A self-powered wireless sensor system based on wind-solar complementation and a working method thereof

Abstract

This application relates to a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power and its operating method. The system includes: a sensor circuit for acquiring and monitoring temperature and attitude information of a target; an energy storage battery for storing electrical energy; a photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit for converting the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output a first operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to operate; a wind energy harvesting circuit for converting the wind energy harvesting voltage according to the wind piezoelectric voltage to output a second operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to operate; and a photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit for controlling the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to the first operating voltage; wherein the first operating voltage is equal to the second operating voltage. Using this system can improve the monitoring efficiency of generators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy supply, and in particular relates to a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybridization and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] With the growth of global energy demand, my country is accelerating the development and utilization of renewable energy, which currently mainly includes solar, wind, wave, thermal, and vibration energy. Wind-solar hybrid power generation systems combine solar and wind power, effectively overcoming the intermittency and instability of single-energy supply. By rationally configuring photovoltaic modules and wind turbines, and utilizing the complementary characteristics of solar energy during the day and wind energy at night and on cloudy days, all-weather, stable, and reliable power output can be achieved, improving the overall power supply efficiency and reliability of renewable energy and providing stronger support for energy transition.

[0003] In wind energy technology, breakthroughs have been continuously achieved in key technologies such as direct-drive permanent magnet generator sets and large wind turbine blades, resulting in increasing single-unit capacity and significantly improved power generation efficiency. In the future, the industry will make significant breakthroughs in three main directions: In distributed scenarios, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology transforms photovoltaic panels into building facades; the administrative office area of ​​Beijing's sub-center has already achieved 80% photovoltaic roof coverage. In wind-solar hybrid distributed systems, photovoltaic modules are integrated with small wind turbines for applications such as power supply in remote areas and power supply for communication base stations, achieving energy self-sufficiency.

[0004] However, with global photovoltaic (PV) installations increasing at an average annual rate of 25%, module safety issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Extreme weather events such as strong winds, hail, and high temperatures damage PV modules and wind turbines, and early wind turbines also face issues such as component aging and increased failure rates. Currently, commonly used inspection methods include drone inspection, manual inspection, and monitoring inspection, but these methods suffer from problems such as the inability to monitor in real time, insufficient environmental adaptability, high labor intensity, and inability to predict the condition of PV panels, resulting in low monitoring efficiency for generators. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a wind-solar hybrid self-powered wireless sensing system and its working method that can improve the monitoring efficiency of generators, addressing the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power, comprising:

[0007] Sensor circuits are used to acquire and monitor the temperature and attitude information of the target.

[0008] Energy storage batteries are used to store electrical energy.

[0009] The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit has a first terminal for receiving the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage and a second terminal for connecting the first terminal of the sensor circuit and the first terminal of the energy storage battery. The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit is used to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output a first working voltage to enable the sensor circuit to work.

[0010] The wind energy harvesting circuit has a first terminal for receiving wind energy harvesting voltage, a second terminal for receiving wind energy piezoelectric voltage, and a third terminal connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit, the first terminal of the sensor circuit, and the first terminal of the energy storage battery. The wind energy harvesting circuit is used to convert the wind energy harvesting voltage according to the wind energy piezoelectric voltage to output a second working voltage to enable the sensor circuit to work.

[0011] The photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit has the following terminals: the first terminal is connected to the chip's operating voltage; the second terminal is connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit, the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit, the first terminal of the sensor circuit, and the first terminal of the energy storage battery; the third terminal is connected to the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit; the fourth terminal is connected to the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit; and the fifth terminal is connected to the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit. The photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit is used to control the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage into the first operating voltage.

[0012] Wherein, the first working voltage is equal to the second working voltage.

[0013] Furthermore, the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit includes:

[0014] The photovoltaic voltage regulator module has the following terminals: the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module is the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit; the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module is the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit; the third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module is the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module; the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module is the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module; and the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module is the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module.

[0015] A voltage regulator module, with its first terminal connected to the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and its second terminal connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module;

[0016] The photovoltaic voltage regulation module is used to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage into a first working voltage, and the voltage stabilization module is used to control the stable output of the first working voltage.

[0017] Furthermore, the photovoltaic voltage regulation module includes:

[0018] Inductor L1, the first terminal of inductor L1 is the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and the second terminal of inductor L1 is the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module;

[0019] MOSFET N1 has its source grounded, its gate connected to the third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and its drain connected to the second terminal of inductor L1.

[0020] The source of MOSFET N2 is connected to the second terminal of inductor L1, the gate of MOSFET N2 is the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and the drain of MOSFET N2 is the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module.

[0021] Furthermore, the voltage regulator module includes:

[0022] Capacitor C1, the first end of capacitor C1 is connected to the drain of MOSFET N2, and the second end of capacitor C1 is used for grounding;

[0023] Capacitor C2, the second end of capacitor C2 is connected to the first end of inductor L1, and the second end of capacitor C2 is used for grounding.

[0024] Furthermore, the wind energy harvesting circuit includes:

[0025] The piezoelectric voltage control module has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit.

[0026] The step-down module has its first terminal connected to the first terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit, and its second terminal connected to the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0027] The boost module has its first terminal connected to the first terminal of the voltage reduction module, and its second terminal connected to the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0028] The anti-backflow module has its first end connected to the third end of the boost module and the third end of the reducer module, and its second end is the third end of the wind energy harvesting circuit.

[0029] The piezoelectric voltage control module receives wind energy piezoelectric voltage and turns on the step-down module and turns off the step-up module when the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is greater than a preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold; and turns off the step-down module and turns on the step-up module when the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is less than the preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold.

[0030] The step-down module is used to receive the wind energy harvesting voltage, and when the step-down module is turned on, it steps down the wind energy harvesting voltage to output a second working voltage;

[0031] The boost module is used to receive the wind energy harvesting voltage and, when the boost module is turned on, boosts the wind energy harvesting voltage to output a second working voltage.

[0032] The backflow prevention module is used to protect the step-down module, step-up module, and piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0033] Furthermore, the step-down module includes:

[0034] Resistor R1, the first end of resistor R1 is the first end of the voltage reduction module, and the second end of resistor R1 is the second end of the voltage reduction module;

[0035] Resistor R2, the first end of resistor R2 is connected to the second end of resistor R1;

[0036] MOSFET P1, the source of MOSFET P1 is connected to the first end of resistor R1, and the gate of MOSFET P1 is connected to the second end of resistor R2.

[0037] DC-DC step-down chip U1 has its first terminal connected to the drain of MOSFET P1, and its second terminal is the third terminal of the step-down module.

[0038] Furthermore, the boost module includes:

[0039] Resistor R3, the first end of resistor R3 is the first end of the boost module, and the second end of resistor R3 is the second end of the boost module;

[0040] Resistor R4, the first end of resistor R4 is connected to the second end of resistor R3;

[0041] MOSFET P2, the source of MOSFET P2 is connected to the first end of resistor R3, and the gate of MOSFET P2 is connected to the second end of resistor R4.

[0042] Capacitor C3, the first terminal of capacitor C3 is connected to the drain of MOSFET P2;

[0043] DC-DC boost chip U2 has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of capacitor C3, and the second terminal of DC-DC boost chip U2 is the third terminal of the boost module.

[0044] Furthermore, the piezoelectric voltage control module includes:

[0045] Resistor R5, the first end of resistor R5 is the first end of the piezoelectric voltage control module;

[0046] Resistor R6, the first end of resistor R6 is connected to the first end of resistor R5;

[0047] Resistor R7, the first end of resistor R7 is connected to the second end of resistor R5;

[0048] MOSFET N3, the gate of MOSFET N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R6, the drain of MOSFET N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R7, and the source of MOSFET N3 is grounded.

[0049] Resistor R8, the first end of resistor R8 is connected to the second end of resistor R5 and the first end of resistor R7 respectively;

[0050] Resistor R9, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively;

[0051] Resistor R10, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R9, the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively.

[0052] MOSFET N4, the gate of MOSFET N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R8, the source of MOSFET N4 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R10.

[0053] Resistor R11, the first end of resistor R11 is connected to the drain of MOSFET N4 and the second end of resistor R10 respectively;

[0054] MOSFET N5, the gate of MOSFET N5 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R9, the source of MOSFET N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N5 is the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0055] MOSFET N6, the gate of MOSFET N6 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R11, the source of MOSFET N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N6 is the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0056] Secondly, a working method for a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power includes:

[0057] The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit receives the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage, and the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit controls the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output the first working voltage.

[0058] The wind energy harvesting circuit simultaneously receives wind energy harvesting voltage and wind energy piezoelectric voltage.

[0059] Based on the piezoelectric voltage of wind energy, the wind energy harvesting circuit is controlled to convert the wind energy harvesting voltage to output a second working voltage;

[0060] The first and second operating voltages are transmitted to the sensor circuit and the energy storage battery to enable the sensor circuit to operate and the energy storage battery to store energy.

[0061] The aforementioned wind-solar hybrid self-powered wireless sensing system and its operating method utilize a sensor circuit for acquiring and monitoring temperature and attitude information of the target; an energy storage battery for storing electrical energy; a photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit for converting the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output a first operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to operate; a wind energy harvesting circuit for converting the wind energy harvesting voltage according to the wind piezoelectric voltage to output a second operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to operate; and a photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit for controlling the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to the first operating voltage. The first operating voltage is equal to the second operating voltage, enabling the entire monitoring system to operate long-term, stably, and autonomously in harsh outdoor environments without relying on an external power grid or frequent battery replacements, thus improving the monitoring efficiency and reliability of remote equipment such as photovoltaic power stations and wind turbines. Attached Figure Description

[0062] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0063] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar complementarity in one embodiment.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar complementarity in one embodiment.

[0065] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit of a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar complementarity in one embodiment.

[0066] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar complementarity in one embodiment.

[0067] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit of a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power in one embodiment.

[0068] In the picture:

[0069] 10: Self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power; 110: Sensor circuit; 120: Energy storage battery; 130: Photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit; 140: Wind energy harvesting circuit; 150: Photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit; 131: Photovoltaic voltage regulation module; 132: Voltage regulator module; 141: Piezoelectric voltage control module; 142: Buck module; 143: Boost module; 144: Anti-backflow module; L1: Inductor L1; N1: MOSFET N1; N2: MOSFET N2; C1: Capacitor C1; C2: Capacitor C2; R1: Resistor R1; R2: Resistor R2; P1: MOSFET P1; U1: DC-DC step-down chip U1; R3: Resistor R3; R4: Resistor R4; P2: MOSFET P2; C3: Capacitor C3; U2: DC-DC boost chip U2; R5: Resistor R5; R6: Resistor R6; R7: Resistor R7; N3: MOSFET N3; R8: Resistor R8; R9: Resistor R9; R10: Resistor R10; N4: MOSFET N4; R11: Resistor R11; N5: MOSFET N5; N6: MOSFET N6; Q1: Transistor Q1; Q2: Transistor Q2; R12: Resistor R12; R13: Resistor R13. Detailed Implementation

[0070] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0071] It is understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first resistor may be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor may be referred to as a first resistor. Both the first resistor and the second resistor are resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0072] It is understood that the term "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc., have electrical signal or data transmission with each other.

[0073] It is understandable that "at least one" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "At least a part of an element" refers to part or all of an element.

[0074] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising / including” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, the term “and / or” as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0075] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application.

[0076] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a self-powered wireless sensing system 10 based on wind-solar hybrid power includes:

[0077] Sensor circuit 110, energy storage battery 120, photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, wind energy harvesting circuit 140 and photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150.

[0078] In this embodiment, the sensor circuit 110 is used to acquire and monitor the temperature and attitude information of the target.

[0079] Specifically, the sensor circuit 110 integrates a high-precision temperature sensing unit and an attitude sensing unit. The temperature sensing unit can measure over a wide temperature range, such as -10°C to 85°C, with an accuracy of ±0.5°C, and is used to monitor the ambient or surface temperature of devices such as photovoltaic panels. The attitude sensing unit combines a high-performance microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer and gyroscope, and uses algorithms such as Kalman filtering for data fusion. It can simultaneously measure the vibration acceleration of the monitored target (such as a photovoltaic panel) (e.g., range ±16g, accuracy 0.01g) and the tilt angle in the X and Z axes (e.g., range ±180°, accuracy 0.05°), thereby enabling the perception of the structural health status (such as loosening or deformation).

[0080] In this embodiment, the energy storage battery 120 is used to acquire temperature and attitude information of the monitored target.

[0081] Specifically, the energy storage battery 120 may include a rechargeable battery (such as a lithium battery) and / or a supercapacitor. Its main function is to store the electrical energy captured and converted by the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 and the wind energy harvesting circuit 140, serving as an energy buffer. When ambient energy is sufficient, the energy storage battery 120 stores excess energy; when sunlight or wind is insufficient, the energy storage battery 120 releases the stored electrical energy to continuously power the sensor circuit 110, ensuring continuous monitoring and avoiding data interruptions caused by energy intermittency.

[0082] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 is used to receive the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage, and the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 is connected to the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110 and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120. The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 is used to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output a first working voltage to enable the sensor circuit 110 to work.

[0083] Specifically, the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 is used to receive the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage, which can be a DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic panel (such as a PV panel) as the light intensity changes. The second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 is connected to the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110 and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120. The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 is used to convert the unstable photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage and output a stable first operating voltage that meets the sensor's operating voltage requirements to the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110 and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120 at its second terminal, so that the sensor circuit 110 can operate normally and the energy storage battery 120 can be charged.

[0084] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is used to connect to the wind energy harvesting voltage, the second terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is used to connect to the wind energy piezoelectric voltage, and the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110, and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120. The wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is used to convert the wind energy harvesting voltage according to the wind energy piezoelectric voltage to output a second working voltage to enable the sensor circuit to work.

[0085] Specifically, the first terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is used to connect to the wind energy harvesting voltage, which can be a DC voltage generated by a wind turbine (such as a small electromagnetic generator) that varies with wind speed. The second terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is used to connect to the wind piezoelectric voltage, which can be a DC wind piezoelectric voltage output from the AC voltage of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure (such as a PZT piezoelectric element) after rectification and filtering, used to characterize high wind speed. A rectifier bridge module can also be added before the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 to convert the AC voltage output by the PZT piezoelectric element into a stable DC voltage. The third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, and is connected to the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110 and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120. The wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is used to compare the wind energy piezoelectric voltage with a preset voltage threshold, and to boost or buck the wind energy harvesting voltage according to the comparison result, so as to output a second working voltage to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110 and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120 at its third terminal, thereby combining the second working voltage and the first working voltage to power the sensor circuit 110 and charge the energy storage battery 120.

[0086] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is used to connect to the chip operating voltage. The second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140, the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110, and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120. The third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is connected to the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130. The fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is connected to the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130. The fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is connected to the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130. The photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is used to control the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage into the first operating voltage.

[0087] Specifically, the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is used to connect the chip's operating voltage to enable the chip within the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 to operate. The second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140, the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110, and the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120, and is used to sample the first operating voltage output by the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 and the second operating voltage and / or current output by the wind energy harvesting circuit 140. The third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is connected to the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, and the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 is connected to the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130. The fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 is connected to the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150. The fifth terminal is used to collect the output current of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130. The chip within the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 integrates an algorithm that can run the variable step size perturbation and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm and a voltage-current dual closed-loop control strategy. Specifically, it calculates and dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signals output to the fourth and fifth terminals in real time through sampling feedback from the second and fifth terminals, thereby precisely controlling the on / off timing of the switching devices in the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130. This ensures that: 1) the photovoltaic panel always operates at its maximum power point under the current illumination conditions, maximizing energy harvesting efficiency; 2) regardless of changes in the photovoltaic input voltage or load fluctuations, the first operating voltage output by the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 can be quickly and accurately stabilized at a preset value (e.g., 5V). For example, the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 can be built using an ESP32C3 chip suitable for the Internet of Things as its core.

[0088] In this embodiment, the first operating voltage is equal to the second operating voltage.

[0089] Specifically, the first and second operating voltages are designed to have the same rating, such as +5V. This design is crucial because it allows the outputs of two completely independent energy capture and conversion systems—one solar and one wind—to be safely and directly connected in parallel and combined at the same electrical node (i.e., the power bus) without the need for complex voltage matching or isolation circuits.

[0090] This embodiment provides a self-sustaining wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power, comprising a sensor circuit 110, an energy storage battery 120, a photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, a wind energy harvesting circuit 140, and a photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150, constructing a complete self-sustaining energy and monitoring closed loop. The sensor circuit 110 is responsible for high-precision data acquisition; the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 and the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 efficiently capture solar and wind energy respectively, with the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 utilizing piezoelectric signals to achieve adaptive conversion across all wind speeds; the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150 uses advanced algorithms to ensure maximum photovoltaic energy capture and global system voltage stability; the energy storage battery 120 acts as an energy buffer to mitigate energy intermittency. The wind and solar energy sources intelligently complement and combine under a unified voltage reference, enabling the entire monitoring system to operate long-term, stably, and autonomously in harsh outdoor environments without relying on an external power grid or frequent battery replacements, thus improving the monitoring efficiency and reliability of remote equipment such as photovoltaic power plants and wind turbines.

[0091] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 includes a photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 and a voltage regulator module 132.

[0092] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, the third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module 130, the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module 130, and the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module 130.

[0093] Specifically, the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, used to connect to the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage. The second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130, connected to the first terminal of the sensor circuit 110, the first terminal of the energy storage battery 120, and the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140, used to output the converted first operating voltage to the system bus. The fifth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module 130, used to transmit the real-time current of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 to the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150. The third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131 is the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module 130, and the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131 is the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module 130. They are used to receive PWM drive signals output from the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150. These signals precisely control the state of the switching devices inside the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131, thereby determining the direction of energy transmission (charging or discharging) and the conversion ratio (boosting or bucking).

[0094] In this embodiment, the first end of the voltage regulator module 132 is connected to the first end of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131, and the second end of the voltage regulator module 132 is connected to the second end of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131.

[0095] Specifically, the voltage regulator module 132 is composed of a passive filter network. The first end of the voltage regulator module 132 is connected to the first end of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131, and the second end of the voltage regulator module 132 is connected to the second end of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131. Its main function is to buffer energy and suppress ripple for the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage connected to the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131 and the first working voltage output.

[0096] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 is used to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to obtain the first working voltage, and the voltage stabilization module 132 is used to control the stable output of the first working voltage.

[0097] Specifically, the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131 is used to boost, buck, or buck-boost the received photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage using the PWM drive signal output by the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150, so as to output a stable first operating voltage at the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131. The voltage regulator module 132 is used to absorb instantaneous voltage changes caused by sudden changes in the sensor circuit or switching ripple, so that the first operating voltage output at the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131 can remain stable regardless of how rapidly the current of the sensor circuit changes, thus achieving dynamic voltage regulation.

[0098] This embodiment provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power. The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit 130 includes a photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 and a voltage regulator module 132.

[0099] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit of a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power in one embodiment.

[0100] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 includes an inductor L1, a MOSFET N1, and a MOSFET N2, wherein:

[0101] Inductor L1, the first end of inductor L1 is the second end of photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131, and the second end of inductor L1 is the fifth end of photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131;

[0102] MOSFET N1 has its source grounded, its gate connected to the third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131, and its drain connected to the second terminal of inductor L1.

[0103] The source of MOSFET N2 is connected to the second terminal of inductor L1, the gate of MOSFET N2 is the fourth terminal of photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131, and the drain of MOSFET N2 is the first terminal of photovoltaic voltage regulator module 131.

[0104] In this embodiment, the voltage regulator module 132 includes: capacitor C1 and capacitor C2, wherein:

[0105] Capacitor C1, the first end of capacitor C1 is connected to the drain of MOSFET N2, and the second end of capacitor C1 is used for grounding;

[0106] Capacitor C2, the second end of capacitor C2 is connected to the first end of inductor L1, and the second end of capacitor C2 is used for grounding.

[0107] This embodiment provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid powertrain. By incorporating an inductor and two N-channel MOSFETs, a classic and efficient bidirectional synchronous Buck-Boost converter core topology is constructed. Inductor L1 serves as the core component for energy transfer and temporary storage. MOSFETs N1 and N2 act as active switches, alternately turning on and off under the drive of two complementary PWM signals output from the third and fourth segments of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit 150. By precisely controlling the duty cycle of these two switches, the circuit can flexibly operate in buck, boost, or buck-boost modes, thus adapting to a wide range of varying photovoltaic input voltages and consistently converting them to the required first operating voltage. This topology is simple, with few components. Furthermore, the use of synchronous rectification (replacing the traditional freewheeling diode with MOSFET N1) reduces conduction losses and improves overall energy conversion efficiency. The inclusion of two capacitors effectively suppresses voltage fluctuations generated during the operation of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131, improving power quality and compatibility with sensitive loads.

[0108] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 includes a piezoelectric voltage control module 141, a step-down module 142, a step-up module 143, and an anti-backflow module 144.

[0109] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 is the second terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140. The piezoelectric voltage control module 141 receives wind energy piezoelectric voltage and, when the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is greater than a preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold, turns on the step-down module 142 and turns off the step-up module 143; conversely, when the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is less than the preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold, it turns off the step-down module 142 and turns on the step-up module 143.

[0110] Specifically, the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 is a purely hardware-implemented logic decision and drive circuit. The first terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 is the second terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140, used to input the wind energy piezoelectric voltage. The wind energy piezoelectric voltage is positively correlated with wind speed. Internally, the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 may include a resistor divider network, a voltage comparison unit (possibly a threshold circuit composed of transistors), and a switch driver stage. It compares the input wind energy piezoelectric voltage with a preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold. When the wind speed is high, the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is greater than the preset threshold, and the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 outputs a signal to turn on the buck module 142 and turn off the boost module 143. When the wind speed is low, the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is less than the preset threshold, and the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 outputs a signal to turn off the buck module 142 and turn on the boost module 143. The preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold can be set according to the reference voltage corresponding to the threshold of wind speed in actual work. The default setting is the wind energy piezoelectric voltage corresponding to a wind speed of 4m / s.

[0111] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the pressure reducing module 142 is the first terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140, and the second terminal of the pressure reducing module 142 is connected to the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141. The pressure reducing module 142 is used to receive the wind energy harvesting voltage, and when the pressure reducing module 142 is turned on, it reduces the wind energy harvesting voltage to output a second operating voltage.

[0112] Specifically, the first terminal of the step-down module 142 is the first terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140, used to receive the wind energy harvesting voltage. The second terminal of the step-down module 142 is connected to the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141, used to receive the signal output from the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 to control the step-down module 142 to turn on or off. When the step-down module 142 receives the on signal output from the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141, the received wind energy harvesting voltage is efficiently reduced to the second operating voltage through the switches, inductors, capacitors, and other components inside the step-down module 142 using a step-down conversion method, and then output through the third terminal.

[0113] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the boost module 143 is connected to the first terminal of the reducer module 142, and the second terminal of the boost module 143 is connected to the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141. The boost module is used to receive wind energy harvesting voltage and, when the boost module is turned on, boosts the wind energy harvesting voltage to output a second operating voltage.

[0114] Specifically, the first terminal of the boost module 143 is connected to the first terminal of the reducer module 142 to receive the wind energy harvesting voltage. The second terminal of the boost module 143 is connected to the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 to receive the signal output from the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 to control the boost module 143 to be turned on or off. When the second terminal of the boost module 143 receives the on signal output from the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module 141, the received wind energy harvesting voltage is efficiently boosted to the second operating voltage through the internal switches, inductors, capacitors and other components of the boost module 143 via a boost conversion method and output through the third terminal.

[0115] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the anti-backflow module 144 is connected to the third terminal of the boost module 143 and the third terminal of the reducer module 142, respectively, and the second terminal of the anti-backflow module 144 is the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140. The anti-backflow module 144 is used to protect the reducer module 142, the boost module 143, and the piezoelectric voltage control module 141.

[0116] Specifically, the first terminal of the anti-backflow module 144 is connected to the third terminal of both the boost module 143 and the third terminal of the voltage reduction module 142, and the second terminal of the anti-backflow module 144 is the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit 140. Since the output terminals of the buck module 142 and the boost module 143 are directly connected in parallel, when one of them is working, its output second operating voltage may be applied in reverse to the output port of the other non-working module, potentially causing damage or abnormal consumption of internal components. The anti-backflow module 144 can be constructed from a diode or an ideal diode (simulated by a MOSFET), and its function is similar to a one-way valve, allowing current to flow only from the buck module 142 / boost module 143 to the sensor circuit and the energy storage battery, preventing current from flowing back into the non-working module, thus providing isolation and protection.

[0117] This embodiment provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybridization. The wind energy harvesting circuit 140 includes a piezoelectric voltage control module 141, a step-down module 142, a step-up module 143, and an anti-backflow module 144. The wind energy harvesting circuit 140 is modularized into these components. The piezoelectric voltage control module 141 intelligently determines the appropriate power source based on natural signals (wind speed), employing either the step-down module 142 or the step-up module 143 for efficient energy conversion in high and low wind speed scenarios, respectively. The anti-backflow module 144 ensures reliable system operation. Decoupling the complex adaptive logic from the power conversion makes the circuit design modular and functionally clear, greatly improving the wide wind speed adaptability of wind energy harvesting and the overall system reliability.

[0118] In one embodiment, the step-down module includes: resistor R1, resistor R2, MOSFET P1, and DC-DC step-down chip U1, wherein:

[0119] Resistor R1, the first end of resistor R1 is the first end of the voltage reduction module, and the second end of resistor R1 is the second end of the voltage reduction module;

[0120] Resistor R2, the first end of resistor R2 is connected to the second end of resistor R1;

[0121] MOSFET P1, the source of MOSFET P1 is connected to the first end of resistor R1, and the gate of MOSFET P1 is connected to the second end of resistor R2.

[0122] DC-DC step-down chip U1 has its first terminal connected to the drain of MOSFET P1, and its second terminal is the third terminal of the step-down module.

[0123] This embodiment provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power. A step-down module 142 is constructed using resistors, a P-channel MOSFET, and a DC-DC converter chip. Resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider and bias network, converting the logic signal from the piezoelectric voltage control module into a voltage suitable for driving the gate of the MOSFET P1. The P-channel MOSFET P1 acts as an electronic switch; it conducts when its gate is pulled low, connecting the wind energy input voltage Vin to subsequent circuits; when the gate is high, it is turned off, completely cutting off the path. A dedicated DC-DC converter chip U1 (such as the TPS series) integrates the controller, driver, and power switch, requiring only a small number of external inductors and capacitors to form a complete and efficient step-down circuit. Utilizing a mature chip ensures high efficiency and stability of the step-down conversion. Simultaneously, the MOSFET P1 enables low-cost, low-loss switching control of the entire path, allowing the path to be completely shut off when step-down is not needed, avoiding standby power loss.

[0124] In one embodiment, the boost module includes resistor R3, resistor R4, MOSFET P2, capacitor C3, and DC-DC boost chip U2, wherein:

[0125] Resistor R3, the first end of resistor R3 is the first end of the boost module, and the second end of resistor R3 is the second end of the boost module;

[0126] Resistor R4, the first end of resistor R4 is connected to the second end of resistor R3;

[0127] MOSFET P2, the source of MOSFET P2 is connected to the first end of resistor R3, and the gate of MOSFET P2 is connected to the second end of resistor R4.

[0128] Capacitor C3, the first terminal of capacitor C3 is connected to the drain of MOSFET P2;

[0129] DC-DC boost chip U2 has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of capacitor C3, and the second terminal of DC-DC boost chip U2 is the third terminal of the boost module.

[0130] This embodiment provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power. A boost module 143 is constructed using resistors, a P-channel MOSFET, a supercapacitor, and a DC-DC buck converter. Its control principle is similar to that of the buck module 142. Resistors R3 and R4 and the MOSFET P2 form a controlled switching unit. Capacitor C3 serves as the input energy storage and filtering capacitor, providing a stable input to the boost chip U2. A dedicated DC-DC boost chip U2 (such as MT3608) is responsible for efficiently boosting the voltage from low to 5V. When the wind speed is below a threshold, this path is activated. Even if the voltage generated by the wind turbine is very low, the boost chip can effectively boost it to the system's usable 5V voltage. Combined with energy storage components such as supercapacitors, this overcomes the bottleneck of traditional wind energy harvesting circuits being unable to work effectively in light wind conditions, significantly expanding the effective operating wind speed range.

[0131] In one embodiment, the piezoelectric voltage control module includes resistors R5, R6, R7, MOSFET N3, R8, R9, R10, MOSFET N4, R11, MOSFET N5, and MOSFET N6, wherein:

[0132] Resistor R5, the first end of resistor R5 is the first end of the piezoelectric voltage control module;

[0133] Resistor R6, the first end of resistor R6 is connected to the first end of resistor R5;

[0134] Resistor R7, the first end of resistor R7 is connected to the second end of resistor R5;

[0135] MOSFET N3, the gate of MOSFET N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R6, the drain of MOSFET N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R7, and the source of MOSFET N3 is grounded.

[0136] Resistor R8, the first end of resistor R8 is connected to the second end of resistor R5 and the first end of resistor R7 respectively;

[0137] Resistor R9, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively;

[0138] Resistor R10, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R9, the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively.

[0139] MOSFET N4, the gate of MOSFET N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R8, the source of MOSFET N4 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R10.

[0140] Resistor R11, the first end of resistor R11 is connected to the drain of MOSFET N4 and the second end of resistor R10 respectively;

[0141] MOSFET N5, the gate of MOSFET N5 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R9, the source of MOSFET N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N5 is the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0142] MOSFET N6, the gate of MOSFET N6 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R11, the source of MOSFET N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N6 is the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0143] This embodiment provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power. By setting up a piezoelectric voltage control module composed of resistors and N-channel MOSFETs, it can send mutually exclusive on / off signals to the buck and boost modules according to the wind energy piezoelectric voltage. When the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is higher than a certain threshold, the buck module is turned on and the boost module is turned off; when the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is lower than a certain threshold, the buck module is turned off and the boost module is turned on. It does not require an external power supply or program, has a fast response speed, high reliability, and low cost, thus realizing wind speed threshold judgment and automatic path switching.

[0144] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a specific circuit of a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power in one embodiment.

[0145] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic voltage regulation module 131 includes an inductor L1, a MOSFET N1, and a MOSFET N2, wherein:

[0146] Inductor L1, the first terminal of inductor L1 is the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and the second terminal of inductor L1 is the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module;

[0147] MOSFET N1 has its source grounded, its gate connected to the third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and its drain connected to the second terminal of inductor L1.

[0148] The source of MOSFET N2 is connected to the second terminal of inductor L1, the gate of MOSFET N2 is the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and the drain of MOSFET N2 is the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module.

[0149] In this embodiment, the voltage regulator module 132 includes: capacitor C1 and capacitor C2, wherein:

[0150] Capacitor C1, the first end of capacitor C1 is connected to the drain of MOSFET N2, and the second end of capacitor C1 is used for grounding;

[0151] Capacitor C2, the second end of capacitor C2 is connected to the first end of inductor L1, and the second end of capacitor C2 is used for grounding.

[0152] In this embodiment, the wind energy harvesting circuit 140 includes a piezoelectric voltage control module 141, a step-down module 142, a step-up module 143, and an anti-backflow module 144.

[0153] In this embodiment, the step-down module 142 includes: resistor R1, resistor R2, MOSFET P1, and DC-DC step-down chip U1, wherein:

[0154] Resistor R1, the first end of resistor R1 is the first end of the voltage reduction module, and the second end of resistor R1 is the second end of the voltage reduction module;

[0155] Resistor R2, the first end of resistor R2 is connected to the second end of resistor R1;

[0156] MOSFET P1, the source of MOSFET P1 is connected to the first end of resistor R1, and the gate of MOSFET P1 is connected to the second end of resistor R2.

[0157] DC-DC step-down chip U1 has its first terminal connected to the drain of MOSFET P1, and its second terminal is the third terminal of the step-down module.

[0158] In this embodiment, the boost module 143 includes resistor R3, resistor R4, MOSFET P2, capacitor C3, and DC-DC boost chip U2, wherein:

[0159] Resistor R3, the first end of resistor R3 is the first end of the boost module, and the second end of resistor R3 is the second end of the boost module;

[0160] Resistor R4, the first end of resistor R4 is connected to the second end of resistor R3;

[0161] MOSFET P2, the source of MOSFET P2 is connected to the first end of resistor R3, and the gate of MOSFET P2 is connected to the second end of resistor R4.

[0162] Capacitor C3, the first terminal of capacitor C3 is connected to the drain of MOSFET P2;

[0163] DC-DC boost chip U2 has its first terminal connected to the second terminal of capacitor C3, and the second terminal of DC-DC boost chip U2 is the third terminal of the boost module.

[0164] In this embodiment, the piezoelectric voltage control module 141 includes resistors R5, R6, R7, MOSFET N3, R8, R9, R10, MOSFET N4, R11, MOSFET N5, and MOSFET N6, wherein:

[0165] Resistor R5, the first end of resistor R5 is the first end of the piezoelectric voltage control module;

[0166] Resistor R6, the first end of resistor R6 is connected to the first end of resistor R5;

[0167] Resistor R7, the first end of resistor R7 is connected to the second end of resistor R5;

[0168] MOSFET N3, the gate of MOSFET N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R6, the drain of MOSFET N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R7, and the source of MOSFET N3 is grounded.

[0169] Resistor R8, the first end of resistor R8 is connected to the second end of resistor R5 and the first end of resistor R7 respectively;

[0170] Resistor R9, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively;

[0171] Resistor R10, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R9, the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively.

[0172] MOSFET N4, the gate of MOSFET N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R8, the source of MOSFET N4 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R10.

[0173] Resistor R11, the first end of resistor R11 is connected to the drain of MOSFET N4 and the second end of resistor R10 respectively;

[0174] MOSFET N5, the gate of MOSFET N5 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R9, the source of MOSFET N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N5 is the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0175] MOSFET N6, the gate of MOSFET N6 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R11, the source of MOSFET N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOSFET N6 is the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

[0176] In this embodiment, the anti-backflow module 144 includes, wherein:

[0177] MOSFET P3, the source of MOSFET P3 is connected to the second terminal of DC-DC step-down chip U1 and the second terminal of DC-DC step-down chip U1, and the drain of MOSFET P3 is the second terminal of anti-backflow module 144;

[0178] Transistor Q1, the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the source of MOSFET P3, the second terminal of DC-DC step-down chip U1, and the second terminal of DC-DC step-down chip U1;

[0179] Transistor Q2, the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the drain of MOSFET P3, and the base of transistor Q2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1.

[0180] Resistor R12, the first end of resistor R12 is connected to the collector of transistor Q1, and the second end of resistor R12 is used for grounding;

[0181] Resistor R13 has its first end connected to the collector of transistor Q2 and its second end connected to the gate of MOSFET P3, and both are connected to ground.

[0182] This embodiment provides a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power. The system includes a sensor circuit for acquiring and monitoring temperature and attitude information of the target; an energy storage battery for storing electrical energy; a photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit for converting the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output a first operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to operate; a wind energy harvesting circuit for converting the wind energy harvesting voltage according to the wind piezoelectric voltage to output a second operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to operate; and a photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit for controlling the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to the first operating voltage. The first operating voltage is equal to the second operating voltage. This allows the entire monitoring system to operate long-term, stably, and autonomously in harsh outdoor environments without relying on an external power grid or frequent battery replacements, improving the monitoring efficiency and reliability of remote equipment such as photovoltaic power stations and wind turbines.

[0183] This application also provides a method for operating a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power, including:

[0184] The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit receives the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage, and the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit controls the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output the first working voltage.

[0185] The wind energy harvesting circuit simultaneously receives wind energy harvesting voltage and wind energy piezoelectric voltage.

[0186] Based on the piezoelectric voltage of wind energy, the wind energy harvesting circuit is controlled to convert the wind energy harvesting voltage to output a second working voltage;

[0187] The first and second operating voltages are transmitted to the sensor circuit and the energy storage battery to enable the sensor circuit to operate and the energy storage battery to store energy.

[0188] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.

[0189] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0190] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power, characterized in that, The system includes: The sensor circuit is used to acquire and monitor the temperature and attitude information of the target. An energy storage battery, wherein the energy storage battery is used to store electrical energy; A photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit, wherein a first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit is used to receive a photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage, and a second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit is connected to the first terminal of the sensor circuit and the first terminal of the energy storage battery. The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit is used to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output a first operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to work. A wind energy harvesting circuit, wherein a first terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit is used to connect to a wind energy harvesting voltage, a second terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit is used to connect to a wind energy piezoelectric voltage, and a third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit is connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit, the first terminal of the sensor circuit, and the first terminal of the energy storage battery; the wind energy harvesting circuit is used to convert the wind energy harvesting voltage according to the wind energy piezoelectric voltage to output a second operating voltage to enable the sensor circuit to operate; A photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit, wherein a first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit is used to connect to the chip operating voltage; a second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit is connected to the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit, the third terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit, the first terminal of the sensor circuit, and the first terminal of the energy storage battery; a third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit is connected to the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit; a fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit is connected to the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit; and a fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit is connected to the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit. The photovoltaic energy harvesting control circuit is used to control the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage into the first operating voltage. Wherein, the first operating voltage is equal to the second operating voltage.

2. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit includes: A photovoltaic voltage regulation module, wherein the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module is the first terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit, the second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module is the second terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit, the third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module is the third terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module, the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module is the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module, and the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module is the fifth terminal of the photovoltaic energy harvesting control module; A voltage regulator module, wherein a first terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to a first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module, and a second terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to a second terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulator module; The photovoltaic voltage regulation module is used to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to obtain the first working voltage, and the voltage stabilization module is used to control the stable output of the first working voltage.

3. The circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic voltage regulation module includes: Inductor L1, the first end of which is the second end of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module, and the second end of which is the fifth end of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module; MOSFET N1, the source of MOSFET N1 is grounded, the gate of MOSFET N1 is the third terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module, and the drain of MOSFET N1 is connected to the second terminal of inductor L1; The source of MOSFET N2 is connected to the second terminal of inductor L1, the gate of MOSFET N2 is the fourth terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module, and the drain of MOSFET N2 is the first terminal of the photovoltaic voltage regulation module.

4. The circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module includes: Capacitor C1, the first end of which is connected to the drain of MOSFET N2, and the second end of which is grounded; Capacitor C2, the second end of which is connected to the first end of inductor L1, and the second end of capacitor C2 is used for grounding.

5. The circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind energy harvesting circuit includes: A piezoelectric voltage control module, wherein the first terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module is the second terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit; A step-down module, wherein the first terminal of the step-down module is the first terminal of the wind energy harvesting circuit, and the second terminal of the step-down module is connected to the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module; A boost module, wherein a first terminal of the boost module is connected to a first terminal of the reducer module, and a second terminal of the boost module is connected to a third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module; The anti-backflow module has its first end connected to the third end of the boost module and the third end of the pressure reducing module, and its second end is the third end of the wind energy harvesting circuit. The piezoelectric voltage control module is used to receive the wind energy piezoelectric voltage, and when the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is greater than a preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold, to turn on the step-down module and turn off the step-up module; and when the wind energy piezoelectric voltage is less than the preset wind energy piezoelectric voltage threshold, to turn off the step-down module and turn on the step-up module. The step-down module is used to receive the wind energy harvesting voltage, and when the step-down module is turned on, it steps down the wind energy harvesting voltage to output the second working voltage; The boost module is used to receive the wind energy harvesting voltage, and when the boost module is turned on, it boosts the wind energy harvesting voltage to output the second working voltage. The backflow prevention module is used to protect the step-down module, the step-up module, and the piezoelectric voltage control module.

6. The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step-down module includes: Resistor R1, wherein the first end of resistor R1 is the first end of the voltage reduction module, and the second end of resistor R1 is the second end of the voltage reduction module; Resistor R2, the first end of which is connected to the second end of resistor R1; MOS transistor P1, the source of which is connected to the first terminal of resistor R1, and the gate of which is connected to the second terminal of resistor R2; DC-DC step-down chip U1, the first terminal of which is connected to the drain of MOS transistor P1, and the second terminal of which is the third terminal of the step-down module.

7. The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The boost module includes: Resistor R3, wherein the first end of resistor R3 is the first end of the boost module, and the second end of resistor R3 is the second end of the boost module; Resistor R4, the first end of which is connected to the second end of resistor R3; MOS transistor P2, the source of which is connected to the first terminal of resistor R3, and the gate of which is connected to the second terminal of resistor R4; Capacitor C3, the first terminal of which is connected to the drain of MOS transistor P2; DC-DC boost chip U2, the first terminal of DC-DC boost chip U2 is connected to the second terminal of capacitor C3, and the second terminal of DC-DC boost chip U2 is the third terminal of boost module.

8. The circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The piezoelectric voltage control module includes: Resistor R5, the first end of which is the first end of the piezoelectric voltage control module; Resistor R6, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R5; Resistor R7, the first end of which is connected to the second end of resistor R5; MOS transistor N3, the gate of MOS transistor N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R6, the drain of MOS transistor N3 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R7, and the source of MOS transistor N3 is grounded; Resistor R8, the first end of which is connected to the second end of resistor R5 and the first end of resistor R7 respectively; Resistor R9, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively; Resistor R10, the first end of which is connected to the first end of resistor R9, the first end of resistor R8, the first end of resistor R7 and the second end of resistor R5 respectively; MOS transistor N4, the gate of MOS transistor N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R8, the source of MOS transistor N4 is grounded, and the drain of MOS transistor N4 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R10; Resistor R11, the first end of which is connected to the drain of MOS transistor N4 and the second end of resistor R10 respectively; MOS transistor N5, the gate of MOS transistor N5 is connected to the second terminal of resistor R9, the source of MOS transistor N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOS transistor N5 is the second terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module; MOS transistor N6, the gate of which is connected to the second terminal of resistor R11, the source of MOS transistor N5 is grounded, and the drain of MOS transistor N6 is the third terminal of the piezoelectric voltage control module.

9. A method for operating a self-powered wireless sensing system based on wind-solar hybrid power, characterized in that, Applied to any of the wind-solar hybrid self-powered wireless sensing systems as described in claims 1-7, comprising: The photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit receives the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage and controls the photovoltaic energy harvesting circuit to convert the photovoltaic energy harvesting voltage to output the first working voltage. The wind energy harvesting circuit simultaneously receives the wind energy harvesting voltage and the wind energy piezoelectric voltage. Based on the wind energy piezoelectric voltage, the wind energy harvesting circuit is controlled to convert the wind energy harvesting voltage to output a second operating voltage; The first operating voltage and the second operating voltage are transmitted to the sensor circuit and the energy storage battery to enable the sensor circuit to operate and the energy storage battery to store energy.

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