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the next nearest neighbor layer C. 次邻 The three-dimensional curved surface model and the three-dimensional geological body M of the geological subsurface 底 ; d) Geological layer In M 底 In the model, a bottom elevation Z is assigned to the geological stratum, and Z is used in relation to M. 底 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the geological stratum C. 底 A three-dimensional curved surface model; e) Across geological layers If a soil layer spans an upper layer, then the second layer is defined as the layer spanning the fault C. 跨 Obtain the terrain surface and geological body model M 地质体 ; will C 跨 and M 地质体 Perform a separation operation to obtain C. 表 and M 去表 Finally, C 次邻 and M 去表 Perform separation calculations to obtain the cross-fault C. 跨 A three-dimensional curved surface model.

[0028] A three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling device includes at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform any of the above-described three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling methods.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention digitizes borehole data, providing directly usable structured data for subsequent modeling. By establishing a unified borehole stratification, a consistent benchmark is established for the stratigraphic sequence of each borehole, eliminating the inconsistency in stratification found in traditional methods. Based on this unified stratification, a 3D geological model is constructed in the geological body module of a 3D platform, eliminating the need for manual layer-by-layer drawing and reducing modeling complexity. A karst cave model is constructed based on the karst cave data from the boreholes, providing a reliable basis for the location and quantity of karst caves and solving the problem of accurately representing irregular underground cavities. Finally, individual 3D surface models for each layer are constructed separately, merged, and then Boolean operations are performed with the karst cave model to integrate the terrain, geological bodies, and karst caves into a complete model. Data is transferred sequentially and seamlessly integrated in each step, significantly improving the efficiency of fusion modeling while ensuring model accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional geological body model in a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional geological profile in a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a karst cave model in a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the strata where the cave is located in the three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method described in Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling device as described in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to experimental examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method includes the following steps: S1: Convert the acquired borehole information into borehole digital information.

[0033] S2: Establish a unified borehole layering system based on the borehole digital information.

[0034] S3: Based on the unified borehole stratification, construct a three-dimensional geological model in the geological body module of Supermap (SuperMap GIS software).

[0035] S4: Construct several cave models based on the cave data in the borehole digital information.

[0036] S5: Construct individual three-dimensional surface models of each geological layer based on the three-dimensional geological body model, merge them and output as a new geological body model, perform Boolean operations on the new geological body model and the several cave models, and output as the final geological body model.

[0037] Example 2 This embodiment is a specific implementation of the three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method described in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: S1: Convert the acquired borehole information into borehole digital information.

[0038] A table-based image extraction method is used to convert the text information of the borehole into numerical information; the numerical information is then stored in a preset Excel template and output as borehole numerical information.

[0039] S2: Establish a unified borehole layering system based on the borehole digital information.

[0040] Create a new project in the Supermap data source.

[0041] The borehole digital information is imported into a pre-set borehole table in a point format; the borehole table settings include spatial information, borehole number, soil and rock information for each layer, and bottom coordinate field.

[0042] The formation conditions of each borehole in the borehole table are then classified and filtered to extract boreholes with complex formations; wherein, the boreholes with complex formations are those that contain any one or more of the following conditions: missing formations, inverted formations, and repeated formations.

[0043] Virtual strata insertion is performed on the boreholes in the complex formations to give all boreholes a unified sequence structure and establish a unified borehole stratification.

[0044] S3: Based on the unified borehole stratification, construct a three-dimensional geological body model in the geological body module of Supermap.

[0045] S31: According to the unified borehole stratification sequence, add the borehole data of each stratum as the source dataset, select the datasets to participate in the modeling, and sort them according to the actual strata from high to low; wherein, the method of selecting the dataset is to perform the operations of adding source dataset, selecting all source datasets, deselecting source datasets, and removing selected datasets in Supermap in sequence.

[0046] S32: In the attribute query, set the geological stratification parameters using SQL (Structured Query Language) expressions, then set the stratigraphic point filtering conditions and color scheme, and construct the geological body according to the hierarchical relationship; wherein, the geological stratification parameters from top to bottom are plain fill, plastic red clay, strongly weathered limestone, and moderately weathered limestone.

[0047] For example, geological stratification parameters can be set through "SQL expressions". The parameters from top to bottom are: SQL1 stratum = "plain fill soil", SQL2 stratum = "plastic red clay", SQL3 stratum = "strongly weathered limestone", SQL3 stratum = "moderately weathered limestone".

[0048] Furthermore, it also includes a "geological profile" function: In the data source, a new line file is created, a geological profile map is set, and the profile dataset is calculated through two-dimensional lines, three-dimensional lines, or by setting two-dimensional and three-dimensional surfaces; Based on the profile dataset, the geological model of the specified profile is extracted, and when using the geological profile, the profile thickness and profile height are customized to obtain the analysis results of different profiles in real time.

[0049] S4: Construct several cave models based on the cave data in the borehole digital information.

[0050] S41: Generate a sphere based on the cave data in the borehole digital information, and use the Supermap instruction rules for inserting random points on the spatial volume to insert random points on the surface of the sphere to shape and generate the shape and size of the cave model; wherein, the instruction rules are: using the existing base points on the surface of the regular body as a reference, establish a mathematical relationship between the base points and the random points, and control the number of random points by controlling the variables in the mathematical relationship.

[0051] S42: Extract the boundary of the generated cave model. Use the latitude and longitude line scanning method to extract the outer contour of the points. After merging and deduplication, the final interval of the cave model on the X and Y axes is obtained, and the output is the complete boundary of the cave model.

[0052] S421: Using the latitude and longitude scanning method, the maximum and minimum latitude and longitude are obtained with the center of the circle as the origin, respectively obtaining the longitude range ln and the latitude range la; its expression is:

[0053] in, Longitude range coordinates Coordinates within a latitude range; S422: Define initial extreme values ​​for the X and Y axes based on the longitude range ln and latitude range la; the expression is:

[0054] Wherein, minmax_x[i] is the Y coordinate interval of the i-th interval on the X-axis, and minmax_y[i] is the X coordinate interval of the i-th interval on the Y-axis; S423: Calculate the corresponding interval of point n; its expression is:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, Num x and Num y Let Xn and Yn be the x and y intervals of the cave model on the X and Y axes, respectively, and let Xn and Yn be the x and y coordinates of the nth point in the cave model, respectively. x and y represents the interval width of the X-axis and Y-axis, Xmin and Ymin represent the minimum values ​​of the cave model on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, M represents the number of intervals (e.g., 200), and Xmax and Ymax represent the maximum values ​​of the cave model on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. S424: Update the maximum / minimum value; its update rule is: If Xn < minmax_y[Num] x If ].first, then update the minimum value and its index; If Xn > minmax_y[Num] x If the value is .second, then update the maximum value and its index; If Yn < minmax_x[Num y If ].first, then update the minimum value and its index; If Yn > minmax_x[Num y If the value is .second, then update the maximum value and its index; Where *.first is the left endpoint of the interval, and *.second is the right endpoint of the interval; S425: Repeat S423-S424 until all points have been calculated, and output the final interval of the cave model on the X and Y axes as the complete boundary of the cave model.

[0057] S43: Sort the set of boundary points using the polar angle sorting method, and then add the first point to the end to obtain a closed set of points.

[0058] The formula for calculating the set of closed points is:

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Where C is the coordinate of the centroid of the boundary point set; Num is the total number of points in the boundary point set; Pn is the two-dimensional plane coordinate of the nth point in the boundary point set; i is the index number of the summation symbol; θ n Let x be the polar angle of the nth point Pn relative to the centroid C; n and y n These are the x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the nth point Pn, respectively; C x and C y , respectively, are the x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the centroid C; P is the set of closed points obtained by rearranging them after sorting them in ascending order of polar angle.

[0062] S44: Project the three-dimensional points of the closed point set onto a two-dimensional plane and retain the elevation values ​​for easy reconstruction; then construct a Delaunay triangulation to form a triangular mesh; remove triangles with areas smaller than a preset threshold to filter out invalid triangles; finally, optimize the remaining triangular mesh using the Laplace algorithm and output the final triangular mesh model of the current cave model; the final triangular mesh model includes a vertex set and a triangle set.

[0063] S5: Construct individual three-dimensional surface models of each geological layer based on the three-dimensional geological body model, merge them and output as a new geological body model, perform Boolean operations on the new geological body model and the several cave models, and output as the final geological body model.

[0064] S51: Construct the topographic surface, geological surface, adjacent layer, next adjacent layer, cross-geological layer and geological bottom layer respectively, and form a triangular mesh based on the top borehole points of each layer using the Delaunay triangulation method.

[0065] If two layers have the same geological properties, for example, the second layer is plastic red clay and the third layer is also plastic red clay, then the point at the same location in the second layer is assigned the property of plastic red clay, and the elevation value is the largest. The results are as follows: P 二层 ∈'plastic red clay', Z i =max(Z) i ).

[0066] S52: The individual three-dimensional surface model of each geological layer is obtained by performing separation calculations between the triangular mesh surface at the top of each layer and the geological body.

[0067] The separation steps for individual three-dimensional surface models of various geological layers are as follows: a) Geological surface Connect all borehole boundaries and stretch to form a solid model M 钻 Using terrain surfaces and M 钻 Perform separation operations to remove invalid parts that extend beyond the terrain surface, resulting in the three-dimensional geological model M. 地质体 Then utilize the neighboring layer C 邻 and three-dimensional geological model M 地质体 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the geological surface layer C. 表 3D surface model and 3D geological body M with surface removed 去表 ; b) Adjacent layer According to M 去表 and C 次邻 Perform a separation operation, and the separation result is the neighboring layer C. 邻 Three-dimensional curved surface model and three-dimensional geological body M with surface and adjacent layers removed 去表邻 ; c) Next nearest neighbor layer According to M 去表邻 and geological stratum C 底 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the next nearest neighbor layer C. 次邻 The three-dimensional curved surface model and the three-dimensional geological body M of the geological subsurface 底 ; d) Geological layer In M 底 In the model, a bottom elevation Z is assigned to the geological stratum, and Z is used in relation to M. 底 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the geological stratum C. 底 A three-dimensional curved surface model; e) Across geological layers If a soil layer spans an upper layer, then the second layer is defined as the layer spanning the fault C. 跨 Obtain the terrain surface and geological body model M 地质体 ; will C 跨 and M 地质体 Perform a separation operation to obtain C. 表 and M 去表 Finally, C 次邻 and M 去表 Perform separation calculations to obtain the cross-fault C. 跨 A three-dimensional curved surface model.

[0068] S53: Merge the individual three-dimensional surface models of each layer to obtain a new geological body model.

[0069] After the above processing, by merging the models, C 表 C 邻 C 次邻 C 底 and C 跨 The merging process yields a new three-dimensional geological model M. 新地质体 .

[0070] S54: Perform Boolean operations on the newly formed geological body model and the cave model, and output the final geological body model; its expression is:

[0071] Where F(i) is the final geological model, M 新地质体 (i) is the model of the new geological body, M 溶洞 (i) is a cave model.

[0072] Example 3 This embodiment uses a real engineering project as an example for practical application. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Digital processing of borehole data The geological survey data was provided by a professional geological survey company. The borehole pile diagrams of the 284 boreholes were all encrypted and could only be viewed and printed. They could not be converted into tables using software such as Acrobat or WPS. In Supermap software, borehole data could only be imported through Excel or CSV files. Therefore, the research group adopted an image-based table extraction method to quickly convert the text information of the 284 boreholes into digital information. The information of 284 boreholes was digitized and organized into an Excel spreadsheet by cleaning the data in an Excel spreadsheet. The information included the borehole number, borehole coordinates, bottom elevation of each soil and rock layer, and soil and rock properties. Table 1 below shows the digital format information required for a particular borehole.

[0073] Table 1 shows the digital format information of a certain borehole. serial number X (m) Y(m) Z(m) Geotechnical Information ZK5 377530.39 2933908.51 1141.679 Plain fill soil ZK5 377530.39 2933908.51 1129.679 Plastic red clay ZK5 377530.39 2933908.51 1126.079 Strongly weathered limestone ZK5 377530.39 2933908.51 1120.779 moderately weathered limestone Step 2: Establish a unified borehole stratification In Supermap, first create a new project in the data source, then import the borehole data as a point style, select CGCS2000 as the coordinate datum, and set the projection zone number to 4545.

[0074] Import the borehole table into the data source, set the spatial information of the borehole table, and set fields such as borehole number, soil and rock information for each layer, and bottom coordinates; In real geological formations, the stratigraphic information of different boreholes varies due to the discontinuous distribution of strata. For specific strata, there are instances of missing, repeated, or inverted stratigraphic layers. These three situations manifest differently in the borehole information, requiring screening and classification of these phenomena. The specific steps for establishing a unified borehole stratigraphic record mainly consist of the following two steps: The first step is to use algorithms to classify and filter the formation conditions of each borehole; The second is to unify the stratigraphic sequence by inserting virtual stratigraphic sequences into boreholes with complex strata, thereby establishing a unified borehole stratification.

[0075] (1) The formation conditions of each borehole are classified and filtered using an algorithm, as follows: (1) (2) (3) (4) in Starting from top to bottom, the borehole strata are numbered for the layer a in the borehole strata. The borehole strata numbers decrease from top to bottom according to the same stratum sequence. Except for simple strata with continuous distribution, the above algorithm covers three complex strata situations in the borehole strata: strata missing, strata inverted, and strata repeated. The formation reversal corresponds to equations (1) and (2). Let a equal to 3. Equation (1) means that the number of the third layer in the borehole is less than the number of the second layer, which is inconsistent with the normal situation and belongs to the formation reversal. Equation (2) means that the number of the third layer in the borehole is greater than the number of the second layer, and the number of the fourth layer is smaller than the number of the third layer, which belongs to the case of adjacent formation reversal. The missing strata correspond to formula (3). Let a equal to 3. Formula (3) means that the number of the third layer in the borehole is greater than the number of the second layer plus 1, and the number of the fourth layer is greater than the number of the third layer. This situation is because one or more strata are missing between the second and third layers, which is a case of missing strata. If the strata are repeated, then the formula (4) means that the third soil layer and the fifth soil layer in the borehole have the same number. The same number of strata appears repeatedly, which is a case of strata repetition. The above algorithm is used to classify and filter the formations of each borehole, and boreholes with complex and special formation distributions are grouped together to provide a basis for adding virtual formations and establishing a unified borehole formation.

[0076] (2) Add virtual formations to establish a unified borehole formation. Virtual formations refer to adding missing formations to boreholes where existing formations are lacking. The thickness of these missing formations is set to 0, also known as zero-thickness formations. Adding virtual formations transforms complex and incomplete borehole formations into unified formations with zero thickness, aiding in subsequent interpolation of discrete boreholes. This facilitates accurate identification of the desired borehole formation interface during interpolation calculations, reducing manual intervention in the interpolation process.

[0077] In the process of 3D geological modeling based on borehole data, it is necessary to connect and divide the strata of each borehole. In an ideal state, the connection between the borehole strata is relatively simple and shows a regular stacked state. However, the distribution of real strata is more complex. For special strata distributions such as lenses and strata pinch-outs, the connection analysis is performed between the borehole strata before adding virtual strata and the borehole strata after adding virtual boreholes.

[0078] It can be observed that the borehole formations after adding virtual formations are more realistic in their depiction of lenses and formation pinch-outs compared to the borehole formations before adding them, and there is no phenomenon of intersecting borehole layer lines.

[0079] Step 3: Establish a three-dimensional geological model In Supermap's geological body module, the source dataset is set up in the following order: Add source dataset, Select all source datasets, Invert source dataset selection, Remove selected datasets, and Sort datasets (Place on top, Move up, Move down, Place on bottom). The order in which the point layers of the geological body are constructed corresponds to the actual strata from high to low. Four datasets are added sequentially, and their order is modified using the dataset sorting tool.

[0080] In the attribute query, the "SQL expression" sets the geological stratification parameters. The parameters from top to bottom are: SQL1 stratum = "plain fill soil", SQL2 stratum = "plastic red clay", SQL3 stratum = "strongly weathered limestone", and SQL3 stratum = "moderately weathered limestone".

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, to facilitate the viewing of stratigraphic boundaries, appropriate stratigraphic point filtering conditions and color schemes are set to construct geological bodies based on hierarchical relationships. like Figure 3 As shown, to further examine the stratigraphic distribution within a geological body, the "Geological Profile" function can be used to create a new line file in the data source and set up a geological profile map. The profile dataset can be calculated using two-dimensional lines, three-dimensional lines, or by setting two-dimensional and three-dimensional surfaces.

[0082] Based on the profile dataset, the geological model of the specified profile is extracted. When using the geological profile, the profile thickness and profile height can be customized, and the analysis results of different profiles can be obtained in real time.

[0083] Step 4: Research on Modeling and Treatment of Underground Karst Caves The geological survey report indicates that due to the widespread distribution of carbonate rock strata within the site, influenced by nearby folds, synclines, and weathering, the rock mass structure and weathering fissures are well-developed to strongly developed, with shallow weathering fissures dominating in some areas, though on a smaller scale. Horizontal and vertical joint fissures are also observed. In the early stages, surface water in the site dissolved along joint surfaces or fissure surfaces within the carbonate rocks, forming solution channels (or solution troughs). The originally layered carbonate rocks were separated into columns or stalagmites by these solution channels. Surface water seeped downwards along the carbonate rock fissures and dissolved, forming sinkholes. Groundwater falling from these sinkholes flowed laterally into the aquifer, forming further sinkholes. Of the 248 borehole data, 9 boreholes encountered karst caves and fissures, accounting for 3.6% of the total. However, the relative elevation difference between the bedrock and some adjacent column foundations was greater than 5m. According to Article 7.1.3 of the "Technical Specification for Geotechnical Engineering of Guizhou Province" (DB52 / T046-2018), the site was determined to be a site with strong karst development based on comprehensive analysis. The karst characteristics are shown in Table 2 below.

[0084] Table 2. Statistical Overview of Karst Cave Characteristics

[0085] By querying the borehole coordinates, it was found that the coordinates of the above 9 boreholes are adjacent. According to the geological survey report, the cave is a cavity. Since the spatial distribution of caves is usually irregular, the volume ratio of caves can be used as an indicator to measure the number of caves in the algorithm, so that each cave is randomly distributed in the geological space without overlap and the number is random. When the generated volume ratio reaches the specified number, the generation stops.

[0086] The shape and size of randomly generated caverns are created by inserting random points onto a sphere. Utilizing Supermap's rules and commands for inserting random points into a spatial volume, while ensuring the distances between these points are random and the number of random points is controllable, presents a significant challenge. Through continuous research and conjecture, it was decided to use existing points on the surface of a generated regular volume as base points. By establishing a mathematical relationship between the base points and the random points, and controlling the variables in this mathematical relationship, the number of random points can be controlled, ensuring the distances between them are random.

[0087] Assuming the cave is a sphere, the coordinates and radius of the sphere are generated using the existing geometric information of the cave. The coordinates of the sphere's center are defined as follows: A random number between (0, 1) is introduced with radius R. The distance from a random point generated inside the sphere to the center of the sphere is... Based on the formula for generalized spherical coordinates in mathematics, random points inside a spatial body are established, and the coordinates of the generated random points are calculated: (5) In the formula, The coordinates of the generated random point are given, where D is the distance from the random point to the center of the sphere. and These are the angles formed with the X and Y axes in polar coordinates, respectively. Since each generated random point is relative to... and Regarding the relationship between the two angle parameters, when they change, a random point can be generated both inside and on the surface of a regular spatial volume. Therefore, controlling the magnitude of the two angle parameters controls the spatial position of the random point and the distance between random points. Since it is randomly generated, random numbers are still introduced to control the angles of the two parameters. and The calculation formula is as follows: (6) Meanwhile, in order to control the number of random points, a control index for stopping random point generation needs to be selected. The number of randomly generated points can be adjusted. Assuming the range of the number of generated random points is (a, b), the formula for controlling the number of random points can be expressed as: (7) Once the locations of the random points are determined, the plot function can be used to draw the randomly generated cave model, as shown in the image. Figure 4 As shown; In actual geological formations, the morphology of untreated karst caves is extremely complex. Existing exploration methods make it difficult to clearly investigate the external outline shape and specific spatial distribution of each karst cave, which exhibits randomness in space.

[0088] In practice, such as Figure 5 As shown, the cave is located inside a geological body and is an irregularly shaped cavity. Using the Boolean intersection principle, a Boolean intersection operation is performed simultaneously on the geological body and the cave body to integrate the cave model into the stratigraphic body. Step 5: Research on the Integration of 3D Topography and Geological Bodies Because the coordinate benchmarks of the geological survey data and the design data are inconsistent, although the coordinates are unified through the Bursa model, there is a difference between the borehole elevation and the original ground surface. This means that the stratigraphic data established from the borehole coordinate points is not the real original ground surface. It is necessary to integrate the 1:500 topographic data provided by the design unit to achieve the integration of the topographic and geological models.

[0089] A topographic and geological fusion modeling method based on Boolean operations is adopted. Implicit functions of the ground surface and the fill layer are constructed separately. Then, Boolean combination constraints are used to form a combined implicit function to express the three-dimensional surface model between the ground surface and the fill layer. The complete geological body is obtained by Boolean operations on the upper and lower layers.

[0090] Combination constraints of implicit function fields refer to constraints constructed by combining implicit function fields based on the Boolean combination operation concept. Based on the idea of ​​signed distance fields, the combination of implicit functions can be regarded as a combination of signed distance fields. Let the surface function model be... The functional model of the plain fill surface is Constructing implicit function domains To construct a solid model between the Earth's surface and the subsurface, four common operational methods are used: Boolean intersection, Boolean union, Boolean complement, and Boolean difference. The results are as follows: (1) Boolean intersection operation For areas where the orifice elevation is greater than the original ground level, a geological map can be constructed using the Boolean intersection algorithm. and Combinatorial implicit functions constructed by cross operations The expression and result are as follows: (8) (2) Boolean joint operation For areas where the surface surface overlaps with the fill layer, it is necessary to transfer the properties of the surface surface to the fill layer. This can be achieved through Boolean joint operations. and Combinatorial implicit functions constructed by union operations The expression and result are as follows: (9) (3) Boolean complementary operations For areas lacking surface elevation data but with plain fill geological surfaces, the plain fill surfaces need to be used to replace the topographic surfaces. and Combinatorial implicit functions constructed from complementary operations The expression and result are as follows: (10) (4) Boolean difference operation For areas where the orifice elevation is lower than the original ground level, gaps exist between the surface and the fill soil. These gaps can be constructed using a Boolean intersection algorithm. and Combinatorial implicit functions constructed by difference operations It can be represented as: (11) After the above four Boolean operations, the surface and the plain-filled land layer are merged to obtain a new plain-filled land geological model through the merging model.

[0091] Example 4 like Figure 6 As shown, a three-dimensional terrain and geological fusion modeling device includes at least one processor, a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, and at least one input / output interface communicatively connected to the at least one processor. The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed, enables the at least one processor to perform a three-dimensional terrain and geological fusion modeling method as described in the foregoing embodiments. The input / output interface may include a display, keyboard, mouse, and USB interface for inputting and outputting data.

[0092] Furthermore, the 3D terrain and geology fusion modeling device can be a desktop computer, mobile phone, tablet computer, wearable 3D terrain and geology fusion modeling device, or any other 3D terrain and geology fusion modeling device capable of depth information recognition.

[0093] Furthermore, the processor may include one or more processing cores. The processor connects various parts within the 3D terrain and geological fusion modeling device using various interfaces and lines. It executes various functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory, and by calling data stored in memory. Optionally, the processor may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor may integrate one or a combination of several of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the displayed content; and the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also be implemented separately as a communication chip, without being integrated into the processor.

[0094] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM). The memory can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets, such as instructions or code sets used to implement a three-dimensional terrain and geological fusion modeling method provided in this application embodiment. The memory may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for implementing at least one function, instructions for implementing the various method embodiments described above, etc. The data storage area may also store data created during the use of the three-dimensional terrain and geological fusion modeling device (such as a mapping table of modulation sequences and depths, image data, spectrogram data, etc.).

[0095] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, read-only memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0096] When the integrated units of the present invention are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores program code, which can be called by a processor to execute the methods described in the above method embodiments. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes electronic memories such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM, hard disk, or ROM. Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium has storage space for program code that executes any of the method steps described above. This program code can be read from or written to one or more computer program products. The program code can be compressed, for example, in an appropriate form.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fusing three-dimensional terrain and geology modeling, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Convert the acquired borehole information into borehole digital information; S2: Establish a unified borehole layering system based on the borehole digital information; S3: Based on the unified borehole layering, construct a three-dimensional geological body model in the geological body module of Supermap; S4: Construct several karst cave models based on the karst cave data in the borehole digital information; S5: Construct individual three-dimensional surface models of each geological layer based on the three-dimensional geological body model, merge them and output as a new geological body model, perform Boolean operations on the new geological body model and the several cave models, and output as the final geological body model.

2. The three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 includes the following steps: A table-based image extraction method is used to convert the text information of the borehole into numerical information; the numerical information is then stored in a preset Excel template and output as borehole numerical information.

3. The three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 includes the following steps: Create a new project in the Supermap data source; The borehole digital information is imported into a pre-set borehole table in a point style; the borehole table settings include spatial information, borehole number, soil and rock information for each layer, and bottom coordinate field; The formation conditions of each borehole in the borehole table are then classified and filtered to extract boreholes with complex formations; wherein, the boreholes with complex formations are those that contain any one or more of the following conditions: missing formations, inverted formations, and repeated formations. Virtual strata insertion is performed on the boreholes in the complex formations to give all boreholes a unified sequence structure and establish a unified borehole stratification.

4. The three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 includes the following steps: S31: Based on the unified borehole stratification sequence, add the borehole data of each stratum as the source dataset, filter out the datasets to participate in the modeling, and sort them according to the actual strata from high to low; wherein, the method of filtering the datasets is: in Supermap, perform the operations of adding source datasets, selecting all source datasets, deselecting source datasets, and removing selected datasets in sequence. S32: In the attribute query, set the geological stratification parameters through SQL expressions, then set the stratum point filtering conditions and color scheme, and construct the geological body according to the hierarchical relationship; wherein, the geological stratification parameters from top to bottom are plain fill, plastic red clay, strongly weathered limestone and moderately weathered limestone.

5. The three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 includes the following steps: S41: Generate a sphere based on the cave data in the borehole digital information, and use the Supermap's instruction rules for inserting random points on the spatial volume to insert random points on the surface of the sphere to shape and generate the shape and size of the cave model; wherein, the instruction rules are: using the existing base points on the surface of the regular body as a reference, establish a mathematical relationship between the base points and the random points, and control the number of random points by controlling the variables in the mathematical relationship. S42: Extract the boundary of the generated cave model. Use the latitude and longitude line scanning method to extract the outer contour of the points. After merging and deduplication, the final interval of the cave model on the X and Y axes is obtained. The output is the complete boundary of the cave model. S43: Sort the set of boundary points using the polar angle sorting method, and then add the first point to the end to obtain a closed set of points; S44: Project the three-dimensional points of the closed point set onto a two-dimensional plane and retain the elevation values, then construct a Delaunay triangulation to form a triangular mesh; remove triangles with an area smaller than a preset threshold, and finally optimize the remaining triangular mesh using the Laplace algorithm, outputting the final triangular mesh model of the current cave model; the final triangular mesh model includes a vertex set and a triangle set.

6. The three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 5, characterized in that, S42 includes the following steps: S421: Using the latitude and longitude scanning method, the maximum and minimum latitude and longitude are obtained with the center of the circle as the origin, respectively obtaining the longitude range ln and the latitude range la; its expression is: in, Longitude range coordinates Coordinates within a latitude range; S422: Define initial extreme values ​​for the X and Y axes based on the longitude range ln and latitude range la; the expression is: Wherein, minmax_x[i] is the Y coordinate interval of the i-th interval on the X-axis, and minmax_y[i] is the X coordinate interval of the i-th interval on the Y-axis; S423: Calculate the corresponding interval of point n; its expression is: Among them, Num x and Num y Let Xn and Yn be the x and y intervals of the cave model on the X and Y axes, respectively, and let Xn and Yn be the x and y coordinates of the nth point in the cave model, respectively. x and y represents the interval width of the X-axis and Y-axis, Xmin and Ymin represent the minimum values ​​of the cave model on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, M represents the number of intervals, and Xmax and Ymax represent the maximum values ​​of the cave model on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. S424: Update the maximum / minimum value; its update rule is: If Xn < minmax_y[Num] x If ].first, then update the minimum value and its index; If Xn > minmax_y[Num] x If the value is .second, then update the maximum value and its index; If Yn < minmax_x[Num y If ].first, then update the minimum value and its index; If Yn > minmax_x[Num y If the value is .second, then update the maximum value and its index; Where *.first is the left endpoint of the interval, and *.second is the right endpoint of the interval; S425: Repeat S423-S424 until all points have been calculated, and output the final interval of the cave model on the X and Y axes as the complete boundary of the cave model.

7. A three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the set of closed points in S43 is: Where C is the coordinate of the centroid of the boundary point set; Num is the total number of points in the boundary point set; Pn is the two-dimensional plane coordinate of the nth point in the boundary point set; i is the index number of the summation symbol; θ n Let x be the polar angle of the nth point Pn relative to the centroid C; n and y n Let X and Y be the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the nth point Pn, respectively; Cx and Cy are the x-coordinates and y-coordinates of the centroid C, respectively; and P is the set of closed points obtained by rearranging them after sorting them in ascending order of polar angle.

8. The three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 7, characterized in that, S5 includes the following steps: S51: Construct the topographic surface, geological surface, adjacent layer, next adjacent layer, cross-geological layer and geological bottom layer respectively, and form a triangular mesh based on the top borehole points of each layer using the Delaunay triangulation method; S52: Obtain individual three-dimensional curved surface models of each geological layer by performing separation calculations between the triangular mesh surface at the top of each layer and the geological body; S53: Merge the individual three-dimensional curved surface models of each layer to obtain a new geological body model; S54: Perform Boolean operations on the newly formed geological body model and the cave model, and output the final geological body model; its expression is: Where F(i) is the final geological model, M 新地质体 (i) is the model of the new geological body, M 溶洞 (i) is a cave model.

9. A three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The separation steps of the individual three-dimensional surface models of each geological layer in S52 are as follows: a) Geological surface Connect all borehole boundaries and stretch to form a solid model M 钻 Using terrain surfaces and M 钻 Perform separation operations to remove invalid parts that extend beyond the terrain surface, resulting in the three-dimensional geological model M. 地质体 Then utilize the neighboring layer C 邻 and three-dimensional geological model M 地质体 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the geological surface layer C. 表 3D surface model and 3D geological body M with surface removed 去表 ; b) Adjacent layer According to M 去表 and C 次邻 Perform a separation operation, and the separation result is the neighboring layer C. 邻 Three-dimensional curved surface model and three-dimensional geological body M with surface and adjacent layers removed 去表邻 ; c) Next nearest neighbor layer According to M 去表邻 and geological stratum C 底 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the next nearest neighbor layer C. 次邻 The three-dimensional curved surface model and the three-dimensional geological body M of the geological subsurface 底 ; d) Geological layer In M 底 In the model, a bottom elevation Z is assigned to the geological stratum, and Z is used in relation to M. 底 Perform a separation operation; the separation result is the geological stratum C. 底 A three-dimensional curved surface model; e) Across geological layers If a soil layer spans an upper layer, then the second layer is defined as the layer spanning the fault C. 跨 Obtain the terrain surface and geological body model M 地质体 ; will C 跨 and M 地质体 Perform a separation operation to obtain C. 表 and M 去表 Finally, C 次邻 and M 去表 Perform separation calculations to obtain the cross-fault C. 跨 A three-dimensional curved surface model.

10. A three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to perform a three-dimensional terrain and geology fusion modeling method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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