Signal transmission method and application device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide a signal transmission method and an application device. The method comprises: sending a CP of a first OFDM symbol. The first OFDM symbol comprises M PRDCH chips and X padding chips. The chip length of the X padding chips is fixed, and the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are located at the tail of the first OFDM symbol. The level of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol is the same as the level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol, or the level of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol is the same as the level of the last PRDCH chip of a second OFDM symbol. The second OFDM symbol is sent before the first OFDM symbol and adjacent to the first OFDM symbol. By using the embodiments of the present application, the fixed-length padding chips can be inserted at the tail of the OFDM symbol, the overhead of the padding chips can be reduced, and the data transmission efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a signal transmission method and application device. Background Technology

[0002] With the advent of the information age, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an important direction for technological development. Based on this, the ambient IoT (A-IoT), a lightweight network form, has emerged, bringing many conveniences to our lives. To reduce the power consumption of A-IoT devices, on-off keying (OOK) signals based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can be used to transmit information.

[0003] However, the introduction of a cyclic prefix (CP) enables sudden rising or falling edges in the OOK signal. If these sudden rising or falling edges cannot be removed, they can cause false detections. Therefore, how to remove the CP is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application discloses a signal transmission method and application device that can insert a fixed-length padding chip at the end of an OFDM symbol, thereby reducing the overhead of the padding chip and improving data transmission efficiency.

[0005] Firstly, this application discloses a signal transmission method that can be applied to a first communication device. The functions performed by the first communication device in this application can be performed by a device within the first communication device (e.g., a chip, a chip system, a circuit, or a means, etc.). In some possible implementations, the first communication device can be a reader / writer or an intermediate node. The reader / writer can be any of a network device, an intermediate node, an auxiliary node, etc. The following example uses a first communication device, and the method includes:

[0006] A cyclic prefix (CP) is added to the first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; the first OFDM symbol and the CP are transmitted; wherein the first OFDM symbol includes M physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) chips and X padding chips, the X padding chips having a fixed length, and the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are located at the end of the first OFDM symbol; the level of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol is the same as the level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol; or, the level of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol is the same as the level of the last PRDCH chip of the second OFDM symbol, and the second OFDM symbol is transmitted before the first OFDM symbol and adjacent to the first OFDM symbol. Thus, by inserting fixed-length padding chips at the end of the OFDM symbol, the overhead of the padding chips can be reduced, which is beneficial to improving data transmission efficiency.

[0007] Here, level refers to one of ON and OFF, or one of high level and low level, or one of the symbols {1} and {0}.

[0008] Secondly, this application discloses a signal transmission method that can be applied to a second communication device. The functions performed by the second communication device in this application can be performed by a device within the second communication device (e.g., a chip, a chip system, a circuit, or a means, etc.). In some possible implementations, the second communication device can be an A-IoT device. An A-IoT device can be any of a terminal device, a network device, an intermediate node, an auxiliary node, etc. The following example uses a second communication device; the method includes:

[0009] The system receives a first Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and its Cyclic Prefix (CP). It then detects the first OFDM symbol and the CP. The first OFDM symbol comprises M Physical Reader-to-Device Channel (PRDCH) chips and X padding chips. The X padding chips have a fixed length, and are located at the tail of the first OFDM symbol. The voltage levels of the X padding chips are the same as the voltage level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol; alternatively, the voltage levels of the X padding chips are the same as the voltage level of the last PRDCH chip in the second OFDM symbol, which is transmitted before and adjacent to the first OFDM symbol. This allows for the insertion of fixed-length padding chips at the tail of the OFDM symbol, reducing padding chip overhead and improving data transmission efficiency.

[0010] In this application, the PRDCH chip can be understood as a chip carrying data on the PRDCH. This PRDCH chip can be an OOK chip or a chip obtained through other modulation methods; no limitation is made here. This application uses the PRDCH chip as an example. The PRDCH chip can be replaced with any other channel chip, or a data chip or signaling chip, etc., representing the chip that actually transmits data and / or signaling in the OFDM symbol. The padding chip can be a dedicated chip, not used to carry the PRDCH, or not used to carry the data or bits of the PRDCH.

[0011] This application uses a first OFDM symbol as an example. The first OFDM symbol can be one or more, or it can include other OFDM symbols, such as a second OFDM symbol. The second OFDM symbol can also have CP added, and can include M PRDCH chips and X padding chips, etc.

[0012] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible implementations, the method further includes: removing X padding chips and the CP from the first OFDM symbol. This facilitates the reception of data carried on the PRDCH chip.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect or the second aspect, in some feasible implementations, the chip length of each of the X filling chips is equal; the length of each of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X filling chips; or the chip length of each of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X filling chips, and the chip length of the last PRDCH chip of the M PRDCH chips is less than the chip length of one of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips.

[0014] In other words, in one scenario, the chip length L1 of each PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips is divided equally, resulting in a smaller chip length L compared to the PRDCH chip without the addition of X padding chips. The chip length of each PRDCH chip after adding X padding chips can be the ratio of the chip length of the first OFDM symbol excluding the X padding chips to M, i.e., L1 can be (LX padding chip length) / M. This can be understood as reserving a region at the end of each OFDM symbol to add X padding chips.

[0015] In another case, the chip length of each PRDCH in the first M-1 PRDCH chip lengths L2 is not reduced compared to the chip length L of a PRDCH chip without the addition of X padding chips. Instead, the chip length of the last PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips, i.e., the Mth PRDCH chip, is reduced. L2 can be the ratio of the chip length L of the first OFDM symbol to M, i.e. L3 can be the chip length of the first OFDM symbol excluding the chip length of X padding chips and the first M-1 PRDCH chips; that is, L3 can be the chip length of L2-X padding chips. Here, L represents the symbol length of the OFDM symbol excluding CP.

[0016] In some feasible implementations, L2 can be equal to Here, delta is the ratio of the chip length of X padding chips to M. delta can be understood as the error in the chip length of each PRDCH chip when increasing X padding chips to produce M PRDCH chips.

[0017] In some feasible implementations, when the value of M is equal to the value of K corresponding to the chip length of the padding chip, L1 can be equal to... One of the X filler chips also has a chip length of L1. At this point, the first OFDM symbol contains (M+X) chips, with a chip length of L1.

[0018] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some feasible implementations, the value of M belongs to the first set; the chip length of each of the X filled chips is the chip length corresponding to the maximum value K in the first set. Thus, M is less than or equal to K.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect or the second aspect, in some feasible implementations, the chip length corresponding to K is the time length of the first OFDM symbol divided by K.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect or the second aspect, in some feasible implementations, K is one of the following: 16, 24, 32. That is, K is any one of the second set {16, 24, 32}.

[0021] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some feasible implementations, K is 16 or 24, and X = 2; or K is 32, and X = 3. Thus, the value of X can be determined based on the value of K.

[0022] In conjunction with the first or second aspect, in some feasible implementations, the chip length of the X padding chips is greater than or equal to the duration of the CP. Thus, after adding X padding chips to an OFDM symbol, the duration of the CP previously added to that OFDM symbol is less than the chip length of the X padding chips. This allows the X padding chips to be clearly distinguished from the PRDCH chip length and ensures that the CP, after being copied from the end of the OFDM symbol, maintains the same voltage level, preventing erroneous rising and falling edges, which facilitates the removal of the CP and padding chips at the receiver.

[0023] Thirdly, this application discloses a communication device, including units, modules, or means for performing the steps of the first or second aspect or any of the implementation methods described above. The modules, units, or means can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0024] Fourthly, this application discloses a communication device including a processor for executing computer programs or instructions, which, when executed, cause the methods of any one of the first to second aspects or any possible implementations described above to be implemented. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory.

[0025] Optionally, the communication device may also include interface circuitry, wherein the processor is used to communicate with other devices or components via the interface circuitry.

[0026] Optionally, the communication device may also include a memory.

[0027] In conjunction with the third or fourth aspect, in some feasible examples, the communication device may be a first communication device or a second communication device. The first communication device may be a terminal as a final product, a component or module with terminal functions, a circuit or chip that can be applied to the terminal to perform communication functions (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core, a chip system or processor), or a logic node, logic module or software that can implement all or part of the terminal functions.

[0028] In conjunction with the third or fourth aspect, in some feasible examples, the communication device may be a second communication device, which may be a network device as a final product, a component or module with network device functions, or a communication chip (such as a processor, baseband chip, or chip system) that can be applied in a network device.

[0029] In one implementation, the second communication device can be a non-terrestrial network device, such as a satellite.

[0030] Fifthly, this application provides a communication system comprising a first communication device and a second communication device. When the first communication device operates in the communication system, it performs the methods described in the first aspect or in feasible examples thereof. When the second communication device operates in the communication system, it performs the methods described in the second aspect or in feasible examples thereof.

[0031] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a communication system that includes communication devices as described in the third or fourth aspect or any of the possible embodiments thereof.

[0032] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method of any one of the first to second aspects or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented.

[0033] Eighthly, this application provides a computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method of any one of the first to second aspects or any possible implementation thereof to be implemented.

[0034] Ninthly, this application provides a chip or chip system including at least one processor for calling and executing instructions stored in a memory, causing a communication device on which the chip or chip system is mounted to perform the method of any one of the first to second aspects or any possible implementation thereof.

[0035] Optionally, the chip also includes a communication interface for receiving or sending signals.

[0036] Optionally, the chip or chip system may also include memory.

[0037] In a tenth aspect, this application provides a chip including: an input interface, an output interface, and a processing circuit. The input interface, the output interface, and the processing circuit are connected to the circuit via internal connection paths. The processing circuit is used to execute the method of any of the above aspects or possible examples. Optionally, the chip also includes a memory. The input interface, the output interface, the processor, and the memory are connected via internal connection paths. The processor is used to execute code in the memory. When the code is executed, the processor is used to execute the method of any of the above aspects or possible examples.

[0038] In one aspect, this application provides a chip system including at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and at least one processor being interconnected via a line, the at least one processor being used to run computer programs or instructions to perform the methods in any of the above aspects or possible examples.

[0039] It should be understood that the implementation and beneficial effects of the above-mentioned aspects can be mutually referenced. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0041] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 1B This is a schematic diagram of the AIoT device chip architecture provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a PRDCH transmission provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a DFT-s-OFDM data processing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 6A and Figure 6B These are schematic diagrams illustrating another signal transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as long term evolution (LTE) communication systems, new radio (NR) communication systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) communication systems, device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication systems, IoT communication systems, integrated sensing and communication systems, frequency division duplex (FDD) communication systems, time division duplex (TDD) communication systems, wireless projection communication systems, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) communication systems, public land mobile network (PLMN) communication systems, non-public network (NPN) communication systems, non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication systems, and future communication systems, or can be used for non-3rd generation partnerships. Projects, 3GPP) communication systems, etc., are not restricted. Among them, IoT communication systems can include narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication systems and A-IoT communication systems, etc., and are not limited here.

[0053] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Please see Figure 1A , Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1A As shown, the communication system may include a reader and an A-IoT device. The reader can be... Figure 1A The base station (BS) shown can be any of the following: network device, intermediate node, auxiliary node, etc. A-IoT device can be any of the following: terminal device, network device, intermediate node, auxiliary node, etc.

[0055] A-IoT devices can be passive, obtaining energy from sources such as solar, radio frequency, wind, hydro, or tidal power. This application does not limit the method of energy acquisition. A-IoT devices do not have their own power supply or rely on batteries or other power devices, but instead obtain energy from the environment to support data sensing, transmission, and distributed computing. A-IoT devices can also store the acquired energy.

[0056] Optionally, A-IoT devices can be categorized into devices with peak power consumption less than 1μW and devices with peak power consumption less than or equal to several hundred μW. Devices with peak power consumption less than 1μW are referred to as device 1. Devices with peak power consumption less than or equal to several hundred μW that use an externally provided carrier wave (CW) for backscattering are referred to as device 2a, or devices that use an internally generated carrier wave for transmission are referred to as device 2b. The following example uses device 1; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1B The chip architecture of Device1 may include the following parts:

[0057] Antenna: Radio frequency (RF) energy reception and receiver / transmitter can be shared or separated.

[0058] Matching network: Matches the impedance between the antenna and other components (including modules related to the RF energy harvester and receiver).

[0059] RF energy harvester: includes a rectifier that converts radio frequency signals (AC) into DC.

[0060] Energy storage (e.g., capacitors): storing collected energy from an RF energy receiver.

[0061] Power Management Unit (PMU): Manages the energy stored from the energy harvester and provides energy to active modules that require energy supply.

[0062] Digital baseband logic includes functional modules such as encoders, decoders, and controllers.

[0063] Memory includes two types: 1) Non-volatile memory, such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), which can permanently store device identification (ID), etc. 2) Registers that temporarily store information, which can only store information when there is sufficient energy in the energy storage.

[0064] Clock generator: Provides clock signals.

[0065] Receiver-related modules: RF bandpass filter (BPF): improves frequency selectivity. RF envelope detector (ED): converts the RF signal to baseband. Baseband low-pass filter (LPF): filters out harmonics and high-frequency components, improving the signal quality input to the comparator. Comparator: determines the high / low (level) of the input signal.

[0066] Transmit-related modules: Backscatter modulator (impedance switching): modulates the backscatter signal with the transmit signal from the baseband logic.

[0067] Optionally, based on backscattering, this means that while the A-IoT device is transmitting data, it requires an energy source (also known as a CW node) to provide the carrier wave for reflection. The CW wave is generally of constant amplitude. The CW node can be a standalone node or a base station / intermediate node (e.g., UE) communicating with the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device reflects the received CW wave, loads the signaling / data to be transmitted onto the reflected wave, and transmits the reflected wave. The reflected wave and the CW wave are on the same frequency or have a certain frequency offset. Simultaneously, the CW wave can also power the A-IoT device. For example, the A-IoT device can receive the wireless signal CW, activate its internal receiving and processing module, and begin encoding and modulating the signaling / data to be uploaded by the A-IoT device.

[0068] Optionally, for A-IoT devices that cannot actively transmit, an external carrier wave needs to be provided to the A-IoT device for backscattering. When the carrier wave is provided by an access network device (e.g., a base station) or an intermediate node terminal (e.g., an intermediate node UE) within the topology, it can be considered that the carrier wave originates from within the topology (CW from inside topology); when the carrier wave is provided by a node outside the topology, it can be considered that the carrier wave originates from outside the topology (CW from outside topology).

[0069] Optionally, A-IoT devices are characterized by small memory, low processing power, low power consumption, small data transmission volume, large connectivity, and high coverage. Therefore, the design of downlink channels in AIoT scenarios needs to comprehensively consider these characteristics. Simplifying some channel designs can reduce implementation complexity and product complexity.

[0070] Figure 1ATaking a reader as an example, the base station can be understood as functioning as a reader and communicating with A-IoT devices. Therefore, the communication link between the base station and the A-IoT device is called a reader-to-device (R2D) link or communication, or simply R2D communication. The communication link between the A-IoT device and the base station is called a device-to-reader (D2R) link or communication. The physical channel corresponding to R2D is PRDCH, and the physical channel corresponding to D2R is the Physical Device-to-Reader Channel (PDRCH).

[0071] Before receiving the PRDCH, the A-IoT device needs to obtain the start position of the PRDCH and the chip length of the OOK chip in the PRDCH. Therefore, before sending the PRDCH, please refer to... Figure 2 The network side needs to first send a time acquisition signal to the A-IoT device. This time acquisition signal includes a start-indicator part (SIP) and a clock-acquisition part (CAP). There is no time gap between the start-indicator part and the clock-acquisition part. The start-indicator part indicates to the A-IoT device the start position for receiving subsequent clock-acquisition parts and PRDCH, or indicates the start position for R2D transmission. The clock-acquisition part indicates the chip length of subsequent PRDCH and the start position of the PRDCH. The A-IoT device determines the start position and chip length of the PRDCH based on the clock-acquisition part, and then receives subsequent PRDCH. In this embodiment, the transmitted PRDCH can specifically be the data carried on the PRDCH.

[0072] exist Figure 1A In the communication system shown, the reader and A-IoT device can directly receive and transmit DL and UL data. The A-IoT device can directly connect to the reader and communicate bidirectionally. The communication content between the A-IoT device and the reader includes data and / or signaling. Figure 1A Another possible scenario is that one reader sends downlink data and / or signaling to an A-IoT device, while the A-IoT device sends uplink data and / or signaling to another reader. In this case, the downlink and corresponding uplink readers for the same service communication can be different readers.

[0073] Please refer to again Figure 1C , Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1C As shown, A-IoT devices and readers can also communicate indirectly through intermediate nodes by transmitting DL and UL data and / or signaling. The intermediate node can be considered a relay between the reader and the A-IoT device, supporting the ability to communicate with the A-IoT device. This intermediate node can also function as a reader itself.

[0074] In some embodiments, intermediate nodes may be relays, integrated access backhaul (IAB) nodes, user equipment (UE), repeaters (RP), etc.

[0075] The terminal equipment involved in this application is a user-side entity used to receive or transmit signals, and can provide voice and / or data to the user. The terminal equipment can be a terminal, user equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, user station, mobile station (MS), mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device. The terminals in the embodiments of this application may be mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, tablets, wireless data cards, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless modems, handsets, laptop computers, machine-type communication (MTC) terminals, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, vehicle-mounted terminals, roadside units (RSUs) with terminal functions, etc. The terminal in this application can also be an on-board module, on-board unit, on-board component, on-board chip, or on-board unit built into a vehicle as one or more components or units. Alternatively, the terminal can also be customer-premises equipment (CPE).

[0076] In this embodiment, the network device can be an access network (AN) device or a core network device, etc. The access network device can also be called a radio access network (RAN) device, or simply an access network. The access network is used to connect terminal devices to the wireless network. That is, the access network provides access services to terminal devices so that they can access (or access) the network. The access network can support both wired and wireless access.

[0077] Optionally, the access network consists of multiple AN / RAN nodes. AN / RAN nodes can include, but are not limited to: access points (APs), enhanced node Bs (eNBs), home evolved node Bs (HNBs), baseband units (BBUs), next-generation node Bs (gNBs), transmission reception points (TRPs), transmission points (TPs), or other access nodes, such as wireless relay nodes or wireless backhaul nodes. AN / RAN nodes can be one or more antenna panels, or network nodes constituting gNBs or transmission points, such as BBUs or distributed units (DUs), or devices performing RAN functions in communication systems such as D2D, V2X, M2M, and U2U. AN / RAN nodes can be radio controllers in cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenarios, open RAN (O-RAN or ORAN), or access networks in future communication systems, etc., without any limitations.

[0078] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0079] In some embodiments, the access network device may consist of a centralized unit (CU) and a DU. The CU can also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layers of the access network device. Some protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU, which is centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0080] In the embodiments of this application, the core network device can be a single device, including one or more network elements, or it can be multiple devices or a group of devices, each including all or part of the aforementioned one or more network elements. Network elements can be virtual or physical. The core network includes, for example, at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), and Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0081] In some embodiments, the reader, A-IoT device, and intermediate node can be referred to as a communication device, as can the network device and terminal device. It can be a general-purpose device or a special-purpose device, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit it.

[0082] The terminal device in this application can be a terminal as a final product, such as the various terminal devices mentioned above, or it can be a component or part with terminal functions, or it can be a circuit or chip (such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip or system-in-package (SIP) chip containing a modem core), chip system or processor that can be applied to the terminal to perform communication functions, or it can be a logical node, logical module or software that can implement all or part of the terminal functions.

[0083] The network device in this application can be a network device of a final product, such as the various network devices mentioned above, or it can be a component or part with network device functions, or it can be a communication chip (such as a processor, baseband chip, or chip system, etc.) that can be applied in a network device. The functions performed by the reader / writer and A-IoT device in this application, as well as the intermediate node, can be performed by devices (such as chips, chip systems, circuits, or means, etc.) inside these communication devices. The communication device in this application can be replaced with other devices to implement the corresponding methods.

[0084] Figure 1A and Figure 1C The number and types of communication devices included in the network architecture shown are merely examples, and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto. The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0085] The following embodiments can be applied to Figure 1A , Figure 1C The communication system shown, or part of the main body, but not limited to it. Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C The entities shown are illustrative; a communication system may include... Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C All or part of the main body, or may include Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 1C Other entities besides the main body, the number and form of each entity are arbitrary, each entity can be physical or virtual, the connection relationship between the entities is illustrative, the entities can be unconnected or connected, and the connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0086] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0087] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the relevant concepts involved in the embodiments of this application will be introduced first.

[0088] (1) Modulation and Demodulation. Modulation is the process of processing the information from the signal source and adding it to the carrier wave to transform it into a form suitable for channel transmission. Modulation methods can include multi-carrier modulation, single-carrier modulation, OOK modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, etc. Demodulation, sometimes referred to as detection, is the inverse process of modulation, recovering the original data bits or symbols from the signal.

[0089] OOK modulation is a special case of 2ASK modulation.

[0090] For example, OOK modulation can be implemented using multipliers and switching circuits. The carrier wave is switched on or off under the control of a digital signal of 1 or 0. When the digital signal is 1, the carrier wave is on, and there is carrier transmission on the transmission channel; when the digital signal is 0, no carrier wave is on, and there is no carrier transmission on the transmission channel. Therefore, the receiving end can determine whether the digital signal is 1 or 0 based on the detection of the presence or absence of a carrier wave.

[0091] When using OOK modulation, each bit (which can be an encoded bit) corresponds to a symbol (also called a chip). In one possible case, when a bit is 1, it indicates that a signal has been transmitted within the symbol length (i.e., the signal power within the symbol length is not 0), while when a bit is 0, it indicates that no signal has been transmitted within the symbol length (i.e., the signal power within the symbol length is 0). In another case, when a bit is 0, it indicates that a signal has been transmitted within the symbol length (i.e., the signal power within the symbol length is not 0), while when a bit is 1, it indicates that no signal has been transmitted within the symbol length (i.e., the signal power within the symbol length is 0).

[0092] In the embodiments of this application, bits can be replaced by symbols, modulation symbols, chips, segments, and pulses. OOK chips can also be replaced by OOK symbols, OOK segments, and OOK pulses. That is, symbol length can be replaced by chip length, segment length, pulse length, etc.

[0093] When OOK modulation is applied to communication systems, a high amplitude (or envelope, level, or energy, etc.) symbol (e.g., above a certain threshold, or non-zero) is called an OOK modulation symbol {1}, or an OOK modulation symbol on (ON), or an OOK modulation symbol passed, or simply an ON symbol; a low amplitude (or envelope, level, or energy, etc.) symbol (e.g., below a certain threshold, or zero) is called an OOK modulation symbol {0}, or an OOK modulation symbol off (OFF), or simply an OFF symbol. ON and OFF symbols can be collectively referred to as OOK symbols. The amplitude level is defined relative to the receiver's amplitude demodulation threshold; above the demodulation threshold is considered high amplitude, and below the demodulation threshold is considered low amplitude.

[0094] In the embodiments of this application, the state of each OOK chip can be described as high level or low level, or as ON or OFF, or as {1} or {0}, etc., without limitation. ON and {1}, as well as high level, all indicate that a signal is emitted, while OFF and {0}, as well as low level, all indicate that no signal is emitted.

[0095] (2) Envelope detection is a signal detection method that uses a high-frequency signal as input and obtains the envelope or amplitude line of the low-frequency original signal through a half-wave or full-wave rectifier circuit. The receiver uses the obtained envelope of the original signal, digitally samples it, and compares it with the amplitude or energy threshold set by the receiver to determine whether the transmitted signal is 1 or 0, that is, whether the signal is ON or OFF.

[0096] (3) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Discrete Fourier Transform Spreading OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM). OFDM technology converts a high-speed data stream into multiple parallel low-speed data streams through serial-to-parallel conversion, and then distributes them to several subcarriers of different frequencies for transmission. OFDM technology utilizes mutually orthogonal subcarriers, resulting in overlapping subcarrier spectra.

[0097] Taking an OFDM-based signal transmission method as an example, the receiving end follows the reverse process, which will not be explained in detail. Specifically, the transmitting end first performs channel-coded modulation on the signal, and then maps the frequency domain to obtain a signal suitable for transmission in the channel. Then, it performs OFDM modulation and sends it to the channel.

[0098] The channel coding modulation method can employ at least one of the aforementioned OOK modulation, QAM, PAM, PSK modulation, ASK modulation, BPSK modulation, etc., without limitation. OFDM modulation involves adding a cyclic prefix (CP) and performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). After OFDM modulation and before transmission to the channel, the signal can undergo a series of processing steps, such as transmission power adjustment. The receiving antenna performs a series of processing steps on the received signal, such as automatic gain control, to ensure that the receiver can properly process the signal.

[0099] DFT-s-OFDM is a derivative technology based on OFDM, featuring a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) characteristic for a single carrier. Furthermore, the process of transforming the time-domain signal to the frequency-domain signal and then mapping it back to the time-domain signal in DFT-s-OFDM facilitates waveform generation where one OFDM symbol carries multiple OOK symbols. Compared to OFDM-based signal transmission methods, DFT-s-OFDM-based signal transmission methods involve an additional DFT step on the channel-coded and modulated signal before frequency-domain mapping. DFT-s-OFDM processes the subcarriers used by each user, transforming them from the time domain to the frequency domain. Then, the frequency-domain signals from each user are OFDM modulated, thus transforming all user signals back to the time domain and transmitting them together. Through this DFT improvement, the signal returns from the frequency domain to the time domain. In other words, DFT-s-OFDM precodes the DFT-processed signal. In the protocol, DFT is referred to as "transform precoding." Precoding is used at the transmitting end to process data and can be divided into codebook-based precoding (predefined matrices or vectors) and non-codebook-based precoding. Generally, precoding is performed in units of resource blocks (RBs) or resource block groups (RBGs). It can be understood that precoding after channel coding and modulation and before frequency domain mapping can reduce system overhead, increase system capacity, and also reduce bit error rate and interference.

[0100] For example, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a DFT-s-OFDM data processing method provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the input N data symbols can be processed by DFT to obtain an N-point DFT. The output of the N-point DFT is mapped onto N subcarriers, and the mapped signal undergoes an M-point IFFT. The signal after IFFT is then sent out after adding a CP. Here, N can be the number of sampling points, and M can be the total number of high and low levels in an OFDM symbol.

[0101] like Figure 3 As shown, the IFFT outputs a symbol with a time domain length of 66.7 microseconds (µs). Adding 4.7µs results in a symbol with a time domain length of 4.7 + 66.7µs. Typically, a time domain symbol with added CP can be used as follows... Figure 2The 4.7 + 66.7 µs time-domain symbol shown can be considered a single OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the 66.7 µs time-domain symbol excluding the CP can also be considered a single OFDM symbol, because the CP needs to be removed at the receiver, and a symbol with a 66.7 µs time-domain length is used for data detection. Figure 3 In this process, the step of deleting N-point FFT is the generation process of OFDM, so DFT-s-OFDM is also a type of OFDM, and the symbol of DFT-s-OFDM in the time domain is also an OFDM symbol.

[0102] The introduction of CP enables sudden rising or falling edges in the OOK signal. If these sudden rising or falling edges are not removed (or discarded or not processed), they will cause false detections. Therefore, how to remove CP is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

[0103] For example, using Manchester encoding, please refer to... Figure 4 If the last OOK chip of the first OFDM symbol is low, and the first OOK chip of the second OFDM symbol is low, and the CP of the second OFDM symbol is copied from the tail of the second OFDM symbol (i.e., the last OOK chip), which is high, then the introduction of the CP will cause a sudden rising and falling edge between the last OOK chip of the first OFDM symbol and the first OOK chip of the second OFDM symbol.

[0104] In a Manchester encoding detection method, the previous edge is used as a reference time, and detection is performed at reference time +T and reference time +2T. Here, T is the chip length of an OOK chip. If an edge is detected at both reference time +T and reference time +2T, the current information bit is the same as the previous information bit; if no edge is detected at reference time +T but an edge is detected at reference time +2T, the current information bit is inverted compared to the previous information bit. For the last falling edge of the first OFDM symbol, as a reference time, without the introduction of CP, the device cannot detect an edge at reference time +T, but detects an edge at reference time +2T. Therefore, the first information bit of the second OFDM symbol is inverted compared to the previous information bit and is detected as bit "1". However, due to the introduction of CP, a false rising edge (or falling edge) that should not exist occurs, causing a false edge to be detected at the reference time +T. In accordance with the aforementioned detection method, the device will assume that the first information bit of the second OFDM symbol is the same as the previous information bit, and will mistakenly detect it as bit "0", making it difficult to receive the correct R2D data.

[0105] To avoid false detections caused by CP (Cumulative Pointer) errors, the receiver needs to remove the CP. 3GPP has discussed several CP handling methods. For example, in discussions about the radio physical layer, such as RAN1#116bis, a method was proposed to remove the CP using the last edge of each OFDM symbol as the reference clock. This method can be understood as a CP handling method #1. This method assumes that the number of clock sampling points for the OFDM symbol is N and the number of CP sampling points is N. CP The specific steps are as follows: The device detects the last edge of the current OFDM symbol. Starting from the beginning position of the OFDM symbol, the device samples and counts the edges up to the last edge within the OFDM symbol, obtaining N′ sampling points. The device samples the last edge according to N′ sampling points and determines the end position of the current OFDM symbol and the start position of the next OFDM symbol (including CP). Using the start position of the next OFDM symbol as a reference, the device samples N... CP The sampling points of each CP are sampled and counted, and the N obtained from the sampling are removed. CP Each CP sampling point. However, this CP removal scheme does not introduce additional power consumption or complexity to the device, and the device only needs sampling points from the last edge of the OFDM symbol to the end of the OFDM symbol. A-IoT devices can effectively implement CP removal.

[0106] For example, another CP handling method was proposed at the RAN1#120 meeting, which can be called CP handling method #2. This method proposes three candidate schemes, one of which (Candidate 3) suggests inserting one or more padding chips on the start and end OOK chips, or inserting padding chips on the end OOK chip. This scheme can be combined with CP handling method #1. When the number of high and low levels M in the OFDM symbol is large, such as M=24, it has a performance gain of 1-2 dB BR2D transmission compared to the method of only removing CP using CP handling method #1 without CP handling method #2. However, when the value of M is small, if padding chips are inserted into the OFDM symbol, the chip length of the padding chips needs to be inserted according to the chip length corresponding to the value of M in the PRDCH within the OFDM symbol. For example, when M=6, if two padding chips are inserted at the end position of the OFDM symbol, then two of the six OOK chips will not be used to carry the PRDCH, resulting in a loss of 2 / 6, or 33.3%, in actual data transmission efficiency.

[0107] Based on this, this application proposes a signal transmission method that can insert a fixed-length padding chip at the end of the OFDM symbol, which can reduce the overhead of the padding chip and improve data transmission efficiency.

[0108] The signal transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. The communication device involved in this signal transmission method may include a first communication device and a second communication device. The function performed by the first communication device in this application may be performed by a device in the first communication device (e.g., a chip, a chip system, a circuit, or a means, etc.). The function performed by the second communication device in this application may be performed by a device in the second communication device (e.g., a chip, a chip system, a circuit, or a means, etc.).

[0109] In some possible implementations, the first communication device can be a reader / writer, and the second communication device can be an A-IoT device. Alternatively, the first communication device can be an intermediate node. The system architecture of the reader / writer and the A-IoT device can be referenced. Figure 1A or Figure 1B or Figure 1C The description, intermediate nodes can be referred to Figure 1C The description will not be repeated here.

[0110] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a signal transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0111] S501, The first communication device adds the CP of the first OFDM symbol.

[0112] In the embodiments of this application, the first OFDM symbol may include M PRDCH chips. A PRDCH chip can be understood as a chip carrying data on a PRDCH. This PRDCH chip can be the aforementioned OOK chip, or a chip obtained through other modulation methods, without limitation. This application uses a PRDCH chip as an example. The PRDCH chip may be replaced with any other channel chip, such as the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a data chip or signaling chip, representing the chip in the OFDM symbol that actually transmits data and / or signaling.

[0113] This application uses a first OFDM symbol as an example. The first OFDM symbol can be one or more, or it can include other OFDM symbols, such as a second OFDM symbol. The second OFDM symbol can also have CP added, and can include M PRDCH chips and X padding chips, etc.

[0114] In this embodiment, the first OFDM symbol may further include X padding chips, each with a fixed chip length. The padding chips can be dedicated chips, not used to carry the PRDCH, or to carry the PRDCH data or bits. The fixed chip length of the X padding chips can be understood as the fixed chip length of each of the X padding chips. In some feasible implementations, the chip length of each of the X padding chips can be fixed to the chip length corresponding to K.

[0115] Where K can be the maximum value in the first set, and this application does not limit the size or number of values ​​in the first set. In some feasible implementations, the maximum value K in the first set can be 16, 24, or 32. That is, K is any one of the values ​​in the second set {16, 24, 32}. In some feasible implementations, the value of M belongs to the first set. That is, when K is the maximum value in the first set, M is less than or equal to K. The length of the PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the chip length of any padding chip in the first OFDM symbol.

[0116] In some feasible implementations, the chip length corresponding to K is the time length L of the first OFDM symbol divided by K. When M is less than K, it can be implemented according to the following feasible implementations:

[0117] In some feasible implementations, the chip length of each PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips is L1, where L1 is greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips. Alternatively, the chip lengths of the first M-1 chips in the M PRDCH chips are equal, L2, and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips, and the chip length L3 of the last PRDCH chip (the Mth PRDCH chip) in the M PRDCH chips is less than the chip length of one of the first M-1 PRDCH chips in the M PRDCH chips.

[0118] In other words, in one scenario, the chip length L1 of each PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips is divided evenly, resulting in a smaller chip length L compared to the PRDCH chip without the addition of X padding chips. The chip length of each PRDCH chip after adding X padding chips does not include the ratio of the chip length of the first OFDM symbol with X padding chips to M; that is, L1 can be (LX padding chip length) / M. This can be understood as reserving a region at the end of each OFDM symbol to add X padding chips.

[0119] In another case, the chip length of each PRDCH in the first M-1 PRDCH chip lengths L2 is not reduced compared to the chip length L of a PRDCH chip without the addition of X padding chips. Instead, the chip length of the last PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips, i.e., the Mth PRDCH chip, is reduced. L2 can be the ratio of the chip length L of the first OFDM symbol to M, i.e. L3 can be the chip length of the first OFDM symbol excluding the chip length of X padding chips and the first M-1 PRDCH chips; that is, L3 can be the chip length of L2-X padding chips. Here, L represents the symbol length of the OFDM symbol excluding CP.

[0120] In some feasible implementations, L2 can be equal to Where delta is the sum of the lengths of the X padding chips.

[0121] The ratio of M. delta can be understood as the error in the length of each PRDCH chip when adding X padding chips to produce M PRDCH chips.

[0122] When M = K, in some feasible implementations, the length of each of the M PRDCH chips is equal, and the chip length is L1, where L1 can be equal to... One of the X filler chips also has a chip length of L1. At this point, the first OFDM symbol contains (M+X) chips, with a chip length of L1.

[0123] In some feasible implementations, the length of the first OFDM symbol is the reciprocal of the subcarrier spacing. When the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, the length of the first OFDM symbol is 66.7 μs. In one implementation, when the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, the length or number of time units of the first OFDM symbol is expressed as 2048*z. When the first OFDM symbol has an OFDM symbol index of 0 or 7 within the subframe, the time length or number of time units of the CP is expressed as 144*z + 16*z. When the first OFDM symbol has an OFDM symbol index other than 0 or 7 within the subframe, the time length or number of time units of the CP is 144*z. In this case, when the length of the first OFDM symbol is 66.7 μs, when the first OFDM symbol has an OFDM symbol index of 0 or 7 within the subframe, the time length of the CP is 5.2 μs, and when the first OFDM symbol has an OFDM symbol index of 0 or 7 within the subframe, the time length of the CP is 4.7 μs.

[0124] In some feasible implementations, K is 16 or 24, and X = 2; or K is 32, and X = 3. In this way, the value of X can be determined based on the value of K.

[0125] In this embodiment, the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are located at the end of the first OFDM symbol. That is, the X padding chips of the OFDM symbol are located after the last PRDCH chip (the Mth PRDCH chip) of the OFDM symbol. There is no gap between the last PRDCH chip of the OFDM symbol and the X padding chips of the OFDM symbol; that is, the X padding chips are adjacent to the last PRDCH chip of the OFDM symbol.

[0126] In some feasible implementations, the chip length of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol is greater than or equal to the duration of the CP of the first OFDM symbol. For example, the chip length of each of the X padding chips can be an integer multiple of the CP length. Thus, after adding X padding chips to the OFDM symbol, the duration of the CP previously added to the OFDM symbol is less than the chip length of the X padding chips. This makes the X padding chips clearly distinguishable from the PRDCH chip length and ensures that the CP, after being copied from the end of the OFDM symbol, maintains the same voltage level, preventing erroneous rising and falling edges, which facilitates the removal of the CP and padding chips at the receiver.

[0127] It is understandable that by using X padding chips of fixed length, the chip lengths of the M PRDCH chips in the first OFDM symbol can be determined, thereby reducing the overhead of the padding chips and improving data transmission efficiency. This application does not limit the relationship between K and X corresponding to the chip lengths of the padding chips. When the chip length of the X padding chips is greater than or equal to the time length of the CP, the correspondence between X and K can be determined by the following formula: X * length of OFDM symbol / K >= time length of CP.

[0128] The length of the OFDM symbol can be 1 / subcarrier spacing. When the subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz, the length of the OFDM symbol is 1 / 15 kHz = 66.7 μs, and the CP time length can be 4.7 μs or 5.2 μs. Thus, when K is 16 or 24, X can be equal to 4, and when K is 32, X can be equal to 3. For example, please refer to... Figure 6A or Figure 6B K = 24, X = 2.

[0129] In some feasible implementations, the voltage levels of the X filler chips remain unchanged. For example, all X voltage levels of the X filler chips may be ON, all OFF, or all high or low.

[0130] In this embodiment, the voltage levels of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are the same as the voltage level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the voltage levels of the X padding chips of the first OOK chip are the same as the voltage level of the last PRDCH chip of the second OFDM symbol. The second OFDM symbol may be transmitted before and adjacent to the first OFDM symbol. That is, the voltage levels of the X padding chips of the OFDM symbol are the same as the voltage level of the first (start) PRDCH chip of the OFDM symbol, or the voltage level of the last (end) PRDCH chip of the preceding OFDM symbol adjacent to the first OFDM symbol.

[0131] Optionally, step S501 can use a DFT-s-OFDM signal generation method to generate the first OFDM symbol. For example, the bit sequence to be transmitted is modulated to obtain a modulation sequence; an N′-point DFT is performed on the modulation sequence, such that the number of points mapped by each PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips is N′ / M; the signal after DFT is truncated at the center Y points and padded with zeros on both sides to form N′ points, and an N′-point IFFT is performed; or the signal after DFT is padded with zeros on both sides to form N points, and an N-point IFFT is performed.

[0132] Where N≥N′. Before truncating the signal after DFT to the center Y points, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFTShift) can be performed on the signal after DFT, and then the center Y points can be truncated.

[0133] When M is less than or equal to K, each PRDCH chip in the first OFFM symbol includes L elements (or can be described as samples), and each of the X padding chips includes L1 elements (or can be described as samples). The number of points S in the DFT is M*L+X*L1. Here, L1 is the number of points S / K in the DFT, or the floor function of S / K. L is the floor function of (SS / K*L1 / M), or the floor function of L itself (SS / K*L1 / M), or the floor function of L itself (SS / K*L1 / M). Round up or round down.

[0134] For example, when K=24, M=6, the number of points S in the DFT is 192, and X=2. The value of L1 is equal to S / K=8, and the value of L is (192-8*2) / 6 rounded up to 30 and rounded down to 29. The number of samples in each of the 6 PRDCH chips of the first OFFM symbol is 29 or 30, and the sum is 192-8*2.

[0135] For example, when K=24, M=4, the number of points S in the DFT is 192, and X=2. The value of L1 is equal to S / K=8, and the value of L is (192-8*2) / 4, which equals 44. The number of samples in each of the four PRDCH chips of the first OFFM symbol is 44, and the total is 192-8*2.

[0136] Optionally, L is the ratio of the CP length to the OFDM symbol length multiplied by N′ and then rounded up or down. or

[0137] S502, the first communication device sends the first OFDM symbol and CP to the second communication device.

[0138] Correspondingly, the second communication device receives the first OFDM symbol and CP from the first communication device.

[0139] S503, the second communication device detects the first OFDM symbol and CP.

[0140] This application does not limit the method by which the second communication device detects the first OFDM symbol and CP; it can be envelope detection and demodulation, etc.

[0141] In some feasible implementations, the method may further include: a second communication device removing X padding chips and CP from the first OFDM symbol. For example, signal detection and envelope demodulation can be performed according to the chip length of X padding chips or according to the chip length of the PRDCH chip, etc., without limitation. In this way, X padding chips and CP can be removed from the first OFDM symbol, which is beneficial for receiving the data carried on the PRDCH chip.

[0142] Taking the first communication device as a BS chip and the second communication device as an A-IoT device as an example, the BS chip can send a first OFDM symbol and the CP of the first OFDM symbol to the A-IoT device. After receiving the first OFDM symbol and the CP of the first OFDM symbol sent by the BS chip, the A-IoT device can perform signal detection and envelope demodulation according to the chip length of the PRDCH chip, and can also remove X padding chips and the CP in the first OFDM symbol.

[0143] Understandable, Figure 5 In the illustrated method, a first communication device sends a first OFDM symbol and its CP (Content Component) to a second communication device. The first OFDM symbol comprises M PRDCH chips and X padding chips of fixed length. Therefore, after receiving the first OFDM symbol and CP, the second communication device can detect the first OFDM symbol and CP to receive the data carried on the PRDCH chips. This embodiment allows for the insertion of fixed-length padding chips at the end of the OFDM symbol, reducing padding chip overhead and improving data transmission efficiency.

[0144] The methods of the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above, and the apparatus of the embodiments of this application is provided below.

[0145] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device may include a transceiver unit 701 and a processing unit 702. The transceiver unit 701 may be a device with signal input (receiving) or output (transmitting) capabilities, used for signal transmission with other devices or other components within a device. The processing unit 702 may be a device with processing capabilities, including one or more processors, used for executing instructions (or code or programs), for example, processing communication protocols and communication data. This communication device may be a first communication device or a second communication device.

[0146] In one embodiment, when the communication device can be a first communication device, wherein:

[0147] Processing unit 702 is used to add the cyclic prefix CP of the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol;

[0148] Transceiver unit 701 is used to transmit the first OFDM symbol and the CP;

[0149] The first OFDM symbol includes M physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) chips and X padding chips. The X padding chips have a fixed length, and the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are located at the end of the first OFDM symbol. The voltage level of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol is the same as the voltage level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol. Alternatively, the voltage level of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol is the same as the voltage level of the last PRDCH chip of the second OFDM symbol. The second OFDM symbol is transmitted before the first OFDM symbol and is adjacent to the first OFDM symbol.

[0150] In some possible implementations, the chip length of each of the X fill chips is equal; the length of each of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips; or the chip length of each of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips, and the chip length of the last PRDCH chip of the M PRDCH chips is less than the chip length of one of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips.

[0151] In some possible implementations, the value of M belongs to the first set; the chip length of each of the X filler chips is the chip length corresponding to the maximum value K in the first set.

[0152] In some possible implementations, the chip length corresponding to K is the time length of the first OFDM symbol divided by K.

[0153] In some possible implementations, K is one of the following: 16, 24, 32.

[0154] In some possible implementations, K is 16 or 24, and X = 2; or K is 32, and X = 3.

[0155] In some possible implementations, the chip length of the X filler chips is greater than or equal to the time length of the CP.

[0156] Alternatively, in one embodiment, when the communication device can be a second communication device, wherein:

[0157] Processing unit 702 is used to receive a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and a cyclic prefix (CP) of the first OFDM symbol;

[0158] Transceiver unit 701 is used to detect the first OFDM symbol and the CP;

[0159] The first OFDM symbol includes M physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) chips and X padding chips. The X padding chips have a fixed chip length and are located at the tail of the first OFDM symbol.

[0160] The levels of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are the same as the level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol; or, the levels of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are the same as the level of the last PRDCH chip of the second OFDM symbol, wherein the second OFDM symbol is transmitted before the first OFDM symbol and is adjacent to the first OFDM symbol.

[0161] In some possible implementations, the processing unit 702 is further configured to remove X padding chips and the CP from the first OFDM symbol.

[0162] In some possible implementations, the chip length of each of the X fill chips is equal; the length of each of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips; or the chip length of each of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips, and the chip length of the last PRDCH chip of the M PRDCH chips is less than the chip length of one of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips.

[0163] In some possible implementations, the value of M belongs to the first set; the chip length of each of the X filler chips is the chip length corresponding to the maximum value K in the first set.

[0164] In some possible implementations, the chip length corresponding to K is the time length of the first OFDM symbol divided by K.

[0165] In some possible implementations, K is one of the following: 16, 24, 32.

[0166] In some possible implementations, K is 16 or 24, and X = 2; or K is 32, and X = 3.

[0167] In some possible implementations, the chip length of the X filler chips is greater than or equal to the time length of the CP.

[0168] The implementation of the above-mentioned transceiver unit 701 and processing unit 702 can be referred to Figure 5 The relevant descriptions of the method embodiments shown are not repeated here.

[0169] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, the communication device may include a processor 111. The processor 111, also referred to as a processing unit, can implement certain control functions. When the processor 111 runs, it causes the communication device to execute the functions described in this embodiment. Figure 5 Any method described.

[0170] like Figure 8 The communication device shown may further include a storage medium 112, which may also be referred to as a storage unit or a memory. Instructions 114 are stored on the storage medium 112. These instructions 114 can be executed on the processor 111, causing the communication device to perform the functions described in this embodiment. Figure 5 Any method described.

[0171] Optionally, the processor 111 may include instructions 113, which can be executed on the processor 111 to cause the communication device to perform the actions described in this embodiment. Figure 5 Any method described.

[0172] The communication device can be a first communication device or a second communication device, used to implement the method described in the method embodiments. However, the scope of the device described in this application is not limited thereto; the communication device can be a standalone device or part of a larger device. For example, the communication device can be:

[0173] (1) An independent integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem;

[0174] (2) A collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the collection of ICs may include a storage component for storing data and / or instructions;

[0175] (3) ASIC, such as modems;

[0176] (4) Modules that can be embedded in other devices.

[0177] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of this application. For ease of explanation, Figure 9 Only the main components of the terminal device are shown. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the terminal device includes a processor, memory, control circuitry, antenna, and input / output devices. The processor is primarily used to process communication protocols and data, control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process the data generated by those programs. The memory is mainly used to store software programs and data. The radio frequency (RF) circuitry is primarily used for converting baseband signals to RF signals and processing RF signals. The antenna is primarily used for transmitting and receiving RF signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input / output devices, such as touchscreens, displays, and keyboards, are primarily used to receive user input data and output data to the user.

[0178] When the terminal device is powered on, the processor can read the software program from the storage unit, parse and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency (RF) circuit. The RF circuit processes the baseband signal to obtain the RF signal and transmits the RF signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the terminal device, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna. This RF signal is further converted into a baseband signal and output to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal back into data and processes the data.

[0179] For ease of explanation, Figure 9 Only one memory and processor are shown. In actual terminal devices, multiple processors and memories may exist. Memory can also be called storage medium or storage device, etc., and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0180] In one embodiment, the antenna is used to perform the operations performed by the transceiver unit 701 in the above embodiments. The processor can be used to perform the operations performed by the processing unit 702 in the above embodiments.

[0181] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computer or processor, can implement the relevant steps in the signal transmission method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0182] This application also provides a computer program product including instructions that, when executed by a computer or processor, cause one or more steps in any of the above-described signal transmission methods to be performed. If the constituent modules of the aforementioned devices are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0183] This application provides a chip or chip system including at least one processor for calling and executing instructions stored in a memory, causing a communication device with the chip installed to perform any of the methods described above.

[0184] This application also provides a chip, including a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is used to call and execute instructions stored in the memory, causing a communication device on which the chip is installed to perform any of the above methods.

[0185] This application also provides a chip, including: an input interface, an output interface, and a processing circuit. The input interface, the output interface, and the processing circuit are connected via internal connection paths. The processing circuit is used to execute any of the methods described above. Optionally, the chip further includes a memory. The input interface, the output interface, the processor, and the memory are connected via internal connection paths. The processor is used to execute code in the memory. When the code is executed, the processor is used to execute any of the methods described above.

[0186] This application also provides a chip system including at least one processor and a communication interface. The communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected via a circuit. The at least one processor is used to run computer programs or instructions to perform any of the methods described above. This chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0187] This application also provides a communication system, which includes a first communication device and a second communication device, as detailed in the following description. Figure 5 The method shown.

[0188] It should be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid-state drive (SSD), ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be RAM, which is used as an external cache. Memory is any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code having an instruction or data structure form and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto. The memory in the embodiments of this application can also be a circuit or any other device capable of implementing a storage function for storing program instructions and / or data.

[0189] It should also be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, etc.

[0190] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) is integrated into the processor.

[0191] It should be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0192] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments provided herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0193] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0194] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0195] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0196] The steps in the methods of this application can be adjusted, combined, or deleted according to actual needs. Each step in each embodiment can be partially performed (for example, the communication device may not perform the steps performed by the communication device in the above embodiments). The execution order of different steps can be changed. The embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments, different embodiments can be combined with each other, and different steps of different embodiments herein can be combined.

[0197] The modules / units in the device of this application embodiment can be merged, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

[0198] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0199] In this application, it may refer to a communication protocol or specification, such as the 3GPP communication protocol.

[0200] In this application, unless otherwise specified, "at least one" means "one or more". Unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0201] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0202] In the embodiments of this application, "comprising" can refer to an inclusion relationship or an equality relationship. For example, A includes B, which could mean that A includes B and may also include other content, or that A and B are the same content. In some embodiments, "comprising A," "containing A," "used to indicate A," and "carrying A" can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0203] In the description of this application, "instruction" can include direct and indirect instructions, as well as explicit and implicit instructions. The information indicated by a certain piece of information is called the information to be instructed. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to instruct the information to be instructed. For example, the information to be instructed can be directly instructed, such as by instructing the information itself or its index. Alternatively, the information to be instructed can be indirectly indicated by instructing other information, where there is a relationship between the indicated other information and the information to be instructed. Another example is that only a part of the information to be instructed can be indicated, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. Furthermore, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (such as an agreement) arrangement of various pieces of information, thereby reducing the instruction overhead to some extent.

[0204] In some descriptions of this application, " / " indicates an "or" relationship between the objects before and after it. For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this application merely describes the relationship between the objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In other descriptions, " / " represents a division sign in arithmetic. For example, A / B can represent A ÷ B, that is, the ratio of A to B, or B divided by A. When there are parameters before and after " / ", " / " usually represents "or". When there are numerical values ​​of parameters before and after " / ", " / " usually represents a division sign. When " / " is preceded by "or", " / " usually represents "or". Whether " / " represents "or" or a division sign needs to be determined based on the specific statement.

[0205] In the embodiments of this application, the words "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the words "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0206] It is understood that in the description of this application, "when," "if," and "if" all refer to the device taking corresponding actions under certain objective circumstances, and are not limited to a specific time, nor do they require the device to perform a judgment action when it is implemented, nor do they imply any other limitations. In some embodiments, terms such as "in response to," "in response to determining," "in the case of," "when," "if," and "if..." can be used interchangeably.

[0207] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0208] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A signal transmission method, characterized in that, include: Add a cyclic prefix (CP) to the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol; Send the first OFDM symbol and the CP; The first OFDM symbol includes M physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) chips and X padding chips. The X padding chips have a fixed chip length and are located at the tail of the first OFDM symbol. The levels of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are the same as the level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol; or, the levels of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are the same as the level of the last PRDCH chip of the second OFDM symbol, wherein the second OFDM symbol is transmitted before the first OFDM symbol and is adjacent to the first OFDM symbol.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chip length of each of the X filler chips is equal; The length of each of the M PRDCH chips is equal, and is greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips; or The chip length of each PRDCH chip in the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X padding chips. The chip length of the last PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips is less than the chip length of one of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The value of M belongs to the first set; The chip length of each of the X filler chips is the chip length corresponding to the maximum value K in the first set.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chip length corresponding to K is the time length of the first OFDM symbol divided by K.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, K is one of the following: 16, 24, 32.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, K is 16 or 24, and X = 2; or K is 32, and X = 3.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The chip length of the X filler chips is greater than or equal to the time length of the CP.

8. A signal transmission method, characterized in that, include: Receive the first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and the cyclic prefix (CP) of the first OFDM symbol; Detect the first OFDM symbol and the CP; The first OFDM symbol includes M physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) chips and X padding chips. The X padding chips have a fixed chip length and are located at the tail of the first OFDM symbol. The levels of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are the same as the level of the first PRDCH chip in the first OFDM symbol; or, the levels of the X padding chips of the first OFDM symbol are the same as the level of the last PRDCH chip of the second OFDM symbol, wherein the second OFDM symbol is transmitted before the first OFDM symbol and is adjacent to the first OFDM symbol.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Remove X padding chips and the CP from the first OFDM symbol.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The chip length of each of the X filler chips is equal; The length of each of the M PRDCH chips is equal, and is greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X fill chips; or The chip length of each PRDCH chip in the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips is equal and greater than or equal to the chip length of one of the X padding chips. The chip length of the last PRDCH chip in the M PRDCH chips is less than the chip length of one of the first M-1 PRDCH chips of the M PRDCH chips.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, The value of M belongs to the first set; The chip length of each of the X filler chips is the chip length corresponding to the maximum value K in the first set.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The chip length corresponding to K is the time length of the first OFDM symbol divided by K.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, K is one of the following: 16, 24, 32.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, K is 16 or 24, and X = 2; or K is 32, and X = 3.

15. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that, The chip length of the X filler chips is greater than or equal to the time length of the CP.

16. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor, which, when running, causes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 to be performed.

18. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 to be performed.

19. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 to be performed.

20. A chip or chip system, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor for retrieving and executing instructions stored in a memory, causing a communication device equipped with a chip or chip system to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 15.

21. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes a first communication device and a second communication device, wherein the first communication device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the second communication device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 8 to 15.

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