Road area high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system

Abstract

This invention proposes a hybrid power generation system combining roadside high-entropy energy and roadside photovoltaics, comprising: a roadside high-entropy energy harvesting subsystem integrating a piezoelectric power generation module, a vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module, an ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, and a raindrop potential energy power generation module; a roadside photovoltaic power generation system; and a hybrid microgrid subsystem including an AC / DC hybrid bus architecture, an energy storage unit, a power conversion unit, and a bidirectional DC / DC converter; the AC / DC hybrid bus architecture has a DC bus, an AC bus, and a bidirectional converter connecting the DC bus and the AC bus; the electrical energy output from the roadside high-entropy energy harvesting subsystem and the roadside photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the DC bus or AC bus after passing through the power conversion unit; the energy storage unit is connected to the DC bus via the bidirectional DC / DC converter. This invention organically integrates multiple roadside high-entropy energy sources with photovoltaic power generation, achieving complementary coordination and efficient utilization of multiple energy sources through an AC / DC hybrid microgrid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the interdisciplinary field of road engineering and new energy power generation technology, specifically involving a hybrid power generation system of road area high entropy energy and road photovoltaic, and in particular a power generation system that integrates six types of road area high entropy energy, namely road piezoelectricity, vertical shaft wind turbine of traffic airflow, ambient temperature difference thermoelectricity, raindrop potential energy, ocean wave energy capture, and road and bridge vibration, with road photovoltaic power generation into a hybrid microgrid. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation infrastructure, highway areas possess abundant renewable energy resources, but these resources have long been underutilized. In recent years, the integrated and complementary power generation of multiple clean energy sources in highway areas has become a research hotspot.

[0003] Currently, energy harvesting technologies for road scenarios have the following main shortcomings: 1. Low efficiency of single energy source extraction.

[0004] Existing road piezoelectric power generation devices mostly utilize the impact force generated by passing vehicles to deform piezoelectric elements and generate electricity; however, the mechanical energy conversion efficiency of road piezoelectric units is generally low. Regarding airflow power generation, although there are related schemes that utilize the airflow from passing vehicles on highways to drive vertical axis wind power generation, these only utilize the single energy source of airflow. In terms of thermoelectric power generation, existing technologies are mostly limited to utilizing ground temperature differences and energy recovery from speed bumps, failing to systematically integrate the various temperature resources available in the road area.

[0005] 2. Insufficient integration and complementarity of multiple energy sources.

[0006] Most existing technologies focus on collecting data from a single energy source, lacking a systematic integration solution for multiple high-entropy energy sources in the road environment. Although there are patent applications related to integrated and complementary power generation systems for multiple clean energy sources in the road environment, they mainly focus on the synergy of piezoelectric and photovoltaic energy, failing to comprehensively cover the various high-entropy energy sources present in the road environment.

[0007] 3. Lack of microgrid integration and management.

[0008] Existing road-based power generation systems lack a well-designed hybrid microgrid architecture and lack systematic solutions for the collection, conversion, storage, and dispatch of various heterogeneous energy sources.

[0009] 4. Insufficient comprehensive utilization of road space.

[0010] Existing technologies have failed to fully utilize the three-dimensional spatial resources of highway areas (road surface, shoulder, slope, median strip, bridge and tunnel structures, coastal sections, etc.) for the coordinated collection of multiple types of energy.

[0011] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a hybrid power generation system combining road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic power generation. This system organically integrates six types of road-based high-entropy energy with road photovoltaic power generation, achieving complementary, coordinated, and efficient utilization of multiple energy sources through a hybrid microgrid. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hybrid power generation system combining roadside high-entropy energy and roadside photovoltaics. By constructing a three-dimensional data collection network encompassing various roadside energy sources and a unified AC / DC hybrid microgrid architecture, it achieves the systematic collection and efficient utilization of various intermittent and weak high-entropy energy sources within the roadside area. The technical solution adopted is as follows: A hybrid power generation system combining roadside high-entropy energy and roadside photovoltaics includes a roadside high-entropy energy acquisition subsystem, a roadside photovoltaic power generation system, a hybrid microgrid subsystem, and a system control subsystem.

[0013] 1. Road-area high-entropy energy harvesting subsystem: The road area high-entropy energy harvesting subsystem is integrated into the highway area to harvest various high-entropy energy sources from traffic loads, meteorological environment and natural water bodies in the road area environment and convert them into electrical energy. These include the first four or all six types of power generation modules selected from the following six categories: road piezoelectric power generation module, vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module, ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, raindrop potential energy power generation module, ocean wave energy harvesting power generation module and road and bridge vibration power generation module.

[0014] (1) Road piezoelectric power generation module: buried under the bearing layer of the road surface, including a protective shell and piezoelectric elements and rectifier units installed in the protective shell.

[0015] The mechanical energy generated when a vehicle passes by is transmitted to the piezoelectric element through the pressure-bearing layer. The piezoelectric element deforms and converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The rectifier unit (existing technology) rectifies the generated electrical energy and outputs it.

[0016] (2) Vertical axis wind turbine power generation module for road airflow: installed in the median strip or on the side of the road, including several vertical axis wind power generation devices (existing technology) distributed at intervals along the length of the road.

[0017] The vertical axis wind power generation device has a vertical support shaft, an impeller rotatably sleeved on the outside of the support shaft, and a wind guide structure set on the outside of the impeller. The wind guide structure guides the airflow to the impeller, driving the impeller to rotate around the support shaft to generate electricity.

[0018] (3) Ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module: including a first temperature difference thermoelectric unit buried at different depths in the road structure and a second temperature difference thermoelectric unit set on the surface of the road. The first temperature difference thermoelectric unit uses the temperature gradient between the road structure layers to perform thermoelectric conversion, and the second temperature difference thermoelectric unit uses the temperature difference between the road and the atmospheric environment to perform thermoelectric conversion.

[0019] (4) Raindrop potential energy power generation module: installed on both sides of the road surface or slope area, including raindrop energy collection plate and piezoelectric conversion unit or triboelectric conversion unit installed below the raindrop energy collection plate. Raindrops impact the raindrop energy collection plate to generate mechanical energy, which is converted into electrical energy through piezoelectric conversion unit or triboelectric conversion unit.

[0020] (5) Wave energy harvesting power generation module: installed on the seaside of coastal highways or cross-sea bridges, including wave energy harvesting device and generator set. The wave energy harvesting device (existing technology) moves with the waves and transfers the mechanical energy of the waves to the generator set to convert it into electrical energy.

[0021] (6) Road and bridge vibration power generation module (existing technology): installed on the structure of a highway bridge, including a sealed box fixed on the bridge, an elastic top cover installed on the top of the sealed box, a vibration piston suspended and connected to the elastic top cover, and a vibration power generation component installed in the sealed box. The vibration of the bridge drives the elastic top cover and the vibration piston to reciprocate, driving the vibration power generation component to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0022] The above modules can be flexibly selected and deployed according to the road environment conditions. On general highway sections, four types can be selected: piezoelectric power generation module, vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module, ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, and raindrop potential energy power generation module; on coastal or cross-sea bridge sections, one or two of the following can be added: wave energy harvesting power generation module and road and bridge vibration power generation module, to achieve complete coverage of all six types of energy.

[0023] 2. Roadside photovoltaic power generation system: installed along highways to convert solar energy into electrical energy, including photovoltaic power generation arrays installed along highways.

[0024] Specifically, the road-mounted photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic array, a photovoltaic inverter, a photovoltaic control module, and a photovoltaic array controller, with the following connection relationships: A photovoltaic power generation array consists of several photovoltaic modules connected in series and / or in parallel, and is laid on the shoulders, slopes, central medians, tunnel entrances and exits, or service area roofs.

[0025] The power output terminal of the photovoltaic module is connected to the power conversion unit, and after modulation, it is connected to the DC bus to supply DC power. At the same time, the power output terminal of the photovoltaic module is connected to the input terminal of the photovoltaic inverter. The photovoltaic inverter converts the DC power output by the photovoltaic module into AC power, and outputs it to the AC bus of the hybrid microgrid subsystem to supply AC loads.

[0026] The photovoltaic control module communicates with the photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic inverters to collect the output voltage, current and temperature parameters of the photovoltaic modules in real time, perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, and send pulse width modulation (PWM) signals to the photovoltaic inverters to adjust their operating status.

[0027] The photovoltaic array controller, as a distributed control module installed at the road photovoltaic power generation system, communicates with the central controller through a communication network. It is used to receive the output command issued by the central controller and send adjustment signals to the photovoltaic control module according to the command to adjust the external output power of the photovoltaic subsystem.

[0028] 3. Hybrid microgrid subsystem: The hybrid microgrid subsystem is the core hub for realizing the collection, conversion, storage and dispatch of multiple energy sources. It includes an AC / DC hybrid bus architecture, power conversion unit, bidirectional DC / DC converter, energy storage unit and energy management unit.

[0029] (1) AC / DC hybrid bus architecture: It has a DC bus, an AC bus and a bidirectional converter connected between the DC bus and the AC bus.

[0030] The DC bus is used to connect power modules with DC output; the AC bus is used to connect power modules with AC output. The bidirectional converter enables bidirectional power flow between the DC bus and the AC bus, allowing the two buses to complement and serve as backups for each other.

[0031] (2) Power conversion unit: The power conversion unit includes AC / DC converter and unidirectional DC / DC converter.

[0032] The modules that output DC power in the road high-entropy energy acquisition subsystem (road piezoelectric power generation module, ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, raindrop potential energy power generation module) and the road photovoltaic power generation system are connected to the DC bus via a unidirectional DC / DC converter. The AC power output modules (vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module, ocean wave energy harvesting power generation module, and road and bridge vibration power generation module) in the road high entropy energy harvesting subsystem are connected to the DC bus via AC / DC converter.

[0033] (3) Energy storage unit: The energy storage unit includes battery energy storage system and supercapacitor system.

[0034] The battery energy storage system and the supercapacitor system are connected in parallel at the DC bus and are coupled to the DC bus through their respective bidirectional DC / DC converters.

[0035] Among them, the battery energy storage system is used for long-term storage and release of electrical energy. It has a large capacity and a slow response speed. It is mainly used for peak shaving and valley filling. When there is a continuous surplus of power generation, it draws power from the DC bus for storage and discharges power to the DC bus to replenish energy when there is a continuous shortage of power generation. Supercapacitor systems are used for short-term power buffering of electrical energy. They have a fast response speed and a long charge-discharge cycle life. They are mainly used to smooth out millisecond to second-level power fluctuations caused by sudden changes in vehicle load and instantaneous changes in wind speed, and to stabilize DC bus voltage.

[0036] The energy management unit's optimization scheduling module is communicatively connected to both the battery energy storage system and the supercapacitor system. When the system detects a transient power surge, it prioritizes scheduling the supercapacitor system to respond; when the system has a persistent energy deficit or surplus, it schedules the battery energy storage system for long-term charging and discharging.

[0037] (4) Energy Management Unit: It is connected to the high-entropy energy acquisition subsystem, the road photovoltaic power generation system, the energy storage unit and the power conversion unit respectively, and is used to monitor the operating status of each module and coordinate the output of each module.

[0038] The data acquisition module is used to collect power generation data from each power generation module (energy module), state of charge data from the energy storage unit, and load demand data. "Power generation data" includes output voltage, output current, and actual power generation.

[0039] The data acquisition module is used to collect in real time: the output voltage, output current and actual power generation of each power generation module; the state of charge (SOC) data of the energy storage unit; and the total power consumption at the load end (i.e., load demand data).

[0040] Table 1 Summary of Power Sensor Layout

[0041] Regarding "load demand data": For DC loads connected to the DC bus, their power consumption data is collected by a power sensor installed at the load side port of the DC bus; for AC loads connected to the AC bus, their power consumption data is collected by a power sensor installed at the load side port of the AC bus. The sum of the two power data is the "load demand data".

[0042] The status monitoring module is used to compare the collected data with a preset threshold range to determine whether the operating status of each module is within the normal range. Based on the comparison results, the optimization scheduling module adopts a multi-objective scheduling strategy based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, with the goal of achieving the best overall system efficiency and the highest power supply reliability. It calculates the target output value of each energy module and generates scheduling instructions based on the target output value. The scheduling instructions include output instructions issued to each power generation module and charging and discharging instructions issued to the energy storage unit.

[0043] 4. System Control Subsystem: The system control subsystem includes a central controller, distributed control modules located at each power generation module, and a communication network connecting the central controller and each distributed control module.

[0044] The central controller communicates with the energy management unit and is used to issue control commands to each distributed control module.

[0045] Furthermore, the piezoelectric element of the piezoelectric power generation module adopts a stacked piezoelectric ceramic structure or a piezoelectric composite material structure, and / or the piezoelectric power generation device adopts a multi-mode piezoelectric oscillator structure.

[0046] Furthermore, the blades of the vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module with airflow are designed with adjustable pitch, automatically adjusting the blade angle according to the running speed and natural wind speed.

[0047] Furthermore, the first and / or second thermoelectric units of the ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module adopt segmented gradient thermoelectric materials, and the figure of merit (ZT value) of the thermoelectric materials is optimized according to the temperature gradient at different depths of the road surface.

[0048] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The piezoelectric power generation module utilizes the dynamic load of vehicles on the road surface to cause the piezoelectric element embedded in the road structure to deform, and convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the positive piezoelectric effect. The vehicle airflow vertical axis wind turbine power generation module uses the airflow energy generated by the high speed of the vehicle and the natural wind power to drive the vertical axis wind turbine to rotate and generate electricity. The ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module utilizes the temperature difference between road surface structural layers and the temperature difference between the road surface and the air to convert thermal energy into electrical energy through the Seebeck effect. The raindrop potential energy power generation module utilizes the impact kinetic energy of raindrops during rainfall and converts it into electrical energy through piezoelectric or triboelectric effects; The wave energy harvesting module uses the undulating motion of ocean waves to drive the energy harvesting mechanism, converting wave mechanical energy into electrical energy. The road and bridge vibration power generation module utilizes the structural vibration caused by vehicles passing over the bridge to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through a vibration energy harvesting device. Roadside photovoltaic power generation systems utilize the photovoltaic effect to convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0049] The above seven types of energy (six types of high-entropy energy + photovoltaic) are processed by their respective power conversion units and then uniformly fed into the DC bus or AC bus of the hybrid microgrid.

[0050] The energy storage unit buffers and stores electrical energy, smoothing out fluctuations in the output power of each energy module.

[0051] The energy management unit monitors the power generation status of each energy module, the charge status of the energy storage unit, and the power demand of the load in real time. Through intelligent optimization algorithms, it dynamically schedules the system to achieve optimal overall efficiency.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. Comprehensive coverage of energy types.

[0053] This invention integrates six types of high-entropy energy in the road area—road surface piezoelectricity, vertical-axis wind turbines utilizing traffic airflow, ambient thermoelectricity, raindrop potential energy, ocean wave energy harvesting, and road and bridge vibration—with road photovoltaic power generation into a unified system framework. This constructs a comprehensive energy acquisition system covering multiple energy types, including traffic load, meteorological environment, natural water bodies, and solar radiation. More than four types of energy modules can be deployed on general highway sections, and on coastal or cross-sea bridge sections, this can be expanded to all six types. This breaks through the limitations of existing technologies that only integrate two to four types of energy, realizing the systematic development of road area energy.

[0054] 2. Strong spatiotemporal complementarity.

[0055] Six types of high-entropy energy naturally complement photovoltaic power generation in terms of time and space: photovoltaic power generation is concentrated during sunny days; piezoelectric, airflow, and vibration power generation are positively correlated with traffic flow, producing power both day and night; thermoelectric power generation operates continuously throughout the day and can be utilized both day and night; ocean wave energy harvesting is affected by tides and sea conditions, with fluctuation cycles different from other energy sources; raindrop potential energy is concentrated during rainfall periods, serving as a beneficial supplement to other energy sources. The spatiotemporal complementarity of multiple energy sources effectively mitigates the intermittency and volatility of single energy sources, and after energy storage buffering, can significantly improve the continuity and reliability of power supply.

[0056] 3. Make full use of road space.

[0057] This invention systematically plans the multi-level utilization of the three-dimensional space of highways: the interior of the road structure (piezoelectric power generation, thermoelectric power generation), the road surface (photovoltaics), the roadside and central median strip (traffic airflow windmills), the road shoulder and slope (raindrop potential energy, photovoltaics), the bridge structure (vibration power generation), and the seaside (wave energy capture). It realizes the multi-functional reuse of road space without occupying additional land resources, and provides a feasible technical path for the energy self-sufficiency of transportation infrastructure.

[0058] 4. Advanced microgrid architecture.

[0059] This invention employs a hybrid AC / DC bus architecture, where the DC and AC buses are interconnected via bidirectional converters, and the energy storage unit is connected to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter. This architecture is compatible with both DC and AC output energy modules, allowing for plug-and-play operation and strong system scalability. Through intelligent scheduling by the energy management unit and centralized control by the system control subsystem, the entire chain of automated operation from energy harvesting to power output is achieved. This system can independently power roadside facilities (lighting, monitoring, signaling, and communication equipment) or be connected to the external power grid, demonstrating good engineering adaptability and promising prospects for widespread application.

[0060] 5. Wide range of applications.

[0061] This invention can be widely applied to various roadside scenarios such as highways, urban roads, mountain roads, coastal roads, and cross-sea bridges, providing green power supply for roadside facilities (lighting, monitoring, signaling, communication equipment, etc.). Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hybrid power generation system combining high-entropy energy in the road area and road photovoltaics.

[0063] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric power generation module for road surfaces.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module for airflow during operation.

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module.

[0066] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the architecture of a hybrid power generation system combining high-entropy energy in the road area and roadside photovoltaics. Figure 6 This is a communication topology diagram of the system control subsystem. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The following will describe in more detail a road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to the present invention, with reference to schematic diagrams, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the invention described herein while still achieving its advantageous effects. Therefore, the following description should be understood as being of general knowledge to those skilled in the art and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0068] The road-area high-entropy energy harvesting subsystem described in this invention includes, but is not limited to, six types of power generation modules: piezoelectric power generation modules for road surfaces, vertical shaft wind turbine power generation modules for vehicle airflow, ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation modules, raindrop potential energy power generation modules, ocean wave energy harvesting power generation modules, and road and bridge vibration power generation modules. In actual engineering deployments, these modules can be selectively configured according to the specific environmental conditions of the highway area—for example, piezoelectric, wind turbine, temperature difference, raindrop, and photovoltaic modules can be deployed on general highway sections, while ocean wave energy harvesting and / or road and bridge vibration power generation modules can be added on coastal or cross-sea bridge sections. Each module operates independently, and the unified collection and coordinated scheduling of multiple energy sources are achieved through the hybrid microgrid subsystem. The following description uses specific embodiments as examples.

[0069] Example 1 This embodiment provides a hybrid power generation system combining road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaics, applicable to highway scenarios.

[0070] like Figures 1-6 As shown, the road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system of the present invention includes a road-based high-entropy energy acquisition subsystem, a road photovoltaic power generation subsystem, a hybrid microgrid subsystem, and a system control subsystem.

[0071] On a two-way four-lane highway: Install piezoelectric power generation modules in the road surface structure, such as Figure 2 As shown, the piezoelectric power generation module is buried under the bearing layer of the highway pavement and includes a protective shell and several piezoelectric power generation devices arranged inside the protective shell.

[0072] The piezoelectric power generation device includes piezoelectric elements, a rectifier unit, and an electrical output terminal. The piezoelectric elements are arranged in an array under the roadway, with no fewer than four piezoelectric units per square meter. The mechanical energy generated when a vehicle passes is transferred to the piezoelectric elements through the pressure-bearing layer. The piezoelectric elements deform and convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The rectifier unit then rectifies the generated electrical energy before outputting it.

[0073] A vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module for airflow is installed in the central median strip, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the road airflow vertical axis wind turbine power generation module includes several vertical axis wind power generation devices, spaced apart along the length of the road, with one device every 50 meters along the road direction. The blades are 3 meters high and 2 meters in diameter. The vertical axis wind power generation devices utilize the road airflow to drive the impeller to rotate, which is then converted into electrical energy by a generator. Preferably, the impeller adopts an adjustable pitch structure, automatically adjusting the blade angle according to the road speed and natural wind speed.

[0074] Ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation modules are buried between the road surface layer and the base layer, as well as on the road surface layer, such as... Figure 4As shown, the ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module includes a first temperature difference thermoelectric unit buried at different depths in the road structure and a second temperature difference thermoelectric unit set on the surface layer of the road. The first temperature difference thermoelectric unit is buried between the road surface layer and the base layer, and uses the temperature gradient between the road structure layers to perform thermoelectric conversion; the second temperature difference thermoelectric unit is set on the surface layer of the road, and uses the temperature difference between the road surface and the atmospheric environment to perform thermoelectric conversion.

[0075] Raindrop potential energy power generation modules are installed on both sides of the road shoulder. Each raindrop potential energy power generation module includes a raindrop energy collection plate and a piezoelectric conversion unit or triboelectric conversion unit located below the raindrop energy collection plate. Raindrops impacting the raindrop energy collection plate generate mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy by the piezoelectric conversion unit or triboelectric conversion unit.

[0076] The road photovoltaic power generation system is laid on the shoulder and slope areas, including photovoltaic power generation arrays, photovoltaic inverters and photovoltaic control modules, with a total installed capacity of not less than 100kWp.

[0077] The outputs of the aforementioned energy modules are processed by the power conversion unit and then fed into the hybrid microgrid subsystem. The hybrid microgrid subsystem includes an AC / DC hybrid bus architecture, a power conversion unit, an energy storage unit, and an energy management unit. The AC / DC hybrid bus architecture has a DC bus, an AC bus, and a bidirectional converter connecting the DC bus and the AC bus.

[0078] Among them, the DC output modules (road piezoelectric power generation module, ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, raindrop potential energy power generation module and road photovoltaic power generation system) are connected to the DC bus via a unidirectional DC / DC converter; the AC output vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module is connected to the DC bus via an AC / DC converter.

[0079] The DC bus and AC bus are interconnected through a bidirectional converter to achieve bidirectional power flow and complementarity.

[0080] The energy storage unit is equipped with a lithium battery pack (500kWh capacity) and a supercapacitor pack (50kWh / 100kW capacity), connected to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter. The battery energy storage system is used for long-term energy storage, while the supercapacitor system is used for short-term power buffering.

[0081] The energy management unit includes a data acquisition module, a status monitoring module, and an optimization scheduling module.

[0082] The data acquisition module is connected to each power generation module and energy storage unit in real time to collect the power generation, voltage, and current data of each power generation module and the state of charge data of the energy storage unit, and transmits the collected data to the status monitoring module.

[0083] The status monitoring module receives real-time data from the data acquisition module, compares the power generation data and state of charge data with preset threshold ranges, determines whether the operating status of each power generation module and energy storage unit is within the normal range (including whether the module is in an overload, undervoltage, or fault state, and whether the energy storage SOC is within the safe range), and transmits the comparison results to the optimization scheduling module.

[0084] Based on the comparison results from the status monitoring module, the optimization scheduling module adopts a multi-objective scheduling strategy based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. With the goals of maximizing overall system efficiency and power supply reliability, it dynamically allocates the output of each energy module and generates two types of scheduling instructions: One type is the output command issued to each power generation module, used to adjust the output (i.e., power generation) of each module. For example, when photovoltaic power generation is sufficient (such as during sunny daytime weather), the optimization scheduling module increases the target output value of the road photovoltaic power generation system through output commands, with the photovoltaic system undertaking the basic power supply load; when photovoltaic power generation is insufficient (such as at night or in rainy weather) and traffic volume is high, the optimization scheduling module increases the target output value of the road piezoelectric module and the traffic flow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module through output commands, with traffic flow energy supplementing the power supply gap. In other words, the output command dynamically determines the target output value of each module based on its real-time power generation capacity and preset scheduling priority, and is then issued by the central controller to each distributed control module for execution.

[0085] Another type is the charging and discharging commands issued to the energy storage units, used to control the charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage system and the supercapacitor system. For example, when the total power generation of all power generation modules exceeds the load demand and the state of charge of the energy storage unit is below the upper limit, the optimization scheduling module controls the energy storage unit to charge through charging and discharging commands; when the total power generation is less than the load demand and the state of charge of the energy storage unit is above the lower limit, the optimization scheduling module controls the energy storage unit to discharge through charging and discharging commands to make up for the power deficit. The charging and discharging commands are also issued from the central controller to the energy storage controller for execution.

[0086] The two types of instructions are executed in parallel to achieve dynamic adjustment of the operating status of each unit in the system.

[0087] The system control subsystem includes a central controller, distributed control modules located at each power generation module, and a communication network connecting the central controller and each distributed control module.

[0088] The central controller is connected to the optimization scheduling module of the energy management unit to receive output commands and charging / discharging commands generated by the optimization scheduling module, and sends the commands to the corresponding distributed control modules through the communication network to realize remote control and scheduling of each power generation module and energy storage unit.

[0089] Distributed control modules are respectively installed at the piezoelectric power generation module of the road surface, the vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module of traffic airflow, the ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, the raindrop potential energy power generation module, the ocean wave energy harvesting power generation module, the road and bridge vibration power generation module, and the road photovoltaic power generation system. Each distributed control module receives instructions from the central controller and adjusts the output of its respective power generation module locally.

[0090] In this embodiment, the distributed control module includes, but is not limited to, a piezoelectric module controller located at the piezoelectric power generation module on the road surface, a windmill controller located at the vertical shaft windmill power generation module for vehicle airflow, a temperature difference module controller located at the ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, a raindrop module controller located at the raindrop potential energy power generation module, a photovoltaic array controller located at the road photovoltaic power generation system, and an energy storage controller located at the energy storage unit.

[0091] Example 2 like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a hybrid power generation system combining road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaics, applicable to coastal highways and cross-sea bridges.

[0092] Wave energy harvesting and power generation modules are added to the seaside of coastal highways and cross-sea bridges. These modules include wave energy harvesting devices and generator sets. The wave energy harvesting devices move with the waves and transfer the mechanical energy of the waves to the generator sets, converting it into electrical energy. Preferably, the wave energy harvesting devices are floating type, and the generator sets are hydraulic type.

[0093] A road-bridge vibration power generation module is added to the bridge section. This module is installed on the highway bridge structure and generates electricity using the bridge vibrations caused by vehicle traffic. Preferably, the road-bridge vibration power generation module includes a sealed box fixed to the bridge, an elastic top cover on top of the sealed box, a vibration piston suspended from the elastic top cover, and a kinematic power generation component inside the sealed box. Bridge vibrations drive the elastic top cover and the vibration piston to reciprocate, which in turn drives the kinematic power generation component to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0094] The outputs of the wave energy harvesting module and the road and bridge vibration power generation module are processed by the power conversion unit and then connected to the hybrid microgrid subsystem. Specifically, the AC power output from the wave energy harvesting module is connected to the DC bus via an AC / DC converter or to the AC bus via an AC / AC inverter; similarly, the AC power output from the road and bridge vibration power generation module is connected to the DC bus via an AC / DC converter or to the AC bus via an AC / AC inverter.

[0095] The rest of the structure is the same as in Example 1.

[0096] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall be deemed to have remained within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid power generation system combining road-based high-entropy energy and roadside photovoltaics, characterized in that, include: The road area high-entropy energy harvesting subsystem integrates a road piezoelectric power generation module, a vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module, an ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, and a raindrop potential energy power generation module. Roadside photovoltaic power generation systems are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; And hybrid microgrid subsystems, including AC / DC hybrid bus architecture, energy storage units, power conversion units and bidirectional DC / DC converters; The AC / DC hybrid bus architecture includes a DC bus, an AC bus, and a bidirectional converter connected between the DC bus and the AC bus. The electrical energy output from each power generation module in the road high-entropy energy acquisition subsystem and the road photovoltaic power generation system is processed by the power conversion unit and then connected to the DC bus or the AC bus. The energy storage unit is connected to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter.

2. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The road area high-entropy energy harvesting subsystem also includes a wave energy harvesting power generation module and a road and bridge vibration power generation module.

3. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wave energy harvesting power generation module is installed on the seaside and generates electricity using the mechanical energy generated by wave undulation; the road and bridge vibration power generation module is installed on the bridge structure and generates electricity using the bridge vibration caused by vehicle passage.

4. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric power generation module is buried under the bearing layer of the road surface and generates electricity by using vehicle loads to cause deformation of the piezoelectric element.

5. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module is installed in the central median or on the side of the road, and uses the airflow generated by the vehicle to drive the vertical shaft impeller to rotate and generate electricity.

6. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module utilizes the temperature gradient between road structure layers and / or between the road surface and the atmosphere to generate electricity through thermoelectric conversion.

7. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raindrop potential energy power generation module is installed on both sides of the road or on the slope area, and generates electricity by utilizing the mechanical energy generated by the impact of raindrops.

8. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic array of the road photovoltaic power generation system is laid at least at one of the following locations: road shoulder, slope, central median, tunnel entrance / exit, or service area roof.

9. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power conversion unit further includes: a unidirectional DC / DC converter and an AC / DC converter; The DC power output from the piezoelectric power generation module, the ambient temperature difference thermoelectric power generation module, the raindrop potential energy power generation module, and the road photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the DC bus via the unidirectional DC / DC converter. The AC power output from the vehicle airflow vertical shaft wind turbine power generation module, the wave energy harvesting power generation module, and the road and bridge vibration power generation module is rectified by the AC / DC converter and then connected to the DC bus.

10. The road-based high-entropy energy and road photovoltaic hybrid power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid microgrid subsystem also includes an energy management unit, which comprises a data acquisition module, a status monitoring module, and an optimization scheduling module. The data acquisition module is used to collect power generation data from each power generation module, state of charge data from energy storage units, and load demand data from the road high-entropy energy acquisition subsystem, and transmit the collected data to the status monitoring module. The status monitoring module is used to compare the collected data with a preset threshold range to obtain a comparison result, and transmit the comparison result to the optimization scheduling module; Based on the comparison results, the optimization scheduling module adopts a multi-objective scheduling strategy based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, with the goal of achieving the best overall system efficiency and the highest power supply reliability. It calculates the target output value of each energy module and generates scheduling instructions based on the target output value. The scheduling instructions include output instructions issued to each power generation module and charging and discharging instructions issued to the energy storage unit.

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