A power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent energy transmission and a transmitting and receiving phase synchronization method

Abstract

The application discloses a power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent energy transmission and a transmitting and receiving phase synchronization method. The system covers a transmitting array system, a receiving terminal system, a laser communication network, a one-way phase broadcast link and a radio frequency communication link. Through the multiplexing laser communication network and the all-optical switching module between the transmitting arrays, low-latency multi-hop forwarding of the phase digital signal is realized; in consideration of simplifying the hardware structure, the one-way phase broadcast link is arranged to broadcast the quadrature synchronization signal, the receiving end only receives and extracts the phase difference in one direction, and then the radio frequency communication link is used for feedback. Thanks to the one-way transmission system, the complexity of building a link between nodes is eliminated, and the receiving end does not need to carry a synchronous transmitting module; when the synchronization waveform is orthogonal to the energy transmission carrier, the phase synchronization and the energy transmission are implemented in parallel, so that the system expansibility, the light weight level of the receiving end and the real-time synchronization efficiency in orbit are improved. In conclusion, the scheme effectively breaks through the phase coordination bottleneck of distributed energy transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to microwave wireless power transmission, and more particularly to a power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transmission and a method for transmitting and receiving phase synchronization. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid iteration and development of aerospace technology, the power consumption and energy demands of various on-orbit spacecraft and space operation payloads continue to rise. Traditional fixed power supply methods are no longer suitable for the high-power, multi-scenario, and flexible operational requirements of future space missions. Building a space power supply system based on wireless power transmission technology can provide a lightweight, highly adaptable, and cable-free new energy solution for on-orbit power supply of spacecraft, and is a key development direction in the current space power supply technology field. In microwave wireless power transmission systems, coherent synthesis of multiple transmitting antennas is the core technology for improving long-distance, high-power power transmission capabilities, while phase synchronization is the key link to ensure the effectiveness of multi-antenna coherent synthesis. Its synchronization accuracy directly determines the microwave beam pointing accuracy and overall energy transmission efficiency, playing a decisive role in the performance of the entire wireless power transmission system. Currently, most existing phase synchronization technologies in the industry focus on the radar detection field, mainly applied to the local oscillator phase synchronization scenario of distributed coherent radar. Phase synchronization schemes for radar applications generally require all participating nodes to have bidirectional signal transmission and reception capabilities. The synchronization link architecture typically employs point-to-point direct connections or a master-slave tree topology, making the technology highly adaptable to single-detection radar scenarios. However, directly migrating existing radar phase synchronization technology to distributed microwave wireless power transmission's many-to-many coherent power transfer scenarios exposes numerous adaptability flaws and engineering implementation challenges. Firstly, space wireless power transfer scenarios place extremely high demands on lightweight, miniaturized, and low-power receiver equipment. The power transfer receiver must simplify its hardware structure and reduce energy consumption as much as possible, making it impossible to equip complex signal transmission modules and undertake the function of actively transmitting synchronization signals—a contradiction to the core requirement of bidirectional transmission and reception in radar synchronization schemes. Secondly, when the number of distributed microwave transmission nodes is large, the existing bidirectional synchronization mode requires establishing bidirectional synchronization links between each node, resulting in an extremely complex system synchronization link topology, high hardware deployment difficulty, high system maintenance complexity, and extremely poor engineering feasibility. Therefore, the industry urgently needs to develop a transceiver phase synchronization solution that is suitable for multi-user power transmission scenarios of distributed transmitter arrays, simplifies receiver hardware design, and has a highly scalable synchronous link topology.

[0003] To further clarify the technical improvements of this application, a comparative analysis is conducted on the existing authorized patent technologies most similar to the technical solution of this application. Among them, the dual-satellite phase synchronization system disclosed in CN201911404560 "A Spaceborne Synchronous Transceiver Device and Signal Processing Method" uses a microwave link for bidirectional transmission of pulse signals to achieve inter-satellite phase synchronization. In contrast, this application uses a laser link to transmit digital signals carrying phase information to achieve phase synchronization. The core technical means of the two are substantially different. At the same time, this application can rely on a laser backbone network to achieve multi-node signal forwarding, and can complete phase synchronization between satellite nodes that do not directly establish links. In the case of a large number of distributed synchronization nodes, it can significantly simplify the synchronization link topology, and its topology scalability and multi-node adaptability are significantly better than the existing technology. The phase synchronization scheme disclosed in CN202410920261, "A Phase Synchronization Implementation Method and Device for a Distributed InSAR System," completes synchronization processing through bidirectional transmission of phase synchronization pulse signals. The demodulated phase synchronization pulse data needs to be transmitted to a ground terminal for subsequent computation. In contrast, this application uses a laser link for phase signal transmission, and all phase synchronization calculations and signal processing are completed in real-time on the satellite equipment, eliminating the need for ground-based data processing. The two differ fundamentally in their transmission links and signal processing architectures. CN202210349063, "A High-Precision Autonomous Phase Synchronization Method Between Distributed Motion Platforms," ​​proposes a multi-level, multi-node grouped distributed phase synchronization technology. This relies on the master node transmitting continuous wave carrier signals to each slave node. The slave nodes, combined with a highly stable reference source, complete initial synchronization, and then fine synchronization through a phase-locked loop, ultimately achieving multi-node phase synchronization. This application's phase synchronization mode involves multiple transmitters transmitting pulse synchronization signals to a single or multiple receivers, which is completely different from the continuous wave carrier synchronization method of the patent. Furthermore, the node synchronization topology and signal transmission mechanisms of the two are significantly different. The distributed microwave synchronization system disclosed in CN202410470943, "A Distributed Microwave Synchronization System and Method," is designed for transceiver nodes with wired fiber optic connections. Its core purpose is to eliminate Rayleigh scattering during fiber optic transmission and improve microwave synchronization accuracy. However, this application is designed for a special scenario where distributed nodes in space cannot deploy fiber optics or have wired connections. The application scenarios and technical adaptation environments of the two are completely different, and the existing technology cannot meet the phase synchronization requirements of wireless distributed power transmission in space.

[0004] Analysis of the existing technical solutions reveals significant technical shortcomings and engineering flaws in current microwave wireless power transmission phase synchronization technologies, making them unsuitable for multi-node distributed space wireless power transmission applications. On one hand, current mainstream bidirectional signal transmission phase synchronization technologies require the establishment of direct synchronization links between each distributed microwave transmitting node to achieve bidirectional phase synchronization. In scenarios with a large number of distributed microwave transmitting nodes requiring phase synchronization, this pairwise link establishment method results in extremely complex synchronization link topologies, significantly increasing the difficulty of system construction and maintenance, and making the overall engineering feasibility extremely low, thus failing to meet the application requirements of large-scale multi-node power transmission. On the other hand, existing symmetrical bidirectional transmission synchronization methods require all participating nodes to be equipped with complete signal transceiver hardware and software systems, which places high demands on the hardware configuration and power consumption of each node. However, in the space microwave wireless power transmission scenario, the power transmission receiver is mostly a user-borne payload, which has stringent requirements for lightweight, miniaturized, and low-power devices. The hardware structure needs to be simplified to the extreme, and it is impossible to equip a synchronization signal transmission module. The existing symmetrical synchronization architecture cannot meet the design requirements of lightweight and low-power receivers in the power transmission scenario, resulting in poor scenario adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of complex synchronization link topologies and difficulties in miniaturizing receivers in distributed many-to-many coherent power transmission scenarios, existing phase synchronization methods for power supply satellite systems and transmit-receive phase synchronization methods for many-to-many coherent power transmission are proposed. Digital signals containing phase information are transmitted between different transmitting elements via laser links, and all-optical switching multi-hop forwarding is utilized to enable phase synchronization even between transmitting elements that do not directly establish links, avoiding the topological complexity caused by pairwise link establishment. Between the transmitting elements and the receiver, a phase transmission system is adopted where the transmitter broadcasts and the receiver unidirectionally receives the synchronization signal. The receiver only needs to be configured with an RF communication module for information feedback, without needing to transmit the synchronization signal, which facilitates the miniaturization and low-power design of the receiver.

[0006] This invention provides a power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer, comprising: The transmitting array system includes a laser communication ranging module, an optical splitter and all-optical switching module, an radio frequency communication module, a phase synchronization antenna, a signal source and signal processing module, and a computing and control module; The receiving terminal system includes a radio frequency communication module, a synchronous receiving antenna, an oscillator and signal processing module, and a computing control module; The laser communication network connects the various transmitting array elements. It is constructed by physically coupling laser communication ranging modules, optical splitters, and all-optical switching modules to realize multi-hop forwarding of phase digital signals between transmitting array elements that do not establish direct links. A one-way phase broadcast link connects the phase synchronization antenna and the synchronization receiving antenna, and is used for the transmitter to broadcast phase synchronization signals and the receiver to receive them one-way. The radio frequency communication link connects the radio frequency communication module of the transmitting array system and the radio frequency communication module of the receiving terminal system, and is used for the return of phase difference information from the receiving end.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the signal source and signal processing module include: The orthogonal waveform generation unit is located within the signal source and signal processing module and is used to output phase synchronization signal waveforms that are generally orthogonal to each other.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation source and signal processing module include: Frequency domain pulse compression processor, used for low-pass filtering and peak point phase extraction of received signals; A Doppler frequency shift compensator is used to calculate and compensate for the frequency shift of a signal propagation path.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: The reference frequency configuration unit, located within the calculation and control module, is used to set the number of reference frequency digital signals to correspond to the number of many-to-many power transmission incoherent frequency channels. The demodulation information transmission unit is located in the radio frequency communication module of the transmission array system and is used to send the reference frequency and demodulation waveform parameters to the receiving terminal system. The phase difference feedback unit is located in the radio frequency communication module of the receiving terminal system and is used to transmit the extracted phase difference information uplink to the transmitting array element system. The all-optical switching routing unit is located within the optical splitter and all-optical switching module and is used to achieve multi-hop signal forwarding with picosecond-level delay symmetry.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: The local reference signal generator, located within the receiving terminal system, is used to provide a reference oscillation phase for calculation with the phase synchronization signal.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, it further includes: A wide-beam-angle radiation array, integrated into the front end of the phase-synchronous antenna, is used to extend the coverage area of ​​the phase-synchronous radio frequency signal.

[0012] This invention also provides a phase synchronization method for power supply satellite transmission and reception for many-to-many coherent power transfer, comprising: A laser communication network is established between each transmitter array satellite, and time delay symmetry is achieved through all-optical switching. Each transmitter satellite simultaneously broadcasts several reference frequency phase synchronization digital signals to other transmitter satellites via a laser communication network; All transmitting elements simultaneously broadcast phase-synchronized radio frequency signals to all receiving ends using phase-synchronized antennas. Each receiving end receives the phase synchronization radio frequency signal and calculates the phase difference between the transmitted phase and the local oscillation signal with the local reference signal. Each receiving end transmits the extracted phase difference information back to the corresponding transmitting array element via the radio frequency communication link; Each transmitting element shares the phase difference information transmitted back from the receiver via a laser communication network.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, each receiving end receives a phase synchronization radio frequency signal, and the operation of extracting the phase difference between the transmitted phase and the local oscillation signal by calculating with a local reference signal includes: The receiving end filters the received phase synchronization radio frequency signal; The filtered signal is down-converted to baseband and multiplied with a linear frequency modulation reference signal; The multiplication result is low-pass filtered and a fast Fourier transform is performed to extract the peak point phase. Calculate the free propagation path delay compensation value and the Doppler frequency shift compensation value to obtain the final phase difference.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, establishing a laser communication network between each transmitting array element star and achieving time delay symmetry through all-optical switching includes: The transmitting array element star activates the laser communication ranging module for initial alignment; Configure optical splitters and all-optical switching modules to forward routing paths; Establish a multi-hop laser communication topology covering all transmitter array elements.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: during the execution of the radio frequency broadcasting step, the transmitting array element sends a reference frequency, demodulated waveform and Doppler frequency shift compensation parameters to the corresponding receiving end through a radio frequency communication link.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The phase synchronization method between transmitting array elements proposed in this invention converts the local phase measurement value into a digital signal for transmission, and reuses the laser communication link for transmission synchronization between transmitting array elements, eliminating the need for an additional transmission synchronization link and realizing the integrated integration of communication, ranging, and synchronization. In addition, the use of all-optical switching to achieve low-latency asymmetric multi-hop forwarding simplifies the transmission synchronization network topology and eliminates the need for link establishment between each pair of transmitting array elements.

[0017] (2) The proposed method adopts a one-way phase transmission system between the transmitter and receiver. The receiver only needs to be configured with a data transmission communication system and does not need to transmit a synchronization signal, which makes it easy to achieve the miniaturization of the receiver.

[0018] (3) The proposed method supports real-time phase synchronization without interrupting energy transfer. Phase transfer is performed using orthogonal pulse waveforms that do not interfere with the energy transfer signal, so that phase synchronization and energy transfer can be performed simultaneously, meeting the timeliness requirements of on-orbit real-time feedback control for phase information. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A block diagram of a power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A flowchart of a phase synchronization method for power supply satellite transmission and reception for many-to-many coherent power transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the following description, the invention is described with reference to various embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments may be practiced without one or more specific details or with other alternatives and / or additional methods, materials, or components. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail so as not to obscure the inventive points of the invention. Similarly, for illustrative purposes, specific quantities, materials, and configurations are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the invention. However, the invention is not limited to these specific details.

[0021] In this invention, the various embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the solutions of the invention and should not be construed as limiting.

[0022] In this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment in all instances.

[0023] Furthermore, the numbering of the steps in the methods of the present invention does not limit the execution order of the method steps. Unless otherwise specified, the method steps may be executed in different orders.

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Combination Figure 1The system composition and information flow diagram shown in this invention, for a multi-to-multi coherent power transmission satellite system, encompasses a transmitting array system 10, a receiving terminal system 20, a laser communication network 30, a unidirectional phase broadcast link 40, and a radio frequency communication link 50. The transmitting array system 10, as the core node for energy transmission and synchronization control, integrates a laser communication ranging module 11, an optical splitter and all-optical switching module 12, a radio frequency communication module 13, a phase synchronization antenna 14, a signal source and signal processing module 15, and a computing control module 16. The receiving terminal system 20, as the terminal for energy reception and phase feedback, is configured with a radio frequency communication module 21, a synchronization receiving antenna 22, an oscillator and signal processing module 23, and a computing control module 24. The transmitting array systems 10 are physically coupled through the laser communication ranging module 11 and the optical splitter and all-optical switching module 12 to construct the laser communication network 30. This network 30 undertakes the multi-hop forwarding task of phase digital signals between nodes that do not directly establish links. A one-way phase broadcast link 40 is established between the phase synchronization antenna 14 and the synchronization receiving antenna 22, dedicated to broadcasting phase synchronization signals at the transmitting end and receiving them unidirectionally at the receiving end. An radio frequency communication link 50 is established between the radio frequency communication module 13 of the transmitting array system 10 and the radio frequency communication module 21 of the receiving terminal system 20 for transmitting phase difference information back from the receiving end. Each functional unit is cascaded sequentially on the satellite platform and ground terminal according to the signal flow direction, forming a closed-loop synchronization control circuit. Thanks to this topology, the system can maintain link simplicity even as the number of transmitting nodes increases exponentially. All interface electrical connections undergo impedance matching and filtering isolation design to ensure that the phase digital signal and the radio frequency carrier signal do not interfere with each other during transmission, meeting the engineering deployment requirements of distributed many-to-many power transmission scenarios.

[0026] Given that existing distributed microwave synchronization technologies struggle to balance the lightweight requirements of receivers with the scalability of multi-node topologies, this invention proposes a phase synchronization method for power supply satellite transmission and reception in a multi-to-multi coherent power transfer scenario. First, a laser communication network 30 is established between each transmitter element, achieving time delay symmetry through all-optical switching. Once the network topology is complete, each transmitter element simultaneously broadcasts several reference frequency phase synchronization digital signals to other transmitter elements via the laser communication network 30. After inter-satellite phase locking is achieved, all transmitter elements simultaneously broadcast phase synchronization radio frequency signals to all receivers using phase synchronization antennas 14. Each receiver receives the phase synchronization radio frequency signals and calculates the phase difference between the transmitted phase and the local oscillation signal using a local reference signal. Subsequently, each receiver transmits the extracted phase difference information back to the corresponding transmitter element via a radio frequency communication link 50. Finally, each transmitter element shares the phase difference information returned by the receivers through the laser communication network 30, thereby completing global phase correction. Through the above steps, the system avoids the topological redundancy of the traditional bidirectional transmission architecture and achieves a simplified configuration of the receiver hardware, enabling the efficient execution of many-to-many coherent power transmission tasks.

[0027] To further improve synchronization accuracy and signal anti-interference capability, optionally, an orthogonal waveform generation unit is added inside the signal source and signal processing module 15 to output mutually generalized orthogonal phase synchronization signal waveforms. In addition, the oscillation source and signal processing module 23 integrates a frequency domain pulse compression processor and a Doppler frequency shift compensator. The frequency domain pulse compression processor is responsible for low-pass filtering and peak point phase extraction of the received signal; the Doppler frequency shift compensator is used to calculate and compensate for the frequency shift of the signal propagation path. To improve link forwarding efficiency, an all-optical switching routing unit is configured inside the optical splitter and all-optical switching module 12 to achieve picosecond-level delay symmetry in multi-hop signal forwarding. The receiving terminal system 20 also integrates a local reference signal generator to provide the reference oscillation phase for calculation with the phase synchronization signal. The phase synchronization antenna 14 integrates a wide beam angle radiation array at its front end to expand the coverage area of ​​the phase synchronization radio frequency signal. During the specific execution of the phase difference extraction step, the receiving end filters the received phase synchronization radio frequency signal, down-converts the filtered signal to baseband, and multiplies it with the linear frequency modulated reference signal. After low-pass filtering the multiplication result and performing a fast Fourier transform to extract the peak point phase, the free propagation path delay compensation value and the Doppler frequency shift compensation value are calculated to obtain the final phase difference. During network initialization, the transmitting array element star activates the laser communication ranging module 11 for initial alignment, and the optical splitter and all-optical switching module 12 configure forwarding routing paths to establish a multi-hop laser communication topology covering all transmitting array elements. If the relative motion velocity of the nodes changes, the Doppler frequency shift compensator dynamically updates the compensation coefficients to maintain the continuity of phase tracking.

[0028] Alternatively, to adapt to the dynamic configuration requirements of many-to-many power transmission incoherent frequency channels, a reference frequency configuration unit is set within the calculation and control module 16 to set the number of reference frequency digital signals to correspond to the number of many-to-many power transmission incoherent frequency channels. If the power transmission task involves multiple independent frequency channels, the reference frequency configuration unit automatically adjusts the broadcast signal frequency band to ensure that each channel is phase-synchronized and does not interfere with each other. During the execution of the RF broadcast step, the transmitting element sends the reference frequency, demodulated waveform, and Doppler frequency shift compensation parameters to the corresponding receiving end through the RF communication link 50. The RF communication module 13 of the transmitting element system 10 integrates a demodulation information transmission unit to send the reference frequency and demodulated waveform parameters to the receiving terminal system 20; the RF communication module 21 of the receiving terminal system 20 integrates a phase difference return unit to transmit the extracted phase difference information uplink to the transmitting element system 10. In summary, this invention, through the collaborative mechanism of inter-satellite all-optical multi-hop forwarding and satellite-to-ground unidirectional RF broadcast, completely solves the link bottleneck problem when the scale of distributed nodes expands, and has both engineering feasibility and low power consumption characteristics.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment describes the phase synchronization involving three wireless power transmission transmitters and two receivers. A synchronization reference frequency is set to one, and the local oscillator on each satellite oscillates around this reference frequency. Phase synchronization is achieved between transmitters via laser links, transmitting digital signals containing phase information. Specifically, laser links are established between transmitter satellites 1 and 2, and between 1 and 3. However, transmitter satellites 2 and 3 do not directly establish links; instead, a virtual transmission link is established through transparent forwarding by transmitter satellite 1. First, each transmitter satellite simultaneously triggers I / Q measurements of its local oscillator phase according to its onboard clock. Then, it immediately transmits its phase measurement results to other transmitter satellites via laser links. For example, transmitter satellite 2 transmits its phase information via the laser link with transmitter satellite 1. After the optical signal reaches transmitter satellite 1, it passes through an optical splitter. Part of the signal is received by the laser communication module 1 on the transmitter satellite, and the remainder is transmitted to transmitter satellite 3 via optical circuit switching (OCS) and the laser link between transmitter satellite 1 and transmitter satellite 3. After receiving phase information from other transmitting elements, each transmitting element immediately triggers I / Q measurement of the local oscillator phase, processes the data to obtain the difference between the local phase and the received phase. For example, after transmitting element 3 receives an optical signal containing phase information from transmitting element 1, it triggers local phase measurement and calculates the phase difference. Immediately after receiving the optical signal containing phase information of transmitting element 2, which was relayed by transmitting element 1, local phase measurement was triggered again, and the phase difference was calculated. Subsequently, each transmitter satellite shares the obtained phase difference with other transmitter satellites via a laser communication link, and calculates... The phase difference between the local oscillators on the i and j emission array elements at the same moment is obtained. For example, transmitting element 3 receives the phase difference transmitted by transmitting element star 2. ,calculate This allows us to obtain the phase difference between our own local oscillator and the local oscillator on satellite 2 at the same moment. Each satellite establishes a real-time phase synchronization relationship by repeating the above process at regular intervals.

[0030] The transmitting array elements and the receiving end achieve phase synchronization of power transmission through unidirectional transmission and reception of phase synchronization radio frequency signals and radio frequency communication links. Specifically, in this embodiment, receiving end A establishes an radio frequency communication link with transmitting array element 1, and receiving end B establishes an radio frequency communication link with transmitting array element 2. First, all transmitting array elements simultaneously broadcast phase synchronization signals to all receiving ends using (wide beam angle) phase synchronization antennas. The phase synchronization signal waveforms of each transmitting array element are mutually (generally) orthogonal. At the same time, transmitting array elements 1 and 2 send demodulation information such as reference frequency, demodulated waveform, and Doppler frequency shift compensation to receiving ends A and B through the radio frequency communication links. After receiving the phase synchronization signal from the transmitting array element, the receiving end calculates the phase difference between the phase transmitted by the transmitting array element and the local oscillation signal by comparing it with the local reference signal. For example, after receiving the phase synchronization signal emitted by transmitting array element 1 at time 0, receiving end A extracts the phase difference after filtering, frequency domain pulse compression, and compensation. Upon receiving the transmission array element 2 at 0+ After the phase synchronization signal is emitted at a certain time, it is extracted through filtering, frequency domain pulse compression, and compensation. Similarly, extract ,here The free propagation path delay is given by the phase synchronization antenna (wide beam angle) of transmitting element i to the phase center of receiver A. Subsequently, each receiver will extract all phase difference information, for example, for receiver A, including... , , The phase difference information is transmitted back to the corresponding transmitting element through the radio frequency communication link. The transmitting element then shares the phase difference information back through the laser communication link, thus completing a phase synchronization between the transmitting element satellite and the receiving end.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the transmit / receive phase synchronization method for many-to-many coherent power transfer proposed in this invention includes the following steps: S1. Network Establishment Steps. A laser communication network is established between the transmitting array elements. Picosecond-level time delay symmetry is achieved through all-optical switching, such as optical circuit switching. Each transmitting array element broadcasts several phase synchronization digital signals at a reference frequency to other transmitting array elements simultaneously via a laser link at a certain frequency. The number of reference frequencies corresponds to the number of many-to-many incoherent frequency channels for transmission.

[0032] S2. Element Broadcasting Steps. After simultaneously broadcasting the phase synchronization digital signal, transmitting element 1 receives the phase synchronization digital signal corresponding to a certain reference frequency from transmitting element 2. It then immediately measures the phase of the corresponding local oscillator source of transmitting element 1 and demodulates the received phase synchronization digital signal to obtain the phase difference with the local oscillator source. Similarly, transmitter element 2 receives the phase synchronization digital signal corresponding to the same reference frequency from transmitter element 1, and processes it to obtain the phase difference. The two satellites share the aforementioned phase difference via a laser communication link, and this is calculated... The phase difference between the two stars at the same moment is obtained. .

[0033] S3. Radio Frequency Broadcasting Step. All transmitting elements simultaneously broadcast phase synchronization radio frequency signals to all receiving ends using phase synchronization antennas, obtaining the phase differences between each pair of transmitting element satellites at all reference frequencies and multiple times, thereby establishing phase synchronization between transmitting element satellites.

[0034] S4. Phase Extraction Step. After phase synchronization is established between the transmitting satellite elements, each transmitting satellite element simultaneously transmits a phase transfer signal with a reference frequency as the carrier frequency to all receivers using a (wide beam angle) phase synchronization antenna. Different transmitting satellite elements use mutually incoherent orthogonal waveforms. Preferably, instead of transmitting all reference frequency signals used in actual power transfer, a smaller number of phase transfer frequencies are selected, so that the power transfer reference frequency can be generated by multiplying, dividing, and mixing these phase transfer frequencies. Simultaneously, the transmitting satellite elements transmit demodulated waveforms, Doppler compensation, and other information to each receiver using the radio frequency communication link.

[0035] S5. Information feedback step. The receiving end receives the orthogonal phase transmission signal and data transmission signal from each transmitting element, filters and demodulates it to obtain the phase difference when each transmitting element arrives at the receiving end, and transmits the phase difference information back to the transmitting array through the microwave communication link. At the same time, it transmits its own GNSS ephemeris and other information to the transmitting array.

[0036] S6. Data Sharing Steps. The transmitting element satellite acquires carrier phase difference information and GNSS ephemeris information of each transmitting element satellite arriving at each receiving end at multiple times, thereby establishing phase synchronization between the transmitting element satellite and the receiving end.

[0037] Furthermore, steps S1 to S2 are described in detail, using a reference frequency. Taking phase synchronization between two launch array element satellites as an example: the oscillator phases of the two launch array element satellites are as follows: , Let the time delay between the two satellites (including communication delay and signal-triggered phase measurement delay) be... The time synchronization error is .exist The time-array satellite 1 measures the phase of local oscillator 1 using I / Q measurements and transmits a phase synchronization digital signal containing its own phase information at the current moment via a laser link. At any given time, satellite element 2 measures the phase of local oscillator 2 and transmits a phase synchronization digital signal, which is received by the other party after a time delay. Satellite element 1... The phase synchronization digital signal is constantly received from satellite element 2, and the phase is decoded. At this time, the phase of the local oscillation source of array element satellite 1 is: ; For the frequency shift of oscillation source 1, Zero-mean phase noise, To remove zero-mean phase noise, the phase at time 0 needs to be transmitted. Element satellite 1 measures the phase of the local oscillation source and obtains the phase difference: ; Similarly, Array Satellite 2 in The phase difference is obtained by receiving, demodulating, and measuring the phase at any time. ; Subsequently, the two satellites shared their respective phase differences with each other via a laser communication link and calculated... get: ; The last two terms represent the phase difference required for accurate synchronization, and the phase synchronization error.

[0038] Among them, the synchronization deviation is: Synchronous zero-mean phase noise .

[0039] Furthermore, steps S4 to S5 are described in detail, using a reference frequency. Taking receiver A as an example: phase synchronization has been established between the transmitter array elements, that is... The transmitting satellites n and m are known. Steps 4-5 aim to establish phase synchronization between the transmitting satellites and the receiver, i.e., to obtain the phase difference from the receiver. And transmit back the satellite array element, Let be the distance from the phase synchronization antenna of transmitting element satellite m to the phase center of receiver A. The signal transmitted by transmitting element satellite n through the wide-beam angle phase synchronization antenna is: ; This is the baseband signal waveform. Let n be the phase of the oscillation source n at time 0. For different emission array elements... Baseband waveform , In a generalized orthogonal sense, specifically, we can take: ; N is the total number of transmitter array elements, T is the signal pulse width, k is the linear frequency modulation slope, and when n=N, it can be taken as: ; At receiver A, the phase of the local oscillator is denoted as... .set up The delay to reach receiver A is (Since only receiver A is considered, here) (And omitting the superscript / subscript A), then the signal received at receiver A is: ; For each n, the reference signal for solving the linear frequency modulation is: ,Will Down-convert to baseband and multiply by the nth reference signal: ; The frequency of the low-frequency component is obtained as follows Phase is Therefore, the phase of the FFT peak point is obtained after low-pass filtering, and the compensation is calculated. It can extract .

[0040] Similarly, by performing similar processing on the phase transfer signal from the transmitting array element m, it is possible to extract... Difference Phase difference with synchronization target If the phase difference is consistent, receiver A will transmit this phase difference to the transmitter array element via the radio frequency communication link, which can be used for subsequent mission planning and feedback control.

[0041] Although various embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that they are presented by way of example only and not as limitations. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the breadth and scope of the invention disclosed herein should not be limited by the exemplary embodiments disclosed above, but should be defined solely by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer, characterized in that, include: The transmitting array system includes a laser communication ranging module, an optical splitter and all-optical switching module, an radio frequency communication module, a phase synchronization antenna, a signal source and signal processing module, and a computing and control module; The receiving terminal system includes a radio frequency communication module, a synchronous receiving antenna, an oscillator and signal processing module, and a computing control module; The laser communication network connects the various transmitting array elements. It is constructed by physically coupling laser communication ranging modules, optical splitters, and all-optical switching modules to realize multi-hop forwarding of phase digital signals between transmitting array elements that do not establish direct links. A one-way phase broadcast link connects the phase synchronization antenna and the synchronization receiving antenna, and is used for the transmitter to broadcast phase synchronization signals and the receiver to receive them one-way. The radio frequency communication link connects the radio frequency communication module of the transmitting array system and the radio frequency communication module of the receiving terminal system, and is used for the return of phase difference information from the receiving end.

2. The power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal source and signal processing module include: The orthogonal waveform generation unit is located within the signal source and signal processing module and is used to output phase synchronization signal waveforms that are generally orthogonal to each other.

3. The power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oscillation source and signal processing module include: Frequency domain pulse compression processor, used for low-pass filtering and peak point phase extraction of received signals; A Doppler frequency shift compensator is used to calculate and compensate for the frequency shift of a signal propagation path.

4. The power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The reference frequency configuration unit, located within the calculation and control module, is used to set the number of reference frequency digital signals to correspond to the number of many-to-many power transmission incoherent frequency channels. The demodulation information transmission unit is located in the radio frequency communication module of the transmission array system and is used to send the reference frequency and demodulation waveform parameters to the receiving terminal system. The phase difference feedback unit is located in the radio frequency communication module of the receiving terminal system and is used to transmit the extracted phase difference information uplink to the transmitting array element system. The all-optical switching routing unit is located within the optical splitter and all-optical switching module and is used to achieve multi-hop signal forwarding with picosecond-level delay symmetry.

5. The power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The local reference signal generator, located within the receiving terminal system, is used to provide a reference oscillation phase for calculation with the phase synchronization signal.

6. The power supply satellite system for many-to-many coherent power transfer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A wide-beam-angle radiation array, integrated into the front end of the phase-synchronous antenna, is used to extend the coverage area of ​​the phase-synchronous radio frequency signal.

7. A phase synchronization method for power supply satellite transmission and reception for many-to-many coherent power transfer, characterized in that, include: A laser communication network is established between each transmitter array satellite, and time delay symmetry is achieved through all-optical switching. Each transmitter satellite simultaneously broadcasts several reference frequency phase synchronization digital signals to other transmitter satellites via a laser communication network; All transmitting elements simultaneously broadcast phase-synchronized radio frequency signals to all receiving ends using phase-synchronized antennas. Each receiving end receives the phase synchronization radio frequency signal and calculates the phase difference between the transmitted phase and the local oscillation signal with the local reference signal. Each receiving end transmits the extracted phase difference information back to the corresponding transmitting array element via the radio frequency communication link; Each transmitting element shares the phase difference information transmitted back from the receiver via a laser communication network.

8. The phase synchronization method for power supply satellite transmission and reception for multi-to-multi coherent power transfer according to claim 7, characterized in that, Each receiving end receives a phase synchronization radio frequency signal, and calculates the phase difference between the transmitted phase and the local oscillation signal by comparing it with a local reference signal, including: The receiving end filters the received phase synchronization radio frequency signal; The filtered signal is down-converted to baseband and multiplied with a linear frequency modulation reference signal; The multiplication result is low-pass filtered and a fast Fourier transform is performed to extract the peak point phase. Calculate the free propagation path delay compensation value and the Doppler frequency shift compensation value to obtain the final phase difference.

9. The phase synchronization method for power supply satellite transmission and reception for multi-to-multi coherent power transfer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The establishment of a laser communication network between each transmitter array element satellite, and the achievement of time delay symmetry through all-optical switching, includes: The transmitting array element star activates the laser communication ranging module for initial alignment; Configure optical splitters and all-optical switching modules to forward routing paths; Establish a multi-hop laser communication topology covering all transmitter array elements.

10. The phase synchronization method for power supply satellite transmission and reception for multi-to-multi coherent power transfer according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: During the radio frequency broadcasting step, the transmitting array element sends the reference frequency, demodulated waveform, and Doppler frequency shift compensation parameters to the corresponding receiving end through the radio frequency communication link.

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