Photovoltaic array light chasing and energy concentrating integrated power generation method and system

Abstract

This invention provides a method for acquiring the current illuminance, current module temperature, and current tracking angle of each photovoltaic module; matching the illuminance with a preset level range to obtain the basic tracking accuracy value, concentration multiple, and heat dissipation wind speed value; correcting the wind speed value based on the current module temperature and correcting the tracking accuracy value based on the deviation between the current tracking angle and the standard angle; and performing integrated linkage adjustment of tracking, concentration, and heat dissipation based on the corrected target values. This dynamically balances light capture, temperature control, and system energy consumption, enabling photovoltaic modules to maintain optimal operating conditions under different illuminance and temperature conditions, improving photoelectric conversion efficiency and operational stability under all operating conditions, and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system operation and control technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic array integrated power generation method and system for tracking and concentrating light and adaptive heat dissipation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, photovoltaic power generation systems generally suffer from two major problems: First, the utilization rate of sunlight is low, as traditional fixed-installation photovoltaic modules cannot track changes in the sun's position and suffer from high light reflection losses; second, high-temperature degradation is severe, as the temperature of photovoltaic modules can rise sharply under strong sunlight, leading to a significant decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0003] While existing technologies utilize tracking or heat dissipation devices, these devices typically operate independently, lacking effective collaborative design. In particular, the application of tracking and concentrating technologies further exacerbates module temperature rise, and current control methods cannot dynamically and in conjunction with real-time changes in light intensity and module temperature to adjust tracking accuracy, concentration factor, and heat dissipation power. This results in limited overall power generation efficiency improvement, failing to meet the practical demands for efficient and stable power generation.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve synergistic optimization of light tracking, energy concentration, and heat dissipation, and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency, environmental adaptability, and system operation stability under all operating conditions, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a photovoltaic array integrated power generation method and system for tracking light and concentrating energy with adaptive heat dissipation, which can achieve synergistic optimization of light tracking, energy concentration and heat dissipation, and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency, environmental adaptability and system operation stability under all operating conditions.

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides a photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking and concentrating light and adaptive heat dissipation, which includes: Acquire real-time operating data for each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array; the real-time operating data includes current light intensity, current module temperature, and current tracking angle; The current light intensity is matched with multiple preset light intensity level ranges to determine the target light intensity level to which the current light intensity belongs, and the basic tracking accuracy value, basic focusing multiple value and basic heat dissipation wind speed value corresponding to the target light intensity level are obtained from the preset collaborative control parameter mapping table. Based on the positional relationship between the current component temperature and the preset temperature range, the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is corrected to obtain the target heat dissipation wind speed value; Based on the deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle, the basic tracking accuracy value is corrected to obtain the target tracking accuracy value. Based on the target light-tracking accuracy value, the basic light-concentrating multiple value, and the target heat dissipation wind speed value, the actual light-tracking accuracy of the dual-axis intelligent light-tracking device, the actual light-concentrating multiple of the light-concentrating and light-enhancing device, and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device are adjusted in an integrated manner.

[0007] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic array tracking and energy concentration and adaptive heat dissipation integrated power generation system, which includes a dual-axis intelligent tracking device, a light concentration and light transmission enhancement device, a heat dissipation device and a collaborative control device. The cooperative control device is used for: Acquire real-time operating data for each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array; the real-time operating data includes current light intensity, current module temperature, and current tracking angle; The current light intensity is matched with multiple preset light intensity level ranges to determine the target light intensity level to which the current light intensity belongs, and the basic tracking accuracy value, basic focusing multiple value and basic heat dissipation wind speed value corresponding to the target light intensity level are obtained from the preset collaborative control parameter mapping table. Based on the positional relationship between the current component temperature and the preset temperature range, the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is corrected to obtain the target heat dissipation wind speed value; The second correction module is used to correct the basic tracking accuracy value based on the deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle, so as to obtain the target tracking accuracy value. Based on the target light-tracking accuracy value, the basic light-concentrating multiple value, and the target heat dissipation wind speed value, the actual light-tracking accuracy of the dual-axis intelligent light-tracking device, the actual light-concentrating multiple of the light-concentrating and light-enhancing device, and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device are adjusted in an integrated manner.

[0008] The photovoltaic array tracking and adaptive heat dissipation integrated power generation method and system provided by this invention acquires the current irradiance, component temperature, and tracking angle of the photovoltaic array; matches the irradiance with a preset level range to obtain the basic tracking accuracy, concentration factor, and fan speed; corrects the basic fan speed based on the component temperature and corrects the basic tracking accuracy based on the tracking angle deviation; and performs integrated linkage adjustment of tracking accuracy, concentration factor, and fan speed based on the corrected parameters. This ensures that the photovoltaic components always operate in optimal condition, improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, environmental adaptability, and system operational stability under all operating conditions, thereby maximizing power generation benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated photovoltaic array light-tracking and energy-concentrating system with adaptive heat dissipation provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of the photovoltaic array light-tracking and energy-concentrating integrated adaptive heat dissipation power generation system method provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0012] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated photovoltaic array tracking and energy concentration and adaptive heat dissipation power generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic array integrated power generation system for tracking and concentrating light and adaptive heat dissipation may include a dual-axis intelligent tracking device 11, a concentrating and anti-reflection device 12, a heat dissipation device 13, and a collaborative control device 14. The dual-axis intelligent light-tracking device 11 includes a sensing unit and a drive mechanism. The sensing unit integrates a global positioning system module, a dual-axis tilt sensor, and a four-quadrant photoelectric sensor to collect real-time data on geographic location, solar altitude / azimuth angle, and light intensity distribution. The drive mechanism uses a stepper motor to drive the dual-axis rotation mechanism, achieving 0-360° rotation on the horizontal axis and 0-90° pitch on the vertical axis, with a tracking accuracy within 0.1°.

[0014] The concentrating and anti-reflective device 12 includes a microprism array and an anti-reflective coating. The microprism array, made of polycarbonate, covers the surface of the photovoltaic module and concentrates scattered light onto the cells through light refraction, achieving a 1.5-2 times concentrating effect. The nano-silica anti-reflective coating on the surface reduces the surface reflectivity of the module to below 1%, while maintaining a light transmittance of no less than 95%.

[0015] The heat dissipation device 13 includes a honeycomb aluminum heat dissipation substrate, a microchannel heat dissipation network, a cooling fan, and an intelligent temperature control unit. The heat dissipation substrate has a built-in microchannel network filled with thermally conductive silicone oil. Together with the miniature heat dissipation device 13 and an infrared radiation heat dissipation coating, it achieves a combination of active and passive heat dissipation, improving heat dissipation efficiency by 30%. The intelligent temperature control unit can control the component temperature between 25 and 35°C.

[0016] The collaborative control device 14 enables the coordinated operation of the light-tracking, light-concentrating, and heat dissipation devices 13 via a main control chip. The collaborative control box incorporates overcurrent protection, overtemperature protection, and lightning protection circuits. The entire system uploads operational data to a remote monitoring platform via an RS485 bus, supporting remote operation and maintenance and fault early warning. This system achieves coordinated and optimized control of light, heat, and electricity through the integrated power generation method detailed below.

[0017] The collaborative control device 14 is used to execute the integrated photovoltaic array light-tracking and energy-concentrating and adaptive heat dissipation power generation method. Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of the photovoltaic array light-tracking and energy-concentrating integrated adaptive heat dissipation power generation method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic array tracking and adaptive heat dissipation integrated power generation method provided in this embodiment of the invention mainly includes the following steps: 201. Obtain real-time operating data for each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array; the real-time operating data includes the current light intensity, the current module temperature, and the current tracking angle; Specifically, real-time operating data of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array can be collected. This data includes at least the current light intensity sensed by the light intensity sensor, the current module temperature monitored by the temperature sensor (e.g., PT100) embedded in the module backsheet, and the current tracking angle read from the driver of the dual-axis intelligent tracking device.

[0019] 202. Match the current light intensity with multiple preset light intensity level ranges to determine the target light intensity level to which the current light intensity belongs, and query the preset collaborative control parameter mapping table to obtain the basic tracking accuracy value, basic focusing multiple value and basic heat dissipation wind speed value corresponding to the target light intensity level. In a specific implementation, the collaborative control device internally stores a collaborative control parameter mapping table. This mapping table divides the light intensity into multiple light intensity level intervals. For example, these intervals may include a first, second, and third light intensity interval, ranked from highest to lowest intensity (i.e., high, medium, and low light intensity intervals). Each interval corresponds to a set of preset basic control parameters, including a basic tracking accuracy value, a basic focusing multiple, and a basic cooling fan speed value. Once the current light intensity is obtained, it can be determined which light intensity level interval it falls into, and the corresponding basic control parameters can be quickly retrieved from the mapping table accordingly.

[0020] Specifically, when the current light intensity belongs to the first light intensity range, the basic tracking accuracy value is a first preset accuracy value, the basic focusing multiple value is a first preset multiple, and the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is a first preset wind speed value. When the current light intensity belongs to the second light intensity range, the basic tracking accuracy value is the second preset accuracy value, the basic focusing multiple value is the second preset multiple, and the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is the second preset wind speed value. When the current light intensity belongs to the third light intensity range, the basic light tracking accuracy value is the third preset accuracy value, the basic light focusing multiple value is the multiple corresponding to the natural refraction state without active light focusing, and the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is the wind speed value corresponding to only activating the passive heat dissipation mode. Among them, the first preset accuracy value, the second preset accuracy value, and the third preset accuracy value increase sequentially; the first preset multiple, the second preset multiple, and the multiple corresponding to the natural refraction state decrease sequentially; and the first preset wind speed value, the second preset wind speed value, and the wind speed value corresponding to the passive heat dissipation mode decrease sequentially.

[0021] In detail, when the sensor detects that the current light intensity falls within the highest first light intensity range (e.g., greater than or equal to 800 watts per square meter), it indicates that the light resources are extremely abundant. At this time, in order to maximize energy capture, the highest control targets are set: the basic tracking accuracy value is set to the highest first preset accuracy value (e.g., tracking accuracy reaches 0.05 degrees) to ensure that the light is incident perpendicularly; the basic focusing multiple is set to the highest first preset multiple (e.g., 2 times) to gather more light; however, at the same time, high light intensity will bring the risk of high temperature, so the basic cooling fan speed value is also set to the highest first preset fan speed value (e.g., 5 meters per second) to cope with the large amount of heat generated.

[0022] When the current light intensity falls within the second light intensity range (e.g., greater than or equal to 400 watts per square meter and less than 800 watts per square meter), the lighting conditions are moderate. At this point, the control parameters are adjusted to a balanced state: the basic tracking accuracy is adjusted to a slightly lower second preset accuracy value (e.g., 0.1 degrees), the basic focusing multiple is adjusted to a slightly lower second preset multiple (e.g., 1.5 times), and the basic cooling wind speed is also adjusted accordingly to a medium-speed second preset wind speed value (e.g., 3 meters per second), achieving a balance between increasing power generation and controlling energy consumption and temperature rise.

[0023] When the current light intensity falls within the lowest third light intensity range (e.g., less than 400 watts per square meter), it indicates poor lighting conditions (such as cloudy days or early morning / evening). In this situation, the marginal benefit of precise light tracking and active focusing is very low, and it may even consume unnecessary energy. Therefore, a low-power mode is entered: the basic tracking accuracy value is set to a lower third preset accuracy value, meaning that the tracking frequency can be significantly reduced (e.g., adjusted every 30 minutes); the focusing and anti-reflection device no longer actively focuses light, relying solely on the natural refraction of the microprisms; and the heat dissipation device no longer actively cools, relying only on passive heat dissipation methods such as the infrared radiation coating to maintain a basic state, minimizing its own energy consumption.

[0024] 203. Based on the positional relationship between the current component temperature and the preset temperature range, the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is corrected to obtain the target heat dissipation wind speed value; In a specific implementation, considering that temperature is a key factor affecting power generation efficiency, the airflow speed of the heat dissipation device needs to be corrected. The collaborative control device will determine the relationship between the current component temperature and a preset ideal temperature range (e.g., the optimal operating temperature range of 25-35℃). When the current component temperature is higher than the upper limit of the temperature range, a first airflow speed increment is added to the basic heat dissipation airflow speed value. The first airflow speed increment is proportional to the difference between the current component temperature and the upper limit value. When the current component temperature is lower than the lower limit of the temperature range, the second wind speed reduction is reduced based on the basic heat dissipation wind speed value, or the heat dissipation wind speed is set to zero. When the current component temperature falls within the temperature range, the base heat dissipation fan speed value remains unchanged.

[0025] In detail, if the current component temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, it indicates that the component is overheating. If heat dissipation is not strengthened in time, power generation efficiency will significantly decrease. At this point, a first wind speed increment is added to the base cooling wind speed value determined previously based on sunlight intensity. The size of this increment is not fixed but proportional to the difference between the current temperature and the upper limit. For example, if the current temperature is 40 degrees Celsius and the increment is 5 degrees, while the current temperature is 45 degrees Celsius and the increment is 10 degrees, the latter will receive a larger wind speed increment than the former. This achieves a linear increase in heat dissipation intensity with the degree of overheating, enabling precise temperature control.

[0026] If the current component temperature is below 25 degrees Celsius, it indicates that the component temperature is too low, and the heat dissipation requirement is very low, or even no active cooling is needed. To save energy, a second fan speed reduction will be applied to the base cooling fan speed. When the temperature is far below the lower limit, the target fan speed of the cooling device can be set to zero, that is, the fan is completely turned off, and the component is maintained solely by the passive heat sink.

[0027] If the current component temperature falls between 25 and 35 degrees Celsius, it indicates an ideal thermal state, requiring no additional intervention. In this case, the base cooling fan speed will remain unchanged without any adjustments.

[0028] 204. Based on the deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle, the basic tracking accuracy value is corrected to obtain the target tracking accuracy value; In a specific implementation, the basic tracking accuracy can also be corrected. Specifically, the actual incident angle of sunlight, sensed in real time by the photosensor installed on the photovoltaic module, can be obtained and used as the current tracking angle. The absolute deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle can be calculated. When the absolute deviation exceeds a preset first deviation threshold, the basic tracking accuracy value is reduced by a first precision adjustment amount to trigger the tracking module to make more precise step adjustments. When the absolute deviation is less than a preset second deviation threshold, the basic tracking accuracy value is increased by a second precision adjustment amount to reduce unnecessary adjustments by the tracking module. The first deviation threshold is greater than the second deviation threshold.

[0029] In detail, the dual-axis intelligent light-tracking device is equipped with photosensitive sensors such as a four-quadrant photoelectric sensor. By reading the data from these sensors, the collaborative control device can sense the actual angle of incidence of sunlight in real time, which is the current light-tracking angle.

[0030] Meanwhile, the astronomical algorithm inside the collaborative control device calculates the theoretically correct standard tracking angle in real time based on time and geographical location information (provided by the GPS module). The absolute value of the difference between the actual incident angle and the standard tracking angle is then calculated, known as the absolute deviation value. Two thresholds can be preset: a larger first deviation threshold and a smaller second deviation threshold. The first deviation threshold is used to determine if the tracking is inaccurate, and the second deviation threshold is used to determine if the tracking is accurate.

[0031] When the calculated absolute deviation exceeds the first deviation threshold, it indicates a significant deviation between the current direction of the tracking device and the actual position of the sun, requiring immediate and more precise adjustments. Therefore, the previously queried baseline tracking accuracy value will be reduced by one first-precision adjustment amount. For example, the stepper motor's step angle control parameter will be reduced from 0.1 degrees to 0.05 degrees. This means the tracking module will rotate with smaller steps for more precise optimization until the deviation decreases.

[0032] When the calculated absolute deviation value is less than the second deviation threshold, it indicates that the current direction of the tracking device is very accurate and within an acceptable error range. At this point, to avoid unnecessary frequent fine-tuning of the motor, which would lead to energy waste and mechanical damage, a second precision adjustment amount will be added to the basic tracking accuracy value. For example, the control step angle will be increased from 0.05 degrees to 0.1 degrees, keeping the tracking module stationary within a certain range. Adjustments will only be made if the deviation increases again.

[0033] 205. Based on the target light-tracking accuracy value, the basic light-concentrating multiple value, and the target heat dissipation wind speed value, the actual light-tracking accuracy of the dual-axis intelligent light-tracking device, the actual light-concentrating multiple of the light-concentrating and light-enhancing device, and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device are adjusted in an integrated manner.

[0034] In a specific implementation process, the above processing results can be issued as the final control command: the corrected target tracking accuracy value is used to control the dual-axis intelligent tracking device to perform high-precision tracking; the basic focusing multiple value obtained from the mapping table is used to control the focusing state of the focusing and anti-reflection device; and the corrected target heat dissipation wind speed value is used to control the rotation speed of the heat dissipation device, thereby realizing the integrated and linked adjustment of the three links of tracking, focusing and heat dissipation.

[0035] This embodiment of the photovoltaic array integrated power generation method combining light tracking, concentration, and adaptive heat dissipation introduces a hierarchical control framework based on illuminance and combines it with dynamic correction of temperature and light tracking accuracy. This achieves coordinated operation of light tracking, concentration, and heat dissipation, overcoming the bottleneck in efficiency improvement caused by the separation of these three elements in traditional solutions. This method enables adaptive adjustment of the operating mode according to different lighting conditions, maximizing energy capture and simultaneously enhancing heat dissipation under strong light, and reducing energy consumption under weak light, thus maintaining efficient and stable power generation performance in all weather and multi-seasonal scenarios.

[0036] In some embodiments, before acquiring the real-time operating data of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array, the method further includes: Collect historical operating data of the photovoltaic array under various standard operating conditions. The historical operating data includes the optimal combination of tracking accuracy, concentration factor and heat dissipation wind speed that maximizes the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module under different light intensities and different component temperatures. The light intensity is divided into multiple light intensity level ranges according to the order of light intensity from low to high. The tracking accuracy, focusing multiple, and cooling wind speed in the optimal combination value corresponding to each light intensity level range are respectively set to the basic tracking accuracy value, basic focusing multiple value, and basic cooling wind speed value corresponding to that light intensity level range, thereby generating the collaborative control parameter mapping table.

[0037] In detail, various standard operating conditions are simulated in a laboratory or standard testing environment for photovoltaic modules of the same specifications as actual photovoltaic arrays. These standard operating conditions cover a variety of combinations of light intensity (from low to high) and module temperature (from low to high).

[0038] For each specific operating condition combination (e.g., irradiance of 900 watts per square meter and module temperature of 45 degrees Celsius), through experiments or simulations, with the goal of maximizing photovoltaic module power generation efficiency, three parameters are jointly optimized: tracking accuracy (e.g., step angle parameters of stepper motors), concentration factor (e.g., by adjusting the effective area of ​​microprisms), and cooling wind speed. The parameter combination that maximizes power generation efficiency is recorded; this set of parameters is the "optimal combination value" for that operating condition.

[0039] After completing tests under all preset operating conditions, the light intensity data for all conditions are sorted in ascending order. Then, these continuous light intensity values ​​are divided into multiple discrete level intervals. The principle of this division is to ensure that the impact of light intensity variations within each interval on the optimal control parameters is within an acceptable range.

[0040] For each defined light intensity level interval, the optimal combination of values ​​for all operating conditions within that interval is identified. This can be achieved by averaging or selecting the median to determine the most representative tracking accuracy, focusing power, and cooling fan speed for that interval. These values ​​are then set as the base tracking accuracy, base focusing power, and base cooling fan speed for that light intensity level interval, respectively, generating a complete collaborative control parameter mapping table. This table is stored in the collaborative control device's memory for online querying.

[0041] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking and concentrating light and adaptive heat dissipation may further include: Continuously collect new data on light intensity, module temperature, and corresponding actual power generation efficiency generated during the actual operation of the photovoltaic array; When it is found that the actual power generation efficiency under new component temperature conditions in a certain light intensity range is lower than the power generation efficiency corresponding to the preset optimal combination value in that range and the difference exceeds the preset efficiency decline threshold, the updated values ​​of the basic tracking accuracy value, basic concentration multiple value and basic heat dissipation wind speed value corresponding to that light intensity range are re-determined based on the newly collected data. Replace the original preset value for that light intensity range in the collaborative control parameter mapping table with the updated value.

[0042] In detail, it can continuously record actual operating data. In each adjustment cycle, the current irradiance, component temperature, target tracking accuracy value, target cooling wind speed value, basic concentration multiple, and the final actual power generation efficiency are recorded as a complete sample.

[0043] These operational data are analyzed periodically or when trigger conditions are met. Specifically, a specific light intensity range in the collaborative control parameter mapping table can be examined. For example, the mapping table defines that in the second light intensity range (400-800 watts per square meter), when the module temperature is at a specific value, a preset optimal combination of values ​​should achieve a expected power generation efficiency. However, in actual operation, it was found that whenever the operating conditions fall into this range and the module temperature is within a new range, the actual measured power generation efficiency is consistently lower than the expected efficiency, and the difference exceeds a preset efficiency decline threshold (e.g., 5%). This indicates that the original preset parameters may no longer be optimal due to factors such as module aging and environmental changes.

[0044] Once the above situation is detected, a self-optimization process will be triggered. It will specifically extract all operational data samples within the light intensity range and where the component temperature falls under the new conditions. Then, the optimal parameter combination optimization process will be repeated, but this time using actual operational data instead of laboratory data. Through analysis, the optimal tracking accuracy, optimal focusing ratio, and optimal cooling fan speed values ​​that can adapt to the current new conditions will be found as the updated values ​​for that range.

[0045] Ultimately, this self-learned updated value will be used to replace the original basic control parameter values ​​in the collaborative control parameter mapping table corresponding to the light intensity range, thereby completing the online upgrade of the mapping table.

[0046] This embodiment, by continuously analyzing actual operating data and comparing it with expected results, can proactively identify control parameter mismatches caused by equipment aging, environmental changes, etc., and automatically correct the parameter mapping table. This reduces the cost of manual maintenance and parameter calibration.

[0047] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking and concentrating light and adaptive heat dissipation may further include: Monitor the rate of temperature change of each photovoltaic module and the real-time deviation between the actual tracking angle and the target tracking accuracy value; When the temperature change rate of any component exceeds the preset safe change rate threshold, or the real-time deviation value exceeds the preset fault deviation threshold, the electrical connection of the faulty component is cut off, a fault code containing a fault type identifier is generated, and the fault code is sent to the remote monitoring platform.

[0048] In detail, it can monitor the key safety indicators of each photovoltaic module in real time. These indicators mainly include two: one is the rate of change of module temperature, that is, the magnitude of temperature rise or fall per unit time; the other is the real-time deviation between the actual tracking angle and the target tracking accuracy value required by the current command.

[0049] A safety range can be preset. A safety threshold is set for the rate of temperature change, for example, the temperature rise must not exceed 5 degrees Celsius per minute. If the temperature of a component is detected to rise sharply within a short period, exceeding this threshold, it strongly suggests that the component may have experienced a serious failure such as an internal short circuit or arcing.

[0050] For tracking angle deviation, a fault deviation threshold is set, which is much larger than the first deviation threshold used for control adjustment. For example, if the target tracking accuracy is 0.1 degrees, but the actual angle feedback shows a deviation of more than 5 degrees, and the motor drive signal is normal, this likely means that the mechanical transmission mechanism is stuck or the sensor has failed.

[0051] Once any of the above conditions is triggered, the overcurrent and overtemperature protection logic within the collaborative control device will immediately take effect. First, the device will disconnect the electrical connection of the faulty photovoltaic module using built-in switching devices, isolating it from other healthy modules in the array to prevent the fault from escalating and to avoid fire or system failure. Simultaneously, the collaborative control device will generate a standardized fault code based on the specific type of triggering condition; for example, "E101" represents a temperature sensor fault, and "E205" represents a stuck tracking mechanism. This fault code is immediately transmitted to the remote monitoring platform via a communication antenna or wired network, notifying maintenance personnel to perform precise repairs.

[0052] In some embodiments, before acquiring the real-time operating data of each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array, the process may further include: Obtain the actual latitude information of the photovoltaic power station installation site; Based on the actual latitude information, calculate the minimum solar altitude angle at that location on the winter solstice; Based on the minimum solar altitude angle, a lower limit value for the row spacing of adjacent photovoltaic modules is determined so that the mutual shading area between modules does not exceed a preset shading tolerance threshold at any time of the year. When the latitude of the installation location exceeds a preset first latitude threshold, the lower limit of the row spacing is increased; When the latitude of the installation site is lower than a preset second latitude threshold, the lower limit of the row spacing is reduced; wherein, the value of the first latitude threshold is greater than the value of the second latitude threshold.

[0053] In detail, before installing the photovoltaic array, the precise latitude information of the photovoltaic power station's location can be obtained. Using this latitude information, astronomical algorithms can be used to calculate the solar altitude angle at noon on the winter solstice. The winter solstice is the day with the lowest solar altitude angle in the Northern Hemisphere, thus producing the longest shadows, making it the most stringent condition for determining whether the modules will shade each other.

[0054] To ensure that the mutual shading area between modules does not exceed a preset tolerance threshold (e.g., 5%) at any time of year, a lower limit for the row spacing between adjacent rows of photovoltaic modules needs to be determined based on the calculated minimum solar altitude angle. The row spacing must be large enough to ensure that when the solar altitude angle is at its lowest, the shadow of the previous row of modules does not obscure the critical working area of ​​the next row of modules.

[0055] The determination of the lower limit for row spacing is also related to latitude. A first latitude threshold (e.g., for high-latitude regions) and a second latitude threshold (e.g., for low-latitude regions) are preset. If the actual latitude of the installation site exceeds the higher first latitude threshold, it indicates that the solar altitude angle at that location is consistently low, resulting in a significant shading effect. Therefore, the lower limit for row spacing calculated in the previous step needs to be further increased to ensure no obstruction. Conversely, if the actual latitude is lower than the lower second latitude threshold, it indicates that the sunlight angle at that location is relatively vertical, resulting in shorter shadows. In this case, the lower limit for row spacing can be appropriately reduced while ensuring minimal obstruction, thus saving valuable land resources and increasing the installed capacity per unit area.

[0056] This embodiment calculates the minimum solar altitude angle and introduces a latitude correction factor to accurately determine the optimal row spacing of the photovoltaic array. This effectively avoids power generation losses caused by shading between modules while maximizing land utilization.

[0057] In some embodiments, after the actual tracking accuracy of each photovoltaic module, the actual concentration factor of the concentrating and anti-reflection device, and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device are adjusted in an integrated manner, the system may further include: The current concentrating gain power and the current power consumption of the heat dissipation device for each photovoltaic module are calculated in real time, and the net gain power is calculated; the net gain power is the difference between the current concentrating gain power and the current power consumption of the heat dissipation device. With the goal of maximizing the net gain power, collaborative optimization is performed within the neighborhood of the current operating point, which is composed of the target tracking accuracy value, the target heat dissipation wind speed value, and the basic focusing multiple value, to obtain the final optimal combination of adjustment parameters. The current integrated linkage control state is updated using the final optimal combination of control parameters; The collaborative optimization adopts a hierarchical step-by-step approach: First-level optimization: Keep the target beam tracking accuracy value unchanged, and adjust the actual beam focusing multiple and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device simultaneously in a step search manner. Record the first intermediate combination that maximizes the net gain power. The adjustment step size of the actual beam focusing multiple is a preset beam focusing multiple step size, and the adjustment step size of the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device is a preset wind speed step size. Second-level optimization: Based on the first intermediate combination, the actual beam tracking accuracy is finely adjusted within a precision step of the target beam tracking accuracy value, while keeping the actual focusing multiple obtained from the first-level optimization and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device unchanged, and recording the final optimal adjustment parameter combination that maximizes the net gain power.

[0058] In detail, two key power values ​​can be calculated in real time: one is the additional power generation after activating the concentrating anti-reflection device, i.e., the current concentrating gain power; the other is the power consumed by the heat dissipation device to achieve the current heat dissipation effect. Then, the net gain power is calculated using the formula: "Net gain power equals current concentrating gain power minus the power consumed by the current heat dissipation device." This net gain power represents the actual additional benefit gained from the synergistic effect of concentrating and heat dissipation.

[0059] The optimization objective becomes maximizing this net gain power. To this end, the algorithm searches within the neighborhood of the current operating point. The current operating point is determined by the corrected target tracking accuracy, the target cooling fan speed, and the base focusing power.

[0060] The search employs a hierarchical, step-by-step approach to reduce computational complexity and ensure stability.

[0061] In the first layer of optimization, the target beam tracking accuracy is temporarily fixed. Then, near the base beam focusing value, the actual beam focusing ratio is adjusted upwards or downwards in a preset step size (e.g., 0.1 times); simultaneously, near the target cooling wind speed value, the actual wind speed of the cooling device is adjusted upwards or downwards in a preset step size (e.g., 0.5 meters per second). This two-dimensional small-range combination space is traversed, the net gain power under each combination is calculated, and the combination that maximizes the net gain power is recorded, called the first intermediate combination.

[0062] In the second layer of optimization, the actual focusing power obtained from the first layer of optimization and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device are kept constant. Then, the target tracking accuracy value is used as the center, and fine-tuning is performed within a range of plus or minus one accuracy step (e.g., 0.02 degrees). The net gain power under these limited tracking accuracy options (i.e., lower accuracy, current accuracy, higher accuracy) is evaluated, and the tracking accuracy value that maximizes the net gain power is selected.

[0063] Ultimately, the optimal focusing power and fan speed obtained from the first layer of optimization, together with the optimal tracking accuracy value obtained from the second layer of optimization, constitute the final optimal combination of adjustment parameters. This combination is then used to update the current integrated linkage adjustment state.

[0064] This embodiment maximizes the economic benefits of the system by introducing "net gain power" as the core optimization objective and designing a hierarchical step-by-step optimization method. It ensures that the power generation gain brought about by each light-tracking and heat dissipation action is greater than its own consumption, thereby improving energy efficiency and return on investment.

[0065] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device may include: a processor 310, a communication interface 320, a memory 330, and a communication bus 340. The processor 310, communication interface 320, and memory 330 communicate with each other via the communication bus 340. The processor 310 can call logical instructions stored in the memory 330 to execute a photovoltaic array-based integrated power generation method combining light-tracking and adaptive heat dissipation.

[0066] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 330 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0067] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer is able to execute the photovoltaic array tracking and energy concentration and adaptive heat dissipation integrated power generation method provided by the above methods.

[0068] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the photovoltaic array tracking and energy concentration and adaptive heat dissipation integrated power generation method provided by the above methods.

[0069] It should be noted that all relevant information that may be involved in the various embodiments of the present invention is processed in strict accordance with the requirements of laws and regulations, following the principles of legality, legitimacy, and necessity, based on the reasonable purpose of the business scenario, and is information that users actively provide or generate during the use of the product / service, as well as information obtained with user authorization.

[0070] The information processed by this invention may vary depending on the specific product / service scenario and should be based on the specific scenario in which the user uses the product / service. This may involve user account information, device information, or other related information. This invention will treat the relevant information and its processing with the utmost diligence.

[0071] This invention places great importance on the security of related information and has adopted reasonable and feasible security protection measures that comply with industry standards to protect related information and prevent unauthorized access, public disclosure, use, modification, damage or loss of related information.

[0072] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0073] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic array integrated power generation method combining light-tracking and energy concentration with adaptive heat dissipation, characterized in that, include: Acquire real-time operating data for each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array; The real-time operating data includes the current light intensity, current component temperature, and current tracking angle; The current light intensity is matched with multiple preset light intensity level ranges to determine the target light intensity level to which the current light intensity belongs, and the basic tracking accuracy value, basic focusing multiple value and basic heat dissipation wind speed value corresponding to the target light intensity level are obtained from the preset collaborative control parameter mapping table. Based on the positional relationship between the current component temperature and the preset temperature range, the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is corrected to obtain the target heat dissipation wind speed value; Based on the deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle, the basic tracking accuracy value is corrected to obtain the target tracking accuracy value. Based on the target light-tracking accuracy value, the basic light-concentrating multiple value, and the target heat dissipation wind speed value, the actual light-tracking accuracy of the dual-axis intelligent light-tracking device, the actual light-concentrating multiple of the light-concentrating and light-enhancing device, and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device are adjusted in an integrated manner.

2. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of light intensity level ranges include at least a first light intensity range, a second light intensity range, and a third light intensity range, with light intensity decreasing from large to small; When the current light intensity belongs to the first light intensity range, the basic tracking accuracy value is a first preset accuracy value, the basic focusing multiple value is a first preset multiple, and the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is a first preset wind speed value. When the current light intensity belongs to the second light intensity range, the basic tracking accuracy value is the second preset accuracy value, the basic focusing multiple value is the second preset multiple, and the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is the second preset wind speed value. When the current light intensity belongs to the third light intensity range, the basic light tracking accuracy value is the third preset accuracy value, the basic light focusing multiple value is the multiple corresponding to the natural refraction state without active light focusing, and the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is the wind speed value corresponding to only activating the passive heat dissipation mode. Among them, the first preset accuracy value, the second preset accuracy value, and the third preset accuracy value increase sequentially; the first preset multiple, the second preset multiple, and the multiple corresponding to the natural refraction state decrease sequentially; and the first preset wind speed value, the second preset wind speed value, and the wind speed value corresponding to the passive heat dissipation mode decrease sequentially.

3. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the positional relationship between the current component temperature and the preset temperature range, the basic heat dissipation fan speed value is corrected to obtain the target heat dissipation fan speed value, including: When the current component temperature is higher than the upper limit of the temperature range, a first wind speed increment is added to the basic heat dissipation wind speed value. The first wind speed increment is proportional to the difference between the current component temperature and the upper limit. When the current component temperature is lower than the lower limit of the temperature range, the second wind speed reduction is reduced based on the basic heat dissipation wind speed value, or the heat dissipation wind speed is set to zero. When the current component temperature falls within the temperature range, the base heat dissipation fan speed value remains unchanged.

4. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle, the basic tracking accuracy value is corrected to obtain the target tracking accuracy value, including: The actual incident angle of sunlight, which is sensed in real time by the photosensitive sensor installed on the photovoltaic module, is used as the current tracking angle. Calculate the absolute deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle; When the absolute deviation value exceeds the preset first deviation threshold, the basic tracking accuracy value is reduced by the first accuracy adjustment amount to trigger the tracking module to make a more precise step adjustment. When the absolute deviation value is less than the preset second deviation threshold, the basic tracking accuracy value is increased by a second accuracy adjustment amount to reduce unnecessary adjustments to the tracking module; wherein the first deviation threshold is greater than the second deviation threshold.

5. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before acquiring real-time operating data for each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array, the following steps are also included: Collect historical operating data of the photovoltaic array under various standard operating conditions. The historical operating data includes the optimal combination of tracking accuracy, concentration factor and heat dissipation wind speed that maximizes the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module under different light intensities and different component temperatures. The light intensity is divided into multiple light intensity level ranges according to the order of light intensity from low to high. The tracking accuracy, focusing multiple, and cooling wind speed in the optimal combination value corresponding to each light intensity level range are respectively set to the basic tracking accuracy value, basic focusing multiple value, and basic cooling wind speed value corresponding to that light intensity level range, thereby generating the collaborative control parameter mapping table.

6. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Continuously collect new data on light intensity, module temperature, and corresponding actual power generation efficiency generated during the actual operation of the photovoltaic array; When it is found that the actual power generation efficiency under new component temperature conditions in a certain light intensity range is lower than the power generation efficiency corresponding to the preset optimal combination value in that range and the difference exceeds the preset efficiency decline threshold, the updated values ​​of the basic tracking accuracy value, basic concentration multiple value and basic heat dissipation wind speed value corresponding to that light intensity range are re-determined based on the newly collected data. Replace the original preset value for that light intensity range in the collaborative control parameter mapping table with the updated value.

7. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Monitor the rate of temperature change of each photovoltaic module and the real-time deviation between the actual tracking angle and the target tracking accuracy value; When the temperature change rate of any component exceeds the preset safe change rate threshold, or the real-time deviation value exceeds the preset fault deviation threshold, the electrical connection of the faulty component is cut off, a fault code containing a fault type identifier is generated, and the fault code is sent to the remote monitoring platform.

8. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before acquiring real-time operating data for each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array, the following steps are also included: Obtain the actual latitude information of the photovoltaic power station installation site; Based on the actual latitude information, calculate the minimum solar altitude angle at that location on the winter solstice; Based on the minimum solar altitude angle, a lower limit value for the row spacing of adjacent photovoltaic modules is determined so that the mutual shading area between modules does not exceed a preset shading tolerance threshold at any time of the year. When the latitude of the installation location exceeds a preset first latitude threshold, the lower limit of the row spacing is increased; When the latitude of the installation site is lower than a preset second latitude threshold, the lower limit of the row spacing is reduced; wherein, the value of the first latitude threshold is greater than the value of the second latitude threshold.

9. The photovoltaic array integrated power generation method for tracking light concentration and adaptive heat dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that, After integrating and coordinating the actual light tracking accuracy of each photovoltaic module, the actual concentration factor of the concentrating and anti-reflection device, and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device, the following is also included: The current concentrating gain power and the current power consumption of the heat dissipation device for each photovoltaic module are calculated in real time, and the net gain power is calculated; the net gain power is the difference between the current concentrating gain power and the current power consumption of the heat dissipation device. With the goal of maximizing the net gain power, collaborative optimization is performed within the neighborhood of the current operating point, which is composed of the target tracking accuracy value, the target heat dissipation wind speed value, and the basic focusing multiple value, to obtain the final optimal combination of adjustment parameters. The current integrated linkage control state is updated using the final optimal combination of control parameters; The collaborative optimization adopts a hierarchical step-by-step approach: First-level optimization: Keep the target beam tracking accuracy value unchanged, and adjust the actual beam focusing multiple and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device simultaneously in a step search manner. Record the first intermediate combination that maximizes the net gain power. The adjustment step size of the actual beam focusing multiple is a preset beam focusing multiple step size, and the adjustment step size of the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device is a preset wind speed step size. Second-level optimization: Based on the first intermediate combination, the actual beam tracking accuracy is finely adjusted within a precision step of the target beam tracking accuracy value, while keeping the actual focusing multiple obtained from the first-level optimization and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device unchanged, and recording the final optimal adjustment parameter combination that maximizes the net gain power.

10. A photovoltaic array integrated power generation system combining light-tracking and adaptive heat dissipation, characterized in that, It includes a dual-axis intelligent light tracking device, a light-concentrating and light-reflecting device, a heat dissipation device, and a collaborative control device; The cooperative control device is used for: Acquire real-time operating data for each photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic array; the real-time operating data includes current light intensity, current module temperature, and current tracking angle; The current light intensity is matched with multiple preset light intensity level ranges to determine the target light intensity level to which the current light intensity belongs, and the basic tracking accuracy value, basic focusing multiple value and basic heat dissipation wind speed value corresponding to the target light intensity level are obtained from the preset collaborative control parameter mapping table. Based on the positional relationship between the current component temperature and the preset temperature range, the basic heat dissipation wind speed value is corrected to obtain the target heat dissipation wind speed value; The second correction module is used to correct the basic tracking accuracy value based on the deviation between the current tracking angle and the preset standard tracking angle, so as to obtain the target tracking accuracy value. Based on the target light-tracking accuracy value, the basic light-concentrating multiple value, and the target heat dissipation wind speed value, the actual light-tracking accuracy of the dual-axis intelligent light-tracking device, the actual light-concentrating multiple of the light-concentrating and light-enhancing device, and the actual wind speed of the heat dissipation device are adjusted in an integrated manner.

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