Energy storage device and energy storage system

Abstract

The application discloses an energy storage device and an energy storage system, and the energy storage device comprises a battery cabinet, the battery cabinet comprises a cabinet body, the cabinet body forms a containing space, a cooling medium for immersing a battery module is arranged in the containing space, a gap space is formed between the cooling medium and the cabinet body, the cooling medium and the battery module can exchange heat through contact between the cooling medium and the battery module, the cooling medium can quickly absorb heat to cool the battery module, so that the battery module can be charged and discharged in a suitable temperature environment, the charging and discharging performance of the energy storage device is improved, and the service life of the energy storage device is prolonged; the existence of the gap space can avoid the situation that the cooling medium directly bears the pressure in the whole closed space of the battery cabinet, reduces the pressure required when the cooling medium flows, effectively guarantees the circulation of the cooling medium under a lower pressure, and guarantees the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more specifically, to an energy storage device and an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, cold plate heat dissipation technology is usually used. That is, the battery module is placed on the cold plate of the plate heat exchanger, and a thermally conductive silicone layer is placed on the cold plate. The heat generated by the battery module during charging and discharging can be conducted to the cold plate. The liquid inside the cold plate circulates to carry away the heat, thus completing the heat dissipation of the battery module.

[0003] However, the cold plate heat dissipation technology is limited by the materials of the cold plate, resulting in poor heat dissipation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present application provides an energy storage device and an energy storage system that can solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0005] This application proposes an energy storage device, including: a battery cabinet, the battery cabinet including a cabinet body forming an accommodating space, the accommodating space having a cooling medium in direct contact with a battery module, and a gap space between the cooling medium and at least a portion of the cabinet body.

[0006] This application also proposes a fire control method for an energy storage device, the energy storage device including a battery cabinet, the battery cabinet including a cabinet body forming an accommodating space, the accommodating space containing a cooling medium in direct contact with the battery modules, and a gap space between the cooling medium and at least a portion of the cabinet body. The method includes: performing a fire-fighting operation when the operating conditions of the energy storage device meet preset thermal runaway conditions.

[0007] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a fire-fighting device for performing fire-fighting operations on the energy storage device. The fire-fighting device includes fire sprinklers, which are disposed inside the cabinet and / or outside the cabinet. The fire-fighting operation includes spraying fire-fighting media into the gap space through the fire sprinklers. Performing the fire-fighting operation when the operating conditions of the energy storage device meet preset thermal runaway conditions includes: controlling the target fire sprinkler to spray fire-fighting media when at least one of the target battery module's temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold and the target battery module's voltage meets a preset voltage condition. The target battery module includes one or more battery modules, and the target fire sprinkler is the fire sprinkler installed on the battery cabinet where the target battery module is located.

[0008] In some embodiments, the battery cabinet includes multiple battery cabinets, and the energy storage device further includes a vent pipe, with the gap space between two battery cabinets connected through the vent pipe; wherein, the target battery module includes multiple battery modules connected through the gap space; or, the target battery module includes battery modules with a temperature greater than a preset temperature threshold and a voltage that meets a preset voltage condition.

[0009] In some embodiments, the fire-fighting device further includes a ventilation valve disposed in the battery cabinet. The ventilation valve selectively connects the gap space and the external space. The thermal runaway condition includes a concentration of combustible gas in the gap space exceeding a preset concentration threshold. When the operating conditions of the energy storage device meet the preset thermal runaway condition, the fire-fighting operation is performed, including: when the concentration of combustible gas in the target gap space exceeds the preset concentration threshold, controlling the opening of the target ventilation valve. The target gap space includes one or more gap spaces, and the target ventilation valve is the ventilation valve disposed in the battery cabinet corresponding to the target gap space.

[0010] In some embodiments, the battery cabinet includes multiple cabinets, and the energy storage device further includes a vent pipe, with the gap spaces between two battery cabinets connected through the vent pipe; wherein, the target gap space includes multiple connected gap spaces; or, the target gap space includes gap spaces where the concentration of combustible gas is greater than a preset concentration threshold.

[0011] In some implementations, the fire-fighting operation further includes at least one of issuing an alarm message and controlling the energy storage device to shut down.

[0012] This application also proposes an electronic device, comprising: a processor connected to a memory; the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement instructions for the fire control method of the energy storage device described in any of the above embodiments.

[0013] This application also proposes an energy storage system, including: a battery module; and the energy storage device described in any of the above embodiments, and / or the electronic device described in any of the above embodiments.

[0014] The energy storage device and system of this application include a battery cabinet, which comprises a cabinet body forming an accommodating space. A cooling medium that directly contacts the battery modules is disposed within the accommodating space. A gap exists between the cooling medium and at least a portion of the cabinet body. The cooling medium and battery modules are in direct contact, allowing for heat exchange. The cooling medium rapidly absorbs heat to cool the battery modules, enabling them to charge and discharge at a suitable temperature, thus improving the charging and discharging performance of the energy storage device and extending its service life. Because the cooling medium is in direct contact with the battery modules (e.g., the battery modules are completely immersed in the cooling medium), it also isolates the battery modules from the outside environment (air, etc.). Utilizing the insulating effect of the cooling medium, it also provides fire protection for the battery modules.

[0015] A gap exists between the cooling medium and the cabinet. This gap prevents the cooling medium from directly bearing the pressure of the entire enclosed space of the battery cabinet, reducing the pressure required for the cooling medium to flow and effectively ensuring that the cooling medium circulates at a lower pressure, thus guaranteeing the heat exchange efficiency of the battery modules. Furthermore, when the pressure inside the battery cabinet changes (e.g., due to temperature variations), the gap can absorb these pressure changes, thereby improving the stability of the system.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a scenario in which the energy storage device of some embodiments of this application is applied to an energy storage system;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating the fire control method for an energy storage device according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 16 This is a flowchart illustrating the fire control method for an energy storage device according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 17 This is a flowchart illustrating the fire control method for an energy storage device according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage device according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a lane change detection device according to certain embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection state of a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium and a processor in certain embodiments of this application.

[0038] Explanation of key component reference numerals:

[0039] 1000. Energy storage system; 100. Energy storage equipment; 10. Battery cabinet; 11. Battery module; 12. Cabinet; 13. Vent valve; 14. Top plate; 15. Vent pipe; 16. Flame retardant material; 17. First side plate; 18. Second side plate; 19. Temperature sensor; 200. Fire-fighting device; 21. Fire sprinkler head; 22. Fire-fighting gas cylinder; 23. Fire-fighting pipeline; 231. Primary pipeline; 232. Secondary pipeline; 24. Fire valve; 25. Ventilation valve; 26. Smoke sensor; 27. Combustible gas detector; 28. Fire-fighting cable tray; 300. Energy storage cabinet; Water pump; 400. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the embodiments of this application, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0041] The background technology of this application will be introduced below:

[0042] Immersion liquid-cooled energy storage systems are a battery module cooling technology. This technology involves immersing the battery modules in a special insulating protective liquid. The insulating protective liquid absorbs the heat generated during the charging and discharging process of the battery modules, preventing thermal runaway and extending the battery module's lifespan. However, other components or areas in the energy storage system besides the battery modules also pose a risk of thermal runaway, which can easily lead to fires and explosions, reducing the safety of the energy storage system.

[0043] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage device 100, a fire control method for the energy storage device 100, and an energy storage system 1000. Please refer to... Figure 1 The following is an example of an energy storage system 1000 including an energy storage device 100 and a battery module 11, and a fire control method for the energy storage device 100 applied to the energy storage device 100. The energy storage system 1000 includes a battery module 11 and an energy storage device 100.

[0044] The battery module 11 is used for charging and discharging, and the battery module 11 includes one or more.

[0045] Optionally, the energy storage system 1000 also includes an energy storage cabinet 300, and the energy storage device 100 is installed inside the energy storage cabinet 300.

[0046] Optionally, the energy storage system 1000 also includes an energy storage cabinet 300, and the energy storage device 100 is installed inside the energy storage cabinet 300.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 4The energy storage system 1000 also includes an energy storage cabinet 300, within which the energy storage device 100 is housed. The energy storage cabinet 300 provides protection for the energy storage device 100. In the event of a leak in the energy storage device 100 (e.g., a leak in the cooling medium; or a leak in the battery fluid of the battery module 11), the energy storage cabinet 300 can isolate the leaked liquid, preventing it from affecting the external environment and further improving the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0048] Optionally, the energy storage system 1000 also includes a water pump 400 and a liquid-cooled pipe, the water pump 400 being used to draw in the cooling medium so that the cooling medium circulates within the liquid-cooled pipe.

[0049] The liquid cooling pipes can be installed within the accommodating space formed by the cabinet 12, and / or installed outside the cabinet 12 of the battery cabinet 10.

[0050] The water pump 400 can draw in the cooling medium, allowing it to circulate within the liquid cooling pipes. Specifically, the cooling medium, after heat exchange with the battery module 11 and reaching a higher temperature, can be drawn out of the cabinet 12 via the liquid cooling pipes using the power provided by the water pump 400. After being cooled (for example, a refrigeration system can be installed outside the cabinet 12 to cool the cooling medium), it can circulate back into the cabinet 12 to continue heat exchange, thus cooling the battery module 11.

[0051] The energy storage device 100 of this application will be described in detail below:

[0052] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The energy storage device 100 provided in this application includes:

[0053] The battery cabinet 10 includes a cabinet body 12, which forms an accommodating space. The accommodating space is provided with a cooling medium for immersing the battery module 11, and there is a gap space between the cooling medium and the cabinet body 12.

[0054] The cooling medium can be an immersion liquid such as cooling oil or a fluorinated liquid. The battery module 11 is in direct contact with the cooling medium; for example, the battery module 11 is completely immersed in the cooling medium, or at least partially immersed in the cooling medium. The cooling medium has an insulating function, effectively suppressing the risk of arcing and short circuits within the battery module system.

[0055] The gap space can be a gas layer (such as an air layer) between the cooling medium and the cabinet 12.

[0056] Optionally, at least a portion of the battery module is immersed in the cooling medium, and the gap space includes the space between the liquid level of the cooling medium and the top of the cabinet, and / or the space between the top of the battery module not fully immersed in the cooling medium and the top of the cabinet.

[0057] Optionally, the height of the gap space is less than or equal to one-tenth of the height of the cabinet. This ensures the heat dissipation effect on the battery module while allowing the cooling medium to circulate under low hydraulic pressure (0.2-0.4 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa)), thus reducing the strength design of the cabinet and piping.

[0058] For example, the volume of the gap space can be between 0.08 liters and 0.2 liters, and / or the height of the gap space can be between 100 mm and 200 mm. For instance, taking a gap space volume of 0.2 liters as an example, assuming there are 10 battery cabinets, the total volume of the gap space for the energy storage device is 2 liters. As another example, taking a battery cabinet height of 1 m as an example, the height of the gap space is less than or equal to 0.1 m.

[0059] Optionally, the battery cabinet 10 may include one or more.

[0060] Optionally, the battery cabinet 10 may contain one or more battery modules 11.

[0061] The battery cabinet 10 and battery module 11 can be configured in a one-to-one correspondence; for example, one battery cabinet 10 may contain one battery module 11. Alternatively, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 A battery cabinet 10 may include multiple battery modules 11, which may be connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0062] Specifically, please refer to Figure 1 The energy storage device 100 includes a battery cabinet 10, such as Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage device 100 includes 10 battery cabinets 10. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The battery cabinet 10 includes a battery module 11 and a cabinet body 12. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 3The cabinet 12 forms a storage space containing a cooling medium. The battery module 11 is placed inside the cabinet 12 and immersed in the cooling medium. During the charging and discharging process of the battery module 11, the battery module 11 releases heat. High temperatures can reduce the charging and discharging performance of the battery module 11, accelerate its aging, and cause changes in its internal material structure, potentially leading to battery damage. By immersing the battery module 11 in the cooling medium, heat exchange can occur between them through contact. The cooling medium can quickly absorb heat to cool the battery module 11, allowing it to charge and discharge at a suitable temperature, thus improving the charging and discharging performance of the energy storage device 100 and extending its service life.

[0063] Furthermore, since the cooling medium can isolate the battery module 11 from the outside and has an insulating effect, it can provide fire protection for the battery module 11.

[0064] If the cooling medium is completely filled in the battery cabinet 10, the battery cabinet 10 will be a completely sealed space. In this case, the cooling medium needs to overcome the pressure inside the entire battery cabinet 10 to flow. That is, the insulating liquid requires a large amount of power during the flow process, which can easily lead to increased energy consumption of the energy storage device 100 (for example, a larger power requirement for the water pump 400, resulting in higher energy consumption of the water pump 400) and damage to the stability of the energy storage device 100 and the energy storage system 1000 (for example, the cabinet 12 bears a large pressure during the circulation of the cooling medium, leading to damage to the stability of the energy storage device 100 and the energy storage system 1000). Therefore, by setting a gap space between the cooling medium and the cabinet 12, the gap space can be regarded as an air layer. The gap space can form a region with a lower pressure compared with the cooling medium. The existence of the gap space means that the cooling medium does not have to directly bear the pressure of the entire sealed space of the battery cabinet 10, reducing the pressure required for the cooling medium to flow, effectively ensuring that the cooling medium circulates under lower pressure, and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module 11. Furthermore, when the pressure inside the battery cabinet 10 changes (e.g., due to factors such as temperature changes), the gap space can absorb the pressure changes, thereby improving the stability of the system.

[0065] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the energy storage device 100 further includes:

[0066] Fire-fighting device 200 is used to perform fire-fighting operations on energy storage device 100.

[0067] Among them, fire-fighting operations can be fire prevention and response (such as fire extinguishing) operations performed on the energy storage device 100.

[0068] Specifically, during the charging and discharging process of battery module 11, flammable gases (e.g., carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, ethylene, etc.) may be generated. With the gap space provided, there is a risk of flammable gas accumulation (or excessive flammable gas levels) in the gap space. Furthermore, in the event of prolonged overcharging or partial short circuits in the energy storage device 100 (battery module 11), thermal runaway may still occur. Therefore, by installing a fire-fighting device 200, the device can perform fire-fighting operations on the energy storage device 100, preventing and extinguishing fires, further improving and ensuring the safety and reliability of the energy storage device 100 and the energy storage system 1000.

[0069] Thus, the energy storage device 100 includes a battery cabinet 10, which includes a cabinet body 12. The cabinet body 12 forms a housing space, within which a cooling medium is provided for immersing the battery module 11. There is a gap between the cooling medium and the cabinet body 12. Through contact between the cooling medium and the battery module 11, heat exchange can occur between them. The cooling medium can quickly absorb heat to cool the battery module 11, allowing it to charge and discharge at a suitable temperature, thereby improving the charging and discharging performance of the energy storage device 100 and extending its service life. Compared to traditional air cooling, liquid cooling, and cold plate cooling technologies, the direct contact between the cooling medium and the battery module 11 results in faster cooling speed and time, and superior cooling performance.

[0070] Furthermore, since the cooling medium and the battery module 11 are in direct contact (for example, the battery module 11 is completely immersed in the cooling medium), the cooling medium can also isolate the battery module 11 from the outside (air, etc.). By utilizing the insulating effect of the cooling medium, it can also provide fire protection for the battery module 11.

[0071] A gap space exists between the cooling medium and the cabinet 12. This gap space prevents the cooling medium from directly bearing the pressure of the entire enclosed space of the battery cabinet, reducing the pressure required for the cooling medium to flow and effectively ensuring that the cooling medium circulates at a lower pressure, thus guaranteeing the heat exchange efficiency of the battery module 11. Furthermore, when the pressure inside the battery cabinet 10 changes (e.g., due to temperature variations), the gap space can absorb these pressure changes, thereby improving the stability of the system.

[0072] In addition, the energy storage device 100 and the energy storage system 1000 also include a fire-fighting device 200, which is used to perform fire-fighting operations on the energy storage device 100, prevent fires and extinguish fires, and further ensure the safety and reliability of the energy storage device 100 and the energy storage system 1000.

[0073] In some implementations, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The fire protection device includes fire sprinklers, which are installed inside the cabinet and / or outside the cabinet. The fire protection operation includes spraying fire protection medium into the gap space through the fire sprinklers.

[0074] The fire extinguishing medium can be gases with fire extinguishing properties, such as heptafluoropropane, carbon dioxide, or inert gases.

[0075] Specifically, for example, the fire sprinkler head 21 can be installed inside the cabinet 12 and connected to the gap space. In the event of a fire risk in the gap space or in the event of a fire, the fire sprinkler head 21 can spray fire extinguishing medium into the gap space to extinguish the fire, realize fire-fighting operations, and improve the safety of the energy storage device 100 and the energy storage system 1000.

[0076] For example, the fire sprinkler head 21 can also be installed outside the cabinet 12 and connected to the gap space. In the event of a fire risk inside the battery cabinet 10 or in the event of a fire, the fire sprinkler head 21 can be used to deliver fire-fighting medium to the gap space inside the battery cabinet 10 to achieve fire protection inside the cabinet 12.

[0077] Optionally, the fire sprinkler head 21 includes multiple fire sprinkler heads, and the gaps between the various battery cabinets 10 are connected. The number of fire sprinkler heads 21 is less than the number of battery cabinets 10.

[0078] Specifically, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The gaps between each battery cabinet 10 are interconnected, allowing the fire-fighting medium sprayed from the fire sprinkler head 21 to diffuse into these gaps (the diffusion process of the fire-fighting medium is as follows). Figure 7 As shown), therefore, the number of fire sprinklers 21 can be less than the number of battery cabinets 10, saving on the hardware cost of the fire sprinklers 21. For example, as Figure 6 As shown, the battery cabinet 10 includes 10 units, and the fire sprinkler head 21 includes 4 units. The number of fire sprinkler heads 21 is less than the number of battery cabinets 10.

[0079] Optionally, the battery cabinet 10 is equipped with one or more fire sprinklers 21.

[0080] For example, there may be multiple battery cabinets 10, each of which is equipped with a fire sprinkler head 21; or, each battery cabinet 10 may be equipped with multiple fire sprinkler heads 21.

[0081] Specifically, the spaces between the various battery cabinets 10 may or may not be connected. For example... Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the battery cabinets 10 and fire sprinklers 21 can be configured in a one-to-one correspondence, meaning each battery cabinet 10 is equipped with one or more fire sprinklers 21. The fire-fighting medium can diffuse through the fire sprinklers 21 into the gaps between the battery cabinets 10. Furthermore, as... Figure 10 As shown, each battery cabinet 10 may include multiple fire sprinklers 21 to increase the diffusion rate of the fire-fighting medium.

[0082] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 Optionally, the fire-fighting device 200 also includes a fire cylinder 22 and a fire pipeline 23. The fire cylinder 22 is connected to each fire sprinkler head 21 through the fire pipeline, and the fire cylinder 22 is used to output the fire-fighting medium.

[0083] Specifically, the fire-fighting gas cylinder 22 stores the fire-fighting medium, and the fire sprinklers 21 installed on the cabinet 12 of each battery cabinet 10 are all connected to the fire-fighting pipeline. In the event of a fire risk in the battery cabinet 10, the fire-fighting medium can be sprayed into the gap space by opening the fire-fighting gas cylinder 22 (for example, by opening the solenoid valve on the fire-fighting gas cylinder 22) and entering the fire sprinkler 21 along the fire-fighting pipeline 23.

[0084] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 Optionally, the fire protection pipeline includes a primary pipeline 231 and a secondary pipeline 232. The diameter of the primary pipeline 231 is larger than that of the secondary pipeline 232. The primary pipeline 231 is connected to the fire cylinder 22, the secondary pipeline 232 is connected to the primary pipeline 231, and the secondary pipeline 232 is connected to each fire sprinkler head 21.

[0085] Specifically, the fire protection pipeline includes a primary pipeline 231 and a secondary pipeline 232. The primary pipeline 231 is connected to the fire cylinder 22, and the secondary pipeline 232 is connected to the primary pipeline 231. The diameter D1 of the primary pipeline 231 is larger than the diameter D2 of the secondary pipeline 232. The secondary pipeline 232 is connected to each fire sprinkler head 21. That is, the fire protection medium in the fire cylinder 22 flows through the primary pipeline 231 and the secondary pipeline 232 in sequence to reach the fire sprinkler head 21, and finally sprays in the gap space through the fire sprinkler head 21.

[0086] The gas pressure of the fire-fighting medium introduced through the fire sprinkler head 21 is typically between 25 bar and 50 bar. To ensure the stability of the energy storage device 100, the pressure of the energy storage device 100 needs to be controlled within a reasonable range. Taking heptafluoropropane as the fire-fighting medium and a volume concentration of 9% in air as the fire-fighting requirement as an example, the required amount W of the fire-fighting medium for extinguishing fires in interstitial spaces is:

[0087] W = K × V / S × C / (100 - C);

[0088] Where K is the altitude correction factor, V is the volume of the gap space, and S is the specific volume of heptafluoropropane superheated vapor at 101 kPa atmospheric pressure and the ambient temperature of the protected area.

[0089] After simplification, we get:

[0090] W = A × 0.75 × V, where A is an adjustment coefficient, which can be any coefficient between 1.5 and 4.5.

[0091] Furthermore, taking the energy storage device 100, which includes 10 battery cabinets 10 (including 10 gap spaces), as an example, the height of the gap spaces is usually between 100 mm and 200 mm. Therefore, the volume V of a single gap space is between 0.08 liters (L) and 0.2 L, while the total volume of the gap spaces is between 0.8 L and 2 L. In other words, this application can achieve the fire-fighting operation of the energy storage device 100 by using a 2.5 L ultra-small fire-fighting gas cylinder 22. In the current energy storage technology, the fire-fighting gas cylinder 22 (fire-fighting steel cylinder) that provides the fire-fighting medium for the energy storage device 100 is usually between 50 and 60 L. This application can achieve the effect of saving costs.

[0092] Taking a total gap space volume of 2L, with interconnected gap spaces, and a number of fire sprinklers 21 less than the number of battery cabinets 10 (fire sprinklers 21 are spaced apart on the cabinet body 12 of battery cabinet 10) as an example, assuming the pipe diameter D1 of the primary pipeline 231 is 10mm and the pipe diameter D2 of the secondary pipeline 232 is 5mm, under the condition that the average discharge rate of the fire medium from the fire cylinder 22 is Q≤6.0kg / s, Q and D1 satisfy the following relationship:

[0093] D1=(12~20)Q 1 / 2 =20×Q 1 / 2

[0094] Where (12~20) are adjustment coefficients. When D1=10mm, the adjustment coefficient is taken as 20, and Q=0.25kg / s can be obtained.

[0095] Next, the diameter D1 of primary pipeline 231 is verified according to the design requirements for heptafluoropropane fire suppression:

[0096] Q w =W / t

[0097] Where t is the release time of the fire-fighting medium (heptafluoropropane).

[0098] Taking t = 8 seconds (s) as an example, substitute W = A × 0.75 × V (A = 1.5) into Q. w =W / t, we can get Q w=0.225<Q=0.25kg / s. Therefore, the pipe diameter D1=10mm of the first-stage pipeline 231 meets the design requirements, can realize rapid diffusion of the fire-fighting medium, and avoid pressure runaway of the energy storage device 100.

[0099] See Figure 11 , optionally, the fire fighting device 200 further comprises a fire fighting valve 24, the fire fighting valve 24 is connected with the fire sprinkler 21, and the opening degree of the fire fighting valve 24 is positively correlated with the flow rate of the fire fighting medium ejected from the fire sprinkler 21.

[0100] Specifically, see Figure 11 and Figure 12 , the fire fighting valve 24 is connected with the fire sprinkler 21. When the fire fighting valve 24 is opened, the fire fighting medium can be transported to the fire sprinkler 21, and the opening degree of the fire fighting valve 24 is positively correlated with the flow rate of the fire fighting medium ejected from the fire sprinkler 21, that is, the larger the opening degree of the fire fighting valve 24, the larger the flow rate of the fire fighting medium ejected from the fire sprinkler 21. When a fire fighting operation is required for any fire cabinet, the fire fighting valve 24 corresponding to the fire cabinet can be controlled to conduct, so that the fire fighting medium can quickly fill the gap space of the battery cabinet 10 (as shown in Figure 13 ), so as to realize accurate fire fighting control for the cabinet 12 in thermal runaway.

[0101] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , optionally, the fire fighting device 200 further comprises a ventilation valve 25, the ventilation valve 25 is arranged on the battery cabinet 10, and the ventilation valve 25 can selectively communicate the gap space with the external space.

[0102] Specifically, see Figure 2 , the fire fighting device 200 further comprises a ventilation valve 25 (for example, it may be one or more butterfly valves, etc.), the ventilation valve 25 is arranged on the cabinet body 12 of the battery cabinet 10, and the ventilation valve 25 can selectively communicate the gap space with the external space. For example, when the concentration of combustible gas in the gap space is greater than a preset threshold, the communication between the gap space and the external space can be further increased by opening the ventilation valve 25 (compared with the communication of the ventilation valve 23), so that the combustible gas can be rapidly diffused to the external space, and the concentration of combustible gas in the gap space is reduced. For another example, when a fire occurs in the gap space and the fire sprinkler 21 sprays fire fighting medium to perform fire fighting operation, the communication between the gap space and the external space can be cut off by closing the ventilation valve 25, so as to ensure that the concentration of the fire fighting medium in the gap space can quickly meet the fire fighting concentration requirement and improve safety.

[0103] See Figure 2 , optionally, the battery cabinet 10 further comprises a ventilation valve 13, the ventilation valve 13 is arranged on the cabinet body 12, and communicates the gap space with the external space.

[0104] Specifically, the vent valve 13 can be a waterproof vent valve, a pressure reducing valve, or the like. The vent valve 13 can be used to connect the gap space and the external space, balance the pressure between the gap space and atmospheric pressure, and ensure that the air pressure in the gap space is consistent with the atmospheric pressure.

[0105] Optionally, the vent valve 13 can also be used for pressure relief. For example, in the event that the air pressure inside the cabinet 12 rises rapidly due to the release of fire-fighting media, the vent valve 13 can be used to relieve pressure, providing pressure relief protection for the battery cabinet 10. Furthermore, since the vent valve 13 can connect the gap space and the external space, it can further reduce the suction pressure of the water pump 400 when pumping the cooling medium.

[0106] Optionally, the vent valve 13 and / or ventilation valve 25 can also be differential pressure valves. When the pressure difference between the air pressure in the gap space and the atmospheric pressure is greater than a preset differential pressure value, the differential pressure valve automatically opens to provide pressure relief protection for the battery cabinet 10.

[0107] Please see Figure 2 Optionally, the top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 may be popped open if the pressure difference between the corresponding gap space and the external space is greater than a preset pressure threshold or the rate of increase of the pressure difference is greater than a preset rate threshold.

[0108] The top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 has a spring-opening angle of [0°, 90°].

[0109] For example, if the pressure difference between the top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 and the corresponding gap space and the external space is equal to a preset pressure threshold or the rate of increase of the pressure difference is equal to a preset rate threshold, the top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 will shake, and the opening angle can be 0°. If the pressure difference between the top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 and the corresponding gap space and the external space is greater than a certain preset pressure threshold, it can be considered that the pressure difference between the gap space and the external space corresponding to the top plate 14 of 10 is too large, and it is necessary to release the pressure as soon as possible to avoid risks. In this case, the opening angle is 90°.

[0110] Specifically, the top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 can be an explosion vent cover. When thermal runaway occurs inside the battery cabinet 10, a large amount of gas will be generated. Combined with the release of fire-fighting media, the gas pressure inside the battery cabinet 10 (the gap space) will rise rapidly. If the pressure difference between the gap space of any battery cabinet 10 and the external space (atmospheric pressure) is greater than a preset pressure threshold, the top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 can be opened as an explosion vent door (for example, it can be opened to a 90° angle with the original posture). If the rate of increase of the pressure difference is greater than a preset rate threshold (for example, the pressure increase rate of the gap space reaches 65 bar / s), the top plate 14 of the battery cabinet 10 can be opened as an explosion vent door to provide pressure relief protection for the battery cabinet 10, and prevent the uncontrolled leakage of contaminants such as cooling media and electrolyte of battery modules 11 caused by the cabinet 12 being burst, thus preventing contamination of the entire energy storage device 100.

[0111] In some implementations, please refer to Figure 5 The number of battery cabinets 10 includes multiple ones, and the energy storage device 100 also includes a vent pipe 15, and the gap between two battery cabinets 10 is connected through the vent pipe 15.

[0112] The ventilation pipe 15 is provided with flame-retardant material 16, and the flame-retardant material 16 has through holes.

[0113] Specifically, the battery cabinet 10 comprises multiple units, and a vent pipe 15 connects the gaps between two battery cabinets 10. The vent pipe 15 contains a flame-retardant material 16, which can be a fire-retardant mesh or similar material. The flame-retardant material 16 has through holes, allowing air to pass through, thus preventing the spread of fire while ensuring the connection between the two gaps. Through the vent pipe 15, the gaps between all the battery cabinets 10 within the energy storage device 100 can be connected as a whole, facilitating better fire suppression operations. For example, when using fire sprinklers 21 to spray fire-fighting media, connecting all the gaps between the battery cabinets 10 within the energy storage device 100 via the vent pipe 15 allows for rapid balancing of the fire-fighting media throughout the entire energy storage device 100, preventing uneven fire-fighting media coverage caused by uneven spray rates from the various fire sprinklers 21.

[0114] Optionally, the multiple battery cabinets 10 are divided into multiple groups, and the gap spaces between each group of battery cabinets 10 are connected; or, the gap spaces between all battery cabinets 10 are connected.

[0115] Specifically, all the gaps between the battery cabinets 10 can be connected; or, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 The 10 battery cabinets can be divided into two groups. Figure 5The battery cabinets 10 in the first row are the first group, and the battery cabinets 10 in the second row are the second group. The gaps between the battery cabinets 10 in the first group are connected, and the gaps between the battery cabinets 10 in the second group are also connected. Since the battery cabinets 10 in the first group can already release the fire-fighting medium through the fire sprinkler head 21, the same applies to the second group. Therefore, the gaps between the battery cabinets 10 in the first group do not need to be connected to the gaps between the battery cabinets 10 in the second group, reducing the number of vent pipes 15 and saving costs while achieving rapid diffusion of the fire-fighting medium.

[0116] Optionally, multiple battery cabinets 10 are arranged side by side. Each battery cabinet 10 includes a bottom plate, a side plate, and a top plate 14. The two ends of the vent pipe 15 pass through the opposite first side plates of two corresponding battery cabinets 10 to connect the gap space between the two corresponding battery cabinets 10.

[0117] Two adjacent battery cabinets 10 share the same side panel, and the vent pipe 15 passes through the side panel shared by the two corresponding battery cabinets 10.

[0118] Specifically, please refer to Figure 4 Multiple battery cabinets 10 are arranged side by side. Each battery cabinet 10 includes a bottom plate, a side plate, and a top plate 14. Two adjacent battery cabinets 10 share the same side plate 17 (the first side plate 17). The two ends of the vent pipe 15 pass through the same side plate 17 (or the opposite first side plates 17 of the two corresponding battery cabinets 10) to connect the gap space between the two corresponding battery cabinets 10.

[0119] Optionally, the two ends of the vent pipe 15 are respectively inserted through the second side plate 18, top plate 14 or bottom plate of the two corresponding battery cabinets 10, in addition to the first side plate 17, so as to connect the gap space of the corresponding battery cabinets 10.

[0120] Specifically, the two ends of the vent pipe 15 are respectively threaded through the second side plate 18, top plate 14, or bottom plate of the two corresponding battery cabinets 10, excluding the first side plate 17. Figure 14 As shown, the second side plate 18 of the first battery cabinet 10 and the second side plate 18 of the second battery cabinet 10 are respectively installed.

[0121] Please see Figure 15 This application also proposes a fire control method for an energy storage device 100. The energy storage device 100 includes a battery cabinet 10, which includes a cabinet body 12. The cabinet body 12 forms an accommodating space, and a cooling medium for immersing battery modules 11 is provided within the accommodating space. A gap space exists between the cooling medium and the cabinet body 12. The method includes:

[0122] Step 011: If the operating conditions of the energy storage device 100 meet the preset thermal runaway conditions, execute the fire-fighting operation.

[0123] Specifically, it can be assumed that when the operating conditions of the energy storage device 100 meet the preset thermal runaway conditions, the fire-fighting device 200 is at risk of catching fire. In order to improve the safety of the energy storage device 100, the fire-fighting device 200 can be controlled to perform fire-fighting operations.

[0124] Optionally, fire suppression operations may also include at least one of issuing an alarm message and controlling the energy storage device to shut down.

[0125] The alarm information can be sound alarm, light alarm, text alarm, etc.

[0126] Specifically, if the operating conditions of the energy storage device 100 meet the preset thermal runaway conditions, the energy storage device 100 can be shut down to prevent the fire from growing and spreading, causing further losses. Furthermore, if the operating conditions of the energy storage device 100 meet the preset thermal runaway conditions, the alarm device (e.g., an audible and visual alarm, a bell, a display, etc.) can be used to issue alarm information (e.g., an audible and visual alarm; an alarm bell; a display on the energy storage device 100).

[0127] Please see Figure 16 In some embodiments, the energy storage device 100 further includes a fire-fighting device 200, which is used to perform fire-fighting operations on the energy storage device 100. The fire-fighting device 200 includes a fire sprinkler head 21, which is disposed inside the cabinet 12 and / or outside the cabinet 12. The fire-fighting operation includes spraying fire-fighting medium into the gap space through the fire sprinkler head 21. Step 011: When the operating conditions of the energy storage device 100 meet the preset thermal runaway conditions, the fire-fighting operation is performed, including:

[0128] Step 0111: When the temperature of the target battery module 11 is greater than the preset temperature threshold and the voltage of the target battery module 11 meets the preset voltage condition, control the target fire sprinkler head 21 to spray fire-fighting medium. The target battery module 11 includes one or more battery modules 11, and the target fire sprinkler head 21 is the fire sprinkler head 21 installed on the battery cabinet 10 where the target battery module 11 is located.

[0129] The preset voltage condition can be that the voltage of the battery module 11 is lower than a preset voltage threshold (e.g., 0.9 volts (V), 1V, 1.2V, etc.), and the duration of the temperature rise rate of the battery module 11 being greater than a preset temperature rate (e.g., 2 degrees Celsius per second (°C), 2.5°C / s, 2.8°C / s, 3°C / s, 3.2°C / s, etc.) is greater than a preset duration (e.g., 2s, 2.5s, 3s, 3.5s, etc.). At this time, the battery module 11 has entered a deep discharge state and may be short-circuited. That is, if the battery module 11 meets the preset voltage condition, the energy storage device 100 may have already experienced thermal runaway.

[0130] Specifically, this can be achieved through a temperature sensor (such as...) Figure 2 The temperature sensor 19 shown acquires the temperature of the battery module 11. The target battery module 11 can be any battery module 11 in the battery cabinet 10, or several battery modules 11 in the battery cabinet 10, or each battery module 11 corresponding to several battery cabinets 10, etc. If the temperature of the target battery module 11 is greater than a preset temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery module 11 meets at least one of the preset voltage conditions, it can be considered that the battery module 11 may experience thermal runaway. In order to ensure the safety of the energy storage device 100, if the temperature of the target battery module 11 is greater than the preset temperature threshold and the voltage of the battery module 11 meets at least one of the preset voltage conditions, the energy storage device 100 can be shut down first, and the target fire sprinkler 21 installed on the battery cabinet 10 where the target battery module 11 is located can be opened and fire-fighting medium can be sprayed to perform fire-fighting operation for the target battery cabinet 10 (and the target gap space corresponding to the target battery cabinet 10) where the target battery module 11 is located.

[0131] Optionally, the battery cabinet 10 includes multiple cabinets, and the energy storage device 100 also includes a vent pipe 15, through which the gap between two battery cabinets 10 is connected.

[0132] The target battery module 11 includes multiple battery modules 11 connected by gaps; or, the target battery module 11 includes battery modules 11 whose temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold and whose voltage meets a preset voltage condition.

[0133] Please see Figure 5 The number of fire sprinklers 21 can be less than the number of battery cabinets 10. For example, they can be spaced apart on the battery cabinets 10. The gap between two battery cabinets 10 can be connected by a vent pipe 15. When fire-fighting media is sprayed through the fire sprinklers 21, the fire-fighting media can be evenly diffused in each gap through the vent pipe 15 to provide fire protection.

[0134] Please see Figure 17Optionally, the fire-fighting device 200 also includes a ventilation valve 25, which is installed in the battery cabinet 10. The ventilation valve 25 can selectively connect the gap space and the external space. The thermal runaway condition includes the concentration of combustible gas in the gap space being greater than a preset concentration threshold. Step 011: When the operating conditions of the energy storage device 100 meet the preset thermal runaway condition, a fire-fighting operation is performed, including:

[0135] Step 0112: When the concentration of combustible gas in the target gap space is greater than the preset concentration threshold, control the target ventilation valve 25 to open. The target gap space includes one or more gap spaces, and the target ventilation valve 25 is the ventilation valve 25 set in the battery cabinet 10 corresponding to the target gap space.

[0136] Optionally, the battery cabinet 10 includes multiple cabinets, and the energy storage device 100 also includes a vent pipe 15, through which the gap between two battery cabinets 10 is connected.

[0137] The target gap space includes multiple interconnected gap spaces; or, the target gap space includes gap spaces where the concentration of combustible gas is greater than a preset concentration threshold.

[0138] Specifically, this can be achieved through smoke sensors, combustible gas detectors (such as...) Figure 2 As shown, the concentration of combustible gas in the gap space is obtained through smoke sensors 26, combustible gas detectors 27, etc. When the concentration of combustible gas in the gap space exceeds a preset concentration threshold, combustible gas accumulates in the gap space, posing a certain fire hazard. Therefore, by controlling the opening of the target ventilation valve 25 corresponding to the target gap space where the concentration of combustible gas exceeds the preset concentration threshold, the gap space is connected to the external space, and the combustible gas is diffused into the external space, reducing the concentration of combustible gas in the gap space, thereby reducing the fire hazard and improving the safety of the energy storage device 100.

[0139] It is understandable that when the fire sprinkler head 21 is discharging fire-fighting media, the ventilation valve 25 can be controlled to prevent it from connecting with the external space, so as to quickly increase the concentration of the fire-fighting media and improve fire-fighting efficiency.

[0140] Please see Figure 18 Optionally, the energy storage device 100 also includes a fire-fighting cable tray 28.

[0141] Among them, the fire-fighting cable tray 28 includes a metal junction box for housing the power supply line and signal line of the energy storage device 100, ensuring that communication control can still be achieved in the event of thermal runaway.

[0142] Please see Figure 19To facilitate better implementation of the fire control method for energy storage devices according to the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a fire control device 500 for energy storage devices. The energy storage device includes a battery cabinet, which includes a cabinet body forming an accommodating space. A cooling medium that directly contacts the battery modules is disposed within the accommodating space, and a gap space exists between the cooling medium and at least a portion of the cabinet body. The fire control device 500 may include an execution module 501, which is used to perform fire-fighting operations when the operating conditions of the energy storage device meet preset thermal runaway conditions.

[0143] In some embodiments, the energy storage device further includes a fire-fighting device for performing fire-fighting operations on the energy storage device. The fire-fighting device includes fire sprinklers, which are disposed inside the cabinet and / or outside the cabinet. The fire-fighting operation includes spraying fire-fighting media into the gap space through the fire sprinklers. Specifically, the execution module 501 is further configured to control the target fire sprinkler to spray fire-fighting media when at least one of the following conditions is met: the temperature of the target battery module is greater than a preset temperature threshold and the voltage of the target battery module is greater than a preset voltage condition. The target battery module includes one or more battery modules, and the target fire sprinkler is a fire sprinkler installed on the battery cabinet where the target battery module is located.

[0144] In some embodiments, the fire-fighting device further includes a ventilation valve, which is installed in the battery cabinet. The ventilation valve can selectively connect the gap space and the external space. The thermal runaway condition includes the concentration of combustible gas in the gap space being greater than a preset concentration threshold. The execution module 501 is further used to control the target ventilation valve to open when the concentration of combustible gas in the target gap space is greater than the preset concentration threshold. The target gap space includes one or more gap spaces, and the target ventilation valve is the ventilation valve installed in the battery cabinet corresponding to the target gap space.

[0145] The fire control device 500 for energy storage equipment has been described above from the perspective of functional modules, with reference to the accompanying drawings. This functional module can be implemented in hardware, in software instructions, or in a combination of hardware and software modules. Specifically, the steps of the method embodiments in this application can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware and / or by software instructions. The steps of the method disclosed in this application can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware encoding processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the encoding processor. Optionally, the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0146] Please refer to it again. Figure 1The energy storage device of this application includes a processor 30, which is connected to a memory 40. The memory 40 stores a computer program. The processor 30 executes the computer program to implement the fire control method of the energy storage device described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0147] The electronic device in this application embodiment can be used as the processor 30 of the energy storage device. The fire control method of the energy storage device described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments can be implemented based on the electronic device. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0148] The energy storage system of this application includes a battery module and an energy storage device; or, the energy storage system includes a battery module and an electronic device, which will not be described in detail here for the sake of simplicity.

[0149] The computer program product of this application can be used to execute the fire control method for the energy storage device described in any of the above claims. For the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.

[0150] Please see Figure 20 This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium 600 storing a computer program 610. When the computer program 610 is executed by the processor 620, it implements the steps of the fire control method for the energy storage device of any of the above embodiments. For the sake of brevity, these steps will not be described in detail here.

[0151] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "in one example," "exemplarily," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0152] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the function involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0153] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that, include: A battery cabinet includes a cabinet body forming an accommodating space. The accommodating space contains a cooling medium that is in direct contact with the battery module. There is a gap between the cooling medium and at least a portion of the cabinet body.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least a portion of the battery module is immersed in the cooling medium, and the gap space includes the space between the liquid level of the cooling medium and the top of the cabinet, and / or the space between the top of the battery module that is not completely immersed in the cooling medium and the top of the cabinet.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The battery cabinet also includes a vent valve, which is installed in the cabinet and connects the gap space with the external space.

4. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The height of the gap space is less than or equal to one-tenth of the height of the cabinet.

5. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The number of battery cabinets is at least two, and the gap spaces between the battery cabinets are interconnected.

6. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The number of battery cabinets includes multiple cabinets, which are divided into multiple groups, and the gaps between the battery cabinets in each group are interconnected.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The energy storage device also includes a vent pipe, through which the gap space between the two battery cabinets is connected.

8. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, Multiple battery cabinets are arranged side by side. Each battery cabinet includes a bottom plate, a side plate, and a top plate. The two ends of the vent pipe pass through the opposite first side plates of two corresponding battery cabinets to connect the gap space between the two corresponding battery cabinets. Alternatively, the two ends of the vent pipe may be respectively inserted through the second side plate, top plate, or bottom plate of the two corresponding battery cabinets, in order to connect the gap space of the corresponding battery cabinets.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The two adjacent battery cabinets share the same side panel, and the vent pipe passes through the side panel shared by the two adjacent battery cabinets.

10. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The vent pipe is filled with flame-retardant material, and the flame-retardant material has through holes.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage device also includes: A fire-fighting device, which is used to perform fire-fighting operations on the energy storage device.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The fire-fighting device includes a fire sprinkler head, which is installed inside the cabinet, and / or the fire sprinkler head is installed outside the cabinet. The fire-fighting operation includes spraying fire-fighting medium into the gap space through the fire sprinkler head.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The fire sprinkler head includes multiple units, and the gap spaces of each of the battery cabinets are connected. The number of fire sprinkler heads is less than the number of battery cabinets.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The battery cabinet is equipped with one or more of the fire sprinklers.

15. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, The fire-fighting device also includes fire-fighting gas cylinders and fire-fighting pipelines. The fire-fighting gas cylinders are connected to each of the fire sprinklers through the fire-fighting pipelines, and the fire-fighting gas cylinders are used to output fire-fighting media.

16. The energy storage device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The fire protection pipeline includes a primary pipeline and a secondary pipeline. The diameter of the primary pipeline is larger than that of the secondary pipeline. The primary pipeline is connected to the fire protection gas cylinder, the secondary pipeline is connected to the primary pipeline, and the secondary pipeline is connected to each of the fire sprinklers.

17. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 11-16, characterized in that, The fire-fighting device also includes a fire valve, which is connected to the fire sprinkler head. The opening degree of the fire valve is positively correlated with the flow rate of the fire-fighting medium sprayed from the fire sprinkler head.

18. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 11-17, characterized in that, The fire-fighting device also includes a ventilation valve, which is installed in the battery cabinet and can selectively connect the gap space and the external space.

19. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top plate of the battery cabinet is ejected when the pressure difference between the corresponding gap space and the external space is greater than a preset pressure threshold or the rate of increase of the pressure difference is greater than a preset rate threshold.

20. The energy storage device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The top panel of the battery cabinet has a spring-loaded angle of [0°, 90°].

21. An energy storage system, characterized in that, include: Battery module; and The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-20.

22. The energy storage system according to claim 21, characterized in that, The battery cabinet contains one or more of the aforementioned battery modules.

23. The energy storage system according to claim 21, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes an energy storage cabinet, and the energy storage device is installed inside the energy storage cabinet.

24. The energy storage system according to claim 21, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a water pump and a liquid-cooled pipe. The water pump is used to draw the cooling medium so that the cooling medium circulates within the liquid-cooled pipe.

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