A lead-acid storage battery with charge protection and a protection method

Abstract

This invention discloses a lead-acid battery with charging protection and a protection method, relating to the field of lead-acid batteries. It includes a battery inner shell, a protective outer shell fitted onto the outer surface of the inner shell, the protective outer shell being fixedly connected to the inner shell, and a safety top cover inserted into the upper surface of the protective outer shell, the safety top cover being fixedly connected to the protective outer shell, with a charging shell fastened to the upper end of the safety top cover. This application achieves physically controllable switching of the charging connection; in the non-charging state, the charging connector remains separated from the positive and negative terminals of the battery, fundamentally cutting off the charging path and effectively avoiding safety problems such as accidental contact, moisture short circuits, and unauthorized charging, structurally improving the safety of the lead-acid battery in the non-charging state. Furthermore, multiple protective structures are designed for the entire charging process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lead-acid battery technology, specifically to a lead-acid battery with charging protection and a protection method. Background Technology

[0002] Lead-acid batteries are one of the most technologically mature and widely used chemical power sources. Due to their advantages such as low cost, stable discharge performance, and good recyclability, they are widely used in many fields such as backup power for communication base stations, household energy storage power stations, electric vehicles, and emergency power backup.

[0003] Traditional lead-acid batteries typically have their positive and negative terminals exposed for extended periods. During daily use, external cables are directly connected to these terminals, drawing current to the electrical equipment or the main busbar of the battery bank. When periodic recharging is required, operators must first disconnect the existing wiring on the user side, then connect the charging equipment to the positive and negative terminals of the lead-acid battery. After charging is complete, the wiring must be reconnected. This entire process is extremely cumbersome, significantly increasing the workload and time required for unattended base station maintenance. Furthermore, frequent disconnection and reconnection can easily lead to loose terminals, causing excessive contact resistance and overheating, creating long-term safety hazards.

[0004] To address the cumbersome process of disconnecting and reconnecting cables, some lead-acid batteries have a pre-exposed set of exposed charging terminals, allowing for direct charging without disturbing the existing wiring. However, these exposed terminals are prone to accumulating dust and moisture from the air, and are also susceptible to corrosion from acid fumes emanating from the battery. This can easily lead to leakage, short circuits, and, in humid environments, even fires and explosions. Furthermore, traditional lead-acid battery charging lacks temperature monitoring and protection at the charging terminals. When problems such as poor contact, overcharging, or internal short circuits occur during charging, the terminals will overheat abnormally. Operators may struggle to detect these abnormalities in time, potentially leading to thermal runaway, leakage, and explosions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve safe charging and use, this application provides a lead-acid battery with charging protection and a protection method.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] A lead-acid battery with charging protection and a protection method are disclosed, comprising a battery inner shell, a protective outer shell fitted onto the outer surface of the battery inner shell, the protective outer shell being fixedly connected to the battery inner shell, a safety top cover being inserted and installed on the upper end of the protective outer shell, the safety top cover being fixedly connected to the protective outer shell, and a charging shell being fastened to the upper end of the safety top cover, a charging connector being provided in the charging shell, and a control component for adjusting the position of the charging connector being installed in the safety top cover, and two sets of protective components for protecting the outer ends of the charging connector being provided opposite to each other on one side of the charging shell.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the core energy storage structure of the lead-acid battery is protected by a double layer by placing the inner shell of the battery inside the protective shell. This improves the overall impact and compression resistance of the battery and prevents external collisions from damaging the internal structure of the battery, which could lead to leakage, short circuits, and other safety issues. The charging shell is integrated into the top of the safety cover, and the charging connection structure is integrated into the top cover area, eliminating the need for additional exposed charging terminals. The control component can adjust the position of the charging connector, which is only moved down to connect with the internal terminals of the battery when charging is required. In the non-charging state, the charging connector remains disconnected, which can physically cut off the charging path and prevent leakage and short circuits caused by accidental contact or moisture intrusion. The protective component can protect the outer end of the charging connector, i.e., the charging plug insertion area, and seal the charging interface when not charging to prevent dust and moisture from entering the charging connection area, thus improving the safety of the charging process in many ways.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper surface of the battery inner shell is provided with several sets of positioning grooves, and a filling tube is vertically arranged in the positioning grooves. The filling tube is integrally formed with the battery inner shell, and a rubber cap is fitted on the head of the filling tube. Two sets of positioning seats are fixedly installed at both ends on one side of the upper surface of the battery inner shell, and positive metal terminals and negative metal terminals are fixed on the two sets of positioning seats respectively. Both the positive and negative metal terminals are set as right-angle structures, and external connection holes are also provided on the vertical parts of the positive and negative metal terminals.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a positioning groove and a filling tube are set at the upper end of the battery inner shell, which facilitates the filling of electrolyte into the lead-acid battery, meets the needs of electrolyte replenishment during the use of lead-acid batteries, and is compatible with the maintenance requirements of traditional open-type lead-acid batteries. The rubber cap can elastically seal the head of the filling tube to prevent electrolyte leakage during battery handling or shaking, and also prevent external impurities from entering the battery and contaminating the electrolyte. The positioning seat and the positive and negative metal terminals adopt a right-angle structure design, which can meet the needs of daily power supply and series and parallel connection of the battery through the external connection hole of the vertical part without additional modification of the wiring structure, and facilitate the connection of charging connectors through the horizontal part. The charging process does not require disassembling the original wiring, making wiring more convenient and preventing damage or loosening of the wiring used in daily life.

[0011] Furthermore, the protective shell includes a reinforced base plate, an explosion-proof main shell, and a bending top seat. The reinforced base plate is installed on the lower end face of the explosion-proof main shell and is sealed and fixedly connected to the explosion-proof main shell. Buffer pads are fixedly installed on the four corners of the lower end face of the reinforced base plate. The bending top seat is located on one side of the upper end face of the explosion-proof main shell and is integrally formed with the explosion-proof main shell. Two sets of positioning slots are opened on the side of the explosion-proof main shell away from the bending top seat. An external wiring groove is provided in the middle of the bending top seat, and auxiliary slots are opened on the two sides of the bending top seat. Fixing holes communicating with the auxiliary slots are also opened on the upper end face of both ends of the bending top seat.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the protective shell adopts a separate combined structure of a reinforced base plate, an explosion-proof main shell, and a bent top mount. The reinforced base plate is made of high-strength rigid insulating material, and together with the buffer pad corners at the bottom, it can improve the stability of the battery placement, absorb the impact force generated during placement and transportation, and avoid damage to the shell and internal plates. The explosion-proof main shell is made of flame-retardant and explosion-proof insulating plastic, which can prevent fragments from flying when the battery swells due to abnormal heating, prevent the accident from escalating, and improve the overall safety performance. The bent top mount is integrally molded, and the positioning slot can be used with the safety top cover to achieve quick positioning and installation, reducing assembly positioning errors. The external wiring slot can facilitate the passing and organization of external cables used in daily life, keeping the wiring neat. The auxiliary slot and fixing holes can easily lock the safety top cover with bolts, making the installation connection more secure and less prone to loosening.

[0013] Furthermore, the safety top cover includes a main cover plate, a detection head, a locking insert plate, and a bent insert plate that cooperates with the positioning slot. The upper end face of the main cover plate has a central groove for the installation of the control components. The detection head is fixedly installed at one end of the main cover plate, and temperature sensors are installed at the positions where the detection head and the positioning seat are in contact. The locking insert plate is located at both ends of the detection head, and a matching nut is embedded and fixed in the locking insert plate. The bent insert plate is located on both sides of the main cover plate away from the detection head, and the locking insert plate, the bent insert plate, and the main cover plate are integrally formed.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the safety top cover uses a main cover plate to support various functional components. The overall structure is highly integrated and easy to install. The detection head extends into the battery wiring area, and the temperature sensors at both ends can detect the temperature of the positive and negative terminals in real time. If abnormal temperature rise occurs during charging, it can promptly feed back to the controller to cut off charging, avoiding overheating that could lead to explosion and leakage. The locking plate, in conjunction with the nut, allows for easy bolting to lock the entire safety system onto the protective shell. The connection is stable, and disassembly and maintenance are convenient. The bending plate and positioning slot are also compatible.

[0015] Furthermore, the charging case includes a cover and a lower shell portion with an opening on one side. The lower shell portion is installed on the lower end face of the cover and is integrally formed with the cover. The cover has a storage groove for the charging connector to be slidably installed on one side near the opening of the lower shell portion, and a guide rail for the protective component to be slidably installed on the other side of the cover. An anti-detachment block for the limiting protective component is also provided on the outer side of the cover. The guide rail and the anti-detachment block are both fixedly connected to the cover.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the charging shell adopts an integrated structure of the shell cover and the lower shell, which has high structural strength. The storage slot can accommodate the sliding of the charging connector, so that the charging connector can be stored when not charging and extended to connect when charging. The space is used rationally. The guide rail guides the sliding of the protective component, so that the protective component can open and close stably without tilting or jamming. The anti-detachment block can prevent the protective component from detaching from the guide rail during the sliding process, improving the stability and reliability of the structure operation.

[0017] Furthermore, the charging connector includes a double-ended sliding base, a charging wire, and a charging socket. The double-ended sliding base is slidably installed in the storage slot. The charging socket is located in the middle below the guide rail and is embedded and fixed in the lower shell. The two ends of the double-ended sliding base are embedded and fixed with conductive inner sleeves that are connected to the positive and negative metal terminals. The charging wire is connected between the conductive inner sleeves and the charging socket.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the charging connector uses a double-headed sliding base with a charging wire and a charging socket. The two conductive inner sleeves on the double-headed sliding base correspond to the positive and negative metal terminals respectively. Moving the double-headed sliding base can realize the conduction and disconnection between the conductive inner sleeves and the terminals. The structure is simple and the operation is reliable. The conductive inner sleeve is a copper insert with good conductivity and low contact resistance. The charging wire connects the conductive inner sleeve to the external charging socket. Charging can be achieved simply by inserting the external charging plug into the charging socket. There is no need to disassemble the battery and disconnect the original wiring. The charging operation is more convenient and avoids the problems of loose wiring, excessive contact resistance and overheating caused by frequent disconnection and reconnection.

[0019] Furthermore, the dual-headed shifter includes a concave push base, a lower connecting rod, and a safety reset spring. The concave push base is slidably installed in the storage groove. The lower connecting rod is configured as two sets, and the two sets of lower connecting rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the lower end face of the concave push base. One end of the safety reset spring is fixedly connected to the lower connecting rod, and the other end of the safety reset spring is fixedly connected to the cover. A half cover for protecting the concave push base is also fixedly installed on the cover.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the double-headed shifter uses a concave push base combined with two sets of lower connecting rods, which ensures uniform force distribution and smooth movement. The safety reset spring can automatically pull the concave push base to reset when the control component removes the thrust, so that the conductive inner sleeve and the positive and negative terminal connecting pieces are automatically disconnected, realizing automatic power-off after charging is completed. This avoids the problem of battery back discharge caused by forgetting to disconnect the connection after charging is completed. The half cover can protect the sliding area of ​​the concave push base, preventing dust and impurities from entering the sliding gap and causing jamming, ensuring smooth sliding, and extending the service life of the structure.

[0021] Furthermore, the control component includes a starting electric cylinder, a movable push plate, and a guide slide rod. The starting electric cylinder and the guide slide rod are both fixedly installed in the central groove. The guide slide rod is located on both sides of the starting electric cylinder. The movable push plate is fixedly installed at the output end of the starting electric cylinder and is fixedly connected to the concave push seat. The movable push plate is provided with side ear plates on both sides that slide in cooperation with the guide slide rod.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the control component uses a starting electric cylinder as the power source, which matches the voltage level of the lead-acid battery itself, eliminating the need for additional voltage conversion. The guide slide rod, in conjunction with the side ear plates on both sides of the movable push plate, can guide the sliding of the movable push plate, preventing it from tilting or getting stuck, ensuring that the thrust is stably transmitted to the concave push seat, so that the conductive inner sleeve can be accurately aligned with the positive and negative terminal pieces, preventing misalignment and poor contact, and ensuring reliable conductivity.

[0023] Furthermore, the protective assembly includes a protective half-cover, a wire clamping half-tube, and a lower limit plate. The protective half-cover is slidably installed at the lower end of the guide rail. The wire clamping half-tube is integrally formed and installed at the outer end of the protective half-cover. The lower limit plate is vertically fixed at the lower end of the protective half-cover. A guide frame is fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower shell. A lifting slide rod is slidably installed on the guide frame, and a support spring for supporting the lifting slide rod is fixedly installed in the guide frame. A U-shaped clamping frame for clamping the lower limit plate is installed at the head of the lifting slide rod.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the protective component adopts a split two-set protective half-cover structure. When closed, it can completely cover the outer end of the charging socket, preventing dust, moisture, and electrolyte from splashing out and contaminating the charging connection structure when not charging, thus extending the service life of the charging connection structure and reducing the risk of poor contact. The cable clamping half-tube can fit and hold the charging cable after the charging plug is inserted, preventing the charging plug from being pulled off by external force during charging and ensuring the stability of the charging process. The lower limit plate, together with the guide frame, lifting slide rod, support spring, and U-shaped clamping frame, can automatically lock after the two sets of protective half-covers are closed. When it is necessary to open, simply press down the lifting slide rod to release the lock. The operation is convenient, the locking is reliable, and it prevents the protective half-covers from being opened accidentally.

[0025] A method for protecting a lead-acid battery includes the following steps:

[0026] S1. Charging preparation: Press down the lifting slide bar to compress the support spring, which will cause the U-shaped clamp to move down and release the clamping and locking of the lower limit plate of the two protective half-covers. Slide outward to open the protective half-covers to expose the internal charging socket. Insert the charging plug of the external charging device. The wiring preparation can be completed without disassembling the original daily wiring of the battery.

[0027] S2, Charging on: After the wiring is completed, the controller controls the starter cylinder to extend, pushes the movable push plate to move the concave push seat, compresses the safety reset spring, so that the two conductive inner sleeves at the lower end of the concave push seat are respectively put on the positive and negative metal terminals of the battery, and the charging path is opened to start charging.

[0028] S3. Charging monitoring: During the charging process, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the positive and negative terminals in real time. When the temperature exceeds the preset safety threshold of 60℃, the controller controls the electric cylinder to retract and disconnect the charging path, and at the same time sends an alarm signal to the upper device. During the charging process, the two clamping half tubes elastically clamp the charging cable to prevent the plug from being pulled off.

[0029] S4. Reset Standby: After charging is completed, the controller controls the electric cylinder to retract and reset, the safety reset spring drives the concave push seat to reset, the conductive inner sleeve separates from the positive and negative terminal connecting pieces to disconnect the charging path, after the charging plug is pulled out, the protective half cover is pushed and closed, the support spring pushes the lifting slide rod to reset, the U-shaped clamping frame re-clamps and locks the lower limit plate to close the charging socket, and the device returns to the standby state.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] This invention achieves physically controllable on / off switching of the charging connection. In the non-charging state, the charging connector remains separated from the positive and negative terminals of the battery, fundamentally cutting off the charging path. This effectively avoids safety issues such as accidental contact, moisture-induced short circuits, and unauthorized charging, structurally improving the safety of lead-acid batteries in the non-charging state. Furthermore, multiple protective structures are implemented throughout the charging process. A double-layer shell structure enhances the overall impact and explosion resistance of the battery, reducing safety risks from external collisions. A temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the terminals in real time during charging, promptly cutting off the charging path in case of abnormal temperatures. Protective components seal the charging interface to prevent external impurities from corroding the charging connection structure. These multiple protections effectively reduce safety hazards during lead-acid battery charging and improve reliability. Moreover, battery charging is convenient; charging can be completed directly without disassembling the battery's external cables. The charging path is automatically disconnected upon completion, resulting in low maintenance costs and suitability for fixed-installation lead-acid batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Side view of the device shown;

[0035] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A perspective view of the device without the charging case installed.

[0036] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Top view of the device shown;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structure in which the inner battery shell and the protective outer shell of the present invention cooperate. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structure in which the inner battery shell and the protective outer shell of the present invention cooperate. Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Top view of the device shown;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a perspective view of the safety top cover and control components working together in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 A front view of the device shown;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the charging shell and charging connector in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A partial enlarged view of part A of the device shown;

[0044] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A bottom view of the device shown;

[0045] Figure 13 yes Figure 10 Side view of the device shown;

[0046] Figure 14 This is a perspective view of the protective component in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Battery inner shell; 11. Positioning slot; 12. Rubber cap; 13. Positioning seat; 131. Positive metal connector; 132. Negative metal connector; 133. External connection hole; 2. Protective outer shell; 21. Reinforced base plate; 22. Explosion-proof main shell; 221. Positioning slot; 23. Bending top seat; 231. External wiring slot; 232. Auxiliary slot; 233. Fixing hole; 3. Safety top cover; 31. Main cover plate; 311. Middle slot; 32. Detection head; 321. Temperature sensor; 33. Locking plate; 331. Matching nut; 34. Bending plate; 4. Charging shell; 41. Shell 411. Cover; 412. Guide rail; 413. Anti-detachment block; 414. Half cover; 42. Lower shell; 421. Storage slot; 43. Guide frame; 431. Support spring; 44. Lifting slide rod; 45. U-shaped clamping frame; 5. Charging connector; 51. Double-headed sliding seat; 510. Conductive inner sleeve; 511. Concave push seat; 512. Lower connecting rod; 513. Safety reset tension spring; 52. Charging wire; 53. Charging socket; 6. Control component; 61. Starting cylinder; 62. Movable push plate; 63. Guide slide rod; 7. Protective component; 71. Protective half cover; 72. Wire clamping half tube; 73. Lower limit plate. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7A lead-acid battery with charging protection includes a battery inner shell 1, a protective outer shell 2 fitted on the outer surface of the battery inner shell 1, the protective outer shell 2 being fixedly connected to the battery inner shell 1, a safety top cover 3 inserted into the upper end of the protective outer shell 2, the safety top cover 3 being fixedly connected to the protective outer shell 2, and a charging shell 4 being fastened to the upper end of the safety top cover 3, a charging connector 5 being provided in the charging shell 4, and a control component 6 for adjusting the position of the charging connector 5 being installed in the safety top cover 3, and two sets of protective components 7 for the outer ends of the charging connector 5 being provided opposite each other on one side of the charging shell 4. By placing the inner battery casing 1 inside the protective outer casing 2, a double-layer protection is formed for the core energy storage structure of the lead-acid battery, improving the overall impact and compression resistance of the battery and preventing external collisions from damaging the internal structure of the battery, which could lead to leakage, short circuits, and other safety issues. The charging casing 4 is integrated on the top of the safety top cover 3, integrating the charging connection structure into the top cover area, eliminating the need for additional exposed charging terminals. The control component 6 can adjust the position of the charging connector 5, which is only moved down to connect with the internal terminals of the battery when charging is required. In the non-charging state, the charging connector 5 remains disconnected, physically cutting off the charging path and preventing leakage and short circuits caused by accidental contact or moisture intrusion. The protective component 7 can protect the outer end of the charging connector 5, i.e., the charging plug insertion area, and seal the charging interface when not charging to prevent dust and moisture from entering the charging connection area, thus improving the safety of the charging process in multiple ways. The upper surface of the battery inner shell 1 is provided with several sets of positioning grooves 11. A filling tube is vertically arranged in the positioning groove 11. The filling tube is integrally formed with the battery inner shell 1, and a rubber cap 12 is fitted on the head of the filling tube. Two sets of positioning seats 13 are fixedly installed at both ends on one side of the upper surface of the battery inner shell 1. A positive metal connector 131 and a negative metal connector 132 are fixed on the two sets of positioning seats 13 respectively. Both the positive metal connector 131 and the negative metal connector 132 are set as right-angle structures. An external connection hole 133 is also provided on the vertical part of the positive metal connector 131 and the negative metal connector 132. The external connection hole 133 facilitates the series and parallel connection of external cables or power supply. The horizontal part of the right-angle structure facilitates the plug-in connection of the charging connector 5.A positioning groove 11 and a filling tube are provided at the upper end of the inner shell 1 of the battery, which facilitates the filling of electrolyte into the lead-acid battery, meets the needs of electrolyte replenishment during the use of lead-acid batteries, and is compatible with the maintenance requirements of traditional open-type lead-acid batteries. The rubber cap 12 can elastically seal the head of the filling tube to prevent electrolyte leakage during battery handling or shaking, and also prevent external impurities from entering the battery and contaminating the electrolyte. The positioning seat 13 and the positive and negative metal terminals 132 adopt a right-angle structure design. The vertical part of the external connection hole 133 can meet the needs of daily power supply and series and parallel connection of the battery without additional modification of the wiring structure. The horizontal part can facilitate the connection of the charging connector 5. The charging process does not require disassembling the original wiring, making wiring more convenient and preventing damage or loosening of the wiring used in daily life.

[0050] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The protective housing 2 includes a reinforcing base plate 21, an explosion-proof main housing 22, and a bending top seat 23. The reinforcing base plate 21 is installed on the lower end face of the explosion-proof main housing 22 and is sealed and fixedly connected to the explosion-proof main housing 22. Buffer pads are fixedly installed on the four corners of the lower end face of the reinforcing base plate 21. The bending top seat 23 is located on one side of the upper end face of the explosion-proof main housing 22 and is integrally formed with the explosion-proof main housing 22. Two sets of positioning slots 221 are opened on the side of the explosion-proof main housing 22 away from the bending top seat 23. An external wiring slot 231 is provided in the middle of the bending top seat 23, and auxiliary slots 232 are opened on the two sides of the bending top seat 23. Fixing holes 233 communicating with the auxiliary slots 232 are also opened on the upper end face of both ends of the bending top seat 23. The protective casing 2 adopts a split-combination structure of a reinforced base plate 21, an explosion-proof main casing 22, and a bent top mount 23. The reinforced base plate 21 is made of high-strength rigid insulating material, and with the buffer pad corners at the bottom, it can improve the stability of the battery placement, absorb the impact force generated during placement and transportation, and avoid damage to the casing and internal plates. The explosion-proof main casing 22 is made of flame-retardant and explosion-proof insulating plastic, which can prevent fragments from flying when the battery swells due to abnormal heating, prevent the accident from escalating, and improve the overall safety performance. The bent top mount 23 is integrally molded, and the positioning slot 221 can be used with the safety top cover 3 to achieve quick positioning and installation, reducing assembly positioning errors. The external wiring slot 231 allows for easy passage and organization of external cables used in daily life, keeping the wiring neat. The auxiliary slot 232, together with the fixing hole 233, can easily bolt and lock the safety top cover 3, making the installation connection more secure and less prone to loosening.

[0051] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9The safety top cover 3 includes a main cover plate 31, a detection head 32, a locking plate 33, and a bent plate 34 that cooperates with the positioning slot 221. The upper end surface of the main cover plate 31 has a central groove 311 for the installation of the control component 6. The detection head 32 is fixedly installed at one end of the main cover plate 31, and temperature sensors 321 are installed at the positions where the detection head 32 and the positioning seat 13 are in contact. The locking plate 33 is set at both ends of the detection head 32, and a matching nut 331 is embedded and fixed in the locking plate 33. The bent plate 34 is set on both sides of the main cover plate 31 away from the detection head 32, and the locking plate 33, the bent plate 34 and the main cover plate 31 are integrally formed. The safety top cover 3 uses a main cover plate 31 to support various functional components. The overall structure is highly integrated and easy to install. The detection head 32 extends into the battery wiring area, and the temperature sensors 321 set at both ends can detect the temperature of the positive and negative terminals in real time. If abnormal temperature rise occurs during charging, it can promptly feed back to the controller to cut off charging and prevent overheating from causing an explosion or leakage. The PT100 patch-type temperature sensor 321 has high accuracy and small size, making it very suitable for installation in this position. The locking plate 33, in conjunction with the nut 331, allows for easy bolting to lock the entire safety unit onto the protective shell 2. The connection is stable and easy to disassemble and maintain. The bending plate 34 and the positioning slot 221 work together to achieve rapid positioning during installation, improving assembly efficiency and reducing assembly errors.

[0052] Reference Figure 10 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 The charging case 4 includes a cover 41 and a lower shell portion 42 with an opening on one side. The lower shell portion 42 is installed on the lower end face of the cover 41 and is integrally formed with the cover 41. The cover 41 is provided with a storage groove 421 for the charging connector 5 to be slidably installed on the side near the opening of the lower shell portion 42. The other side of the cover 41 is provided with a guide rail 411 for the protective component 7 to be slidably installed. The outer surface of the cover 41 is also provided with an anti-detachment block 412 for the limiting protective component 7. The guide rail 411 and the anti-detachment block 412 are both fixedly connected to the cover 41. The charging case 4 adopts an integrated structure of the cover 41 and the lower shell 42, which has high structural strength. The storage groove 421 can accommodate the sliding of the charging connector 5, so that the charging connector 5 can be stored when not charging and extended to connect when charging, making reasonable use of space. The guide rail 411 guides the sliding of the protective component 7, so that the protective component 7 can open and close stably without tilting or jamming. The anti-detachment block 412 can prevent the protective component 7 from detaching from the guide rail 411 during the sliding process, improving the stability and reliability of the structure operation.

[0053] Reference Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13The charging connector 5 includes a double-ended sliding base 51, a charging cable 52, and a charging socket 53. The double-ended sliding base 51 is slidably installed in the storage groove 421. The charging socket 53 is located in the middle of the guide rail 411 and is embedded and fixed in the lower shell 42. The two ends of the double-ended sliding base 51 are embedded and fixed with conductive inner sleeves 510 that are connected to the positive metal terminal 131 and the negative metal terminal 132. The charging cable 52 is connected between the conductive inner sleeve 510 and the charging socket 53. The charging connector 5 adopts a structure of double-headed sliding base 51, charging wire 52, and charging socket 53. The two conductive inner sleeves 510 on the double-headed sliding base 51 correspond to the positive and negative metal connecting pieces 132, respectively. Moving the double-headed sliding base 51 can realize the conduction and disconnection between the conductive inner sleeves 510 and the connecting pieces. The structure is simple and the operation is reliable. The conductive inner sleeves 510 are copper inserts with good conductivity and low contact resistance. The charging wire 52 connects the conductive inner sleeves 510 and the external charging socket 53. Charging can be achieved simply by inserting the external charging plug into the charging socket 53. There is no need to disassemble the battery and disconnect the original wiring. The charging operation is more convenient and avoids the problems of loose wiring, excessive contact resistance and overheating caused by frequent disconnection and reconnection of wiring. The double-headed shifter 51 includes a concave pusher 511, a lower connecting rod 512, and a safety reset spring 513. The concave pusher 511 is slidably installed in the storage groove 421. The lower connecting rod 512 is configured as two sets, and the two sets of lower connecting rods 512 are fixedly installed on both sides of the lower end face of the concave pusher 511. One end of the safety reset spring 513 is fixedly connected to the lower connecting rod 512, and the other end of the safety reset spring 513 is fixedly connected to the cover 41. A half cover 413 for protecting the concave pusher 511 is also fixedly installed on the cover 41. The double-headed sliding seat 51 adopts a structure with a concave push seat 511 and two sets of lower connecting rods 512, which ensures uniform force distribution and smooth movement. The safety reset spring 513 can automatically pull the concave push seat 511 to reset when the control component 6 removes the thrust, so that the conductive inner sleeve 510 and the positive and negative terminal connecting pieces are automatically disconnected, realizing automatic power-off after charging is completed. This avoids the problem of battery back discharge caused by forgetting to disconnect the connection after charging is completed. The half cover 413 can protect the sliding area of ​​the concave push seat 511, preventing dust and impurities from entering the sliding gap and causing jamming, ensuring smooth sliding and extending the service life of the structure.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The control component 6 includes a starting electric cylinder 61, a movable push plate 62, and a guide slide rod 63. The starting electric cylinder 61 and the guide slide rod 63 are both fixedly installed in the central groove 311. The guide slide rod 63 is arranged on both sides of the starting electric cylinder 61. The movable push plate 62 is fixedly installed at the output end of the starting electric cylinder 61 and is fixedly connected to the concave push seat 511. The movable push plate 62 has side ear plates on both sides that slide with the guide slide rod 63. The control component 6 uses a starting electric cylinder 61 as the power source. It is a miniature DC linear electric cylinder with a stroke of 50-80mm and a thrust of 50-100N. The power supply voltage is 12V / 24V, which matches the voltage level of the lead-acid battery itself. No additional voltage conversion is required, making it easy to control and low in cost. The guide slide rod 63, together with the side ears on both sides of the movable push plate 62, can guide the sliding of the movable push plate 62, preventing the movable push plate 62 from tilting or getting stuck. This ensures that the thrust is stably transmitted to the concave push seat 511, so that the conductive inner sleeve 510 can be accurately aligned with the positive and negative terminal pieces, without misalignment or poor contact, ensuring reliable conduction.

[0055] Reference Figure 14 The protective assembly 7 includes a protective half-cover 71, a wire clamping half-tube 72, and a lower limit plate 73. The protective half-cover 71 is slidably installed at the lower end of the guide rail 411. The wire clamping half-tube 72 is integrally formed and installed at the outer end of the protective half-cover 71. The lower limit plate 73 is vertically fixed at the lower end of the protective half-cover 71. A guide frame 43 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower shell 42. A lifting slide rod 44 is slidably installed on the guide frame 43, and a support spring 431 supporting the lifting slide rod 44 is fixedly installed in the guide frame 43. A U-shaped clamping frame 45 is installed at the head of the lifting slide rod 44 to clamp the lower limit plate 73. The lower limit plate 73 at both ends is clamped by the U-shaped clamping frame 45, thereby achieving the purpose of stably fastening the two sets of protective assemblies 7 together. The protective component 7 adopts a split structure of two sets of protective half-covers 71. When closed, it can completely cover the outer end of the charging socket 53, preventing dust, moisture, and electrolyte from splashing out and contaminating the charging connection structure when not charging, thus extending the service life of the charging connection structure and reducing the risk of poor contact. The cable clamping half tube 72 can clamp the charging cable after the charging plug is inserted, preventing the charging plug from being pulled off by external force during charging and ensuring the stability of the charging process. The lower limit plate 73, together with the guide frame 43, the lifting slide rod 44, the support spring 431, and the U-shaped clamping frame 45, can automatically lock after the two sets of protective half-covers 71 are closed. When it is necessary to open, simply press down the lifting slide rod 44 to unlock. The operation is convenient, the locking is reliable, and it prevents the protective half-covers 71 from being opened accidentally.

[0056] The lead-acid battery with charging protection in this embodiment has the overall structure described in the above technical solution. The explosion-proof main shell 22 of the protective shell 2 is made of flame-retardant ABS plastic with a thickness of 4mm and a flame-retardant rating of V-0, which meets the requirements for explosion-proof insulation. The reinforcing base plate 21 is made of epoxy resin insulating board with a thickness of 6mm, which has high strength and good insulation performance. The buffer pad corners are made of nitrile rubber with a hardness of Shore A60, which has a good buffering and energy absorption effect. The inner shell 1 of the battery is made of PP plastic, which has excellent resistance to electrolyte corrosion.

[0057] Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the temperature sensor 321 is a PT100 surface-mount platinum resistance temperature sensor with a measurement range of -20℃ to 150℃ and an accuracy of 0.1℃. Its small size makes it suitable for mounting inside the detection head 32, and it can accurately capture temperature changes at the terminals. The starting electric cylinder 61 is an FY017 miniature DC linear electric cylinder with a stroke of 60mm, a rated thrust of 80N, and a rated operating voltage of 24V. It is compatible with the power supply requirements of conventional 12V / 24V lead-acid batteries and uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the extension stroke, achieving a control accuracy of 1mm to meet position adjustment requirements. The controller used for overall control is an STM32F103C8T6 miniature single-chip microcontroller, which is small in size, has sufficient computing power to meet the requirements of temperature monitoring and motion control, and is low in cost, making it suitable for mass application.

[0058] Working principle: During installation, first insert the assembled battery inner shell 1 with the plate structure into the explosion-proof main shell 22 of the protective shell 2, so that the lower end of the battery inner shell 1 rests on the reinforced base plate 21. Then, align the bent insert plate 34 of the safety top cover 3 with the positioning slot 221 of the protective shell 2 and insert it. Align the locking insert plate 33 with the auxiliary slot 232 of the bent top seat 23 and insert it. Then, use M4 bolts to screw the mating nut 331 into the fixing hole 233 to fix the safety top cover 3. Then, fix the charging shell 4, which has been pre-assembled with the charging connector 5, control component 6 and protective component 7, on the upper end of the safety top cover 3. The movable push plate 62 of the control component 6 is fixedly connected to the concave push seat 511 by bolts to complete the overall assembly.

[0059] In the non-charging state, the starting cylinder 61 of the control component 6 is in a retracted state, and the safety reset spring 513 pulls the concave push seat 511 to the outer end of the receiving groove 421. The conductive inner sleeve 510 at the lower end of the double-headed shift seat 51 is separated from the positive metal terminal piece 131 and the negative metal terminal piece 132 on the inner shell of the battery, physically disconnecting the charging path and preventing leakage and short circuit. At the same time, the protective half-covers 71 of the two sets of protective components 7 are in a closed state, and the support spring 431 pushes the lifting slide rod 44, causing the U-shaped clamping frame 45 to move up and clamp the lower limit plate 73 of the two protective half-covers 71, completely sealing the charging socket 53 and preventing external dust, water vapor, and acid mist from entering the charging connection area and corroding the charging structure.

[0060] When charging is required, the operator first presses down the lifting slide bar 44, compressing the support spring 431. The U-shaped clamp 45 moves down with the lifting slide bar 44, releasing the clamping lock on the two lower limit plates 73. The two protective half covers 71 are slid outward to open the opening on the outside of the charging shell 4, revealing the internal charging socket 53. Then, the charging plug of the external charging device is inserted into the charging socket 53 to complete the wiring preparation before charging. The whole process does not require disassembling the original wiring used by the battery, making the operation very convenient.

[0061] After the charging connection is completed, the controller controls the starter cylinder 61 to extend. The starter cylinder 61 pushes the movable push plate 62 to move along the guide slide rod 63 towards the inside of the battery. The movable push plate 62 drives the concave push seat 511 to move synchronously, compressing the safety reset spring 513. This causes the two conductive inner sleeves 510 at the lower end of the concave push seat 511 to be respectively fitted onto the transverse portions of the positive metal terminal piece 131 and the negative metal terminal piece 132, thus achieving physical connection of the charging path, and normal charging can begin.

[0062] During charging, two temperature sensors 321 inside the detection head 32 continuously monitor the temperature of the positive and negative metal terminals 131 and transmit the temperature signals to the controller. When the detected temperature exceeds the preset safety threshold of 60℃, the controller immediately controls the starting cylinder 61 to retract, causing the charging connector 5 to reset and disconnect the charging path. Simultaneously, an alarm signal is sent to the upper-level monitoring equipment to remind operators to perform maintenance and prevent thermal runaway or other safety accidents caused by abnormal overheating. During charging, the charging plug cable passes between the two clamping half-tubes 72. The inner side of the clamping half-tubes 72 elastically clamps the charging cable to prevent the charging plug from being pulled off by external force during charging, ensuring stable charging.

[0063] After charging is complete, the controller controls the starting cylinder 61 to retract and reset, the safety reset spring 513 pulls the concave push seat 511 to reset, the conductive inner sleeve 510 separates from the positive and negative terminal pieces, physically disconnecting the charging path. Then the operator unplugs the charging plug, pushes the two protective half covers 71 inward to close, the lower limit plate 73 is pushed into the U-shaped clamp 45, the support spring 431 presses against the lifting slide rod 44, the U-shaped clamp 45 re-clamps the lower limit plate 73 to complete the locking, the charging socket 53 is re-closed, and the device returns to the non-charging standby state, completing the entire charging process.

[0064] A method for protecting a lead-acid battery includes the following steps:

[0065] S1. Charging preparation: Press down the lifting slide bar to compress the support spring, which will cause the U-shaped clamp to move down and release the clamping and locking of the lower limit plate of the two protective half-covers. Slide outward to open the protective half-covers to expose the internal charging socket. Insert the charging plug of the external charging device. The wiring preparation can be completed without disassembling the original daily wiring of the battery.

[0066] S2, Charging on: After the wiring is completed, the controller controls the starter cylinder to extend, pushes the movable push plate to move the concave push seat, compresses the safety reset spring, so that the two conductive inner sleeves at the lower end of the concave push seat are respectively put on the positive and negative metal terminals of the battery, and the charging path is opened to start charging.

[0067] S3. Charging monitoring: During the charging process, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the positive and negative terminals in real time. When the temperature exceeds the preset safety threshold of 60℃, the controller controls the electric cylinder to retract and disconnect the charging path, and at the same time sends an alarm signal to the upper device. During the charging process, the two clamping half tubes elastically clamp the charging cable to prevent the plug from being pulled off.

[0068] S4. Reset Standby: After charging is completed, the controller controls the electric cylinder to retract and reset, the safety reset spring drives the concave push seat to reset, the conductive inner sleeve separates from the positive and negative terminal connecting pieces to disconnect the charging path, after the charging plug is pulled out, the protective half cover is pushed and closed, the support spring pushes the lifting slide rod to reset, the U-shaped clamping frame re-clamps and locks the lower limit plate to close the charging socket, and the device returns to the standby state.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lead-acid battery with charging protection, comprising a battery inner shell (1), characterized in that: A protective shell (2) is fitted onto the outer surface of the inner shell (1) of the battery. The protective shell (2) is fixedly connected to the inner shell (1) of the battery. A safety top cover (3) is inserted into the upper surface of the protective shell (2). The safety top cover (3) is fixedly connected to the protective shell (2). A charging shell (4) is fastened to the upper end of the safety top cover (3). A charging connector (5) is provided in the charging shell (4). A control component (6) for adjusting the position of the charging connector (5) is installed in the safety top cover (3). Two sets of protective components (7) for the outer ends of the protective charging connector (5) are also provided on one side of the charging shell (4).

2. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end face of the battery inner shell (1) is provided with several sets of positioning grooves (11). A filling tube is vertically arranged in the positioning groove (11). The filling tube is integrally formed with the battery inner shell (1), and a rubber cap (12) is sleeved on the head of the filling tube. Two sets of positioning seats (13) are fixedly installed at both ends on one side of the upper end face of the battery inner shell (1). A positive metal terminal piece (131) and a negative metal terminal piece (132) are fixed on the two sets of positioning seats (13), respectively. The positive metal terminal piece (131) and the negative metal terminal piece (132) are both set as right-angle structures. An external connection hole (133) is also provided on the vertical part of the positive metal terminal piece (131) and the negative metal terminal piece (132).

3. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protective housing (2) includes a reinforcing base plate (21), an explosion-proof main housing (22), and a bending top seat (23). The reinforcing base plate (21) is installed on the lower end face of the explosion-proof main housing (22), and the reinforcing base plate (21) is sealed and fixedly connected to the explosion-proof main housing (22). Buffer pads are fixedly installed on the four corners of the lower end face of the reinforcing base plate (21). The bending top seat (23) is located on one side of the upper end face of the explosion-proof main housing (22), and the bending top seat... (23) It is integrally formed with the explosion-proof main shell (22). The explosion-proof main shell (22) has two sets of positioning slots (221) on the side away from the bending top seat (23). The bending top seat (23) has an external wiring slot (231) in the middle. The bending top seat (23) has auxiliary slots (232) on both sides. The upper surfaces of both ends of the bending top seat (23) also have fixing holes (233) that communicate with the auxiliary slots (232).

4. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 3, characterized in that, The safety top cover (3) includes a main cover plate (31), a detection head (32), a locking plate (33), and a bent plate (34) that cooperates with the positioning slot (221). The upper surface of the main cover plate (31) is provided with a central groove (311) for the installation of the control component (6). The detection head (32) is fixedly installed at one end of the main cover plate (31), and temperature sensors (321) are installed at the positions where the two ends of the detection head (32) are in contact with the positioning seat (13). The locking plate (33) is set at both ends of the detection head (32), and a matching nut (331) is embedded and fixed in the locking plate (33). The bent plate (34) is set on both sides of the main cover plate (31) away from the detection head (32), and the locking plate (33), the bent plate (34), and the main cover plate (31) are integrally formed.

5. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 4, characterized in that, The charging case (4) includes a case cover (41) and a lower case part (42) with an opening on one side. The lower case part (42) is installed on the lower end face of the case cover (41) and the lower case part (42) is integrally formed with the case cover (41). The case cover (41) is provided with a storage groove (421) for the charging connector (5) to be slidably installed on one side near the opening of the lower case part (42). The other side of the case cover (41) is provided with a guide rail (411) for the protective component (7) to be slidably installed. The outer side of the case cover (41) is also provided with an anti-detachment block (412) for the limit protective component (7). The guide rail (411) and the anti-detachment block (412) are both fixedly connected to the case cover (41).

6. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 5, characterized in that, The charging connector (5) includes a double-headed sliding base (51), a charging wire (52), and a charging socket (53). The double-headed sliding base (51) is slidably installed in the storage slot (421). The charging socket (53) is located in the middle of the guide rail (411) and is embedded and fixed in the lower shell (42). The two ends of the double-headed sliding base (51) are embedded and fixed with conductive inner sleeves (510) that are connected to the positive metal contact piece (131) and the negative metal contact piece (132). The charging wire (52) is connected between the conductive inner sleeve (510) and the charging socket (53).

7. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The double-headed sliding seat (51) includes a concave push seat (511), a lower connecting rod (512), and a safety reset spring (513). The concave push seat (511) is slidably installed in the storage groove (421). The lower connecting rod (512) is configured as two sets, and the two sets of lower connecting rods (512) are fixedly installed on both sides of the lower end face of the concave push seat (511). One end of the safety reset spring (513) is fixedly connected to the lower connecting rod (512), and the other end of the safety reset spring (513) is fixedly connected to the cover (41). A half cover (413) for protecting the concave push seat (511) is also fixedly installed on the cover (41).

8. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control component (6) includes a starting electric cylinder (61), a movable push plate (62), and a guide slide rod (63). The starting electric cylinder (61) and the guide slide rod (63) are both fixedly installed in the middle groove (311). The guide slide rod (63) is arranged on both sides of the starting electric cylinder (61). The movable push plate (62) is fixedly installed at the output end of the starting electric cylinder (61), and the movable push plate (62) is fixedly connected to the concave push seat (511). The movable push plate (62) has side ear plates on both sides that slide with the guide slide rod (63).

9. A lead-acid battery with charging protection according to claim 8, characterized in that, The protective assembly (7) includes a protective half cover (71), a wire clamping half tube (72), and a lower limit plate (73). The protective half cover (71) is slidably installed at the lower end of the guide rail (411). The wire clamping half tube (72) is integrally formed and installed at the outer end of the protective half cover (71). The lower limit plate (73) is vertically fixed at the lower end of the protective half cover (71). A guide frame (43) is fixedly installed on the outer side of the lower shell (42). A lifting slide rod (44) is slidably installed on the guide frame (43), and a support spring (431) supporting the lifting slide rod (44) is fixedly installed in the guide frame (43). A U-shaped clamping frame (45) for clamping the lower limit plate (73) is installed at the head of the lifting slide rod (44).

10. A method for protecting a lead-acid battery as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Charging preparation: Press down the lifting slide bar to compress the support spring, which will cause the U-shaped clamp to move down and release the clamping and locking of the lower limit plate of the two protective half-covers. Slide outward to open the protective half-covers to expose the internal charging socket. Insert the charging plug of the external charging device. The wiring preparation can be completed without disassembling the original daily wiring of the battery. S2, Charging on: After the wiring is completed, the controller controls the starter cylinder to extend, pushes the movable push plate to move the concave push seat, compresses the safety reset spring, so that the two conductive inner sleeves at the lower end of the concave push seat are respectively put on the positive and negative metal terminals of the battery, and the charging path is opened to start charging. S3. Charging monitoring: During the charging process, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the positive and negative terminals in real time. When the temperature exceeds the preset safety threshold of 60℃, the controller controls the electric cylinder to retract and disconnect the charging path, and at the same time sends an alarm signal to the upper device. During the charging process, the two clamping half tubes elastically clamp the charging cable to prevent the plug from being pulled off. S4. Reset Standby: After charging is completed, the controller controls the electric cylinder to retract and reset, the safety reset spring drives the concave push seat to reset, the conductive inner sleeve separates from the positive and negative terminal connecting pieces to disconnect the charging path, after the charging plug is pulled out, the protective half cover is pushed and closed, the support spring pushes the lifting slide rod to reset, the U-shaped clamping frame re-clamps and locks the lower limit plate to close the charging socket, and the device returns to the standby state.

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