Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environment

Abstract

The application provides an Airy beam transmission method in a complex near-field environment, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a user position, an obstacle edge position and a beam gap parameter; constructing a trajectory constraint equation according to the parabolic propagation trajectory characteristics of the Airy beam, in combination with the user position, the obstacle edge position and the beam gap parameter; solving the trajectory constraint equation to obtain a first spatial scale parameter and a first initial emission angle required for constructing a target Airy beam at a center frequency; and determining the wave front electric field distribution of the electromagnetic wave at the frequency of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna according to the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial emission angle, so that the transmitting antenna radiates to form a target Airy beam that bypasses the obstacle position and reaches the user position. The embodiment of the application can realize efficient wideband beam forming and data transmission in a complex blocked environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to an Airy beam transmission method in a complex near-field environment. Background Technology

[0002] 6G's expansion into millimeter-wave and terahertz bands and the adoption of massive MIMO antenna arrays shifts the communication environment towards the near field, exacerbating beam splitting effects. Near-field focused beams are sensitive to obstacles, easily leading to communication interruptions due to obstruction. Existing curved beam and Airy beam solutions can achieve obstacle-around propagation, but they suffer from uneven trajectory energy, difficulties in analytical design, reliance on complex optimization algorithms, and are mostly designed for narrowband scenarios, failing to effectively suppress broadband beam splitting and thus failing to meet the reliable communication requirements in near-field obstructed environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, this application proposes an Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments to solve the problem that existing obstacle-avoidance beam schemes cannot suppress beam splitting and are difficult to meet the reliable communication requirements in near-field obstructed environments.

[0004] The first aspect of this application proposes an Airy beam transmission method in a complex near-field environment. It employs a uniform linear array arranged along the x-axis with its center located at the origin as the transmitting antenna, and the transmitted beam propagates along the z-axis. The Airy beam transmission method includes the following steps: The user's location, the obstacle's edge location, and the beam gap parameter are obtained; the beam gap parameter is determined based on the x-axis coordinate value of the obstacle's edge location, and the beam gap parameter is greater than the main lobe width of the Airy beam; Based on the parabolic propagation trajectory characteristics of the Airy beam, a trajectory constraint equation is constructed by combining the user position, the obstacle edge position, and the beam gap parameter. The trajectory constraint equation satisfies the following constraint condition: the Airy beam trajectory passes through the target position and reaches the user position; the target position is calculated based on the obstacle edge position and the beam gap parameter. Solving the trajectory constraint equation yields the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency; the first spatial scale parameter is used to control the curvature of the target Airy beam, and the first initial emission angle is used to control the initial propagation direction of the target Airy beam; The wavefront electric field distribution of electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna is determined based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, so that the transmitting antenna radiates to form a target Airy beam that bypasses the obstacle and reaches the user's location.

[0005] In this embodiment of the application, solving the trajectory constraint equation to obtain the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency includes:

[0006] in, Indicates the first spatial scale parameter. The x-axis coordinates representing the user's location. The z-axis coordinate value representing the user's location. Indicates user, The x-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position. Indicates the edge of an obstacle. Indicates the beam gap parameter. Indicates the center frequency. express and The ratio, The z-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position.

[0007] In this embodiment of the application, solving the trajectory constraint equation to obtain the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency includes:

[0008] in, Indicates the first initial launch angle. The x-axis coordinates representing the user's location. Indicates user, The x-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position. Indicates the edge of an obstacle. Indicates the beam gap parameter. express and The ratio, The z-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position.

[0009] In this embodiment, the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments is applied to a broadband communication system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. It determines the wavefront electric field distribution of the electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, including: For any subcarrier, calculate the ratio of the subcarrier's frequency to the center frequency. Based on the ratio and the first spatial scale parameter, calculate the second spatial scale parameter corresponding to the subcarrier. Set the second initial transmission angle corresponding to the subcarrier as the first initial transmission angle. The amplitude and phase distribution of the subcarrier on the transmitting antenna are determined based on the second spatial scale parameter, the second initial transmission angle, and the wave number of the subcarrier. The wavefront electric field distribution of the subcarriers on the transmitting antenna is constructed based on the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution, so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmitting antenna propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency.

[0010] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides a broadband Airy beamforming method, implemented based on the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments described in the first aspect. The broadband Airy beamforming method is applied to a broadband communication system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where data transmission is performed using multiple subcarriers of different frequencies, and the transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array containing multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Obtain the amplitude and phase distribution of the subcarriers on the transmit antenna as determined in the embodiment of the first aspect; The amplitude distribution and phase distribution are sampled according to the position coordinates of the multiple antenna elements to obtain the first amplitude value and the first phase value of each antenna element on each subcarrier; For any antenna element and any subcarrier, the transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the first amplitude value, the first phase value, and the normalization factor of the antenna element on the subcarrier; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power and the original total power of the subcarrier. The transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier. The transmit antenna is then adjusted according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency.

[0011] An embodiment of the third aspect of this application provides a broadband Airy beamforming method with limited amplitude modulation, implemented based on the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments described in the first aspect. Its characteristic is that it is applicable to broadband communication systems where the phase at the transmitting end is independently modulated at the subcarrier level and the amplitude is uniformly configured across all subcarriers. The transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array containing multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Obtain the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency, as solved in the embodiment of the first aspect; For any subcarrier, the third initial transmission angle of the subcarrier is calculated based on the first spatial scale parameter, the user location, and the wave number of the subcarrier. For any antenna element, a second phase value of the antenna element on the subcarrier is generated based on the third initial transmission angle, the wavenumber, and the position coordinates of the antenna element. The second amplitude value of the antenna element on each subcarrier is calculated based on the first spatial scale parameter and the position coordinates of the antenna element; wherein, the second amplitude value of all subcarriers on the same antenna element is the same; The transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the second phase value, the second amplitude value, and the normalization factor; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power of the subcarrier and the original total power. The transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier. The transmit antenna is then adjusted according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

[0012] An embodiment of the fourth aspect of this application provides a broadband Airy beamforming method with limited phase modulation, implemented based on the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments described in the first aspect. The method is characterized by its applicability to broadband communication systems where the amplitude at the transmitting end is independently modulated at the subcarrier level and the phase is uniformly configured across all subcarriers. The transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array comprising multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Obtain the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency, as solved in the embodiment of the first aspect; For any subcarrier, a third spatial scale parameter of the subcarrier is calculated based on the first initial transmission angle, the wave number of the subcarrier, the user location, and the frequency ratio; the frequency ratio refers to the ratio of the frequency of the subcarrier to the center frequency. For any antenna element, the third amplitude value of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the third spatial scale parameter and the position coordinates of the antenna element; Based on the first initial transmission angle, the position coordinates of the antenna element, and the wavenumber of the subcarrier at the center frequency, the third phase value of each subcarrier on the antenna element is calculated; wherein, all subcarriers have the same third phase value on the same antenna element. The transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the third phase value, the third amplitude value, and the normalization factor; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power of the subcarrier and the original total power. The transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier. The transmit antenna is then adjusted according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

[0013] An embodiment of the fifth aspect of this application provides an Airy beam transmission device for complex near-field environments, employing a uniform linear array arranged along the x-axis and centered at the origin as the transmitting antenna, with the transmitting beam propagating along the z-axis. The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the user's position, the obstacle's edge position, and the beam gap parameter; the beam gap parameter is determined based on the x-axis coordinate value of the obstacle's edge position, and the beam gap parameter is greater than the main lobe width of the Airy beam; The trajectory constraint equation construction module is used to construct trajectory constraint equations based on the parabolic propagation trajectory characteristics of the Airy beam, combined with the user position, the obstacle edge position, and the beam gap parameter. The trajectory constraint equations satisfy the following constraint conditions: the Airy beam trajectory passes through the target position and reaches the user position; the target position is calculated based on the obstacle edge position and the beam gap parameter. The parameter calculation module is used to solve the trajectory constraint equation to obtain the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency; the first spatial scale parameter is used to control the curvature of the target Airy beam, and the first initial emission angle is used to control the initial propagation direction of the target Airy beam; The beam radiation module is used to determine the wavefront electric field distribution of electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, so that the transmitting antenna radiates to form a target Airy beam that bypasses the obstacle position and reaches the user position.

[0014] An embodiment of the sixth aspect of this application provides a computer device including a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method described in any of the preceding aspects.

[0015] An embodiment of the seventh aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that are used to cause a computer to perform the methods described in any of the preceding aspects.

[0016] The technical solution of this application has the following technical effects: With both amplitude and phase independently adjustable at the subcarrier dimension, the broadband beamforming method proposed in this application enables Airy beams of different frequencies to propagate along a unified target trajectory and reach the user's location after bypassing obstacles, thereby effectively suppressing beam splitting effects and improving user reception power. Even under the constraint that amplitude or phase cannot be independently controlled at the subcarrier level, the broadband beamforming method based on trajectory convergence proposed in this scheme can still achieve spatial convergence of multi-frequency Airy beams at the user's location, thereby maintaining high received power and sustaining the system's communication rate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a scenario for Airy beam-assisted wireless communication provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating an Airy beam transmission method in a complex near-field environment according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 This illustration shows a structural schematic diagram of an Airy beam transmission device in a complex near-field environment according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a storage medium provided in one embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of this application and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0019] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0020] The technical scenarios involved in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0021] With the continued growth in the number of mobile terminals worldwide, next-generation wireless mobile communication systems (6G) aim to provide mobile data services with higher capacity and support for massive connectivity. To overcome the performance bottlenecks of existing communication systems and meet the demands of key performance indicators such as immersive experiences and massive connectivity, 6G networks are showing a trend towards expanding to higher frequency bands such as millimeter waves (mmWave) and even terahertz (THz). Simultaneously, the deployment of ultra-large-scale antenna arrays significantly improves spatial resolution, thereby achieving higher spectral efficiency. This trend towards higher frequencies and massive arrays brings about fundamental changes at the physical level: on the one hand, the increase in antenna aperture size and the decrease in electromagnetic wave wavelength together lead to a significant increase in the Rayleigh distance between transceivers, causing the communication environment to gradually shift from the traditional far-field region to the near-field region; on the other hand, the expansion of system bandwidth makes beam splitting effects more prominent, meaning that subcarrier beams far from the center frequency point experience significant spatial offset, resulting in decreased user received power and further reducing system communication rates.

[0022] In the near-field region, the plane wave propagation assumption in traditional communication theory no longer applies, and the electromagnetic wave front needs to be accurately modeled as a spherical wave. Based on the near-field spherical wave model, a beamforming method for near-field beam focusing has been proposed. Unlike far-field beams, which can only achieve angular-dimensional directional scanning, near-field beam focusing can precisely converge electromagnetic energy at a specific focal point in space, rather than simply pointing it in a certain propagation direction. However, this type of high-precision near-field beam focusing technology has strong environmental sensitivity in practical deployments, especially in dynamic scenarios with dense obstacles, where its performance is easily and significantly affected. High-frequency signals are highly sensitive to the propagation environment itself; common building materials, human bodies, and vegetation can all cause significant insertion and penetration losses. More importantly, near-field focused beams have highly concentrated spatial energy distribution characteristics. Once the critical propagation path between the base station and the user is blocked by obstacles, even small obstacles can severely obstruct electromagnetic wave propagation, leading to a significant deterioration in the performance of traditional near-field focusing solutions.

[0023] To address transmission challenges in obstructed environments, research has begun exploring special waveform designs capable of "bypassing" obstacles. Representative methods include curved beams based on cubic phase modulation and Airy beams with initial field distributions following an Airy function. Curved beams introduce specific cubic phase terms into the phase response of the antenna array, altering the electromagnetic wave propagation envelope and thus creating a curved propagation trajectory that avoids obstacles. Airy beams possess unique propagation characteristics, including near-diffraction-free propagation, self-curving trajectories, and self-healing capabilities—meaning the beam can recover its spatial distribution even after encountering small obstacles, naturally possessing the potential to bypass them. While existing solutions alleviate obstruction issues to some extent, they still have significant limitations in near-field broadband communication environments with obstacles. First, although curved beams based on cubic phase modulation can achieve curved propagation trajectories, their energy distribution along the trajectory is uneven, typically concentrated in a small segment. Furthermore, the closed-form expression of the trajectory is complex, making it difficult to directly use for beam design. Existing methods often rely on beam training or machine learning to search for the optimal beam, introducing additional training overhead and system complexity. Secondly, most existing communication solutions for curved or Airy beams are designed for narrowband scenarios and do not fully consider the beam splitting effect under broadband conditions. This makes it difficult for subcarrier beams that deviate from the center frequency to accurately point to the user's location, resulting in a decrease in received power.

[0024] To address the bottlenecks of the existing technologies, this invention proposes a broadband Airy beam transmission method suitable for near-field obstructed scenarios. The core innovation of this scheme lies in utilizing the non-diffraction and self-bending characteristics of the Airy beam, as well as the resolving power of its parabolic trajectory, so that the trajectories of subcarrier beams of different frequencies all pass through the user after bypassing obstacles, thereby improving the user's received power and communication rate.

[0025] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of an Airy beam transmission method in a complex near-field environment is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0026] Example 1: This embodiment provides an Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments. The method uses a uniform linear array arranged along the x-axis with its center located at the origin (i.e., (x,z) = (0,0)) as the transmitting antenna. The transmitted beam propagates along the z-axis. Figure 1As shown: the transmitting antenna is arranged vertically along the x-axis, the z-axis is the main direction of beam propagation, and the obstacle is vertically positioned between the transmitting antenna and the user. The edge point of the obstacle is the key reference position for the Airy beam to bypass the obstacle. This embodiment of the application designs a parabolic self-bending propagation trajectory for the Airy beam, so that after the beam radiates from the transmitting antenna, it bypasses the edge point of the obstacle along a preset trajectory and finally reaches the user's position accurately, achieving non-line-of-sight obstacle-bypass transmission.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an Airy beam transmission method in a complex near-field environment according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the Airy beam transmission method includes the following steps: Step S101: Obtain the coordinates of the user's location. Coordinates of the obstacle edge and beam gap parameters .

[0028] Among them, the edge of the obstacle is the critical position that the Airy beam needs to avoid.

[0029] Specifically, when the Airy beam passes around an obstacle, it cannot propagate close to the obstacle; a "safe distance" must be maintained. This is the beam gap parameter. Beam gap parameters This represents the safe distance between the center of the Airy beam's main lobe and the edge of an obstacle, used to ensure that the main lobe of the beam is not blocked by the obstacle. Its definition satisfies the following relationship:

[0030] in, The x-axis coordinates representing the position of the obstacle's edge. This indicates the Airy beam trajectory over the propagation distance. The x-coordinate value at that point is the x-coordinate value of the target location (i.e., the safe obstacle avoidance point); if If the beam is outside the obstacle and not blocked, then it means the Airy beam is outside the obstacle and not blocked; otherwise, if If , it means that the propagation of the Airy beam is blocked by an obstacle.

[0031] Specifically, It must be greater than the main lobe width of the Airy beam (e.g.) Because the main lobe is the part with the strongest signal, leaving enough width is necessary to ensure that the signal is not interfered with by obstacles and that the transmission is reliable.

[0032] Step S102: Based on the parabolic propagation trajectory characteristics of the Airy beam, and in combination with the user position, the obstacle edge position, and the beam gap parameter, a trajectory constraint equation is constructed.

[0033] Specifically, the trajectory expression used to characterize the parabolic propagation trajectory of the Airy beam is as follows:

[0034] in, Indicates the beam's propagation distance. The Airy beam formed by electromagnetic waves with a center frequency at a distance of... The position of the main lobe on the cross section. From the trajectory expression of the Airy beam, it can be seen that its propagation trajectory is determined by three parameters: This represents a spatial scale parameter used to control the curvature of the Airy beam trajectory; The wave number, which represents the center frequency of an electromagnetic wave. The initial emission angle of the electromagnetic wave represents the center frequency; where the spatial scale parameter is... Corresponding amplitude control parameters, initial emission angle Corresponding phase control parameters, wavenumber This reflects the frequency dependence of Airy beam trajectory, that is, the frequency of different subcarriers will lead to trajectory differences, and the higher the frequency, the greater the wave number.

[0035] In some specific embodiments, in order to achieve Airy beam propagation around obstacles, the constructed trajectory constraint equations need to satisfy the following constraints: Airy beam trajectory passes through the target location and reach the user's location ; To satisfy the above constraints, the target position needs to be... and user location The following two trajectory constraint equations are obtained by inputting them into the trajectory expression of the Airy beam:

[0036] in, Indicates the first spatial scale parameter. The x-axis coordinates representing the user's location. The z-axis coordinate value representing the user's location. Indicates user, The x-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position. Indicates the edge of an obstacle. Indicates the beam gap parameter. Indicates the center frequency. express and The ratio, The z-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position;

[0037] in, Indicates the first initial launch angle. The x-axis coordinates representing the user's location. Indicates user, The x-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position. Indicates the edge of an obstacle. Indicates the beam gap parameter. express and The ratio, The z-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position.

[0038] Step S103: Solve the trajectory constraint equation to obtain the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency.

[0039] Specifically, the first spatial scale parameter The first initial emission angle is used to control the curvature of the target Airy beam. Used to control the initial propagation direction of the target Airy beam.

[0040] Step S104: Determine the wavefront electric field distribution of the electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, so that the transmitting antenna radiates to form a target Airy beam that bypasses the obstacle and reaches the user's location.

[0041] Specifically, the obtained first spatial scale parameters and the first initial launch angle Substituting into the trajectory expression of the Airy beam, we obtain the trajectory equation of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency, as shown below:

[0042] In some specific embodiments, the base station can design the wavefront electric field distribution of the transmitting antenna according to the parameters of the trajectory equation of the target Airy beam, so that the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency radiated by the transmitting antenna will accurately bypass the obstacle and transmit the signal to the user end.

[0043] Specifically, to construct the target Airy beam, located at the system center frequency The wavefront of an electromagnetic wave on the transmitting antenna can be represented as:

[0044] in, It is a natural constant. The imaginary unit, subscript Indicates the center frequency. This indicates that the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency is... The electric field distribution at that location. The standard Airy function is defined as follows: In scenarios requiring high-precision control of the Airy beam, the maximum electric field strength must be located at the center of the transmitting aperture, i.e., the origin of the coordinate system. At this point, a centralized Airy function can be used. Alternative standard Airy function Its mathematical expression is ,in It is the standard Airy function Main lobe peak position. Parameters and These represent the wave number and initial emission angle of the electromagnetic wave at the center frequency, respectively. Attenuation factor. Used to adjust the energy distribution of the Airy beam, making it physically feasible under finite energy conditions. Spatial scale parameters Used to control the curvature of the Airy beam trajectory.

[0045] This application utilizes the non-diffraction characteristics and parabolic analytical trajectory of the Airy beam to efficiently design an analytical expression for an Airy beam trajectory that can bypass obstacles, without the need for complex beam training or machine learning processes, given the user's position and obstacle edge position information. It also provides the parameters required to construct the Airy beam.

[0046] Example 2: In practical broadband communication systems, base stations simultaneously transmit multiple subcarrier signals at different frequencies. Due to the differences in wireless channel transmission characteristics at different frequencies, a significant beam splitting phenomenon occurs when all subcarriers use the same amplitude and phase configuration. Specifically, subcarrier beams of different frequencies will propagate along different trajectories. Subcarriers farther from the center frequency will deviate significantly from the target trajectory, thus failing to accurately reach the user's location, resulting in reduced user reception power and further decreasing communication speed. Therefore, this application proposes a method to ensure that Airy beams of different frequencies propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam, thereby effectively suppressing the beam splitting problem under broadband conditions.

[0047] In the embodiments of this application, the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments can be applied to broadband communication systems employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The system transmits data through multiple subcarriers of different frequencies, which can effectively suppress beam splitting caused by frequency differences in broadband transmission, and ensure that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers propagate along the target trajectory.

[0048] In this embodiment of the application, step S104 includes steps S201-S203: Step S201: For any subcarrier, calculate the frequency of the subcarrier. With center frequency ratio Based on the ratio and the first spatial scale parameter, the second spatial scale parameter corresponding to the subcarrier is calculated, and the second initial transmission angle corresponding to the subcarrier is set as the first initial transmission angle.

[0049] Specifically, the first spatial scale parameter The initial emission angle is used to control the curvature of the target Airy beam. The parameters used to control the initial propagation direction of the target Airy beam were obtained in Example 1 above by solving the trajectory constraint equation in a closed form based on the user position, obstacle edge position and beam gap parameters.

[0050] Specifically, the second spatial scale parameter The calculation formula is as follows:

[0051] Specifically, the second initial transmission angle corresponding to the subcarrier Set as the first initial launch angle, that is:

[0052] in, Indicates the sequence number of the subcarrier.

[0053] Step S202: Determine the amplitude distribution and phase distribution of the subcarrier on the transmitting antenna based on the second spatial scale parameter, the second initial transmission angle, and the wave number of the subcarrier.

[0054] Specifically, let the system bandwidth be... Using OFDM Data is transmitted using 1 subcarrier at a frequency of 1. The The expression for the wavefront electric field distribution corresponding to each subcarrier can be expressed as:

[0055] in, Indicates the transmitting antenna is in The initial electric field distribution at the location is the source of Airy beam radiation, and its amplitude and phase together determine the trajectory, shape and propagation direction of the Airy beam formed by the subcarrier in space. Indicates the first The position of each subcarrier at the aperture of the transmitting antenna Amplitude distribution at the location; Indicates the first The position of each subcarrier at the aperture of the transmitting antenna Phase distribution at, where imaginary unit ; To form an Airy beam, the frequency is The The required amplitude distribution of each subcarrier at the transmit antenna and phase distribution They must each meet the following requirements:

[0056]

[0057] in, Indicates the first The second spatial scale parameter corresponding to each subcarrier. Indicates the first The second initial transmission angle corresponding to each subcarrier Represents frequency The corresponding wave number; The first The second spatial scale parameter of each subcarrier Second initial launch angle and wavenumber Substituting into the above satisfying form, we obtain the first... The required amplitude and phase distribution of each subcarrier at the transmit antenna, i.e.:

[0058]

[0059] in, Represents the Airy function, This represents the attenuation factor, used to ensure that the beam meets the finite energy constraint.

[0060] Step S203: Construct the wavefront electric field distribution of the subcarrier on the transmitting antenna based on the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution, so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmitting antenna propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency.

[0061] Specifically, the amplitude distribution and phase distribution Substituting these values ​​into the above expression for the wavefront electric field distribution, we can construct the first... The wavefront electric field distribution of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna.

[0062] More specifically, through the frequency-selective amplitude and phase configuration described above, the Airy beams formed by subcarriers of different frequencies satisfy the same trajectory constraints, that is:

[0063] This ensures that all Airy beams corresponding to the subcarriers radiated by the transmitting antenna propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency in Embodiment 1, thereby achieving beam-splitting obstacle-bypass transmission under broadband conditions.

[0064] In this embodiment, to ensure that subcarrier beams of different frequencies all conform to the trajectory of a unified target Airy beam, their amplitude and phase distributions must exhibit frequency-dependent characteristics. Therefore, the transmitter needs to have the capability to independently adjust the amplitude and phase of each subcarrier signal with frequency selectivity, thereby achieving complete trajectory consistency control under broadband conditions.

[0065] Example 3: In practical communication scenarios, the transmitting end typically consists of a finite number of antenna elements, making it difficult to achieve continuous spatial control of the transmitted electric field. Instead, the amplitude and phase of the electric field can only be controlled at discrete antenna elements to achieve beamforming and data transmission. Furthermore, practical systems must satisfy transmit power constraints during beamforming. Therefore, based on the aforementioned embodiments, this application further provides the amplitude and phase configuration methods corresponding to each discrete antenna element in a practical communication system, thereby achieving broadband beamforming that satisfies power constraints.

[0066] This application provides a broadband Airy beamforming method applied to a broadband communication system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The system transmits data using multiple subcarriers of different frequencies, and the transmitting antenna includes... N A uniform linear array of antenna elements, with an interval of [missing information] between adjacent antenna elements. The total aperture of the array is Furthermore, each antenna element is independent of the others.

[0067] The broadband Airy beamforming method includes the following steps: Step S301, obtain the first in Example 2 Amplitude distribution of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna and phase distribution ,Right now:

[0068]

[0069] Step S302: Sample the amplitude distribution and phase distribution according to the position coordinates of the plurality of antenna elements to obtain the first amplitude value and the first phase value of each antenna element on each subcarrier.

[0070] Specifically, in order to ensure that each subcarrier propagates along the trajectory of the target Airy beam, a continuous amplitude distribution is achieved. With phase distribution Sampling is performed based on the position coordinates of multiple antenna elements to obtain the first... The antenna element at the ... The first amplitude value on each subcarrier and the first phase value As shown below:

[0071]

[0072] Step S303: For any antenna element and any subcarrier, calculate the transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier based on the first amplitude value, the first phase value and the normalization factor of the antenna element on the subcarrier.

[0073] Specifically, no. The antenna element at the ... Transmit response on each subcarrier The calculation formula is as follows:

[0074] in, Indicates the first The position coordinates of each antenna element on the x-axis This represents the normalization factor, used to ensure that the transmit power meets the requirements. Power constraints, Indicates the first Total transmit power of each subcarrier Indicates the first The beamforming vector corresponding to each subcarrier is derived from... The transmit response of each antenna element together constitutes the signal, namely: .

[0075] In some specific embodiments, the normalization factor It is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power of the subcarrier and the original total power, as follows: Regarding the first Each subcarrier, based on the first amplitude value of each antenna element Calculate its original total power :

[0076] in, This indicates the total number of antenna elements in the transmitting antenna. It can be used as the first The antenna element at the ... The original transmit power on each subcarrier.

[0077] Preset the first The preset maximum transmit power of each subcarrier Then the normalization factor satisfy:

[0078] Among them, the normalization factor for The square root of the ratio of the original total power to the preset total transmit power is used to scale the transmit response of the antenna element proportionally.

[0079] Step S304: Combine the transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier, and adjust the transmit antenna according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency.

[0080] Specifically, the transmit responses of multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector corresponding to the subcarrier. The amplitude and phase parameters of each element of the transmitting antenna are adjusted according to the beamforming vector of all subcarriers, so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmitting antenna propagate along the target Airy beam trajectory described in Example 1, bypassing obstacles and accurately reaching the user's location, effectively suppressing the beam splitting effect in broadband transmission.

[0081] The embodiments of this application enable beams corresponding to different subcarriers to propagate along the same trajectory and converge to the user's location after bypassing obstacles, thereby effectively suppressing beam splitting effects and improving user reception power and system communication rate.

[0082] Example 4: In more practical communication scenarios, it is often difficult for transmitting antennas to simultaneously achieve independent amplitude and phase control at the subcarrier level. Typically, only amplitude or only phase can achieve frequency-selective subcarrier-level independent control. Therefore, to address situations where amplitude control is limited, this application proposes a broadband Airy beamforming method with limited amplitude control.

[0083] This broadband Airy beamforming method with limited amplitude control is based on the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments described in Example 1 above. It is suitable for broadband communication systems where the phase at the transmitting end is independently controlled at the subcarrier level and the amplitude is uniformly configured for all subcarriers. The transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array containing multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Step S401: Obtain the center frequency obtained in Example 1. The first spatial scale parameters required to construct the target Airy beam and the first initial launch angle .

[0084] Step S402: For any subcarrier, calculate the third initial transmission angle of the subcarrier based on the first spatial scale parameter, the user location, and the wave number of the subcarrier.

[0085] Specifically, no. The third initial transmit angle of each subcarrier The calculation formula is as follows:

[0086] in, This indicates that the amplitude is constrained. The x-axis coordinates representing the user's location. The z-axis coordinate value representing the user's location. Indicates the first The number of subcarrier waves.

[0087] In this embodiment of the application, regarding phase configuration, the scheme aims to control the propagation trajectory of the Airy beam of each subcarrier by adjusting the third initial transmit angle of different subcarriers. This ensures that although the trajectory of the non-center frequency subcarrier cannot completely coincide with the trajectory of the target Airy beam, it can converge with the target Airy beam at the user's location, thereby maximizing the received power at the user's location. Therefore, the first subcarrier capable of reaching the user's location... The trajectory of the Airy beam of each subcarrier satisfies the following equation:

[0088] By solving this equation, we obtain the above-mentioned first... The third initial transmit angle of each subcarrier .

[0089] Step S403: For any antenna element, generate the second phase value of the antenna element on the subcarrier based on the third initial transmission angle, the wave number, and the position coordinates of the antenna element.

[0090] Specifically, the first is calculated using the following formula. The antenna element at the ... Second phase value on each subcarrier:

[0091] in, Indicates the first The antenna element at the ... The second phase value on each subcarrier, Indicates the first The number of subcarriers, Indicates the first The coordinates of each antenna element along the x-axis.

[0092] Step S404: Calculate the second amplitude value of the antenna element on each subcarrier based on the first spatial scale parameter and the position coordinates of the antenna element; wherein, the second amplitude value of all subcarriers on the same antenna element is the same.

[0093] Specifically, for the case where only phase can be independently controlled at the subcarrier level, while amplitude is limited to a uniform configuration across all subcarriers, the amplitude configuration of each subcarrier uses the sampled values ​​of the amplitude distribution corresponding to the center frequency at the antenna element location, i.e.:

[0094] in, Indicates the first spatial scale parameter. Indicates the first The coordinates of each antenna element along the x-axis. Indicates the first The antenna element at the ... The second amplitude value on each subcarrier, where This indicates amplitude-constrained, where the amplitude configuration is frequency-independent, thus satisfying the constraint of amplitude-frequency selectivity limitation.

[0095] Step S405: Calculate the transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier based on the second phase value, the second amplitude value, and the normalization factor; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power of the subcarrier and the original total power. Specifically, the second phase value Second amplitude value and normalization factor Substitute into the following formula and then solve:

[0096] Get the first The antenna element at the ... Transmit response on each subcarrier :

[0097] Step S406: Combine the transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier, and adjust the transmit antenna according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

[0098] Specifically, the transmit responses of multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector corresponding to the subcarrier. The amplitude and phase parameters of each element of the transmitting antenna are adjusted according to the beamforming vector of all subcarriers, so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmitting antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

[0099] Through the above steps, under the limited condition that the amplitude cannot change with the subcarrier, the trajectory convergence of the multi-subcarrier Airy beam at the user's location can be achieved simply by phase adjustment, ensuring obstacle-avoidance communication performance.

[0100] Example 5: In more practical communication scenarios, it is often difficult for transmitting antennas to simultaneously achieve independent amplitude and phase control at the subcarrier level. Typically, only amplitude or only phase can achieve frequency-selective subcarrier-level independent control. Therefore, to address situations where phase control is limited, this application proposes a broadband Airy beamforming method with limited phase control.

[0101] This phase-controlled broadband Airy beamforming method is based on the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments described in Embodiment 1 above. It is applicable to broadband communication systems where the amplitude at the transmitter is independently modulated at the subcarrier level and the phase is uniformly configured for all subcarriers. The transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array containing multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Step S501: Obtain the center frequency obtained in Example 1. The first spatial scale parameters required to construct the target Airy beam and the first initial launch angle .

[0102] Step S502: For any subcarrier, calculate the third spatial scale parameter of the subcarrier based on the first initial transmission angle, the wave number of the subcarrier, the user location, and the frequency ratio; the frequency ratio refers to the ratio of the frequency of the subcarrier to the center frequency.

[0103] Specifically, no. The third spatial scale parameter of each subcarrier The calculation formula is as follows:

[0104] in, Indicates the first initial launch angle. Indicates the wavenumber of the subcarrier. Indicates the user's location. This represents the frequency ratio.

[0105] In this embodiment, regarding amplitude configuration, the scheme aims to control the propagation trajectory of each subcarrier Airy beam by adjusting the curvature of different subcarriers. This ensures that while the trajectory of the non-center frequency subcarrier cannot completely coincide with the target trajectory, it can converge with the target beam at the user's location, thereby maximizing the received power at the user's location. Therefore, the receiving power at the user's location can reach the [missing information - likely a specific frequency range]. The trajectory of the Airy beam of each subcarrier satisfies the following equation:

[0106] By solving this equation, we obtain the above-mentioned... The third spatial scale parameter of each subcarrier .

[0107] Step S503: For any antenna element, calculate the third amplitude value of the antenna element on the subcarrier based on the third spatial scale parameter and the position coordinates of the antenna element.

[0108] Specifically, the first is calculated using the following formula. The antenna element at the ... The third amplitude value on each subcarrier:

[0109] in, Indicates the first The antenna element at the ... The third amplitude value on each subcarrier, Indicates the first The coordinates of each antenna element along the x-axis.

[0110] Step S504: Calculate the third phase value of each subcarrier on the antenna element based on the first initial transmission angle, the position coordinates of the antenna element, and the wavenumber of the subcarrier at the center frequency; wherein, all subcarriers have the same third phase value on the same antenna element.

[0111] Specifically, for the case where amplitude can be independently controlled at the subcarrier level, but phase is limited to a uniform configuration across all subcarriers: the phase configuration of each subcarrier is taken from the sampled values ​​of the phase distribution corresponding to the center frequency beam at the antenna element location, that is:

[0112] in, Indicates the first The antenna element at the ... The third phase value on each subcarrier, The wavenumber of a subcarrier representing the center frequency. Indicates the first initial launch angle. Indicates the position coordinates of the antenna element. This indicates phase-constrained, where the phase configuration is frequency-independent, thus satisfying the constraint of phase-frequency selectivity limitation.

[0113] Step S505: Calculate the transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier based on the third phase value, the third amplitude value, and the normalization factor; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power of the subcarrier and the original total power.

[0114] Specifically, the second phase value Second amplitude value and normalization factor Substitute into the following formula and then solve:

[0115] Get the first The antenna element at the ... Transmit response on each subcarrier :

[0116] Step S506: Combine the transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier, and adjust the transmit antenna according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

[0117] Specifically, the transmit responses of multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector corresponding to the subcarrier. The amplitude and phase parameters of each element of the transmitting antenna are adjusted according to the beamforming vector of all subcarriers, so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmitting antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

[0118] Through the above steps, under the condition of limited phase modulation, this scheme optimizes the amplitude configuration to adjust the curvature of different subcarrier beam trajectories, so that the Airy beam propagation trajectories of different frequencies converge at the user's location, thereby improving the user's received power.

[0119] In summary, when both amplitude and phase can be independently controlled at the subcarrier level, the broadband beamforming method proposed in this application enables Airy beams of different frequencies to propagate along a unified target trajectory, reaching the user's location after bypassing obstacles, thereby effectively suppressing beam splitting effects and improving user receiving power. Under the limited condition that amplitude or phase cannot be independently controlled at the subcarrier level, the broadband beamforming method based on trajectory convergence proposed in this scheme can still achieve spatial convergence of multi-frequency Airy beams at the user's location, thereby maintaining high receiving power and maintaining the system's communication rate.

[0120] Corresponding to the above implementation methods for Airy beam transmission in complex near-field environments, this application also provides an Airy beam transmission device for complex near-field environments, used to execute the Airy beam transmission method for complex near-field environments described in the above embodiments. Figure 3 As shown, the Airy beam transmission device in this complex near-field environment includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the user's position, the obstacle's edge position, and the beam gap parameter; the beam gap parameter is determined based on the x-axis coordinate value of the obstacle's edge position, and the beam gap parameter is greater than the main lobe width of the Airy beam; The trajectory constraint equation construction module is used to construct trajectory constraint equations based on the parabolic propagation trajectory characteristics of the Airy beam, combined with the user position, the obstacle edge position, and the beam gap parameter. The trajectory constraint equations satisfy the following constraint conditions: the Airy beam trajectory passes through the target position and reaches the user position; the target position is calculated based on the obstacle edge position and the beam gap parameter. The parameter calculation module is used to solve the trajectory constraint equation to obtain the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency; the first spatial scale parameter is used to control the curvature of the target Airy beam, and the first initial emission angle is used to control the initial propagation direction of the target Airy beam; The beam radiation module is used to determine the wavefront electric field distribution of electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, so that the transmitting antenna radiates to form a target Airy beam that bypasses the obstacle position and reaches the user position.

[0121] The Airy beam transmission device in complex near-field environment provided in the above embodiments of this application and the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environment provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, run or implemented by the application programs stored therein.

[0122] This application also provides a computer device for executing the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments described above. Please refer to... Figure 4 This illustrates a schematic diagram of a computer device provided by some embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the computer device 4 includes: a processor 400, a memory 401, a bus 402, and a communication interface 403. The processor 400, the communication interface 403, and the memory 401 are connected via the bus 402. The memory 401 stores a computer program that can run on the processor 400. When the processor 400 runs the computer program, it executes the method provided in any of the foregoing embodiments of this application.

[0123] The memory 401 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 403 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, or metropolitan area network.

[0124] Bus 402 can be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. Memory 401 is used to store programs. After receiving an execution instruction, the processor 400 executes the program. The method disclosed in any of the foregoing embodiments can be applied to the processor 400, or implemented by the processor 400.

[0125] The processor 400 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of the processor 400 or by instructions in software form. The processor 400 may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in memory 401. The processor 400 reads the information in memory 401 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0126] The computer device and the method provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods they adopt, operate or implement.

[0127] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium corresponding to the method provided in any of the foregoing embodiments. Please refer to... Figure 5 The computer-readable storage medium shown is an optical disc 30, on which a computer program (i.e., a program product) is stored, which, when run by a processor, executes the methods provided in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0128] It should be noted that examples of the computer-readable storage medium may also include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other optical and magnetic storage media, which will not be elaborated here.

[0129] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the above embodiments of this application and the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments provided in the embodiments of this application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, run or implemented by the applications stored therein.

[0130] It should be noted that: Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0131] Similarly, it should be understood that, for the sake of brevity and to aid in understanding one or more of the various inventive aspects, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of this application, various features of this application are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this disclosure should not be construed as reflecting a schematic diagram in which the claimed application requires more features than expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the following claims, inventive aspects lie in fewer than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into that detailed description, wherein each claim itself is a separate embodiment of this application.

[0132] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features but not others included in other embodiments, combinations of features from different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of this application and form different embodiments. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0133] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments, characterized in that, A uniform linear array arranged along the x-axis and centered at the origin is used as the transmitting antenna, and the transmitted beam propagates along the z-axis. The Airy beam transmission method includes the following steps: The user's location, the obstacle's edge location, and the beam gap parameter are obtained; the beam gap parameter is determined based on the x-axis coordinate value of the obstacle's edge location, and the beam gap parameter is greater than the main lobe width of the Airy beam; Based on the parabolic propagation trajectory characteristics of the Airy beam, a trajectory constraint equation is constructed by combining the user position, the obstacle edge position, and the beam gap parameter. The trajectory constraint equation satisfies the following constraint condition: the Airy beam trajectory passes through the target position and reaches the user position; the target position is calculated based on the obstacle edge position and the beam gap parameter. Solving the trajectory constraint equation yields the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency; the first spatial scale parameter is used to control the curvature of the target Airy beam, and the first initial emission angle is used to control the initial propagation direction of the target Airy beam; The wavefront electric field distribution of electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna is determined based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, so that the transmitting antenna radiates to form a target Airy beam that bypasses the obstacle and reaches the user's location.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Solving the trajectory constraint equation yields the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency, including: in, Indicates the first spatial scale parameter. The x-axis coordinates representing the user's location. The z-axis coordinate value representing the user's location. Indicates user, The x-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position. Indicates the edge of an obstacle. Indicates the beam gap parameter. Indicates the center frequency. express and The ratio, The z-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Solving the trajectory constraint equation yields the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency, including: in, Indicates the first initial launch angle. The x-axis coordinates representing the user's location. Indicates user, The x-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position. Indicates the edge of an obstacle. Indicates the beam gap parameter. express and The ratio, The z-axis value representing the coordinates of the obstacle's edge position.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method is applied to a broadband communication system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where data is transmitted via multiple subcarriers of different frequencies. The method determines the wavefront electric field distribution of the electromagnetic waves at each subcarrier frequency on the transmitting antenna based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, including: For any subcarrier, calculate the ratio of the subcarrier's frequency to the center frequency. Based on the ratio and the first spatial scale parameter, calculate the second spatial scale parameter corresponding to the subcarrier. Set the second initial transmission angle corresponding to the subcarrier as the first initial transmission angle. The amplitude and phase distribution of the subcarrier on the transmitting antenna are determined based on the second spatial scale parameter, the second initial transmission angle, and the wave number of the subcarrier. The wavefront electric field distribution of the subcarriers on the transmitting antenna is constructed based on the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution, so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmitting antenna propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency.

5. A broadband Airy beamforming method, implemented based on the method of claim 4, characterized in that, The broadband Airy beamforming method is applied to a broadband communication system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), where data is transmitted via multiple subcarriers of different frequencies, and the transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array containing multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Obtain the amplitude and phase distribution of the subcarriers on the transmitting antenna as determined in claim 4; The amplitude distribution and phase distribution are sampled according to the position coordinates of the multiple antenna elements to obtain the first amplitude value and the first phase value of each antenna element on each subcarrier; For any antenna element and any subcarrier, the transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the first amplitude value, the first phase value, and the normalization factor of the antenna element on the subcarrier; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power and the original total power of the subcarrier. The transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier. The transmit antenna is then adjusted according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna propagate along the trajectory of the target Airy beam corresponding to the center frequency.

6. A broadband Airy beamforming method with limited amplitude control, implemented based on the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, This method is applicable to broadband communication systems where the phase of the transmitter is independently adjustable at the subcarrier level and the amplitude is uniformly configured across all subcarriers. The transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array containing multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Obtain the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency, as solved in claim 1; For any subcarrier, the third initial transmission angle of the subcarrier is calculated based on the first spatial scale parameter, the user location, and the wave number of the subcarrier. For any antenna element, a second phase value of the antenna element on the subcarrier is generated based on the third initial transmission angle, the wavenumber, and the position coordinates of the antenna element. The second amplitude value of the antenna element on each subcarrier is calculated based on the first spatial scale parameter and the position coordinates of the antenna element; wherein, the second amplitude value of all subcarriers on the same antenna element is the same; The transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the second phase value, the second amplitude value, and the normalization factor; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power of the subcarrier and the original total power. The transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier. The transmit antenna is then adjusted according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

7. A broadband Airy beamforming method with phase-controlled limitations, implemented based on the Airy beam transmission method in complex near-field environments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, This method is applicable to broadband communication systems where the amplitude is independently modulated at the subcarrier level and the phase is uniformly configured across all subcarriers at the transmitting end. The transmitting antenna is a uniform linear array containing multiple antenna elements. The method includes the following steps: Obtain the first spatial scale parameters and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency, as solved in claim 1; For any subcarrier, a third spatial scale parameter of the subcarrier is calculated based on the first initial transmission angle, the wave number of the subcarrier, the user location, and the frequency ratio; the frequency ratio refers to the ratio of the frequency of the subcarrier to the center frequency. For any antenna element, the third amplitude value of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the third spatial scale parameter and the position coordinates of the antenna element; Based on the first initial transmission angle, the position coordinates of the antenna element, and the wavenumber of the subcarrier at the center frequency, the third phase value of each subcarrier on the antenna element is calculated; wherein, all subcarriers have the same third phase value on the same antenna element. The transmit response of the antenna element on the subcarrier is calculated based on the third phase value, the third amplitude value, and the normalization factor; the normalization factor is determined based on the preset maximum transmit power of the subcarrier and the original total power. The transmit responses of the multiple antenna elements on the subcarrier are combined to obtain the beamforming vector of the subcarrier. The transmit antenna is then adjusted according to the beamforming vector of the multiple subcarriers so that the Airy beams corresponding to all subcarriers radiated by the transmit antenna bypass the obstacle position and reach the user position.

8. An Airy beam transmission device for complex near-field environments, characterized in that, The device employs a uniform linear array arranged along the x-axis and centered at the origin as the transmitting antenna, with the transmitted beam propagating along the z-axis. The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire the user's position, the obstacle's edge position, and the beam gap parameter; the beam gap parameter is determined based on the x-axis coordinate value of the obstacle's edge position, and the beam gap parameter is greater than the main lobe width of the Airy beam; The trajectory constraint equation construction module is used to construct trajectory constraint equations based on the parabolic propagation trajectory characteristics of the Airy beam, combined with the user position, the obstacle edge position, and the beam gap parameter. The trajectory constraint equations satisfy the following constraint conditions: the Airy beam trajectory passes through the target position and reaches the user position; the target position is calculated based on the obstacle edge position and the beam gap parameter. The parameter calculation module is used to solve the trajectory constraint equation to obtain the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial emission angle required to construct the target Airy beam at the center frequency; the first spatial scale parameter is used to control the curvature of the target Airy beam, and the first initial emission angle is used to control the initial propagation direction of the target Airy beam; The beam radiation module is used to determine the wavefront electric field distribution of electromagnetic waves at the frequencies of each subcarrier on the transmitting antenna based on the first spatial scale parameter and the first initial transmission angle, so that the transmitting antenna radiates to form a target Airy beam that bypasses the obstacle position and reaches the user position.

9. A computer device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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