Distributed highway construction optical storage cluster scheduling system sharing range-extending power supply among multiple sites

Abstract

The distributed highway construction optical storage cluster scheduling system of multi-site shared range-extended power supply comprises: a centralized range-extended power generation unit is connected to a DC bus through a bus breaker Q1; a plurality of mobile construction optical storage sub-sites are connected to the DC bus through bus breakers Q2 and move with the construction advancement, each sub-site is provided with photovoltaic, energy storage and load; a data acquisition communication unit acquires power data and positioning information of each sub-site; an energy management and scheduling unit receives data of each sub-site, performs four-level hierarchical scheduling: preferentially supplying power by local photovoltaic, calling local energy storage when insufficient, still insufficiently supplying power through cross-site mutual aid through the DC bus, and finally starting the range-extended power generation unit to bottom up, and preferentially matching the closest power supply and receiving pair based on the positioning information, realizing the energy scheduling of photovoltaic priority, energy storage second, mutual aid third, and range-extended bottom up, replacing multiple dispersed units with a single centralized unit, realizing power mutual aid, centralized operation and maintenance, and reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to energy storage scheduling technology in highway construction scenarios, and more particularly to a distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system that allows multiple sites to share range-extending power. Background Technology

[0002] Highway construction is a typical long-distance linear infrastructure project, with construction routes typically stretching from tens to hundreds of kilometers. Its power supply points are discretely distributed along the route, exhibiting significant characteristics such as drastic fluctuations in temporary power loads, dynamic relocation of construction sites as the project progresses, weak power grid coverage in rural areas, poor power supply stability, and stringent environmental and energy consumption control requirements.

[0003] Currently, temporary power supply systems at highway construction sites generally employ a multi-point distributed diesel generator system supplemented by localized simplified power grids. In recent years, although some construction sites have gradually introduced independent photovoltaic and energy storage auxiliary power supply equipment at individual sites, the existing power supply architecture still suffers from numerous technical deficiencies that make it unsuitable for the unique challenges of highway construction. Specifically: I. Traditional highway construction sites generally adopt a redundant configuration mode of single construction point and single diesel range extender unit. Highway construction involves dozens of independent power supply points along the route, including roadbeds, bridges, tunnels, mixing plants, and construction living areas, each with its own diesel generator set as the main backup power source. Due to the staggered operation of various construction processes, the power supply sequence is completely asynchronous, resulting in most diesel generator sets being idle for extended periods, only briefly starting during heavy rain, power outages, or high-power construction at night. Under this mode, the average annual utilization rate of equipment is low, resulting in significant waste of equipment procurement, leasing, installation, and civil engineering costs. Furthermore, the deployment of multiple decentralized units significantly increases the operational burden of on-site equipment management, inspection, maintenance, and fuel storage and transportation. Second, the phenomenon of energy silos is prominent, resulting in poor power supply reliability and serious energy waste. Each construction site is independently equipped with photovoltaic and energy storage equipment and range extenders, lacking effective electrical connections and cross-site power sharing capabilities. During actual construction, a contradictory situation often arises: some sites experience load saturation due to continuous day and night construction, resulting in depleted energy storage and continuous high-load operation of generators, while adjacent construction sites have idle equipment and surplus energy storage due to work stoppages. Because surplus clean energy cannot be utilized across regions, construction units can only rely on additional diesel generators for supplemental power, leading to a serious waste of photovoltaic and energy storage resources, significantly increasing construction fuel consumption and carbon emissions, and failing to meet the construction requirements for green high-speed construction and dual-carbon management. Third, existing photovoltaic-storage range extension scheduling strategies mainly draw on the scheduling logic of general parks or service areas. These strategies can only adapt to relatively stable load scenarios, but cannot adapt to the special operating conditions inherent in high-speed construction, such as dynamic switching of procedures, dynamic relocation of sites, instantaneous load impacts, large day-night load differences, and environmental noise restrictions. Specifically, existing technologies struggle to achieve load prediction based on construction plans, peak-shifting power supply, and low-noise energy-saving operation, thus failing to meet the comprehensive requirements of construction continuity, power supply stability, and green and environmentally friendly construction.

[0004] In summary, existing distributed diesel power generation and single-site independent photovoltaic-storage power supply solutions have significant shortcomings in terms of resource utilization, energy dispatch flexibility, equipment adaptability, and scenario-based management. Therefore, how to construct a power dispatch system that can achieve power mutual assistance among multiple sites, adapt to dynamic construction loads, and has dedicated dispatch logic for construction scenarios has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system that allows multiple sites to share range extender power, in order to solve the problems of each power consumption point along the highway construction route being equipped with its own range extender units, which cannot provide power support to each other and the range extender units being idle at low load for a long time.

[0006] In order to achieve the objective of this invention, the following solution is proposed: A distributed photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for highway construction, where multiple sites share range-extended power supplies, includes: The only centralized range extender generator unit deployed at the construction site is used to convert AC power into DC power through generator work, and then convert the converted AC power into DC power, which is connected to the DC bus through bus circuit breaker Q1; the DC bus is arranged along the construction section of the expressway. Several mobile photovoltaic-storage substations distributed along the construction sections of the expressway are each connected to the DC bus via a bus circuit breaker Q2, and move accordingly as the expressway construction progresses. Each mobile photovoltaic-storage substation includes a photovoltaic conversion unit and an energy storage unit connected to it. The photovoltaic conversion unit and the energy storage unit are connected to the load of their respective mobile photovoltaic-storage substations. Both the photovoltaic conversion unit and the energy storage unit are connected to one end of the low-voltage side of a DC / DC bidirectional inverter, and one end of the high-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter is connected to the bus circuit breaker Q2. Several construction condition data acquisition and communication units are deployed at corresponding mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites to collect power data and location information of each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site, including real-time load power, real-time output power of photovoltaic conversion units, and real-time battery charge status of battery packs in energy storage units. The construction cluster energy management and dispatch unit is deployed at the centralized range-extended power generation unit. It is connected to the bus circuit breaker Q1 and to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit via wired and / or wireless communication. It is used to receive power data and location information, control the on / off state of the bus circuit breaker Q1, and send control commands to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit to control the on / off state of the bus circuit breaker Q2, as well as control the output of the photovoltaic conversion unit and the power consumption and energy storage of the energy storage unit, so as to achieve dispatch. The construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit is also used to control the DC / DC bidirectional inverter of the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site to adjust its high-voltage side voltage to within the preset voltage deviation threshold when the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site moves to a new location and reconnects to the DC bus as the high-speed construction site advances. Then, it controls the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site to close. After closing, the exchange power between the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site and the DC bus is increased from zero to the target value according to the preset power ramping slope.

[0007] Furthermore, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit calculates the local power difference ∆ of each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site based on the power data of each sub-site. P i ( t )= P Load,i ( t )- P PV,i ( t ), P Load,i ( t )for t Time of the first i Real-time load power of each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site P PV,i ( t )for t Time of the first i Real-time output power of the photovoltaic conversion unit of a mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site; The steps for the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit to implement scheduling are as follows: S100, when ∆ P i When the value is ≤0, a control command is issued to enter the local photovoltaic autonomous mode, controlling the photovoltaic conversion unit to supply power to the load and converting excess electrical energy -∆ P i Charge the battery pack until the real-time battery state of charge (SOC) is reached. i ( t ) to reach SOC H Then stop charging, SOC H The high threshold for the state of charge of the battery pack; S200, when 0 < ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ), and SOC i ( t )>SOC L hour, P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ) is the first i The battery pack at each sub-site is currently at SOC i ( t The maximum discharge power that can be continuously output under the condition of SOC L When the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack reaches a low threshold, a control command is issued to enter the local photovoltaic-storage co-operation mode, controlling the photovoltaic conversion unit and the battery pack to jointly supply power to the load, and the discharge power of the battery pack... P Bat_dis,i ( t )=∆ P i ( t ); S300, when 0 < ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t And SOC i ( t )≤SOC L , or when ∆ P i > P Bat_dis_max,i ( t At this time, the additional power deficit that needs to be replenished is... P need,i ( t ) is: when ∆ P i > P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ), P need,i ( t )=∆ P i - P Bat_dis_max,i ( t When ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t And SOC i ( t )≤SOC L , Pneed,i ( t )=∆ P i ; The first in the local photovoltaic autonomous mode j Each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site has the following surplus power that it can provide externally: P sur,j ( t )=min{-∆ P j ( t )+ P Bat_dis_max,j ( t ), P DCDC_max,j}, and must meet SOC j ( t )>SOC L , P Bat_dis_max,j ( t ) is the first j The battery pack at each sub-site is currently at SOC j ( t The maximum discharge power that can be continuously output under these conditions. P DCDC_max,j For the first j The rated transmission power of the DC / DC bidirectional inverters at each substation; When all P sur,j ( t Set ≥ All P need,i ( t The system collects and issues control commands to enter the cross-site mutual assistance mode for the first station experiencing power shortage. i A mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site is controlled to close its bus circuit breaker Q2, allowing it to receive power through the DC bus. P bus_in,i ( t For the surplus power of the first j A mobile photovoltaic-storage substation is used to control the closure of its bus circuit breaker Q2 and increase the discharge power of its battery pack, enabling it to transmit power through the DC bus. P bus_out,j ( t ), P bus_in,i ( t )= P need,i ( t ), P bus_out,j ( t )Depend on P sur,j ( t) accounts for all P sur,j ( t Proportional allocation of the set; S400, when all P sur,j ( t set < all P need,i ( t Set, or t Number of mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites that are constantly without power N need ( t (greater than or equal to the preset threshold) N c , or ∆ P i >0 and SOC i ( t )≤SOC E and P PV,i ( t <0.2 P Load,i ( t When, SOC E The emergency state of charge (SOC) threshold for the battery pack. E <SOC L The control command to enter the centralized range-extended mode is issued, the control bus circuit breaker Q1 is closed, the centralized range-extended power generation unit is connected to the DC bus, and the range-extended power allocation value obtained by each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with power shortage is calculated: P gen,i ( t )=( ω i / ∑ ω k )· P gen_total ( t ), k∈S need ; in, S need This is a collection of mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites for projects facing power shortages. ω i =1 / ( L i a ), a The preset distance attenuation factor, L i For the first iThe physical distance between a mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-site lacking power and a centralized range-extended power generation unit is calculated by the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit using location information. P gen_total ( t )for t The total power delivered to the DC bus by the centralized range extender generator unit at all times.

[0008] After the range-extended power allocation is completed, the final power received by each mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-site that is experiencing power shortages is: P get,i ( t )= P bus_in,i ( t )+ P gen,i ( t );when P get,i ( t )< P need,i ( t When the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit improves... P gen_total ( t Until all mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites lacking power meet the requirements. P get,i ( t )≥ P need,i ( t (or increase to the rated power of a centralized range-extended generator unit) P gen_rated ; When the sum of the power deficits of all mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-sites experiencing power shortages is less than P gen_rated When the battery's charge level is below 30%, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit also sends energy to the battery when the real-time battery state of charge is below SOC. H The mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site issues an additional charging command, controls its bus circuit breaker Q2 to close, and receives additional charging power through the DC bus and stores it into the battery pack. The sum of the additional charging power keeps the actual load rate of the centralized range-extended power generation unit at 50%~90%.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. Replace the multi-point distributed diesel generator sets with a single centralized range extender unit. Combined with the four-level hierarchical criteria, the range extender is only used as a backup start-up, which greatly improves the equipment utilization rate and reduces the costs of procurement, leasing, inspection and fuel storage and transportation. Moreover, the four-level hierarchical architecture provides multiple redundant power supplies for each sub-site, avoiding construction interruptions caused by the depletion of a single energy source or communication failure. 2. By interconnecting the sub-sites through the DC bus, and combining the global power balance and cross-site mutual assistance criteria, the clean power of the sub-sites with surplus power is transmitted to the sub-sites with insufficient power, thereby eliminating energy islands and reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions. 3. Introduce process priority ranking to prioritize power supply for key construction stages, enabling the scheduling strategy to adapt to dynamic working conditions such as process switching and site relocation in real time; and utilize location information to prioritize matching the nearest power supply and receiving pairs in cross-station mutual assistance, and differentiate power supply according to the principle of higher proportion for closer distances in range extension allocation, effectively reducing long-distance bus transmission losses and improving power transmission efficiency. 4. By using voltage matching pre-charging and power ramp-up timing when mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites are reconnected to the DC bus after migration, the voltage of the DC bus is not impacted during repeated migrations, connections, and disconnections of the sub-sites along the construction site. This resolves the contradiction between dynamic changes in power supply topology and DC bus voltage stability in long-line construction scenarios. Furthermore, by adding additional charging to sub-sites in low-load states under centralized range-extended mode according to unit load rate constraints, the generator sets operate in a high-efficiency range every time they start up, avoiding low-load moisture accumulation and further reducing fuel consumption per unit of power generation and the number of unit start-ups and shutdowns. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the scheduling system structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0011] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the centralized range-extended power generation unit and the mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site according to an embodiment of this application.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0014] Figure 5 The four-level criteria for scheduling are implemented for the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit in this application embodiment.

[0015] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the nearest matching steps based on process priority and spatial distance in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0017] This application provides a distributed photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for highway construction, where multiple sites share range-extended power supplies. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the only centralized range-extended power generation unit deployed at the construction site, several mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites distributed along the construction sections of the highway, several construction condition data acquisition and communication units deployed at the corresponding mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites, and construction cluster energy management and scheduling units, etc.

[0018] The only centralized range-extended power generation unit deployed at the construction site converts AC power into DC power through generators, and then connects the DC power to the DC bus via bus circuit breaker Q1. The DC bus is laid out along the highway construction section and serves as the main power transmission line of the entire construction photovoltaic-storage cluster dispatch system. It is laid out along the permanent land boundary of the highway construction section, and a bus branch access point is set at every preset distance, such as 1km to 2km, so that each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site can connect to the nearest T-connection for power or feed power, forming a long-line DC power supply network with one line and multiple points.

[0019] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the centralized range-extended power generation unit includes a generator set and an AC / DC charger connected to the generator set via an AC terminal. The DC terminal of the AC / DC charger is connected to the DC bus via a bus circuit breaker Q1. The bus circuit breaker Q1 is a dedicated DC circuit breaker with overload protection, short-circuit protection, and remote electric operation functions. Its opening and closing control terminal is connected to the construction cluster energy management and dispatching unit via a control cable, and the dispatching unit issues opening and closing commands based on the global power balance criteria.

[0020] Preferably, the generator set is a silent generator set, suitable for noise reduction requirements in field construction. The silent generator set, by adding high-density sound-absorbing cotton, soundproof covers, and labyrinthine intake and exhaust silencer channels, ensures that the noise level at 1 meter during rated load operation does not exceed 75 dB(A), meeting the noise limits for construction in noise-sensitive areas such as residential areas and nature reserves along highway construction routes. The generator set uses fuels such as gasoline, diesel, methanol, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, and dimethyl ether, which are converted into AC power through the internal combustion engine. The fuel is stored in a skid-mounted fuel tank located next to the centralized range extender unit. The tank capacity is determined based on the average daily power demand and fuel replenishment cycle of the construction section, ensuring a fuel reserve of at least 72 hours under continuous construction conditions. The AC / DC charger rectifies the converted AC power into a wide-voltage DC power supply. The voltage level of the DC wide voltage power supply is preferably DC 600V~800V, which matches the rated voltage of the DC bus; the AC / DC charger adopts a three-phase PWM rectifier topology composed of IGBT power modules, which has a power factor correction function and can efficiently rectify the AC power output from the generator set into a stable DC output, and its rated power matches the rated power of the generator set.

[0021] Each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site is connected to the DC bus via a bus circuit breaker Q2, and moves accordingly as the highway construction site advances. The bus circuit breaker Q2 is a DC-specification circuit breaker of the same specification as the bus circuit breaker Q1. As each sub-site advances along the highway construction section according to the construction progress, the corresponding bus circuit breaker Q2 moves along with the sub-site equipment, realizing dynamic access selection with the station moving and the circuit breaker moving. The bus branch access point at the original construction site is physically disconnected from the DC bus via a pluggable cable connector after the sub-site is moved out, and sealed with a waterproof insulating sheath. It will be restored when a new sub-site is connected later.

[0022] Specifically, the mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site includes a photovoltaic conversion unit and an energy storage unit connected to it. The photovoltaic conversion unit and energy storage unit are connected to the load of their respective mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites. Both the photovoltaic conversion unit and energy storage unit are connected to the low-voltage side of a DC / DC bidirectional inverter, and the high-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter is connected to bus circuit breaker Q2. A filter capacitor is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the high-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter. The load consists of construction and living equipment within the high-speed construction section, including but not limited to pile drivers, pavers, tunnel boring machines, welding equipment, mixing plants, lighting, and electrical facilities in the construction and living areas. The load type and power demand of each sub-site change in real time with the dynamic switching of construction procedures, forming a natural peak-shaving characteristic in the power consumption sequence among the sub-sites.

[0023] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the photovoltaic conversion unit includes a photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic inverter connected to it. The photovoltaic panel adopts a waterproof snap-on structure, which has good waterproof effect, is easy and quick to install, supports tool-free installation of photovoltaic panels, has a plug-in life of >5000 cycles, and has an IP68 protection rating, making it suitable for harsh outdoor environments. The photovoltaic inverter adopts a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy to track the maximum output power point of the photovoltaic panel under the current irradiance conditions in real time, and converts the DC power output of the photovoltaic panel into AC power that matches the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the AC bus voltage and feeds it into the AC bus.

[0024] The energy storage unit includes a battery pack and a high-voltage box connected to it. The battery pack consists of lead-acid or lithium batteries connected in series and / or parallel. The battery pack capacity is designed to match the average daily electricity consumption and photovoltaic installed capacity of the construction section served by the sub-site. The preferred configuration is to meet the sub-site's continuous power supply needs for no less than 4 hours when the photovoltaic output is zero. The battery pack adopts a modular design, consisting of multiple standard-capacity battery modules connected in series or parallel. The battery modules are electrically connected through quick-connect connectors, which supports flexible addition or reduction of the number of battery modules according to changes in construction power demand, and facilitates single-module replacement and maintenance after battery life decay, without the need to replace the entire battery pack. The high-voltage box integrates a battery management system (BMS), which includes a master control module and multiple slave control modules. The slave control modules are connected to the individual cells of each battery module, collect individual cell voltage and temperature data, and transmit them to the master control module via a CAN bus. The master control module calculates the real-time state of charge (SOC) and real-time state of health (SOH) of the battery pack based on the collected data, and executes passive or active balancing strategies to maintain the consistency of each individual cell.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the DC port of the high-voltage box is connected to the low-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter, and the high-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter is connected to the DC bus through the bus circuit breaker Q2. That is, the DC port of the high-voltage box serves as the DC combiner node inside the substation. One path is boosted by the DC / DC bidirectional inverter and then connected to the external DC bus, realizing bidirectional power exchange between the substation and the DC bus. The DC / DC bidirectional inverter converts the low-voltage DC power from the high-voltage box side into high-voltage DC power that matches the DC bus voltage level through internal high-frequency isolation conversion. Conversely, it can also step down the voltage to feed the bus power into the high-voltage box, realizing decoupling matching between the internal voltage of the substation and the external DC bus voltage, avoiding equipment adaptation problems caused by voltage inconsistency.

[0026] Meanwhile, the DC port of the high-voltage box is also connected to the DC terminal of the DC / AC bidirectional converter, and the low-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter is also connected to the DC terminal of the DC / AC bidirectional converter. That is, the DC port of the high-voltage box and the low-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter converge to the DC terminal of the DC / AC bidirectional converter. The three form the same electrical DC node, so that the DC power of the battery pack can be supplied to the AC load after being inverted by the DC / AC bidirectional converter, or it can be fed into the DC bus after being stepped up by the DC / DC bidirectional inverter to realize cross-site dispatch. The power fed into the DC bus or cross-site can also be stepped down by the DC / DC bidirectional inverter and stored in the battery pack to realize a bidirectional power path.

[0027] The AC terminal of the DC / AC bidirectional converter is connected to the AC bus, and the load and photovoltaic inverter are connected to the AC bus. The DC / AC bidirectional converter can rectify AC power into DC power to charge the battery pack, or invert DC power into AC power to supply the load. The DC / AC bidirectional converter can flow power in both directions, realizing the mutual conversion of high and low voltage DC power and eliminating circulating current between battery packs with different SOCs. The Battery Management System (BMS) is used to calculate the real-time state of charge of the battery pack based on the collected voltage, current, and temperature of each individual cell in the battery pack, and to control the on / off and charging / discharging of the battery pack based on at least one of the collected voltage, temperature, and calculated real-time state of charge data. The BMS also connects to the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit of its sub-sites via a local communication interface (RS-485 or CAN bus), uploading information such as the real-time SOC, charging and discharging current, cell voltage extreme values, and fault alarms of the battery pack to the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit. It also receives charging and discharging control commands issued by the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit forwarded by the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit, and performs charging and discharging management of the battery pack accordingly.

[0028] Because each mobile photovoltaic-storage subsite relocates repeatedly as the construction site advances, its connection location and time to the DC bus are not fixed, and the topology of the DC bus is in a dynamic state of flux. This is an inherent operating condition that distinguishes the mobile photovoltaic-storage subsite from fixed sites in this embodiment. If the bus circuit breaker Q2 is closed directly after relocation, there is usually a deviation of tens to hundreds of volts between the voltage of the high-voltage side filter capacitor of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter of the subsite and the DC bus voltage. At the moment of closure, an inrush current with an amplitude of several times the rated current will be generated between the DC bus and the subsite. On the one hand, this can easily trigger the overcurrent protection of the subsite and the DC bus, leading to closing failure; on the other hand, it will cause the DC bus voltage to drop instantaneously, which will cause other electron-deficient sites that are being energized by the DC bus to experience undervoltage and power outage, resulting in construction interruption.

[0029] Therefore, when the mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site is relocated and reconnected to the DC bus, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit executes the following access sequence: First, the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit of the sub-site reads the real-time voltage of the DC bus. U bus ( t The data is then transmitted via a communication link to the construction cluster energy management and dispatch unit. Based on this, the construction cluster energy management and dispatch unit issues a pre-charging command, controlling the DC / DC bidirectional inverter at the sub-site to operate in voltage follower mode. The battery pack is then slowly charged through the high-voltage box to its high-voltage side filter capacitor, causing the high-voltage side voltage to... U j Rise to U bus ( t The absolute value of the difference between the two voltage deviation thresholds shall not exceed the preset voltage deviation threshold, which is preferably 2% of the rated voltage of the DC bus, i.e., not more than 15V when the rated voltage of the DC bus is DC 750V. Subsequently, the construction cluster energy management and dispatching unit issues a closing command to control the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the sub-site to close. After the closing is completed, the exchange power between the sub-site and the DC bus does not immediately reach the target value required for dispatching. Instead, the construction cluster energy management and dispatching unit linearly increases the power from zero to the target value according to the preset power ramping slope. The preset power ramping slope is preferably not more than 20% / s of the rated power of the sub-site, i.e., the time required to complete the power input is not less than 5s.

[0030] Correspondingly, before the mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites are relocated with the construction site, the energy management and scheduling unit of the construction cluster executes the exit in the reverse sequence: first, the exchange power between the sub-site and the DC bus is reduced from the current value to zero according to the preset power ramp rate; then, a tripping command is issued to the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the sub-site; only after confirming that the tripping is in place is the pluggable cable joint between the sub-site and the bus branch access point allowed to be disconnected, in order to avoid arcing and burning of the joint contacts caused by plugging and unplugging under load. After adopting the above access and exit sequence, the migration of each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site no longer causes voltage surges to the DC bus. The fluctuation of the DC bus voltage during the entire migration process can be controlled within ±3% of its rated value, so that the system can still maintain continuous operation of cross-site mutual assistance and centralized range extension scheduling under the condition of continuous advancement of construction sites.

[0031] Each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit is used to collect power data and location information from each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site, including real-time load power, real-time output power of the photovoltaic conversion unit, and real-time state of charge of the battery packs in the energy storage unit. For example... Figure 3As shown, specifically, the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit includes a main control board and a main control MCU, local communication interface, local output interface, Ethernet communication interface, wireless communication module, satellite positioning module, storage chip, and power conversion module.

[0032] The main control MCU preferably uses an industrial-grade ARM Cortex-M4 or M7 core microcontroller, running an embedded real-time operating system, and possessing multi-task scheduling and real-time data processing capabilities. The storage chips include onboard Flash memory for storing program firmware and configuration parameters, and a pluggable Micro SD card for caching historical data and event logs, with a storage capacity of no less than 32GB, supporting breakpoint resume data caching during communication interruptions. The local communication interface includes multiple RS-485 serial communication interfaces and a CAN bus interface, each with magnetic isolation protection. The local communication interface connects to the high-voltage box, photovoltaic inverter, and smart meters configured on the load, respectively, to read real-time battery state of charge, real-time output power of the photovoltaic conversion unit, and real-time load power, storing this as power data in the storage chip. The local communication interface is also used to output control commands to the start / stop control terminal of the photovoltaic inverter. The local output interface connects to the high-voltage box and bus circuit breaker Q2. The local output interface includes multiple isolated digital output ports (dry contact or DC 24V level output), which are respectively connected to the control input terminals of the contactors in the high-voltage box and the control terminals of the electric operating mechanism of the bus circuit breaker Q2, for outputting on / off control commands or mode switching commands. Each output port is optocoupler isolated, with a drive current capability of not less than 500mA, ensuring reliable drive of the actuators of the controlled equipment. The power conversion module connects to the high-voltage box and is used to convert the battery pack output to DC-DC to power the main control board and its various active modules. Specifically, the input voltage range of the power conversion module is DC 200V~800V (adapting to the battery pack voltage of different sub-sites). After isolated DC-DC conversion, it outputs multiple independent regulated power supplies, including +5V / 3A (powering the main control MCU and digital chips), +3.3V / 2A (powering the communication interface chip and memory chip), and +24V / 2A (powering the isolated drive side of the local output interface and the wireless communication module). The satellite positioning module is used to acquire GPS and / or BeiDou positioning information and store it in the memory chip; the Ethernet communication interface is used to connect to the network switch via a network cable for wired communication with the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit; the wireless communication module preferably adopts a 4G / 5G full-network communication module for wireless communication with the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit; the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit uploads the power data and positioning information of the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site to the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit through the Ethernet communication interface and / or the wireless communication module, and receives the control commands transmitted by the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit. The main control MCU is used to parse the control commands and generate local commands. The local commands are output to the battery management system (BMS) of the high-voltage box through the local output interface to control the on / off and charging / discharging of the battery pack, output to the bus circuit breaker Q2 to control its on / off, and output to the photovoltaic inverter through the local communication interface to control it to supply power only to the load or to supply power to the load while charging the battery pack with excess power.

[0033] The construction cluster energy management and dispatch unit is deployed at the centralized range-extended power generation unit, connected to bus circuit breaker Q1, and connected to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit via wired and / or wireless communication. It receives power data and location information, controls the on / off state of bus circuit breaker Q1, and sends control commands to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit to control the on / off state of bus circuit breaker Q2, as well as the output of the photovoltaic conversion unit and the power consumption and storage of the energy storage unit, thereby achieving dispatch. Specifically, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the energy management and scheduling unit of the construction cluster includes a scheduling server host and connected to it a communication management unit, a data storage server, a local digital quantity port, and a scheduling power module. The scheduling server host preferably uses an industrial-grade rack-mount server or a high-performance industrial control computer, running a real-time Linux or Windows Embedded operating system, and carrying energy management and scheduling system software as the computing platform for scheduling algorithms and communication protocols. The communication management unit is connected to the scheduling server host via Ethernet, responsible for protocol conversion and data aggregation. The data storage server is connected to the scheduling server host via a high-speed SAS or SATA interface.

[0034] The dispatch power module connects to the output of the centralized range extender generator and supplies power to the construction cluster energy management dispatch unit after passing through a DC-DC isolation converter. Optionally, the input of the dispatch power module connects to the DC output side of an AC / DC charger, and after being stepped down by a high-voltage DC-DC isolation converter, outputs multiple low-voltage isolated power supplies, which power the dispatch server host (DC24V or ATX standard power supply), the communication management unit (DC12V), the data storage server (DC24V), and the local digital input port (DC24V drive power supply). The communication management unit integrates an Ethernet interface and a 4G / 5G communication module. The dispatch server host communicates with each construction condition data acquisition communication unit through the communication management unit. The Ethernet interface on the communication management unit side forms a wired link with the Ethernet interface on each sub-site side, and the 4G / 5G module on the communication management unit side forms a wireless link with the wireless communication module on each sub-site side, with both sides serving as backups for each other. The local digital input port connects to the bus circuit breaker Q1; the data storage server stores the power data and location information of each mobile construction optical storage sub-site received through the communication management unit; the dispatch server host generates control commands and access commands based on the stored power data and location information. The control commands are transmitted to each construction condition data acquisition communication unit through the communication management unit. The dispatch server host collects the on / off status of the bus circuit breaker Q1 through the local digital input port and transmits access commands to the bus circuit breaker Q1 through the local digital input port to control its on / off state; the data storage server is also used to store control commands and access commands.

[0035] As a preference of this embodiment, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit further comprises a GPS / Beidou timing module configured to acquire a satellite synchronous clock and connect to a scheduling server host; the scheduling server host is configured to unify the time reference according to the satellite synchronous clock and synchronize the time reference to each construction working condition data acquisition and communication unit through the communication manager, so as to ensure the timing consistency of acquired data; the time reference is stored in a data storage server. Since the power data (such as photovoltaic output, load power, battery SOC) of each sub-station needs to be subjected to global power balance calculation under the same time section, the unified time reference can ensure the timing consistency of data reported by each station, and avoid power calculation deviation and scheduling decision errors caused by local clock drift of each sub-station. Meanwhile, the synchronous time reference also provides an accurate time-scale basis for matching power curves of power supply and power receiver parties according to time sequence in cross-station mutual assistance scheduling.

[0036] The construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit calculates the local power difference ∆ of each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-station according to the power data of each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-station P i ( t )= P Load,i ( t )- P PV,i ( t , P Load,i ( t ) is t the real-time load power of the i -th mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-station at time , P PV,i ( t ) is t the real-time output power of the photovoltaic conversion unit of the i -th mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-station at time . When ∆ P i ( t ) ≤ 0, it indicates that the photovoltaic output of the sub-station is sufficient to cover the load, the sub-station is in a surplus power state, and the surplus power can charge the battery pack or feed power to the DC bus; when ∆ P i ( t ) > 0, it indicates that the photovoltaic output of the sub-station is insufficient to cover the load, there is a power shortage, which needs to be compensated by sequentially calling local energy storage discharge, cross-station bus mutual assistance or centralized range-extended backup. The P Load,i ( t ) is collected in real time by an intelligent electricity meter deployed at the load distribution box, and uploaded to the construction working condition data acquisition and communication unit through a local communication interface before being forwarded to the scheduling unit; P PV,i (t The data is calculated in real time by the photovoltaic inverter using its internal MPPT algorithm and uploaded to the scheduling unit via the same method through the local communication interface. The acquisition period for both data streams is on the order of seconds, preferably not exceeding 1 second, to ensure ∆ P i ( t It can reflect the instantaneous power balance status of each substation in real time.

[0037] The steps for the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit to implement scheduling are as follows: Figure 5 As shown: S100, Level 1 criterion, when ∆ P i When the value is ≤0, a control command is issued to enter the local photovoltaic autonomous mode, controlling the photovoltaic conversion unit to supply power to the load and converting excess electrical energy -∆ P i Charge the battery pack until the real-time battery state of charge (SOC) is reached. i ( t ) to reach SOC H Then stop charging, SOC H The high threshold for the state of charge of the battery pack is set. Specifically, the control command is issued by the energy management and scheduling unit of the construction cluster to the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit of the corresponding sub-site via the communication management unit, and then forwarded by the local communication interface to the photovoltaic inverter and the local output interface to the BMS in the high voltage box to achieve coordinated control of power flow.

[0038] In this mode, the output power of the photovoltaic conversion unit first meets the load demand of the site. Excess power is used to charge the battery pack via the path: AC bus → DC / AC bidirectional converter (rectifier mode) → high-voltage box → battery pack. The charging power is controlled by BMS limits, and the actual charging power is... P ch,i ( t )=min{-∆ P i , P Bat_ch_max,i (t)}, where P Bat_ch_max,i (t) represents the maximum allowable charging power of the battery pack, calculated in real time by the BMS based on the battery's SOC, temperature, and health status. The high state-of-charge (SOC) threshold is mentioned above. HThe preset value is preferably within the range of 90% to 95%. When the battery pack's SOC reaches this threshold, the BMS reports a "battery full" status to the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit. Based on this, the dispatch unit issues a stop charging command and marks the surplus power at this site as surplus capacity available for cross-site dispatch, for use in the third-level cross-site mutual assistance dispatch, to avoid the abandonment of photovoltaic power generation due to insufficient local load and fully charged energy storage. In the local photovoltaic autonomous mode, the generator set does not start, and the battery pack only acts as a power receiving end to receive surplus photovoltaic power for charging, without discharging externally, thereby realizing the priority utilization and maximum consumption of photovoltaic clean energy.

[0039] S200, Secondary Criterion: When 0 < ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ), and SOC i ( t )>SOC L hour, P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ) is the first i The battery pack at each sub-site is currently at SOC i ( t The maximum discharge power that can be continuously output under the condition of SOC L When the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack reaches a low threshold, a control command is issued to enter the local photovoltaic-storage co-operation mode, controlling the photovoltaic conversion unit and the battery pack to jointly supply power to the load, and the discharge power of the battery pack... P Bat_dis,i ( t )=∆ P i ( t ).

[0040] In this mode, the photovoltaic conversion unit outputs full power in maximum power point tracking mode. P PV,i ( t All power is fed into the AC bus to supply the load; the portion not covered by photovoltaic output, i.e., the local power difference ∆ P i The power is replenished by the battery pack through a DC / AC bidirectional converter (operating in inverter mode), and the discharge power is exactly equal to ∆. P i This achieves seamless complementarity between photovoltaic power output and battery discharge, jointly meeting the load power demand. At this time, the battery pack discharge power is monitored in real time by the BMS to ensure it does not exceed the maximum sustainable discharge power under the current SOC. P Bat_dis_max,i ( t This helps prevent over-discharge of the battery. The low state of charge (SOC) threshold is mentioned. LThe preset value is preferably between 20% and 30%. When the SOC of the battery pack is higher than this threshold, the battery is allowed to discharge normally. When the SOC drops to this threshold, the BMS reports a "low battery" status to the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit. Based on this, the dispatch unit exits the local photovoltaic-storage collaborative mode and switches to inter-site mutual assistance or centralized range extension mode to prevent battery life degradation due to deep discharge. In this mode, local photovoltaic resources are utilized first, and the insufficient part is supplemented by local energy storage. It does not rely on inter-site transmission and range extension power generation, which reduces the line loss of the DC bus and the fuel consumption of the generator set.

[0041] S300, Level 3 criterion, when 0 < ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t And SOC i ( t )≤SOC L , or when ∆ P i > P Bat_dis_max,i ( t At this time, the additional power deficit that needs to be replenished is... P need,i ( t ) is: when ∆ P i > P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ), P need,i ( t )=∆ P i - P Bat_dis_max,i ( t When ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t And SOC i ( t )≤SOC L , P need,i ( t )=∆ P i The trigger condition for entering the cross-site mutual assistance mode is that the local photovoltaic and energy storage collaboration can no longer meet the load demand, including two operating conditions: Operating condition one is that the battery has sufficient power, but the maximum discharge power of the battery pack is insufficient to support the load shortfall, that is, the difference between the photovoltaic output and the load exceeds the upper limit of the battery pack's discharge capacity; Operating condition two is that the battery pack has sufficient discharge capacity, but the remaining power is lower than the protection threshold, and it is not allowed to continue discharging.

[0042] The first in the local photovoltaic autonomous mode j Each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site has the following surplus power that it can provide externally: P sur,j ( t )=min{-∆ P j ( t )+ P Bat_dis_max,j ( t ), P DCDC_max,j}, and must meet SOC j ( t )>SOC L , P Bat_dis_max,j ( t ) is the first j The battery pack at each sub-site is currently at SOC j ( t The maximum discharge power that can be continuously output under these conditions. P DCDC_max,j For the first j The rated transmission power of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter at each sub-site; that is, the surplus power consists of two parts, one part being the surplus power of the sub-site's photovoltaic output exceeding the local load -∆ P j ( t This part, originally used for charging the battery packs at this sub-site, is now switched to external power supply via the DC bus during inter-site power sharing; the other part is for ensuring that the battery packs at this sub-site maintain a state of charge (SOC) of at least 1%. L The additional power that can be released under the premise of [specific conditions] is used to supplement the external transmission capacity when the excess photovoltaic power is insufficient to make up for the power shortage at the receiving end. The sum of the two parts is also limited by the rated transmission power of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter of the sub-site. P DCDC_max,j To avoid converter overload. When SOC j ( t )≤SOC L At that time, the battery pack at this sub-site does not participate in external power transmission, and its surplus power is only taken as min{-∆ P j ( t ), P DCDC_max,j When the substation itself is in a power shortage state, its surplus power is marked as 0 and it does not participate in cross-site scheduling.

[0043] When all P sur,j ( t Set ≥ All P need,i (t The system collects and issues control commands to enter the cross-site mutual assistance mode for the first station experiencing power shortage. i A mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site is controlled to close its bus circuit breaker Q2, allowing it to receive power through the DC bus. P bus_in,i ( t For the surplus power of the first j A mobile photovoltaic-storage substation is used to control the closure of its bus circuit breaker Q2 and increase the discharge power of its battery pack, enabling it to transmit power through the DC bus. P bus_out,j ( t ), P bus_in,i ( t )= P need,i ( t ), P bus_out,j ( t )Depend on P sur,j ( t ) accounts for all P sur,j ( t The proportional allocation of the set. Specifically, on the side lacking an electronic station: after receiving the command, the control bus circuit breaker Q2 closes, connecting the DC port of this station to the DC bus via the DC / DC bidirectional inverter, receiving power. P bus_in,i ( t After being stepped down by a DC / DC bidirectional inverter, the voltage is stored in the battery pack in the high-voltage box and / or inverted by a DC / AC bidirectional converter to supply AC loads. The specific distribution is adjusted secondary by the construction condition data acquisition and communication unit based on the real-time SOC and load conditions of this site. At the surplus power sub-site: upon receiving the command, the control bus circuit breaker Q2 closes, and its battery pack discharge power is increased, so that the battery pack, after being stepped up by the high-voltage box and DC / DC bidirectional inverter, sends power to the DC bus. P bus_out,j ( t The power output is allocated according to the surplus capacity ratio to ensure that each surplus site fairly undertakes the power supply task according to its actual surplus capacity, and to avoid some sites from over-discharging while other sites have idle surplus power.

[0044] Preferably, in the cross-site mutual assistance mode, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit controls the execution of a proximity matching step based on process priority and spatial distance before the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with power shortage and surplus power is closed and power is allocated according to the ratio. Figure 6 As shown: S310. Based on the location information, obtain the distance along the route between each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with power shortage and each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with surplus power; optionally, the distance along the route is calculated by multiplying the straight-line distance between the two sub-sites by the bending correction factor along the DC bus laying path. k path Sure, k path >1; k path It is used to correct the deviation between the actual length of the line and the straight-line distance caused by the meandering of the highway along the terrain and the laying of the DC bus along the curvature of the roadbed. k path The value is determined based on the terrain complexity of the construction section. In plains areas, it can be 1.1 to 1.2, and in mountainous and hilly areas, it can be 1.3 to 1.5. The distance along the line determined in this way is closer to the actual busbar path length, providing a more accurate decision-making basis for subsequent matching. S320. Sort each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site with power shortage according to the priority of the work process. Tunnel construction level is superior to bridge construction level, bridge construction level is superior to roadbed construction level, and roadbed construction level is superior to residential area power supply. If the priorities are the same, sort them from largest to smallest shortage as the priority from high to low.

[0045] The prioritization of the above procedures is based on the different technical consequences of power outages for various construction loads, namely, the permissible power outage duration that each type of load can withstand. T allow The difference lies in the fact that a power outage affecting the ventilation, water drainage, and emergency lighting loads during tunnel construction would directly endanger the safety of workers inside the tunnel. T allow A load of 0 indicates an uninterrupted load. If the concrete pouring and mixing load during bridge construction is interrupted, cold joints will form between the already poured layers and subsequent pouring layers, weakening the overall structural integrity. T allow The initial setting time of the concrete used determines the temperature; after the asphalt paving and compaction load is interrupted during subgrade construction, the mixture temperature will drop below the compaction temperature, making further construction impossible. T allow The allowable temperature drop time of the mixture is determined; power outages in the living area only affect user comfort and do not cause irreversible engineering quality consequences. T allow The preset maximum value is taken. Therefore, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit maps the work process to which each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site belongs to the corresponding... T allow And according to the load carried by each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site T allowThe minimum values ​​are sorted from smallest to largest, resulting in a sorting result consistent with the above-mentioned process priorities; when load types other than the above four process types appear within a construction section, they can also be sorted according to their... T allow Insert directly into the sorted sequence without specifying its priority level.

[0046] S330. Starting with the highest priority mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site that is experiencing power shortage, for each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site experiencing power shortage, the following deficit compensation plan shall be executed sequentially: S331. Prioritize selecting the mobile construction photovoltaic storage substation with the nearest surplus power along the route to the currently power-deficient mobile construction photovoltaic storage substation as its power supplier. S332. When the surplus power of the selected power supplier is insufficient to make up for the power shortage of the mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site, several mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-sites with surplus power are selected in order of distance along the line from near to far to make up for the power shortage, until the power shortage of the mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site is completely made up. S333. For each pair of power suppliers and mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-sites lacking power, as determined by S331 and S332, the distance between them along the line shall be calculated. L jk Resistance per unit length of DC bus r 0 Calculate the required transmission power of the power supply and receiving pair. P jk DC bus voltage drop ∆ U = P jk r 0 L jk / U bus ,in U bus This is the rated voltage of the DC bus; when ∆ U Greater than U bus When the voltage drop is 5%, it is determined that the transmission path of the power supply and receiving pair is too long or the transmission power is too large. Continuing to supply power along this path will result in an excessively high line loss ratio and may trigger its undervoltage protection due to the low voltage at the receiving end. Therefore, the power supplier is abandoned, and the next mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with surplus power is selected as the power supplier according to the distance along the line from near to far, until the voltage drop constraint is met. When all mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites with surplus power fail to meet the voltage drop constraint, the power shortage of the mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site is supplemented by the centralized range extension mode.

[0047] S400, a level four criterion, has three triggering conditions: Condition 1: When all P sur,j( t set < all P need,i ( t The set represents a total schedulable capacity of all substations with surplus power that is less than the total deficit of all substations lacking power. Condition two: t Number of mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites that are constantly without power N need ( t (greater than or equal to the preset threshold) N c Optional, such as N c Setting it to 3 or 4 indicates that there are too many substations experiencing simultaneous power outages. Condition 3: Δ P i >0 and SOC i ( t )≤SOC E and P PV,i ( t <0.2 P Load,i ( t When, SOC E The emergency state of charge (SOC) threshold for the battery pack. E <SOC L This means that a single substation is in an extreme power shortage state, with extremely low photovoltaic output and battery power reduced to below the emergency threshold.

[0048] The system is triggered when any one of the three triggering conditions is met. A control command to enter the centralized range-extended mode is issued, controlling the bus circuit breaker Q1 to close, connecting the centralized range-extended power generation unit to the DC bus, and calculating the range-extended power allocation value obtained by each mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-site experiencing power shortage: P gen,i ( t )=( ω i / ∑ ω k )· P gen_total ( t ), k∈S need ; in, S need This is a collection of mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites for projects facing power shortages. ω i =1 / ( L i a ),a The preset distance attenuation factor, L i The physical distance between the i-th mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site lacking power and the centralized range extender unit is calculated by the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit using location information. P gen_total ( t Let be the total power transmitted from the centralized range extender unit to the DC bus at time t. Since the DC bus is laid along a long highway, the line resistance is proportional to the distance. The closer a station is to the centralized range extender unit, the lower its line loss and the higher the utilization efficiency of the extended-range power. Therefore, by using distance weighting for differentiated allocation, the extended-range power is prioritized for supplying nearby stations with insufficient power, while the deficit at more distant stations is addressed as much as possible through local photovoltaic power, energy storage, and inter-station mutual assistance, thereby achieving globally optimal utilization of the extended-range power generation. Distance attenuation factor. a Used to adjust the sensitivity of the effect of distance on the allocation ratio. a The larger the value, the higher the allocation ratio received by near-end sites and the lower the allocation ratio received by far-end sites; a The preferred range is 1 to 2, especially in construction sections with long routes (e.g., exceeding 30 kilometers). a A larger value can be selected to further reduce long-distance transmission losses.

[0049] After the range-extended power allocation is completed, the final power received by each mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-site that is experiencing power shortages is: P get,i ( t )= P bus_in,i ( t )+ P gen,i ( t Even after allocating according to the above distance weights, the following still exist. P get,i ( t )< P need,i ( t When constructing mobile photovoltaic storage sub-sites, the energy management and scheduling unit of the construction cluster increases its efficiency step by step. P gen_total ( t Until all mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites lacking power meet the requirements. P get,i ( t )≥ P need,i ( t ),or P gen_total ( t The rated power of the centralized range-extended generator unit has been increased. Pgen_rated In the latter case, power will be restricted to mobile construction photovoltaic-storage substations that are experiencing power shortages in order of priority from low to high, in order to ensure continuous power supply for high-priority construction procedures.

[0050] Furthermore, the centralized range-extended mode also imposes constraints on the actual load rate of the centralized range-extended power generation unit. When the internal combustion generator set operates continuously at a load rate 30% below its rated power, the in-cylinder combustion temperature is low, and unburned fuel and carbon deposits accumulate in the exhaust pipe and turbocharger, resulting in wet accumulation. This not only increases fuel consumption per unit of power generation but also shortens the unit's overhaul interval. Therefore, when the sum of the power deficits of each mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-site that is experiencing power shortages ∑ P need,i ( t Less than the rated power of the centralized range extender unit P gen_rated When the battery's charge level is below 30%, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit, while issuing the range-extended power allocation value, also sends power to batteries with a real-time state of charge (SOC) below 30%. H Furthermore, its Battery Management System (BMS) allows the mobile photovoltaic-storage substation to issue additional charging commands, controlling the closing of the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the mobile photovoltaic-storage substation, enabling it to receive additional charging power via the DC bus. P add,k ( t The power is stepped down by a DC / DC bidirectional inverter and then stored in the battery pack through the high-voltage box; the sum of all additional charging powers makes ∑ P need,i ( t )+∑ P add,k ( t The power output falls within 50% to 90% of the rated power of the centralized range-extended generator unit, even if its actual load rate remains between 50% and 90%. Additional charging power is preferentially allocated to mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-sites located close to the centralized range-extended generator unit along the route and with low real-time battery state of charge. Therefore, once the centralized range-extended generator unit is started, it operates in a high-efficiency range, and its excess power generation is stored as reserve power for the cluster. This avoids low-load accumulation and extends the power supply time the cluster can maintain after this startup, thereby further reducing the number of unit start-ups and shutdowns.

[0051] When the following conditions are met simultaneously, the centralized range extension mode is exited, and the dispatching unit issues a tripping command to the bus circuit breaker Q1, causing the centralized range extension generation unit to exit the DC bus: (1) Total global deficit ∑ P need,i ( t Less than the rated transmission capacity of the busbar P bus_rated30%; (2) The average SOC of each missing electron site recovers to the preset recovery threshold SOC. R The above, including SOC R The preferred value range is 50% to 60%; (3) the above state remains stable for a period of time exceeding the preset time threshold. T hold , T hold The preferred time is 5 to 10 minutes. The purpose of adding a threshold for exiting the stabilization period is to avoid frequent start-ups and shutdowns of the range extender units due to instantaneous load fluctuations. Frequent start-ups and shutdowns not only increase fuel consumption and equipment wear but also cause repeated voltage surges to the DC bus, affecting system stability. After exiting the centralized range extender mode, the system automatically reverts to the inter-site mutual assistance mode, the local photovoltaic autonomous mode, or the local photovoltaic-storage collaborative mode.

[0052] The significance of the centralized range-extending mode in this embodiment lies in its role as the last-stage backup power source for the system. It is only put into operation when local photovoltaic, local energy storage, and cross-site mutual assistance cannot meet the demand. This is fundamentally different from the extensive mode of existing technologies, which uses one diesel engine per site and operates at low load year-round.

[0053] This implementation scheme employs a four-tiered filtering mechanism, prioritizing the use of clean energy, followed by reserve energy, then mutual support among clean energy sources, with range extender energy used only as an emergency backup. This mechanism minimizes generator operating time and fuel consumption, significantly reducing carbon emissions while ensuring reliable power supply for construction, thus aligning with green high-speed construction and dual-carbon emission targets.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application.

Claims

1. A distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multiple sites sharing range-extended power supplies, characterized in that: include: The only centralized range extender generator unit deployed at the construction site is used to convert AC power into DC power through generator work, and then convert the converted AC power into DC power, which is connected to the DC bus through bus circuit breaker Q1; the DC bus is arranged along the construction section of the expressway. Several mobile photovoltaic-storage substations distributed along the construction sections of the expressway are each connected to the DC bus via a bus circuit breaker Q2, and move accordingly as the expressway construction progresses. Each mobile photovoltaic-storage substation includes a photovoltaic conversion unit and an energy storage unit connected to it. The photovoltaic conversion unit and the energy storage unit are connected to the load of their respective mobile photovoltaic-storage substations. Both the photovoltaic conversion unit and the energy storage unit are connected to one end of the low-voltage side of a DC / DC bidirectional inverter, and one end of the high-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter is connected to the bus circuit breaker Q2. Several construction condition data acquisition and communication units are deployed at corresponding mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites to collect power data and location information of each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site, including real-time load power, real-time output power of photovoltaic conversion units, and real-time battery charge status of battery packs in energy storage units. The construction cluster energy management and dispatch unit is deployed at the centralized range-extended power generation unit. It is connected to the bus circuit breaker Q1 and to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit via wired and / or wireless communication. It is used to receive power data and location information, control the on / off state of the bus circuit breaker Q1, and send control commands to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit to control the on / off state of the bus circuit breaker Q2, as well as control the output of the photovoltaic conversion unit and the power consumption and energy storage of the energy storage unit, so as to achieve dispatch. The construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit is also used to control the DC / DC bidirectional inverter of the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site to adjust its high-voltage side voltage to within the preset voltage deviation threshold when the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site moves to a new location and reconnects to the DC bus as the high-speed construction site advances. Then, it controls the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site to close. After closing, the exchange power between the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site and the DC bus is increased from zero to the target value according to the preset power ramping slope.

2. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multiple sites sharing range-extended power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centralized range extender unit includes a generator set and an AC / DC charger connected to the generator set. The DC terminal of the AC / DC charger is connected to the DC bus through the bus circuit breaker Q1.

3. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multiple sites sharing range-extended power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic conversion unit includes a photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic inverter connected thereto, and the energy storage unit includes a battery pack and a high-voltage box connected thereto. The DC port of the high-voltage box is connected to one end of the low-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter. One end of the high-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter is connected to the DC bus through the bus circuit breaker Q2. The DC port of the high-voltage box is also connected to the DC end of the DC / AC bidirectional converter. One end of the low-voltage side of the DC / DC bidirectional inverter is also connected to the DC end of the DC / AC bidirectional converter. The AC end of the DC / AC bidirectional converter is connected to the AC bus. The load and the photovoltaic inverter are connected to the AC bus. The high-voltage box integrates a battery management system (BMS), which calculates the real-time state of charge of the battery pack based on the voltage, current, and temperature of each individual cell in the battery pack, and controls the on / off and charging / discharging of the battery pack based on at least one of the collected voltage, temperature, and calculated real-time state of charge.

4. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multi-site shared range-extended power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that, The construction condition data acquisition and communication unit includes a main control board and a main control MCU, local communication interface, local output interface, Ethernet communication interface, wireless communication module, satellite positioning module, storage chip, and power conversion module. The local communication interface connects to the high-voltage box, photovoltaic inverter, and smart meter configured on the load to read the real-time battery state of charge, real-time output power of the photovoltaic conversion unit, and real-time load power, respectively, as power data and store them in the storage chip. The local output interface is connected to the high-voltage box and bus circuit breaker Q2; The power conversion module is connected to the high-voltage box and is used to convert the output of the battery pack into DC-DC power supply to the main control board and its various active modules. The satellite positioning module is used to acquire GPS and / or BeiDou positioning information and store it in the storage chip; The Ethernet communication interface is used to connect to a network switch via a network cable for wired communication with the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit; The wireless communication module is used to communicate wirelessly with the energy management and scheduling unit of the construction cluster; The construction condition data acquisition and communication unit uploads power data and location information of the mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site to the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit through an Ethernet communication interface and / or a wireless communication module, and receives control commands transmitted by the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit. The main control MCU is used to parse the control commands and generate local commands. The local commands are output to the battery management system (BMS) of the high-voltage box through the local output interface to control the on / off and charging / discharging of the battery pack, output to the bus circuit breaker Q2 to control its on / off, and output to the photovoltaic inverter through the local communication interface to control it to supply power only to the load or to supply power to the load while charging excess power to the battery pack.

5. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multiple sites sharing range-extended power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that, The construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit includes a scheduling server host and a communication management machine, a data storage server, a local digital quantity port, and a scheduling power module connected to it. The dispatch power module connects to the output of the centralized range-extended generator unit, and supplies power to the construction cluster energy management dispatch unit after passing through a DC-DC isolation converter; The communication management unit integrates an Ethernet interface and a 4G / 5G communication module. The scheduling server host communicates with the data acquisition and communication units of each construction condition through the communication management unit. The local digital input port is connected to the bus circuit breaker Q1; The data storage server is used to store the power data and location information of each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site received through the communication management unit; The dispatch server host is used to generate control commands and access commands based on the stored power data and location information. The control commands are transmitted to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit through the communication management unit. The dispatch server host collects the on / off status of bus circuit breaker Q1 through the local digital port and transmits access commands to bus circuit breaker Q1 through the local digital port to control its on / off state. Data storage servers are also used to store control commands and access commands.

6. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multi-site shared range-extended power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that, The construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit also includes a GPS / BeiDou timing module for acquiring satellite synchronization clocks and connecting to the scheduling server host. The scheduling server host is used to unify the time reference according to the satellite synchronization clock and synchronize the time reference to each construction condition data acquisition and communication unit through the communication management unit to ensure the time sequence consistency of the acquired data. The time base is stored on a data storage server.

7. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multiple sites sharing range-extended power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit calculates the local power difference ∆ of each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site based on the power data of each sub-site. P i ( t )= P Load,i ( t )- P PV,i ( t ), P Load,i ( t )for t Time of the first i Real-time load power of each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site P PV,i ( t )for t Time of the first i Real-time output power of the photovoltaic conversion unit of a mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site; The steps for the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit to implement scheduling are as follows: S100, when ∆ P i When the value is ≤0, a control command is issued to enter the local photovoltaic autonomous mode, controlling the photovoltaic conversion unit to supply power to the load and converting excess electrical energy -∆ P i Charge the battery pack until the real-time battery state of charge (SOC) is reached. i ( t ) to reach SOC H Then stop charging, SOC H The high threshold for the state of charge of the battery pack; S200, when 0 < ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ), and SOC i ( t )>SOC L hour, P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ) is the first i The battery pack at each sub-site is currently at SOC i ( t The maximum discharge power that can be continuously output under the condition of SOC L When the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack reaches a low threshold, a control command is issued to enter the local photovoltaic-storage co-operation mode, controlling the photovoltaic conversion unit and the battery pack to jointly supply power to the load, and the discharge power of the battery pack... P Bat_dis,i ( t )=∆ P i ( t ); S300, when 0 < ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t And SOC i ( t )≤SOC L , or when ∆ P i > P Bat_dis_max,i ( t At this time, the additional power deficit that needs to be replenished is... P need,i ( t ) is: when ∆ P i > P Bat_dis_max,i ( t ), P need,i ( t )=∆ P i - P Bat_dis_max,i ( t When ∆ P i ≤ P Bat_dis_max,i ( t And SOC i ( t )≤SOC L , P need,i ( t )=∆ P i ; The first in the local photovoltaic autonomous mode j Each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site has the following surplus power that it can provide externally: P sur,j ( t )=min{-∆ P j ( t )+ P Bat_dis_max,j ( t ), P DCDC_max,j }, and must meet SOC j ( t )>SOC L , P Bat_dis_max,j ( t ) is the first j The battery pack at each sub-site is currently at SOC j ( t The maximum discharge power that can be continuously output under these conditions. P DCDC_max,j For the first j The rated transmission power of the DC / DC bidirectional inverters at each substation; When all P sur,j ( t Set ≥ All P need,i ( t The system collects and issues control commands to enter the cross-site mutual assistance mode for the first station experiencing power shortage. i A mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site is controlled to close its bus circuit breaker Q2, allowing it to receive power through the DC bus. P bus_in,i ( t For the surplus power of the first j A mobile photovoltaic-storage substation is used to control the closure of its bus circuit breaker Q2 and increase the discharge power of its battery pack, enabling it to transmit power through the DC bus. P bus_out,j ( t ), P bus_in,i ( t )= P need,i ( t ), P bus_out,j ( t )Depend on P sur,j ( t ) accounts for all P sur,j ( t Proportional allocation of the set; S400, when all P sur,j ( t set < all P need,i ( t Set, or t Number of mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites that are constantly without power N need ( t (greater than or equal to the preset threshold) N c , or ∆ P i >0 and SOC i ( t )≤SOC E and P PV,i ( t <0.2 P Load,i ( t When, SOC E The emergency state of charge (SOC) threshold for the battery pack. E <SOC L The control command to enter the centralized range-extended mode is issued, the control bus circuit breaker Q1 is closed, the centralized range-extended power generation unit is connected to the DC bus, and the range-extended power allocation value obtained by each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with power shortage is calculated: P gen,i ( t )=( ω i / ∑ ω k )· P gen_total ( t )， k∈S need ； in, S need This is a collection of mobile construction photovoltaic and energy storage sub-sites for projects facing power shortages. ω i =1 / ( L i a ), a The preset distance attenuation factor, L i For the first i The physical distance between a mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-site lacking power and a centralized range-extended power generation unit is calculated by the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit using location information. P gen_total ( t )for t The total power delivered to the DC bus by the centralized range extender generator unit at all times.

8. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multiple sites sharing range-extended power supply according to claim 7, characterized in that, After the range-extended power allocation is completed, the final power received by each mobile photovoltaic-storage sub-site that is experiencing power shortages is: P get,i ( t )= P bus_in,i ( t )+ P gen,i ( t );when P get,i ( t )< P need,i ( t When the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit improves... P gen_total ( t Until all mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-sites lacking power meet the requirements. P get,i ( t )≥ P need,i ( t (or increase to the rated power of a centralized range-extended generator unit) P gen_rated ; When the sum of the power deficits of all mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-sites experiencing power shortages is less than P gen_rated When the battery's charge level is below 30%, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit also sends energy to the battery when the real-time battery state of charge is below SOC. H The mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site issues an additional charging command, controls its bus circuit breaker Q2 to close, and receives additional charging power through the DC bus and stores it into the battery pack. The sum of the additional charging power keeps the actual load rate of the centralized range-extended power generation unit at 50%~90%.

9. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multiple sites sharing range-extended power supply according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the cross-site mutual assistance mode, the construction cluster energy management and scheduling unit performs the following steps before closing the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with power shortage and surplus power and before allocating power according to the ratio: S310. Based on the positioning information, obtain the distance along the line between each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site with power shortage and each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site with surplus power. S320. Sort each mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site with power shortage according to the priority of the work process. Tunnel construction level is superior to bridge construction level, bridge construction level is superior to roadbed construction level, and roadbed construction level is superior to residential area power supply. If the priorities are the same, sort them from largest to smallest shortage as the priority from high to low. S330. Starting with the highest priority mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site that is experiencing power shortage, for each mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site experiencing power shortage, the following shortage replenishment plan shall be executed sequentially: S331. Prioritize selecting the mobile construction photovoltaic storage substation with the nearest surplus power along the route to the currently power-deficient mobile construction photovoltaic storage substation as its power supplier. S332. When the surplus power of the selected power supplier is insufficient to make up for the power shortage of the mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site, several mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-sites with surplus power are selected in order of distance along the line from near to far to make up for the power shortage, until the power shortage of the mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site is completely made up. S333. For each power supplier and power-deficient mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site determined by S331 and S332, calculate the DC bus voltage drop of the power supplier and receiver pair under the required transmission power based on the distance along the line and the resistance per unit length of the DC bus. When the voltage drop is greater than 5% of the rated voltage of the DC bus, abandon the power supplier and select the next mobile construction photovoltaic-storage sub-site with surplus power as the power supplier according to the distance along the line from near to far.

10. The distributed highway construction photovoltaic-storage cluster scheduling system for multi-site shared range-extended power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset voltage deviation threshold is 2% of the rated voltage of the DC bus, and the preset power ramp-up slope is no more than 20% / s of the rated power of the mobile construction photovoltaic storage sub-site. Before the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site moves with the construction site, the energy management and scheduling unit of the construction cluster first reduces the exchange power between the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site and the DC bus to zero according to the preset power ramp rate, then controls the bus circuit breaker Q2 of the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site to open, and then disconnects the pluggable cable joint between the mobile construction photovoltaic energy storage sub-site and the bus branch access point of the DC bus.

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