System and method for integrated sensing and communication of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power division network

Abstract

This application proposes an integrated sensing system and method combining incremental phase modulation and a reconfigurable power divider network. In this system, each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of a controlled switch and multiple delay lines with different phase shifts. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) controls its time-division multiplexing output of four phase states with equal duration and equally spaced phase increments. The reconfigurable power divider network is used to individually or simultaneously activate radar and communication transceiver links. This system replaces traditional phase shifters with incremental phase modulation modules composed of controlled switches and delay lines. Combined with the flexible gating and dynamic power allocation of the reconfigurable power divider network, a single communication link can simultaneously generate two independent RF signals. K / 2 links can serve K users, significantly reducing hardware complexity, cost, and power consumption. It enables simultaneous multi-target detection and multi-user communication on the same hardware platform, achieving high spectral efficiency and energy efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna engineering technology, and in particular to an integrated inductive system and method for incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network. Background Technology

[0002] Sensor integration, as a technology with broad application prospects, offers a feasible solution to the spectrum sharing problem between communication and radar applications and is receiving widespread attention within the industry. In traditional mobile communication systems, sensing functions are primarily achieved through auxiliary information, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) or inertial sensors on the device. In 5G systems, various reference signals are defined in uplink and downlink radio frames, which can be used to estimate the transmitter's angle and distance, and even for imaging. Unlike traditional systems, 6G wireless networks aim to provide Sensing as a Service, with anticipated significant improvements in service quality and energy efficiency; therefore, traditional mechanisms may not be able to achieve the expected performance. Furthermore, the anticipated 6G wireless network needs to support various emerging low-power applications, such as intelligent connected vehicles and drones, requiring sensing functions to be naturally embedded in the mobile system. Sensor information can play a crucial role in improving the energy efficiency of communication systems. Utilizing the location information of user terminals, access points can guide beams to terminals to increase data rates at fixed transmit power or reduce energy consumption at fixed data rates, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the communication system. Current dual-function radar communication systems are designed to address the feasibility of transmitting information to communication users and detecting radar targets using the same access point, thereby generating integrated gain and coordinated gain. However, existing research faces the problem of excessively high hardware complexity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application provides an integrated sensing system with incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network. The reconfigurable power divider network enables flexible link selection and dynamic power allocation, which greatly reduces the hardware complexity, cost and power consumption of the system. At the same time, by generating two signals from a single link to serve two users, K / 2 links can serve K users, halving the number of RF links. This enables simultaneous multi-target detection and multi-user communication on the same hardware platform, with high spectrum utilization and energy efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: An integrated sensing system with incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network includes: one N-element antenna array, one radar transceiver link, K / 2 communication transceiver links, (K / 2+1) N-channel power divider networks, (K / 2+1)N 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules, one field-programmable gate array, and one (K / 2+1)-channel reconfigurable power divider network, where N is a positive integer and K is an even number; Each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of a controlled switch and multiple delay lines with different phase shifts; One radar transceiver link is electrically connected to the input of one N-channel power distribution network, K / 2 communication transceiver links are electrically connected to the input of K / 2 N-channel power distribution networks, and the outputs of all N-channel power distribution networks are connected one-to-one to a 2-bit incremental phase modulation module. The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to control the working state of all 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules. The FPGA outputs timing control signals to control the opening of the controlled switches and to select different delay lines, so that each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module outputs four phase states with equal duration and equal phase intervals in a time-division manner. The field-programmable gate array is also connected to the control terminal of the (K / 2+1) channel reconfigurable power divider network to control the gating state of the reconfigurable power divider network; The output signals of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module are aggregated and connected to the input terminals of the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network. The (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network is used to individually connect the radar transceiver link, individually connect any one communication transceiver link, or simultaneously connect the radar transceiver link and at least one communication transceiver link. The common output terminal of the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network is connected to the N-element antenna array.

[0005] Optionally, in the above-mentioned integrated sensing system of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, the radar transceiver link is cascaded in sequence along the transmission direction with a first digital processing module, a first analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a first up / down conversion module, and cascaded in sequence along the reception direction with a first up / down conversion module, a first analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a first digital processing module. Each communication transceiver link consists of a digital processing module group, a baseband adder, a second analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a second up / down conversion module cascaded along the transmission direction. Along the receiving direction, a second up / down conversion module, a second analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a digital processing module group are cascaded in sequence. The digital processing module group includes a second digital processing module and a third digital processing module. The output of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module is connected sequentially to an amplifier, a filter, and a circulator. The outputs of all circulators are then combined and connected to the input of a (K / 2+1)-channel reconfigurable power divider network.

[0006] Optionally, in the above-mentioned integrated inductive system of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, a single communication transceiver link can generate two independent radio frequency signals, and K / 2 communication transceiver links can simultaneously serve K communication users.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned integrated inductive system of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of 4 absorptive single-pole double-throw switches, 2 0° delay lines, 1 90° delay line and 1 180° delay line.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned integrated inductive system of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module outputs four phase states with equal duration and equal phase intervals in a time-division multiplexing manner. The phase states are 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, respectively, and each phase state increases by π / 2 in time sequence.

[0009] A signal processing method integrating incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, applied to any of the above-mentioned systems, includes: S1: The second and third digital processing modules of the communication transceiver link modulate the baseband communication signal to the target intermediate frequency and then combine it through the baseband adder. The combined signal is then converted from digital to analog and up-converted, and then evenly distributed to the branches corresponding to its N output terminals by the N-way power distribution network. The signal in each branch is frequency shifted by the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module and then radiated outward by the N-element antenna array. S2: The digital processing module of the radar transceiver link modulates the radar detection signal to the target intermediate frequency. After digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, it is evenly distributed to the corresponding branches of its N output terminals by the N-way power distribution network. The signal in each branch is frequency shifted by the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module and then radiated outward by the N-element antenna array. S3: The operating state of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module is controlled by the digital time modulation sequence output by the field programmable gate array to achieve frequency shifting; S4: The radar transceiver link and any one or more of the paths corresponding to the K / 2 communication transceiver links are simultaneously activated through the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network. In this system, a single communication transceiver link generates two independent radio frequency signals simultaneously, each serving a communication user.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-described integrated signal processing method for incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider networks, in step S3, the characterization parameters of the digital time modulation sequence are... and The optimal value can be obtained through the following steps: S31: Set the system's maximum permissible transmit power P maxand the minimum data transmission rate threshold for each communication user; S32: The fitness function is a weighted sum of three metrics: the average signal-to-noise ratio of the radar received signal, the sum of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of all communication users, and the sum of the transmission rates of all communication users. In the formula, w1, w2, and w3 are weighting coefficients, forming a weighting coefficient matrix w = {w1, w2, w3}. This represents the average signal-to-noise ratio of the radar received signal. r represents the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the k-th communication user. k P represents the achievable data transmission rate for the k-th user. max Pt represents the system's preset maximum allowable transmission power, and Pt represents the actual maximum radiated power. S33: Input the communication user direction, radar target direction, preset transmission rate of each communication user, system maximum transmit power, and weighting coefficient matrix into the fitness function in S32, and output the characterization parameters. and And convert them into optimization vectors respectively. , (i = 0, 1, …, K / 2): , Where i = 0 represents the radar transmission link, and i = 1, …, K / 2 represents the communication transceiver link; S34: Under the constraints set in step S31, with the optimization objective of maximizing the fitness function constructed in step S32, the differential evolution algorithm is invoked to optimize the vector. , The decision variables, together with the gating state vector s, are iteratively solved. The gating state vector s has a dimension of (K / 2+1), with the first s0 corresponding to the radar transceiver link, and each subsequent s... m (m=1,2,…,K / 2) corresponds to the nth communication transceiver link. The bits of the gating state vector s are binary state identifiers, with a value of 1 indicating that the corresponding link is on and a value of 0 indicating that the corresponding link is off. The radar receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of each communication user, and the transmission rate in the fitness function are all calculated based on the link conduction combination determined by s. The interference term in the SIR only accumulates the interference of the conduction links. The total system transmit power P t Only the power of the conducting link is accumulated, and the communication rate is constrained by r. k Verification is performed only on users whose links are active.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned integrated signal processing method of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, the mathematical expression of the digital time modulation sequence is: ; ; In the formula, Let be the time modulation waveform function corresponding to the nth antenna element in the i-th link. This is a modulation sequence within a single period, where q is the period number and Tp is the incrementing phase modulation period. Let T be the start time of the "0°" state of the nth time modulation sequence in the i-th RF link, and -T p / 2 ≤ ti,ns ≤ T p / 2, For this timing sequence, the modulation period T is... p Total conduction time within.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned integrated signal processing method for incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, in step S1, the second and third digital processing modules of the communication transceiver link respectively modulate the carrier frequency of the baseband communication signal from the intermediate frequency carrier frequency FI to FI. Fp and FI+3Fp are combined by a baseband adder to form a combined signal; The carrier frequency of the combined signal is converted from digital to analog and then up-converted to obtain the radio frequency Fc. Fp and Fc+3Fp; After being evenly distributed to its N output branches by the N-way power distribution network, the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module will then... Move Fp to Fc+Fp, and move Fc+3Fp to Fc. 3Fp is radiated outward as a useful radio frequency component; Where Fc is the radio frequency carrier frequency, Fp is the incremental phase modulation frequency, and the carrier frequency generated by a single communication transceiver link is Fc. The two radio frequency signals, Fp and Fc+3Fp, each serve one communication user.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned integrated signal processing method of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, in step S2, the first digital processing module of the radar transceiver link modulates the carrier frequency of the radar detection signal from intermediate frequency FI to FI-Fp. After digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, the radio frequency Fc-Fp is obtained; After being evenly distributed to the branches corresponding to its N output terminals by the N-way power distribution network, the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module shifts Fc-Fp to Fc, which is then radiated outward as the useful radio frequency component for radar detection.

[0014] This application proposes an integrated sensing system based on incremental phase modulation and a reconfigurable power divider network. It utilizes a multi-user sensing fusion theoretical model of an incremental phase modulation array and achieves harmonic modulation by optimizing timing parameters, resulting in the desired communication and radar performance of the time-modulated array. Existing traditional multi-beam array architectures use conventional amplitude and phase control devices, which suffer from high hardware costs and complexity. This application effectively reduces the number of links required for multi-user communication, avoids the use of traditional amplitude and phase control devices, and significantly reduces system cost, power consumption, and hardware complexity.

[0015] In addition, this application establishes communication and radar performance indicators applicable to time-modulated arrays, as well as a method for optimizing the trade-off between sensing and communication performance. Existing methods for integrating sensing and communication in time-modulated arrays lack corresponding performance indicators, resulting in a performance imbalance. This application proposes performance indicators for a sensing system, and through timing optimization, redistributes redundant energy in the communication link, improving energy utilization and sensing performance, thus enabling broader application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the integrated sensing system structure of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network proposed in this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a radar transceiver link. Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a communication transceiver link. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the time-domain waveform of the incremental phase modulation timing proposed in this application; Figure 5 The flowchart below shows the optimization process of the multi-beam joint optimization method for the inductive integrated system proposed in this application. Figure 6 This is a modulation timing diagram of the radar link of the integrated sensing system in this application embodiment after optimization; Figure 7 This is the signal radiation pattern of the radar link +1st harmonic of the integrated sensing system in this embodiment of the application; Figure 8 This is the optimized normalized power pattern of the radar signal when the integrated sensing system in this application performs target detection and multi-user communication simultaneously; Figure 9 This is the optimized total radiated energy pattern when the integrated sensing system in this application performs target detection and multi-user communication simultaneously.

[0018] icon: 1. N-element antenna array; 2. Radar transceiver link; 3. Communication transceiver link; 4. Digital processing module; 5. Digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter; 6. Up / down conversion module; 7. Baseband adder; 8. N-channel power distribution network; 9. 2-bit incremental phase modulation module; 10. Field-programmable gate array; 11. Amplifier and filter assembly; 12. Circulator; 13. Reconfigurable power divider network. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This application provides an integrated communication and sensing system with incremental phase modulation and a reconfigurable power divider network. The reconfigurable power divider network enables flexible link selection and dynamic power allocation, which significantly reduces the hardware complexity, cost and power consumption of the system. At the same time, by generating two signals from a single link to serve two users, K / 2 links can serve K users, halving the number of RF links. This enables simultaneous multi-target detection and multi-user communication on the same hardware platform, with high spectrum utilization and energy efficiency.

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] like Figures 1-9As shown, this application proposes an integrated sensing system with incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network. The system includes an N-element antenna array, a radar transceiver link, K / 2 communication transceiver links, (K / 2+1) N-channel power distribution networks, (K / 2+1)N 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and a (K / 2+1)-channel reconfigurable power divider network, where N is a positive integer and K is an even number. Each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of a controlled switch and multiple delay lines with different phase shifts. The radar transceiver link is electrically connected to the input of the N-channel power distribution network, and the K / 2 communication transceiver links are electrically connected to the inputs of the K / 2 N-channel power distribution networks. The outputs of all N-channel power distribution networks are connected one-to-one. It should be connected to the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module; the field-programmable gate array is used to control the working state of all 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules. The field-programmable gate array outputs timing control signals to control the opening of the controlled switch and to select different delay lines, so that each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module outputs four phase states with equal duration and equal phase intervals in a time-division manner; the output signals of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module are summarized and connected to the input terminals of the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network respectively; the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network is used to individually conduct the radar transceiver link, individually conduct any one communication transceiver link, or simultaneously conduct the radar transceiver link and at least one communication transceiver link. The common output terminal of the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network is connected to the N-element antenna array.

[0022] The 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of a controlled switch (such as a single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole quad-throw switch, or a transistor switch array) and a delay line, replacing the amplitude and phase control devices (phase shifters, attenuators, etc.) required in traditional multi-beam arrays. This eliminates the need for complex amplitude and phase control devices like phase shifters, effectively reducing the system's hardware cost, power consumption, and complexity. Simultaneously, the K / 2 communication transceiver links, through the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module, enable each link to simultaneously generate two independent RF signals, serving two communication users respectively. K / 2 links can serve K users, halving the number of RF links and further reducing hardware scale and implementation cost. The field-programmable gate array controls each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module through output timing control signals. The control module outputs four incremental phase states in a time-division manner, enabling flexible control of multi-order harmonic components. It distributes radar and communication signals to different harmonic components in the frequency domain, achieving spectrum sharing between radar and communication signals on the same hardware platform. It supports simultaneous multi-user communication and radar detection without additional spectrum resources, resulting in high spectrum utilization efficiency. The (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network can independently conduct radar links, independently conduct any communication link, or simultaneously conduct radar links and at least one communication link as needed. Through dynamic adjustment of the number and combination of conducting links, it can flexibly allocate transmit power and spectrum resources to radar detection links and communication links while meeting the quality of service for communication users, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0023] The radar transceiver link consists of a first digital processing module, a first analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a first up / down conversion module cascaded sequentially along the transmission direction, and a first up / down conversion module, a first analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a first digital processing module cascaded sequentially along the reception direction. Each communication transceiver link consists of a digital processing module group, a baseband adder, a second analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a second up / down conversion module cascaded sequentially along the transmission direction, and a second up / down conversion module, a second analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a digital processing module group cascaded sequentially along the reception direction. The digital processing module group includes a second digital processing module and a third digital processing module. The output of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module is connected sequentially to an amplifier, a filter, and a circulator. The outputs of all circulators are combined and connected to the input of a (K / 2+1)-channel reconfigurable power divider network.

[0024] Specifically, it includes (K+1) digital processing modules, (K / 2+1) digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converters, (K / 2+1) up / down converter modules, K / 2 baseband adders, (K / 2+1)N amplifier and filter components, (K / 2+1)N circulators, and one (K / 2+1)-channel reconfigurable power divider network, where N TK is a positive integer and K is an even number. Each amplification filter component includes one amplifier and one filter. The amplifier is electrically connected to a 2-bit incremental phase modulation module, and the filter is electrically connected to a circulator.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the radar transceiver link consists of, from bottom to top, one digital processing module (referring to the first digital processing module), one digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter (referring to the first digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter), and one up / down conversion module (referring to the first up / down conversion module).

[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, each communication transceiver link consists of, from bottom to top, two digital processing modules (referring to the second and third digital processing modules), one baseband adder, one digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter (DAC), and one up / down conversion module (referring to the second up / down conversion module). The RF input signals of the radar transceiver link and the communication transceiver link enter an N-way power distribution network. The output of the N-way power distribution network consists of N 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules, whose operating states are dynamically controlled by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The output signals of the 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules of the radar transceiver link and the communication transceiver link sequentially enter N amplifiers, filters, and N circulators. The output signals of the circulators enter a (K / 2+1)-way reconfigurable power divider network. The output of the (K / 2+1)-way reconfigurable power divider network is connected to the N... T The unit antenna arrays are connected.

[0027] It should be noted that the first digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter and the second digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter are both digital-to-analog / digital-to-analog converters and are referred to by the same designation in the accompanying drawings; the first digital processing module, the second digital processing module, and the third digital processing module are all digital processing modules and are referred to by the same designation in the accompanying drawings; the first up / down frequency conversion module and the second up / down frequency conversion module are both up / down frequency conversion modules and are referred to by the same designation in the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In summary, by cascading the radar transceiver link and the communication transceiver link along the transmission and reception directions respectively, and by time-division multiplexing the same digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter and the same up / down conversion module for the transmission and reception channels, the transmission and reception paths are highly shared in hardware, which significantly reduces the number of radio frequency devices and lowers the system's hardware size, power consumption, and implementation cost.

[0029] Specifically, a single communication transceiver link uses a structure of two digital processing modules in conjunction with a baseband adder. The two communication signals generated by the two digital processing modules are combined by the baseband adder and share a single set of digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter and up / down conversion module, which can realize the independent output of the two RF signals without the need to configure an independent RF front-end for each signal, further reducing the link complexity and hardware overhead.

[0030] In addition, both the communication transceiver link and the radar transceiver link adopt the same N-way power distribution network, 2-bit incremental phase modulation module and amplification filter circulator structure. Each link shares (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power distribution network and the same N-element antenna array, forming a highly modular hardware architecture that facilitates system expansion and integration.

[0031] Furthermore, a single communication transceiver link can generate two independent radio frequency (RF) signals, and K / 2 communication transceiver links can simultaneously serve K communication users. Two baseband communication signals are generated by two digital processing modules within a single communication transceiver link, and after being combined by a baseband adder, they share a common set of digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converters, up-conversion modules, and power distribution networks. This allows a single link to serve two communication users simultaneously, and K / 2 communication transceiver links to collectively serve K communication users. Compared to traditional solutions where each link can only serve one user, this application halves the number of RF links, significantly reducing system hardware costs, power consumption, and size for the same user capacity.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of four absorptive single-pole double-throw switches, two 0° delay lines, one 90° delay line, and one 180° delay line. The four absorptive single-pole double-throw switches are connected in a two-level tree topology, with each group of switch states uniquely corresponding to one phase output. The two 0° delay lines are located in the first and second levels, respectively, facilitating symmetrical layout and ensuring consistent delay across branches. Only four control signals are needed to switch between the four phase states, resulting in simple control logic and a user-friendly interface with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0033] The 2-bit incremental phase modulation module outputs four phase states with equal duration and equal phase intervals in a time-division multiplexing manner. The phase states are 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, respectively, with each phase state increasing by π / 2 sequentially over time. By outputting four phase states with equal duration and equal phase intervals in a time-division multiplexing manner through the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module, continuous cyclic switching of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° is achieved in a single link. This shifts the input signal energy to the target harmonic frequency, ensuring that the communication signal and radar signal remain distinguishable in the frequency domain, achieving frequency separation without the need for additional filters.

[0034] Furthermore, this application proposes a signal processing method for integrated sensing and communication systems using incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider networks, applicable to the aforementioned integrated sensing and communication system, and includes the following steps: S1: The second and third digital processing modules of the communication transceiver link modulate the baseband communication signal to the target intermediate frequency, and then combine it through a baseband adder. The combined signal is then converted from digital to analog and up-converted, and then evenly distributed to the branches corresponding to its N output terminals by an N-way power distribution network. The signal in each branch is frequency-shifted by a 2-bit incremental phase modulation module and then radiated outward by an N-element antenna array; the branches of the N-way power distribution network evenly distributed to its N output terminals are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0035] S2: The digital processing module of the radar transceiver link modulates the radar detection signal onto the target intermediate frequency. After digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, the signal is evenly distributed to the corresponding branches of its N output terminals by an N-way power distribution network. The signal in each branch is frequency-shifted by a 2-bit incremental phase modulation module and then radiated outward by an N-element antenna array. The distribution of the N-way power distribution network to the corresponding branches of its N output terminals is referenced here. Figure 1 .

[0036] S3: The operating state of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module is controlled by the digital time modulation sequence output by the field programmable gate array to achieve frequency shifting; S4: The radar transceiver link and any one or more of the paths corresponding to the K / 2 communication transceiver links are simultaneously activated through the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network. In this system, a single communication transceiver link generates two independent radio frequency signals simultaneously, each serving a communication user.

[0037] By using a shared antenna array to radiate outwards through power distribution, 2-bit incremental phase modulation, and reconfigurable power divider selection for both communication and radar links, simultaneous multi-target detection and multi-user communication are achieved on the same hardware platform. A single communication link generates two independent radio frequency signals simultaneously, enabling K / 2 links to serve K users, halving the number of links and significantly reducing system hardware complexity and cost.

[0038] In step S3, the characterization parameters of the digital time modulation sequence are... and The optimal value can be obtained through the following steps: S31: Set the system's preset maximum allowable transmit power P max and the minimum data transmission rate threshold for each communication user; S32: The fitness function is a weighted sum of three metrics: the average signal-to-noise ratio of the radar received signal, the sum of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of all communication users, and the sum of the transmission rates of all communication users. In the formula, w1, w2, and w3 are weighting coefficients, forming a weighting coefficient matrix w = {w1, w2, w3}. This represents the average signal-to-noise ratio of the radar received signal. r represents the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the k-th communication user. k P represents the achievable data transmission rate for the k-th user. max P represents the system's preset maximum allowable transmission power. t This indicates the actual maximum radiated power; For the average signal-to-noise ratio of radar received signals have: ; in, Indicates the received beamforming vector. Indicates the transmitted beamforming vector: , These are the channel complex coefficients between the target and the radar. , and These are the transmit steering vector and the receive steering vector, respectively. For communication users, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio have: ; in, Let N0 be the channel between the integrated sensing system and the k-th communication user, and let N0 be the variance of the additive white Gaussian noise at the communication user. In the formula, j represents the imaginary unit, satisfying j 2 = -1;β=2π / λc free space wavenumber,λc is the operating wavelength corresponding to the free space center frequency Fc, andd represents the spacing between adjacent antenna elements.

[0039] S33: Input communication user direction θ k Radar target direction θ0, preset transmission rate r of each communication user k The system's maximum transmit power P max The weighted coefficient matrix is ​​then incorporated into the fitness function in S32, outputting the characterization parameters. and And convert them into optimization vectors respectively. , (i = 0, 1, …, K / 2): , Where i = 0 represents the radar transmission link, and i = 1, …, K / 2 represents the communication transceiver link; S34: Under the constraints set in step S31, with the optimization objective of maximizing the fitness function constructed in step S32, the differential evolution algorithm is invoked to optimize the vector. , The decision variables, together with the gating state vector s, are iteratively solved. The gating state vector s has a dimension of (K / 2+1), with the first s0 corresponding to the radar transceiver link, and each subsequent s... m (m=1,2,…,K / 2) corresponds to the nth communication transceiver link. The bits of the gating state vector s are binary state identifiers, with a value of 1 indicating that the corresponding link is on and a value of 0 indicating that the corresponding link is off. The radar receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of each communication user, and the transmission rate in the fitness function are all calculated based on the link conduction combination determined by s. The interference term in the SIR only accumulates the interference of the conduction links. The total system transmit power P t Only the power of the conducting link is accumulated, and the communication rate is constrained by r. k Verification is performed only on users whose links are active.

[0040] During the fitness evaluation process, the total system transmit power P t Only the power of the conducting link is accumulated, and the communication rate is constrained by r. k Verification is performed only on users corresponding to the conducting links; after iterative convergence, the optimal decision variable that maximizes the fitness function is output and converted into a digital time modulation sequence and a gating control signal for a reconfigurable power divider network that can be directly loaded and used by a field-programmable gate array.

[0041] Thus, by optimizing the start time and turn-on time of the digital time modulation sequence through differential evolution algorithm, and under the premise of satisfying the constraints of transmit power and communication rate, the weighted sum of radar signal-to-noise ratio and communication signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is used as the optimization target, achieving synergistic optimization of sensing performance, high energy utilization efficiency, and maximizing radar detection probability.

[0042] The mathematical expression for a digital time-modulated sequence is: ; ; In the formula, Let be the time modulation waveform function corresponding to the nth antenna element in the i-th link. It is a modulation sequence within a single period, where q is the period number and T is the period number. p For incremental phase modulation period, Let T be the start time of the "0°" state of the nth time modulation sequence in the i-th RF link, and -T p / 2 ≤ ≤ T p / 2, For this timing sequence, the modulation period T is... p Total conduction time within.

[0043] By using a piecewise function-based digital time modulation sequence, the start time and conduction duration of each branch in four phase states are precisely controlled, enabling signal energy to be shifted to the target harmonic frequency as needed, thus achieving flexible allocation of radar and communication signals in the frequency domain.

[0044] In step S1, the two digital processing modules located on the communication transceiver link modulate the baseband communication signal from the carrier frequency FI to FI-Fp and FI+3Fp respectively, and then combine them by the baseband adder. The baseband combined signal passes through a digital-to-analog converter and an up-conversion module, and is up-converted to Fc-Fp and Fc+3Fp. Then, the N-way power distribution network evenly distributes the signal to N branches. The Fc+Fp and Fc-3Fp frequency components generated by the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module are used as useful signal components. The Fc-Fp and Fc+3Fp frequency components before incremental phase modulation are shifted to the radio frequency Fc. The signal passes through a (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network and is finally radiated through an N-element antenna array. Each communication transceiver link can simultaneously generate two radio frequency signals with carrier frequencies of Fc-Fp and Fc+3Fp to serve two communication users. Here, FI represents the intermediate frequency carrier frequency, Fc represents the radio frequency carrier frequency, and Fp represents the incremental phase modulation frequency.

[0045] By modulating the two baseband signals onto FI Fp and FI+3Fp are then combined, sharing the upconverter and power divider links, and then shifted to Fc+Fp and Fc respectively via 2-bit incremental phase modulation. 3Fp enables a single link to generate two independent RF signals simultaneously, halving the number of RF links and significantly reducing hardware cost and power consumption.

[0046] In step 2, the digital processing module located in the radar transceiver link modulates the radar detection signal from intermediate frequency (IF) FI to FI-Fp. After passing through a digital-to-analog converter and an up-conversion module, it is modulated from IF to radio frequency (RF) Fc-Fp. Then, the signal is evenly distributed to N branches by an N-way power distribution network. A 2-bit incremental phase modulation module is used to shift the useful component of the signal modulation to the RF Fc. The signal passes through a (K / 2+1)-way reconfigurable power distribution network. The (K / 2+1)-way reconfigurable power distribution network can select any number of radar links and K / 2 communication links to be activated (the number of activated links is 1 to K / 2+1). Finally, the signal is radiated through an NT-element antenna array, which can realize functions such as sidelobe level suppression and beam scanning. It can scan and detect targets within a certain range, while reducing the interference of detection signals in non-target detection directions on communication signals. Thus, it can maximize detection performance while meeting communication performance constraints.

[0047] In one example, a 16-element uniform linear-time modulation array (N T = 16). The center frequency of the array antenna's radio frequency signal is 16 GHz (f c = 16 GHz). The element spacing of the 16-element uniform linear array antenna is 0.427λ. c , where λ c The center frequency f in free space c The corresponding operating wavelength.

[0048] Figure 4 for Figure 1 In this embodiment, the integrated sensing system realizes a time-domain waveform diagram of 2-bit incremental phase modulation. Each modulation cycle has four working states, and the duration of each working state is consistent. The four working states correspond to four phase states, which are 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° respectively. Figure 6 for Figure 1 The modulation timing diagram of the radar link after optimization in the integrated sensing system in the embodiment. Figure 7 for Figure 1 The embodiment shows the radiation pattern of the +1st harmonic radar signal after the radar link optimization of the integrated sensing system, where there are multiple detected targets located at 0°. Figure 8 for Figure 1 In this embodiment, the normalized power pattern of the optimized radar signal and all communication signals is shown when the integrated sensing system performs target detection and multi-user communication simultaneously. The four communication targets are located at 16°, -16°, -30°, and -60°, respectively, and the detection target is located at 0°. Figure 9 for Figure 1 In this embodiment, the optimized total radiation energy pattern of radar signals and all communication signals is shown when the integrated sensing system simultaneously performs target detection and multi-user communication. The four communication targets are located at 16°, -16°, -30°, and -60°, respectively, while the detection target is located at 0°. Figure 9 It exhibits strong radiation at both the radar target location and the locations of various communication users, demonstrating higher energy utilization efficiency compared to traditional time-modulated arrays, with the strongest radiation energy observed at the radar target location. Figures 7 to 9 The simulation results show that the sensor-integrated system based on incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network proposed in this application effectively reduces the system cost, power consumption and hardware complexity, improves energy utilization and sensing performance, and provides a feasible technical solution for future sensor-integrated research.

[0049] The basic principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in this application are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of this application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the application to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details for implementation.

[0050] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this application are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0051] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, equipment, and housing of this application, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or reassembled. These disassemblies and / or reassemblies should be considered as equivalent solutions of this application.

[0052] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0053] It should be understood that the qualifiers “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” “fifth,” and “sixth” used in the description of the embodiments of this application are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A sensing-integrated system combining incremental phase modulation and a reconfigurable power divider network, characterized in that, include: One N-element antenna array, one radar transceiver link, K / 2 communication transceiver links, (K / 2+1) N-way power distribution networks, (K / 2+1)N 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules, one field-programmable gate array, and one (K / 2+1)-way reconfigurable power distribution network, where N is a positive integer and K is an even number; Each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of a controlled switch and multiple delay lines with different phase shifts; One radar transceiver link is electrically connected to the input of one N-channel power distribution network, K / 2 communication transceiver links are electrically connected to the input of K / 2 N-channel power distribution networks, and the outputs of all N-channel power distribution networks are connected one-to-one to a 2-bit incremental phase modulation module. The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to control the working state of all 2-bit incremental phase modulation modules. The FPGA outputs timing control signals to control the opening of the controlled switches and to select different delay lines, so that each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module outputs four phase states with equal duration and equal phase intervals in a time-division manner. The field-programmable gate array is also connected to the control terminal of the (K / 2+1) channel reconfigurable power divider network to control the gating state of the reconfigurable power divider network; The output signals of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module are aggregated and connected to the input terminals of the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network. The (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network is used to individually connect the radar transceiver link, individually connect any one communication transceiver link, or simultaneously connect the radar transceiver link and at least one communication transceiver link. The common output terminal of the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network is connected to the N-element antenna array.

2. The inductive integrated system of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radar transceiver link consists of a first digital processing module, a first analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a first up / down conversion module cascaded sequentially along the transmission direction, and a first up / down conversion module, a first analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a first digital processing module cascaded sequentially along the reception direction. Each communication transceiver link consists of a digital processing module group, a baseband adder, a second analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a second up / down conversion module cascaded along the transmission direction. Along the receiving direction, a second up / down conversion module, a second analog-to-digital / digital-to-analog converter, and a digital processing module group are cascaded in sequence. The digital processing module group includes a second digital processing module and a third digital processing module. The output of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module is connected sequentially to an amplifier, a filter, and a circulator. The outputs of all circulators are then combined and connected to the input of a (K / 2+1)-channel reconfigurable power divider network.

3. The integrated sensing system with incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 2, characterized in that, A single communication transceiver link can generate two independent radio frequency signals, and K / 2 communication transceiver links can simultaneously serve K communication users.

4. The integrated sensing system with incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module consists of 4 absorptive single-pole double-throw switches, 2 0° delay lines, 1 90° delay line, and 1 180° delay line.

5. The inductive integrated system of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 4, characterized in that, The 2-bit incremental phase modulation module outputs four phase states with equal duration and equal phase intervals in a time-division multiplexing manner. The phase states are 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° respectively, and each phase state increases by π / 2 in time sequence.

6. A signal processing method integrating incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network, applied to the system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: S1: The second and third digital processing modules of the communication transceiver link modulate the baseband communication signal to the target intermediate frequency and then combine it through the baseband adder. The combined signal is then converted from digital to analog and up-converted, and then evenly distributed to the branches corresponding to its N output terminals by the N-way power distribution network. The signal in each branch is frequency shifted by the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module and then radiated outward by the N-element antenna array. S2: The digital processing module of the radar transceiver link modulates the radar detection signal to the target intermediate frequency. After digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, it is evenly distributed to the corresponding branches of its N output terminals by the N-way power distribution network. The signal in each branch is frequency shifted by the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module and then radiated outward by the N-element antenna array. S3: The operating state of each 2-bit incremental phase modulation module is controlled by the digital time modulation sequence output by the field programmable gate array to achieve frequency shifting; S4: The radar transceiver link and any one or more of the paths corresponding to the K / 2 communication transceiver links are simultaneously activated through the (K / 2+1) reconfigurable power divider network. In this system, a single communication transceiver link generates two independent radio frequency signals simultaneously, each serving a communication user.

7. The integrated sensing signal processing method of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the characterization parameters of the digital time modulation sequence and The optimal value can be obtained through the following steps: S31: Set the system's maximum permissible transmit power P max and the minimum data transmission rate threshold for each communication user; S32: The fitness function is a weighted sum of three metrics: the average signal-to-noise ratio of the radar received signal, the sum of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios of all communication users, and the sum of the transmission rates of all communication users. In the formula, w1, w2, and w3 are weighting coefficients, forming a weighting coefficient matrix w = {w1, w2, w3}. This represents the average signal-to-noise ratio of the radar received signal. r represents the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of the Kth communication user. k P represents the achievable data transmission rate for the Kth user. max Pt represents the system's preset maximum allowable transmission power, and Pt represents the actual maximum radiated power. S33: Input the communication user direction, radar target direction, preset transmission rate of each communication user, system maximum transmit power, and weighting coefficient matrix into the fitness function in S32, and output the characterization parameters. and And convert them into optimization vectors respectively. , (i = 0, 1, …, K / 2): , Where i = 0 represents the radar transmission link, and i = 1, …, K / 2 represents the communication transceiver link; S34: Under the constraints set in step S31, with the optimization objective of maximizing the fitness function constructed in step S32, the differential evolution algorithm is invoked to optimize the vector. and The algorithm iteratively solves the problem, outputs the optimal vector that maximizes the fitness function, and converts it into a digital time-modulated sequence that can be directly loaded and used by a field-programmable gate array. S34: Under the constraints set in step S31, with the optimization objective of maximizing the fitness function constructed in step S32, the differential evolution algorithm is invoked to optimize the vector. , The decision variables, together with the gating state vector s, are iteratively solved. The dimension of the gating state vector s is (K / 2+1), where s0 corresponds to the radar transceiver link, and each subsequent s... m (m=1,2,…,K / 2) corresponds to the nth communication transceiver link. The bits of the gating state vector s are binary state identifiers, with a value of 1 indicating that the corresponding link is on and a value of 0 indicating that the corresponding link is off. The radar receiver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SIR) of each communication user, and the transmission rate in the fitness function are all calculated based on the link conduction combination determined by s. The interference term in the SIR only accumulates the interference of the conduction links. The total system transmit power P t Only the power of the conducting link is accumulated, and the communication rate is constrained by r. k Verification is performed only on users whose links are active.

8. The integrated sensing signal processing method of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mathematical expression for a digital time-modulated sequence is: ； ； In the formula, Let be the time modulation waveform function corresponding to the nth antenna element in the i-th link. This is a modulation sequence within a single period, where q is the period number and Tp is the incrementing phase modulation period. Let T be the start time of the "0°" state of the nth time modulation sequence in the i-th RF link, and -T p / 2 ≤ ti,ns ≤ T p / 2, For this timing sequence, the modulation period T is... p Total conduction time within.

9. The integrated sensing signal processing method of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the second and third digital processing modules of the communication transceiver link respectively modulate the carrier frequency of the baseband communication signal from the intermediate frequency carrier frequency FI to FI. Fp and FI+3Fp are combined by a baseband adder to form a combined signal; The carrier frequency of the combined signal is converted from digital to analog and then up-converted to obtain the radio frequency Fc. Fp and Fc+3Fp; After being evenly distributed to its N output branches by the N-way power distribution network, the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module will then... Move Fp to Fc+Fp, and move Fc+3Fp to Fc. 3Fp is radiated outward as a useful radio frequency component; Where Fc is the radio frequency carrier frequency, Fp is the incremental phase modulation frequency, and the carrier frequency generated by a single communication transceiver link is Fc. The two radio frequency signals, Fp and Fc+3Fp, each serve one communication user.

10. The integrated sensing signal processing method of incremental phase modulation and reconfigurable power divider network according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the first digital processing module of the radar transceiver link modulates the carrier frequency of the radar detection signal from intermediate frequency FI to FI-Fp; After digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, the radio frequency Fc-Fp is obtained; After being evenly distributed to the branches corresponding to its N output terminals by the N-way power distribution network, the 2-bit incremental phase modulation module shifts Fc-Fp to Fc, which is then radiated outward as the useful radio frequency component for radar detection.

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