Battery module, battery module thermal runaway suppression method, and application

Abstract

The application provides a battery module, a battery module thermal runaway inhibition method and application. The battery module comprises a composite barrier material layer, a liquid cooling plate and a single battery; the composite barrier material layer is located between adjacent single batteries, and the composite barrier material layer comprises a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; the liquid cooling plate is located in a local area of the battery module, and an included angle between a flow channel of the liquid cooling plate and a surface of the liquid cooling plate is greater than 0 degrees. The battery module and the battery module thermal runaway inhibition method can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively inhibit thermal runaway of the battery module through the synergistic effect of the composite barrier material and the liquid cooling plate with the inclined flow channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lithium battery thermal safety technology, specifically relating to a battery module and a method for suppressing thermal runaway of the battery module, which is applicable to the thermal safety management of lithium battery modules in scenarios such as electric vehicles and energy storage power stations. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used due to their high energy density, but thermal runaway remains a significant safety hazard. Thermal runaway can be caused by mechanical, electrical, or thermal abuse. If thermal runaway from a single cell propagates to the entire battery module, it can trigger a chain reaction, releasing large amounts of heat and toxic gases, potentially leading to fires or explosions. Current technologies often employ barrier materials (such as aerogels and phase change materials) and liquid cooling systems to suppress thermal runaway, but these methods still have limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve existing battery module heat dissipation methods, block the propagation of thermal runaway, enhance battery heat dissipation capabilities, and improve battery safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art to a certain extent. To this end, this invention provides a battery module heat dissipation method and application for suppressing thermal runaway in battery modules. The battery module of this invention, through the synergistic effect of a composite barrier material and a liquid cooling plate with an inclined flow channel, can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress thermal runaway.

[0004] Therefore, in a first aspect of the present invention, a battery module is provided, comprising: a composite barrier material layer, a liquid cooling plate, and a single battery cell; the composite barrier material layer is located between adjacent single batteries cell, and the composite barrier material layer includes a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; the liquid cooling plate is located in a local area of ​​the battery module, and the angle between the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is >0°.

[0005] Therefore, the battery module of the present invention can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery module through the synergistic effect of composite barrier material and liquid cooling plate with inclined flow channel.

[0006] In some embodiments, the heat insulation layer includes nano-ceramic fibers, silica aerogel; and / or, the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 1 to 3 mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.15 W / (m·K).

[0007] In some embodiments, the heat dissipation layer is located on the surface of the heat insulation layer and has a thickness of 2 to 3 mm; and / or, the heat dissipation layer includes a flame-retardant composite phase change material, which includes paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate, with a mass percentage of (60 to 70): (20 to 30): (5 to 10).

[0008] In some embodiments, the angle between the flow channel and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is 25-30°, the flow channel width is 3-7 mm, and the flow channel thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm.

[0009] In some embodiments, the local area includes the tab area of ​​the battery module or the surface of the connecting piece.

[0010] In some embodiments, the battery module further includes a temperature sensor located on the tabs of the battery module, the surface of a single cell, or the surface of the module battery.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention proposes a method for suppressing thermal runaway in a battery module, comprising the following steps: providing a composite barrier material layer between adjacent individual cells of the battery module, the composite barrier material layer including a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; and providing a liquid cooling plate in a local area of ​​the battery module, wherein the angle between the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is >0°.

[0012] Therefore, the present invention can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0013] In some embodiments, the battery module thermal runaway suppression method satisfies at least one of the following: (1) the heat insulation layer comprises nano-ceramic fibers and silica aerogel; the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 1-3 mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.15 W / (m·K); (2) the heat dissipation layer comprises a flame-retardant composite phase change material, the flame-retardant composite phase change material comprises paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate, with a mass percentage of (60-70):(20-30):(5-10); the heat dissipation layer is located on the surface of the heat insulation layer and has a thickness of 2-3 mm. m; (3) The flow channel inclination angle of the liquid cooling plate is 25-30°, the flow channel width is 3-7mm, and the flow channel thickness is 0.8-1.2mm; (4) The coolant of the liquid cooling plate includes a water-based solution, and the coolant inlet temperature is 23-27℃; when the temperature of the local area is <80℃, the flow rate is adjusted to 0.003-0.005kg / s; when the temperature of the local area is ≥80℃, the flow rate is adjusted to 0.005kg / s; (5) The local area includes the electrode area of ​​the battery module or the contact surface of the connecting piece.

[0014] In some embodiments, the battery module thermal runaway suppression method further includes: real-time monitoring of the temperature of the battery module and dynamic adjustment of the coolant flow rate of the liquid cooling plate based on the temperature data; the device for real-time monitoring of the battery module temperature includes a temperature sensor disposed on the tabs of the battery module, the surface of the individual cells, and the surface of the module cells.

[0015] In a third aspect, the present invention proposes the application of a battery module, or a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery module, in the thermal safety management of lithium battery modules.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0017] (1) The composite barrier material layer of the present invention has heat insulation and heat dissipation functions. The heat insulation layer blocks heat transfer, and the heat dissipation layer absorbs heat and delays temperature rise, thus solving the problem of insufficient performance of single materials.

[0018] (2) The inclined flow channel design of the present invention matches the local temperature gradient direction. Experiments show that its heat dissipation efficiency is 18.9% higher than that of the traditional DC type, and the temperature standard deviation is reduced by 10-20%.

[0019] (3) The liquid cooling plate of the present invention preferentially covers the high-risk tab area, which can effectively suppress local heat accumulation caused by loose connecting pieces or high-rate charging and discharging.

[0020] (4) This invention optimizes material performance (nano-ceramic fiber + silica aerogel insulation layer, flame-retardant phase change heat dissipation layer), innovates flow channel design (tilt angle matches heat flow direction) and intelligent control (dynamic flow regulation). The barrier layer, heat dissipation layer and liquid cooling plate form a triple protection system of "barrier-absorption-heat dissipation", which significantly improves the thermal safety performance of the battery module, blocks the propagation of thermal runaway, and achieves precise temperature control.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling plate structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0027] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0028] In this document, the terms “comprising” or “including” are open-ended expressions, meaning that they include the contents specified in this invention, but do not exclude other aspects.

[0029] In existing technologies, barrier materials (such as aerogels and phase change materials) and liquid cooling systems are used to suppress thermal runaway, but some shortcomings remain. First, the performance of individual materials is limited. While insulating materials (such as aerogels) can block heat transfer, they may lead to heat accumulation within the module. Heat dissipation materials (such as phase change materials) used alone are insufficient to completely block the propagation of thermal runaway. Second, localized overheating results in low heat dissipation efficiency. Loose battery terminal connections and other localized overheating issues can easily lead to severe heat accumulation. Traditional liquid cooling plates, due to their simple flow channel design (such as DC-type), have insufficient heat dissipation efficiency, resulting in uneven temperature distribution and potentially accelerating thermal runaway. Finally, there is insufficient synergy. In existing technologies, barrier materials and heat dissipation systems are mostly designed independently, lacking synergistic optimization, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve heat barrier and rapid heat dissipation. Therefore, it is urgent to improve existing battery module heat dissipation methods to block the propagation of thermal runaway, improve battery heat dissipation capacity, and enhance battery safety.

[0030] Therefore, in a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a battery module, comprising: a composite barrier material layer, a liquid cooling plate, and a single battery cell; the composite barrier material layer is located between adjacent single batteries cell, and the composite barrier material layer includes a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; the liquid cooling plate is located in a local area of ​​the battery module, and the angle between the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is >0°.

[0031] In this invention, the composite barrier material layer includes a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer. The main function of the heat insulation layer is to prevent heat transfer between adjacent individual cells. When a single cell experiences thermal runaway, the heat insulation layer effectively isolates the high temperature, preventing heat from spreading to neighboring cells and thus avoiding the propagation of thermal runaway. The main function of the heat dissipation layer is to quickly conduct and dissipate the heat generated by the individual cells, preventing localized overheating that could lead to thermal runaway. By evenly distributing the heat, the heat dissipation layer helps maintain the temperature stability of the battery module. Therefore, the composite barrier material of this invention provides dual protection through both barrier and heat dissipation. The heat insulation layer prevents lateral heat propagation, while the heat dissipation layer disperses the internal heat of the individual cells through phase change heat absorption and graphite thermal conductivity, preventing localized temperature rises that could trigger a chain reaction, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the battery module.

[0032] The liquid cooling plate of this invention primarily absorbs and carries away the heat generated by the battery through the internally flowing coolant, preventing overheating and also contributing to temperature uniformity within the battery. Furthermore, the flow channels of the liquid cooling plate are inclined at a certain angle relative to the surface of the liquid cooling plate, such as... Figure 1 As shown in the figure, α represents the angle between the flow channel and the surface of the liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate with the inclined flow channel enhances fluid turbulence, thereby increasing the contact frequency and area between the coolant and the flow channel wall, and improving heat transfer efficiency. It also increases the contact area and flow path length between the coolant and the flow channel wall, thus improving heat exchange efficiency. Therefore, in this invention, the liquid cooling plate and the composite material complement each other. The liquid cooling plate provides directional heat dissipation to high-temperature areas, solving the problem of heat accumulation that may be caused by the insulation layer. Simultaneously, the inclined flow channel improves heat exchange efficiency, forming a system of "global temperature uniformity + local reinforcement" with the heat dissipation layer.

[0033] Therefore, the battery module of the present invention can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery module through the synergistic effect of composite barrier material and liquid cooling plate with inclined flow channel.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat insulation layer includes nano-ceramic fibers, silica aerogel; and / or, the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 1 to 3 mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.15 W / (m·K).

[0035] In this invention, nano-ceramic fibers and silica aerogel possess low thermal conductivity, high-temperature stability, lightweight, and flexibility, making them among the superior thermal insulation materials currently available. Nano-ceramic fibers exhibit ultra-low thermal conductivity (≤0.15 W / (m·K)) and high-temperature stability (temperature resistance >1000℃), effectively blocking heat transfer between adjacent individual battery cells. Silica aerogel is lightweight, flexible, and has an even lower thermal conductivity (0.013–0.02 W / (m·K)), filling micropores in the material and enhancing thermal insulation performance. The combined materials work synergistically, improving thermal insulation efficiency and enhancing structural stability through the fiber skeleton, preventing high-temperature embrittlement. The thickness is designed to be 1–3 mm; too thin a thickness would not effectively block high-temperature gases, while too thick a thickness would occupy module space. Extensive experiments by the inventors have shown that a thickness of 1–3 mm achieves the optimal balance between thermal insulation efficiency and space utilization, further improving thermal runaway protection. Therefore, this invention effectively ensures heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppresses thermal runaway.

[0036] For example, the thickness of the insulation layer is 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm, etc.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat dissipation layer is located on the surface of the heat insulation layer and has a thickness of 2 to 3 mm; and / or, the heat dissipation layer includes a flame-retardant composite phase change material, which includes paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate, with a mass percentage of (60 to 70): (20 to 30): (5 to 10).

[0038] When the battery module provided in this embodiment of the invention simultaneously meets the above conditions, it will have excellent thermal runaway suppression effect. Specifically, the phase change temperature (50-80℃) of paraffin matches the thermal runaway trigger temperature, enabling it to absorb 200 J / g of latent heat and delay temperature rise. The high thermal conductivity (>150 W / (m·K)) of expanded graphite can rapidly disperse heat, and its porous structure adsorbs molten paraffin and enhances flame retardancy. Ammonium polyphosphate decomposes at high temperatures to form a flame-retardant layer, inhibiting the release of flammable gases. When the mass ratio is (60-70):(20-30):(5-10), the heat storage capacity of paraffin, the thermal conductivity of expanded graphite, and the flame retardancy of ammonium polyphosphate are well optimized, avoiding the shortcomings of a single material. Simultaneously, when the thickness of the heat dissipation layer is 2-3 mm, sufficient phase change material is ensured to absorb heat, while avoiding excessive thickness that would lead to delayed thermal response. The synergistic effect of these materials is beneficial for the thermal runaway protection of the battery module. Therefore, the present invention can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0039] For example, the thickness of the heat dissipation layer is 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm, 3mm, etc.

[0040] For example, the mass percentages are (60:30:10), (70:20:10), (65:25:10), (70:25:5), (62:28:10), (65:27:8), etc.

[0041] For example, phase transition temperatures are 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃, 80℃, etc.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate has an inclination angle of 25 to 30°, a flow channel width of 3 to 7 mm, and a flow channel thickness of 0.8 to 1.2 mm.

[0043] When the battery module provided in this embodiment of the invention meets the above conditions, it will have an excellent thermal runaway suppression effect.

[0044] When the flow channel inclination angle is 25–30°, turbulence is enhanced, the laminar boundary layer is broken, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved by 18–25%. Simultaneously, matching the heat flow direction with the temperature gradient in the tab region reduces flow resistance and improves heat absorption efficiency. Furthermore, in the flow channel size design, narrow channels are prone to clogging, while wide channels reduce flow velocity. The flow channel size of this invention is 3–7 mm wide and 0.8–1.2 mm thick, which effectively balances the pressure drop and heat dissipation requirements. Therefore, this invention can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0045] As an example, the flow channel tilt angle of the liquid cooling plate is 25°, 25.5°, 26°, 26.5°, 27°, 27.5°, 28°, 28.5°, 29°, 29.5°, 30°, etc.

[0046] As an example, the flow channel widths are 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, etc.

[0047] As an example, the flow channel thickness is 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, etc.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the flow channel tilt angle of the liquid cooling plate is consistent with the temperature gradient direction of the local overheated area (such as the tab).

[0049] The inventors discovered through experiments that when this condition is met, fluid turbulence and heat exchange efficiency can be further enhanced, effectively suppressing thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid cooling plate is made of aluminum alloy. Therefore, the present invention can further suppress thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the pipe arrangement of the liquid cooling plate includes any one of parallel flow channels, serpentine flow channels, spiral flow channels, mesh flow channels, Z-shaped flow channels, and tree-shaped flow channels.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the local area includes the tab area of ​​the battery module or the surface of the connecting piece.

[0053] The tab area and the contact surface of the connector are areas where heat is concentrated in the battery module. When current flows through them, a large amount of Joule heat is generated, and the temperature easily rises. Therefore, this invention targets areas prone to Joule heat (tab temperature rise can reach 80-120°C) by placing a liquid cooling plate tightly against the tab area or the surface of the connector of the battery module. This prioritizes covering localized overheating risk points, quickly dissipates heat, and blocks the trigger point for thermal runaway. This effectively suppresses thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the battery module further includes a temperature sensor located on the tabs of the battery module, the surface of a single cell, or the surface of the module battery.

[0055] In this invention, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature changes of the battery module in real time and dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate for rapid heat dissipation based on the temperature data.

[0056] In a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery module, comprising the following steps: providing a composite barrier material layer between adjacent individual cells of the battery module, the composite barrier material layer including a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; and providing a liquid cooling plate in a local area of ​​the battery module, wherein the angle between the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is >0°.

[0057] According to the battery module thermal runaway suppression method provided in this embodiment of the invention, a composite barrier material layer is inserted between adjacent individual cells in the battery module, ensuring that the heat insulation layer faces the thermal runaway source and the heat dissipation layer is in close contact with the surface of the normal battery, thereby effectively insulating and dissipating heat. Furthermore, a liquid cooling plate with inclined flow channels is installed in a localized area of ​​the battery module to further improve heat exchange efficiency and battery temperature uniformity. Therefore, this invention can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress battery module thermal runaway.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the following is satisfied: (1) the heat insulation layer comprises nano-ceramic fibers and silica aerogel; the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 1-3 mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.15 W / (m·K); (2) the heat dissipation layer comprises a flame-retardant composite phase change material, the flame-retardant composite phase change material comprises paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate, with a mass percentage of (60-70):(20-30):(5-10); the heat dissipation layer is located on the surface of the heat insulation layer and has a thickness of 2-3 mm; (3) (3) The flow channel inclination angle of the liquid cooling plate is 25-30°, the flow channel width is 3-7mm, and the flow channel thickness is 0.8-1.2mm; (4) The coolant of the liquid cooling plate includes a water-based solution; the inlet temperature of the coolant is 23-27℃; when the temperature of the local area is <80℃, the flow rate is adjusted to 0.003-0.005kg / s; when the temperature of the local area is ≥80℃, the flow rate is adjusted to 0.005kg / s; (5) The local area includes the tab area of ​​the battery module or the surface of the connecting piece.

[0059] When the battery module thermal runaway suppression method provided in this embodiment of the invention simultaneously meets the above conditions, it will have excellent thermal runaway suppression effect. When the temperature of a local area (such as the tab area) is ≥80℃, the coolant flow rate in the liquid cooling plate will be increased to 0.005kg / s, further enhancing heat dissipation. Therefore, this invention can effectively ensure heat dissipation of the battery module and effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the method for suppressing thermal runaway of the battery module further includes: real-time monitoring of the temperature of the battery module and dynamic adjustment of the coolant flow rate of the liquid cooling plate based on the temperature data; the device for real-time monitoring of the battery module temperature includes a temperature sensor, which is disposed on the tabs of the battery module, the surface of the individual cells, and the surface of the module cells. Therefore, the present invention can effectively suppress thermal runaway of the battery module.

[0061] In a third aspect, the present invention proposes the application of a battery module, or a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery module, in the thermal safety management of lithium battery modules.

[0062] According to embodiments of the present invention, the application scenarios for thermal safety management of lithium battery modules include electric vehicles, energy storage systems, electric ships, portable electronic devices, aerospace, electric bicycles and electric motorcycles, drones, etc.

[0063] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features and advantages described above for the suppression of battery module thermal runaway or battery module thermal runaway are also applicable to this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0064] The present invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0065] Example 1:

[0066] Example 1 is a ternary lithium battery module for electric vehicles.

[0067] (1) Preparation of composite barrier material layer: Nano-ceramic fibers and silica aerogel were composited at a mass ratio of 1:1 to form a 1.5 mm thick heat insulation layer. Paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate were melt-mixed at a mass percentage of 65%, 25%, and 10%, respectively, and coated onto the surface of the heat insulation layer to form a 2 mm thick RPCM heat dissipation layer. The composite barrier material layer was inserted between adjacent individual cells of the battery module.

[0068] (2) Liquid cooling plate installation: Design a liquid cooling plate with a flow channel inclination angle α = 27.5°, a flow channel width of 5mm, a flow channel thickness of 1mm, a coolant flow rate of 0.004kg / s, and an inlet temperature of 25℃. Install the liquid cooling plate in the module tab area.

[0069] (3) Real-time temperature monitoring: Temperature sensors are placed at the tabs and center of the battery module to monitor temperature changes in real time. The coolant flow rate is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature data. When the local temperature exceeds 80°C, the flow rate is increased to 0.005 kg / s to enhance heat dissipation.

[0070] After testing, the thermal runaway suppression effect was demonstrated as follows: In experiments simulating thermal runaway in a single battery cell, the composite barrier material reduced the heat release rate by 70% and extended the thermal runaway propagation time by 739 seconds. The liquid cooling plate with inclined flow channels reduced the temperature in the tab area by 12% and decreased the module temperature standard deviation by 18.9%.

[0071] Example 2:

[0072] Example 2 is a lithium iron phosphate battery module for energy storage power stations.

[0073] (1) Preparation of composite barrier material layer: Nano-ceramic fibers and silica aerogel were composited at a mass ratio of 7:3 to form a 3mm thick heat insulation layer. Paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate were melt-mixed at a mass percentage of 65%, 25%, and 10%, respectively, and coated onto the surface of the heat insulation layer to form a 3mm thick RPCM heat dissipation layer. The composite barrier material layer was inserted between adjacent individual cells of the battery module.

[0074] (2) Liquid cooling plate installation: Design a bidirectional inclined flow channel liquid cooling plate with an inclination angle α = 30°, a flow channel width of 5mm, a flow channel thickness of 1mm, a coolant flow rate of 0.005kg / s, and an inlet temperature of 25℃. Cover the tab areas on both sides of the module with the liquid cooling plate.

[0075] (3) Real-time temperature monitoring: Temperature sensors are placed at the tabs and center of the battery module to monitor temperature changes in real time. The coolant flow rate is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature data. When the local temperature exceeds 80°C, the flow rate is increased to 0.005 kg / s to enhance heat dissipation.

[0076] Testing showed that thermal runaway propagation was completely blocked in the 100Ah battery module, with an internal temperature difference of ≤5℃. Dynamic flow adjustment of the liquid cooling plate reduced the peak temperature in the localized overheated area of ​​the module by 15%. The composite barrier material achieved a 95% thermal runaway propagation blocking rate, reducing the peak temperature by over 200℃. The inclined flow channel liquid cooling plate directionally cooled the tab area, reducing the temperature standard deviation by 18.9% and delaying the thermal runaway trigger time by over 30%.

[0077] Example 3:

[0078] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the insulation layer thickness in Example 3 is 1 mm, the flow channel inclination angle α = 25°, and the coolant flow rate is 0.003 kg / s.

[0079] After testing, due to the thinner insulation layer, the thermal runaway propagation time was shortened to 512 seconds compared to Example 1, but it was still 3.2 times longer than the solution without an insulation layer, indicating that the 1mm insulation layer still has effective blocking capability. Regarding heat dissipation efficiency, the reduced angle of the inclined flow channel slightly reduced fluid disturbance, and the temperature drop in the tab area was 9% (slightly lower than the 12% in Example 1), but the overall temperature standard deviation of the module still decreased by 15.6%, showing that the synergistic effect of the heat dissipation layer and the liquid cooling plate is still significant. Dynamic response: The initial low flow rate (0.003kg / s) improved energy saving under normal operating conditions. At high temperatures, after the flow rate increased to 0.005kg / s, the peak temperature of the local overheated area decreased by 10%, and the response speed was comparable to Example 1. Overall performance: The heat release rate decreased by 62% (slightly lower than the 70% in Example 1), and the maximum temperature difference within the module was controlled within 8℃, verifying the feasibility of the thin insulation layer and optimized flow channel design in a limited space.

[0080] Example 3, by thinning the insulation layer (1 mm), reducing the flow channel tilt angle (25°), and lowering the initial coolant flow rate (0.003 kg / s), further optimizes space occupation and energy consumption while maintaining thermal runaway suppression capabilities. Although the insulation and heat dissipation efficiency decreases slightly, it is still significantly better than traditional solutions, demonstrating that the design of this invention has high adjustability and adaptability, and can meet the needs of different scenarios.

[0081] Comparative Example 1:

[0082] Difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1: Comparative Example 1 does not have a liquid cooling plate and a real-time temperature monitoring device.

[0083] Testing revealed that the thermal runaway propagation time was only 210 seconds (a 71.6% reduction compared to 739 seconds in Example 1), indicating that the absence of the liquid cooling plate prevented timely heat dissipation, accelerating the thermal runaway chain reaction. The peak electrode temperature soared to 125°C (a 38.9% increase compared to 90°C in Example 1), significantly exacerbating localized heat accumulation. The module temperature distribution was extremely uneven, with a standard deviation of 15°C (6.5°C in Example 1), indicating an expansion of localized overheating areas. The heat release rate decreased by only 22% (70% in Example 1), demonstrating that a single barrier material cannot independently cope with high heat load scenarios.

[0084] Experimental results show that the lack of liquid cooling plates and real-time temperature monitoring leads to a significant decrease in heat dissipation efficiency, proving that the liquid cooling system plays a crucial role in local overheat control and dynamic heat dissipation regulation.

[0085] Comparative Example 2:

[0086] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1: Comparative Example 2 does not have a composite barrier material layer.

[0087] Testing revealed that the thermal runaway propagation time was only 58 seconds (92.1% shorter than in Example 1). With no thermal insulation layer between adjacent batteries, the lateral heat diffusion rate increased by more than 12 times. The peak temperature within the module reached 320°C (90°C in Example 1), and the release of combustion gases increased by 80%, triggering severe thermal runaway. Regarding heat dissipation, relying solely on the liquid cooling plate resulted in a 5% decrease in the tab temperature (12% in Example 1), and the standard deviation of the module temperature difference was 12°C, indicating that the liquid cooling plate could not independently control the overall temperature rise. The heat release rate did not decrease; instead, it increased by 18% due to rapid heat diffusion, proving that the barrier material is crucial in preventing thermal runaway propagation.

[0088] Experimental results show that the lack of composite barrier material leads to rapid heat dissipation between batteries, and the liquid cooling plate is unable to independently block thermal runaway, verifying that the synergistic protection of barrier material and liquid cooling system is indispensable.

[0089] Therefore, the battery module of this invention, through the synergistic effect of composite barrier materials and inclined flow channel liquid cooling plates, can effectively block the propagation of thermal runaway, achieve precise heat dissipation and temperature uniformity. Furthermore, it is economical and compatible, with material costs further reduced compared to traditional solutions, and can be applied to battery modules of different sizes and chemical systems.

[0090] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0091] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized in that, include: Composite barrier material layer, liquid cooling plate and single battery cell; The composite barrier material layer is located between adjacent individual cells, and the composite barrier material layer includes a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; The liquid cooling plate is located in a local area of ​​the battery module, and the angle between the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is greater than 0°.

2. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat insulation layer includes nano-ceramic fibers and silica aerogel; And / or, the thickness of the insulation layer is 1 to 3 mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.15 W / (m·K).

3. The battery module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The heat dissipation layer is located on the surface of the heat insulation layer and has a thickness of 2-3 mm; And / or, the heat dissipation layer comprises a flame-retardant composite phase change material, which comprises paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate in a mass percentage of (60-70):(20-30):(5-10).

4. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The angle between the flow channel and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is 25-30°, the width of the flow channel is 3-7mm, and the thickness of the flow channel is 0.8-1.2mm.

5. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The local area includes the tab area of ​​the battery module or the surface of the connecting piece.

6. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature sensor located on the tabs of the battery module, the surface of the individual battery cell, and the surface of the module battery.

7. A method for suppressing thermal runaway in a battery module, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A composite barrier material layer is provided between adjacent individual cells of the battery module, the composite barrier material layer including a heat insulation layer and a heat dissipation layer; A liquid cooling plate is provided in a local area of ​​the battery module, and the angle between the flow channel of the liquid cooling plate and the surface of the liquid cooling plate is greater than 0°.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method satisfies at least one of the following: (1) The heat insulation layer comprises nano-ceramic fibers and silica aerogel; the thickness of the heat insulation layer is 1-3 mm, and the thermal conductivity is ≤0.15 W / (m·K); (2) The heat dissipation layer includes a flame-retardant composite phase change material, which includes paraffin wax, expanded graphite, and ammonium polyphosphate in a mass percentage of (60-70):(20-30):(5-10); the heat dissipation layer is located on the surface of the heat insulation layer and has a thickness of 2-3 mm. (3) The liquid cooling plate has a flow channel inclination angle of 25-30°, a flow channel width of 3-7 mm, and a flow channel thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm; (4) The coolant of the liquid cooling plate includes a water-based solution; the inlet temperature of the coolant is 23-27℃; when the temperature of a local area is <80℃, the flow rate is adjusted to 0.003-0.005kg / s; when the temperature of a local area is ≥80℃, the flow rate is adjusted to 0.005kg / s. (5) The local area includes the tab area of ​​the battery module or the surface of the connecting piece.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The temperature of the battery module is monitored in real time, and the coolant flow rate of the liquid cooling plate is dynamically adjusted according to the temperature data. The device for real-time monitoring of battery module temperature includes a temperature sensor, which is disposed on the tabs of the battery module, the surface of the individual battery cells, and the surface of the module battery.

10. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or the application of the method for suppressing thermal runaway of the battery module according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in the thermal safety management of lithium battery modules.

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