A low altitude terminal QoS service method and system

Abstract

The application relates to the field of low-altitude communication, and particularly provides a low-altitude terminal QoS service method and system, which comprises the following steps: when a low-altitude terminal accesses, associating the low-altitude terminal and protecting the terminal identity through a temporary identity; acquiring uplink signals of the low-altitude terminal, respectively acquiring the arrival time of the uplink signals, sending the acquired arrival time data to a core network or a positioning server, cooperatively processing the arrival time data through a least square method, and calculating the positioning information of the unmanned aerial vehicle; determining the motion parameters of the low-altitude terminal based on the positioning information; determining the service density and the service type of the low-altitude terminal; and allocating corresponding QoS parameters to the low-altitude terminal based on the motion parameters, the service density and the service type. The application realizes the communication service guarantee of multiple terminals in a low-altitude scene, avoids the problem of difficult integration of heterogeneous networks, and also avoids the problem of increasing the cost of arranging heterogeneous network communication equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-altitude communication, and in particular to a method and system for providing QoS services for low-altitude terminals. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless networks provide efficient, high-quality, and secure services for low-altitude terminals (such as drones). The core of these services lies in network and scenario analysis and resource scheduling. Most existing technical solutions employ technologies such as low-altitude intelligent networks, aviation multi-mode converged communication systems, and drone self-organizing network relative positioning methods.

[0003] Firstly, in terms of network infrastructure, constructing a multi-layered network encompassing ground, air, and space to enable rich resource scheduling is expected to provide users in low-altitude scenarios with higher-quality network services. For example, one method proposes a low-altitude intelligent network architecture consisting of three layers: a service layer, a control layer, and a resource layer, by constructing a network scenario that integrates a ground core network with a communication satellite network, a mobile public network, and a dedicated aviation network. This architecture achieves overall network load balancing and ensures the overall performance and load balancing of the heterogeneous network subnetworks.

[0004] Secondly, through hardware terminal design, multi-network communication is achieved, enabling terminals in low-altitude scenarios to access services from multiple networks and platforms, thus achieving complementarity and scheduling of multi-network communication capabilities. For example, one method combines satellite communication technology, wireless ad hoc networking technology, differential high-precision positioning and navigation technology, aviation broadcast response technology, and 5G public network communication technology to design an aviation multi-mode communication airborne terminal, realizing the application requirements of high-precision positioning and navigation, real-time support communication, high-speed data transmission, and intelligent decision-making and command for aircraft.

[0005] Furthermore, by optimizing the design and resource scheduling of the wireless communication physical layer, such as improving time slot allocation efficiency and reducing terminal connection latency, the efficiency and quality of network communication can be guaranteed. For example, one method discloses a tethered drone management method that, by acquiring service time slot application requests sent by a drone and service time slot release requests sent by at least one second drone, determines the releasable time slots in the frame structure based on all service time slot release requests, and allocates the releasable time slots to the first drone, reducing the complexity of time slot allocation by the central station.

[0006] Although existing technical solutions have made significant progress in the reliability and security of communication in low-altitude scenarios, they still have some drawbacks and limitations.

[0007] First, some solutions aim to integrate multiple heterogeneous networks and schedule resources to provide services for low-altitude scenarios. However, these solutions involve multiple ground-based and aerospace communication operators, making integration and resource scheduling practically difficult. Second, some methods achieve multi-network communication, including satellite and public networks, through hardware terminal design. However, this requires deploying additional hardware, increasing costs and lacking widespread applicability and promotion in low-altitude scenarios. Third, some methods reduce the complexity of time slot scheduling in multi-UAV scenarios to ensure the efficiency and quality of the communication network. However, these methods fail to consider the diversity of UAV services and the complexity of scenarios, and cannot provide targeted services based on scenario security and service needs. Finally, some methods achieve relative positioning in multi-UAV network scenarios through UAV self-organizing networks to ensure the safety of low-altitude scenarios. However, the computational complexity of the distance squared matrix increases exponentially with the number of UAVs, making this method unsuitable for high-density low-altitude communication scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for providing QoS services for low-altitude terminals, comprising the following steps: When a low-altitude terminal accesses the network, it is associated with a temporary identity identifier to protect the terminal's identity. The uplink signal of the low-altitude terminal is acquired, and the arrival time of the uplink signal is acquired respectively. The acquired arrival time data is sent to the core network or positioning server. The arrival time data is processed collaboratively by the least squares method to calculate the positioning information of the UAV. The motion parameters of the low-altitude terminal are determined based on the positioning information. Determine the service density and service type of the low-altitude terminal; Based on the motion parameters, service density, and service type, assign corresponding QoS parameters to the low-altitude terminal.

[0009] In one optional implementation, associating the low-altitude terminal with a temporary identity includes: When the low-altitude terminal initiates an access request, a temporary identity identifier is generated, and the temporary identity identifier is associated with and stored with the access information of the low-altitude terminal. The temporary identity identifier is a randomly generated or a non-fixed identifier generated based on an encryption algorithm.

[0010] In one optional implementation, associating the low-altitude terminal with a temporary identity identifier includes confidentiality processing of the base station identity, including: During communication with the low-altitude terminal, the true identity information of the base station is hidden, and signaling related to the identity of the base station is transmitted through an encrypted channel. The true identity information includes the base station equipment identifier and geographical location information.

[0011] In one optional implementation, the uplink signal arrival time of the low-altitude terminal is received through multi-base station collaborative reception, including: Multiple base stations simultaneously measure the arrival time of the uplink signal of the low-altitude terminal and obtain their respective arrival time measurement values. Through a preset collaborative interface, the arrival time measurement values ​​of each base station are shared with the collaborative processing node for fusion processing of positioning-related parameters.

[0012] In one optional implementation, the process of keeping the base station identity confidential includes transmitting the identity credentials in an encrypted manner. After the core network completes the identity verification, it assigns a temporary session identifier to the low-altitude terminal and stores the temporary session identifier in association with the real identity of the low-altitude terminal. Communication between the base station and the low-altitude terminal is based on the temporary session identifier to keep the identity of the base station confidential. The aforementioned security measures for base station identities include airspace scenario security assessment and management, comprising the following steps: Assess whether the distance between low-altitude terminals meets the safety interval requirements; Assess whether the low-altitude terminal has entered a no-fly zone, restricted flight zone, or sensitive area; Assess whether the flight speed of the low-altitude terminal exceeds the limits of the preset airspace or its mission type; Assess whether the density of low-altitude terminals in the airspace exceeds the current communication and control capacity.

[0013] In one optional implementation, the fusion processing of positioning-related parameters includes collecting arrival time measurements from each base station and calculating the location coordinates of the low-altitude terminal using a positioning algorithm, including: The distance between each base station and the low-altitude terminal is determined based on the arrival time measurement value, and the location coordinates are calculated using a distance-based positioning algorithm, which includes the least squares method. The calculation of the flight speed and direction of the low-altitude terminal based on the position coordinates includes: Obtain the first position coordinates at a first moment and the second position coordinates at a second moment; calculate the coordinate difference between the second position coordinates and the first position coordinates, as well as the time interval between the second moment and the first moment; calculate the flight speed based on the coordinate difference and the time interval; determine the flight direction based on the direction vector of the coordinate difference.

[0014] In one optional implementation, the allocation of the corresponding QoS parameters includes dynamically allocating the corresponding 5G QoS identifier parameters: If the drone is in a high-density area and its flight speed is high-speed, regardless of whether it includes video streaming services, it is assigned a first-class 5QI value with high priority and low latency characteristics. If the drone includes video streaming services and is flying at a medium speed, allocate a second type of 5QI value for guaranteed bandwidth. If the UAV only contains low-speed control signaling services, assign a third type of 5QI value; The selection of the 5G QoS parameters is related to the service type, task urgency, security level requirements of the low-altitude terminal, as well as the current airspace congestion and interference levels; the core network can also allocate or adjust QoS parameters including but not limited to AMBR, ARP, and GBR. The dynamic adjustment of the 5G QoS parameters includes reducing the communication rate of a low-altitude terminal or triggering a high priority for alarm information transmission when it is sensed that the terminal is approaching a no-fly zone; and adjusting the 5G QoS to reduce latency or improve reliability, or limiting the total bandwidth when multiple drones are sensed flying densely.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides a low-altitude terminal QoS service system based on multi-base station collaborative sensing and scene security management, comprising: Multiple 5G base stations are used to monitor uplink signals emitted by drone terminals in the area, obtain the arrival time of the uplink signals respectively, and transmit the arrival time data to the core network; The core network, which is communicatively connected to the plurality of 5G base stations, is configured to perform the following steps: The system receives arrival time data sent by the multiple 5G base stations, processes the arrival time data collaboratively using the least squares method, and calculates the first coordinates of the drone terminal. After a preset time interval, the second coordinates of the drone terminal are calculated again using the arrival time data; Calculate the flight speed and flight direction of the UAV terminal based on the first coordinate and the second coordinate; Obtain the service type information of the drone terminal, the flight speed, and the drone density information in the current area; Based on the service type information, the flight speed, and the drone density information, corresponding 5G QoS identifier parameters are dynamically allocated to ensure the quality of service for the drone terminal.

[0016] In another aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: At least one memory stores computer-executable instructions non-transiently; At least one processor, configured to run the computer-executable instructions, The computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor to implement the low-altitude terminal QoS service method described above.

[0017] In another aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, implement the aforementioned low-altitude terminal QoS service method.

[0018] Effects of the invention: When a low-altitude terminal accesses the network, it is associated with a temporary identity identifier to protect its identity. The uplink signal of the low-altitude terminal is acquired, and the arrival time of the uplink signal is obtained. The acquired arrival time data is sent to the core network or positioning server. The arrival time data is processed collaboratively using the least squares method to calculate the UAV's positioning information. Based on the positioning information, the motion parameters of the low-altitude terminal are determined. The service density and service type of the low-altitude terminal are determined. Based on the motion parameters, service density, and service type, corresponding QoS parameters are allocated to the low-altitude terminal. This invention achieves communication service assurance for multiple terminals in low-altitude scenarios, avoiding the difficulty of integrating heterogeneous networks and the increased cost of deploying heterogeneous network communication equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a framework for a low-altitude terminal QoS service system based on multi-base station collaborative sensing and scene security management, as provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-base station and multi-UAV integrated sensing principle in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the electronic device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive convenience only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed mechanical connection, a detachable mechanical connection, or an integral part; or, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "coupling" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "coupling" can be a direct electrical connection, such as physical contact and electrical conduction between two components; it can also be understood as an electrical connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines capable of transmitting electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB), to transmit electrical signals; or, "coupling" can be an indirect electrical connection between two components through an intermediate medium; or, "coupling" can be an electrical connection between two components in a non-contact manner, such as an electrical connection between two components using capacitive coupling to transmit electrical signals.

[0023] In this embodiment of the invention, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," and "right" may be defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms can be relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a low-altitude terminal QoS service method, comprising the following steps: S1: When a low-altitude terminal accesses the network, a temporary identity identifier is used to associate the low-altitude terminal and protect the terminal's identity. S2: Obtain the uplink signal of the low-altitude terminal and determine the positioning information of the low-altitude terminal through a cooperative positioning algorithm; S3: Determine the motion parameters of the low-altitude terminal based on the positioning information; S4: Determine the service density and service type of the low-altitude terminal; S5: Determine and allocate corresponding QoS parameters based on the motion parameters, service density, and service type.

[0025] In the above embodiments, based on existing 5G base stations, the base stations possess a certain level of edge computing power. In low-altitude scenarios, when one or more drones request a communication connection, multiple base stations collaboratively sense the number and speed of drones through the UE uplink signal TOA, and use this as a criterion for scenario security management. That is, the core network allocates QoS parameters to each drone according to the airspace conditions, providing secure and confidential low-altitude terminal QoS services.

[0026] Example 2 like Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, based on Example 1, the steps provided in this embodiment of the invention include: The association of the low-altitude terminal with a temporary identity includes: When the low-altitude terminal initiates an access request, a temporary identity identifier is generated, and the temporary identity identifier is associated with and stored with the access information of the low-altitude terminal. The temporary identity identifier is a randomly generated or a non-fixed identifier generated based on an encryption algorithm.

[0027] In one optional implementation, the confidentiality processing of the base station identity includes: During communication with the low-altitude terminal, the true identity information of the base station is hidden, and signaling related to the identity of the base station is transmitted through an encrypted channel. The true identity information includes the base station equipment identifier and geographical location information.

[0028] In one optional implementation, the step of receiving the uplink signal arrival time of the low-altitude terminal through multi-base station collaborative reception includes: Multiple base stations simultaneously measure the time of arrival (TOA) of the uplink signal of the low-altitude terminal to obtain their respective TOA measurement values. Through a preset collaborative interface, the TOA measurement values ​​of each base station are shared with a collaborative processing node for the fusion processing of positioning-related parameters.

[0029] In one optional implementation, the positioning-related parameters include the TOA measurement values ​​of each base station, and the calculation of the location coordinates of the low-altitude terminal using a positioning algorithm includes: The distance between each base station and the low-altitude terminal is determined based on the TOA measurement value, and the location coordinates are calculated using a distance-based positioning algorithm, which includes the least squares method. The calculation of the flight speed and direction of the low-altitude terminal based on the position coordinates includes: Obtain the first position coordinates at a first moment and the second position coordinates at a second moment; calculate the coordinate difference between the second position coordinates and the first position coordinates, as well as the time interval between the second moment and the first moment; calculate the flight speed based on the coordinate difference and the time interval; determine the flight direction based on the direction vector of the coordinate difference.

[0030] The anonymous access request also carries an indication of the service type and / or QoS requirement expectation of the low-altitude terminal. The multi-base station collaborative sensing also includes using at least one or a combination of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), Angle of Arrival (AOA), and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to improve positioning and speed measurement accuracy together with TOA.

[0031] Specifically, the collaborative sensing also includes extracting and analyzing the signal characteristics of low-altitude terminals to help distinguish different low-altitude terminals and identify potential interference or malicious terminals.

[0032] Specifically, the collaborative sensing results also include signal quality information of each low-altitude terminal; the multiple base stations indirectly interact with sensing data through inter-base station interfaces or core networks to complete collaborative sensing.

[0033] Specifically, the identity credential is transmitted in an encrypted manner. After the core network completes the identity verification, it assigns a temporary session identifier to the low-altitude terminal and stores the temporary session identifier in association with the real identity of the low-altitude terminal. Subsequent communication between the base station and the low-altitude terminal is based on the temporary session identifier to keep the identity of the base station confidential. The airspace scenario safety assessment and management includes: Assess whether the distance between low-altitude terminals meets the safety interval requirements; Assess whether the low-altitude terminal has entered a no-fly zone, restricted flight zone, or sensitive area; Assess whether the flight speed of the low-altitude terminal exceeds the limits of the preset airspace or its mission type; Assess whether the density of low-altitude terminals in the airspace exceeds the current communication and control capacity.

[0034] The flight speed level is determined by the following: The flight speed is compared with a preset speed threshold range, and the flight speed level is divided according to the comparison result. The preset speed threshold range includes at least one speed threshold, and the flight speed level includes low speed level, medium speed level and high speed level.

[0035] The low-altitude terminal density level in the area is determined in the following way: The number of low-altitude terminals accessing the preset area within a preset statistical period is counted, and the number is compared with a preset density threshold range. The density level is divided according to the comparison result. The preset density threshold range includes at least one density threshold, and the density level includes low density level, medium density level and high density level.

[0036] The service type includes video streaming services, and the dynamic allocation of corresponding QoS level identifiers based on the service type includes: The uplink service data packets of the low-altitude terminal are detected, and it is determined whether they contain video streaming services based on the bit rate, latency requirements, or media type fields of the data packets; if they contain video streaming services, the service type is marked as a high real-time service type.

[0037] The dynamically allocated QoS level identifier includes: Based on a preset mapping relationship, the combination result of the flight speed level, density level, and service type is mapped to the corresponding QoS level identifier, which is the 5G QoS identifier 5QI; when at least one of the flight speed level, density level, or service type changes, the dynamic allocation step is re-executed to update the QoS level identifier.

[0038] Specifically, the QoS service strategy analysis also considers preset airspace priority rules. When there are too many low-altitude terminals in the airspace or there are potential conflicts, the QoS requirements of high-priority low-altitude terminals are guaranteed first.

[0039] Specifically, the allocation of corresponding QoS parameters includes dynamically allocated corresponding 5G QoS identifier parameters: If the drone is in a high-density area and its flight speed is high-speed, regardless of whether it includes video streaming services, it is assigned a first-class 5QI value with high priority and low latency characteristics. If the drone includes video streaming services and is flying at a medium speed, allocate a second type of 5QI value for guaranteed bandwidth. If the UAV only contains low-speed control signaling services, assign a third type of 5QI value; The selection of the 5G QoS parameters is related to the service type, task urgency, security level requirements of the low-altitude terminal, as well as the current airspace congestion and interference levels; the core network can also allocate or adjust QoS parameters including but not limited to AMBR, ARP, and GBR. The dynamic adjustment of the 5G QoS parameters includes reducing the communication rate of a low-altitude terminal or triggering a high priority for alarm information transmission when it is sensed that the terminal is approaching a no-fly zone; and adjusting the 5G QoS to reduce latency or improve reliability, or limiting the total bandwidth when multiple drones are sensed flying densely.

[0040] In the above embodiments, in low-altitude scenarios, one or more drones request communication connections. Multiple base stations collaboratively sense the number and speed of drones through the UE uplink signal TOA, and use this as a criterion for scenario security management. That is, the core network assigns QoS parameters to each drone based on airspace conditions, providing secure and confidential low-altitude terminal QoS services. An integrated sensing base station senses flight speed.

[0041] For a given base station, the time to arrival (TOA) t of the UE signal can be detected by the sounding reference signal (SRS) sent by the UE. Therefore, the distance from the UE to the base station is:

[0042] Assume there are N base stations (N≥3) around the drone, with coordinates (xi, yi), and the UE's unknown position is (x, y). The measured distances from the UE to each base station are di. Then:

[0043] When i=1, the above formula is:

[0044] Subtracting the two equations above, we get:

[0045] After unfolding, we get:

[0046] Right now:

[0047] The above equation can be expressed as Ax = b. Then, using the least squares method, we can find x = ... , making Minimum.

[0048] The current coordinates of the UE can then be represented as:

[0049] During adjacent communication periods T (the length of a radio frame is 10 milliseconds), two sets of UE coordinates were measured as follows: and Then the flight speed of the UE is:

[0050] Flight direction:

[0051] Therefore, during the process of the drone querying the base station for access information, each base station obtains the TOA (Time of Arrival). Through inter-base station communication, the master base station calculates the drone's position, flight speed, and flight angle, and reports this information to the core network. This method has low computational complexity and can be completed at the base station side.

[0052] Suppose that in a certain area there are 3 drones (as user equipment, UE1, UE2, and UE3), one master base station (MasterNode, MN), and two slave base stations (SecondaryNode, SN1 and SN2).

[0053] Each drone accesses the network through the main base station and obtains a temporary identifier. The main base station communicates with the core network and assigns a unique 5G-GUTI to each drone. The main base station also assigns a Cell-RNTI (e.g., C-RNTI_1, C-RNTI_2, C-RNTI_3) to each drone.

[0054] Each drone establishes a primary connection with the main base station. Simultaneously, each drone also establishes auxiliary connections with two secondary base stations.

[0055] Each drone sends uplink signals to all three base stations (1 master base station and 2 slave base stations). Each signal contains the drone's C-RNTI. All base stations (master and slave base stations) perform TOA measurements on the received signals.

[0056] Two slave base stations report their TOA measurement results to the master base station via the Xn interface. The report includes the corresponding C-RNTI for each measurement result so that the master base station can distinguish the data from different drones.

[0057] The master base station collects its own TOA (Time of Arrival) measurement results as well as TOA measurement results received from the two slave base stations. The master base station uses this data to perform triangulation calculations for each drone.

[0058] The UAV should make two consecutive access request communications with the aforementioned base station. The current positioning calculation result is compared with the previous positioning result. Based on the three-point positioning speed measurement method proposed in this method, the current flight speed of the UAV is calculated.

[0059] The master base station reports the calculated location and speed information to the core network. When reporting to the core network, the master base station uses the 5G-GUTI of each drone instead of C-RNTI.

[0060] The core network assigns initial QoS parameters, including 5QI, to each UAV based on speed and density information.

[0061] The core network may adjust QoS parameters based on updated speed information.

[0062] Throughout the process, the drone's permanent identity (SUPI) remains encrypted. The base station uses only temporary identifiers (C-RNTI and 5G-GUTI) for communication and identification. Only the core network can associate the 5G-GUTI with the actual user identity.

[0063] The base station distinguishes signals from different drones using different C-RNTIs. When processing TOA measurement results, the main base station can correctly associate the data with the corresponding drone based on the C-RNTI.

[0064] This communication mechanism not only ensures accurate multi-drone positioning but also provides differentiated quality of service based on the real-time flight status of each drone. High-speed drones receive higher priority network resources, ensuring timely transmission of control commands, thereby improving flight safety and control precision. Meanwhile, for low-speed drones, the network still provides sufficient quality of service but can utilize network resources more efficiently.

[0065] This dynamic QoS adjustment mechanism fully demonstrates the flexibility of 5G networks and their deep support for vertical industries. It allows the network to perform fine-grained resource allocation based on real-time application needs, thereby improving overall network efficiency while ensuring the performance of critical services.

[0066] The base station identifies the 5QI of packet data. The base station's data offloading module checks the 5QI of the packets to determine how to route them, offloading public network service data from local V2X service data based on different 5QI values. As shown in the diagram, the data offloading module is located on the base station BBU side, offloading V2X packets from the uplink GTP tunnel and receiving downlink data processed by the V2X server. The 5QI values ​​mentioned in the document provide different quality of service parameters to support various applications and scenarios. For drone services, especially tasks requiring high reliability and low latency, the following 5QI values ​​are particularly relevant: 5QI = 3, 70, 79, 82, 85, 86: These 5QI values ​​are suitable for real-time gaming, V2X messaging, mission-critical data, and low-latency applications. Drone operations typically require high real-time performance and low latency to ensure rapid response to command and control signals, reduce delays, and avoid collisions.

[0067] 5QI = 82-86: These values ​​are particularly suitable for latency-sensitive GBR services, with very low latency budgets and high packet error rate tolerance (e.g., 10^-4 to 10^-5), making them ideal for high-precision control and sensor data transmission in UAVs.

[0068] 5QI=89,90: These values ​​relate to cloud / edge rendering of visual content and are highly relevant to remote real-time video transmission from drones, especially in scenarios requiring high bandwidth and low latency.

[0069] Overall, the 5QI values ​​defined in the document provide broad QoS support for drone services to meet their stringent requirements in terms of real-time performance, reliability, and low latency.

[0070] By leveraging the slicing capabilities of 5G networks, the communication services of drones in low-altitude scenarios can be split into video streaming services and command services.

[0071] Based on the flight speed and density of drones sensed by the integrated sensing base station within a 1km range, a 5QI scheduling strategy is designed for low-altitude economic scenarios. For low-altitude scenarios without video backhaul, the 5QI scheduling strategy is specifically as follows: Drones are classified as low-speed if their flight speed is ≤10m / s, medium-speed if their flight speed is greater than 10m / s but less than 20m / s, and high-speed if their flight speed is >20m / s.

[0072] Within a designated community (1km²), a density of ≤10 drones / km² is considered low density, >10 / km² < density ≤20 drones / km² is considered medium density, and >20 drones / km² is considered high density.

[0073] In low-altitude operational scenarios, when the drone's flight speed and density are low, the safety risks of the mission are low, and a certain degree of command delay is permissible. Therefore, in this scenario, if only control command transmission is involved, a 5QI value of 79 is used, allowing for a communication delay of 50ms and a packet error rate of 10⁻². If video information return transmission is included, a 5QI value of 90 is used, allowing for a communication delay of 20ms, a packet error rate of 10⁻⁴, and a maximum data burst size of 63,000 bytes.

[0074] In low-altitude operational scenarios, when the drone's flight speed is medium and flight density is low, or vice versa, the safety risks of the mission are relatively low, and a certain degree of command delay is permissible. Therefore, in this scenario, if only control command transmission is involved, a 5QI value of 3 is used, allowing for a communication delay of 50ms and a packet error rate of 10⁻³. If video information return transmission is included, a 5QI value of 90 is used, allowing for a communication delay of 20ms, a packet error rate of 10⁻⁴, and a maximum data burst size of 63,000 bytes.

[0075] In low-altitude operational scenarios, when the drone's flight speed and density are medium, or low and high, or high and low, the safety risk of the mission is moderate, and certain requirements are placed on command latency. Therefore, in this scenario, if only control command transmission is involved, a 5QI value of 82 is used, allowing for a communication latency of 10ms and a packet error rate of 10⁻⁴. If video information return transmission is included, a 5QI value of 89 is used, allowing for a communication latency of 15ms, a packet error rate of 10⁻⁴, and a maximum data burst size of 17,000 bytes.

[0076] In low-altitude operational scenarios, when the drone's flight speed is high and the flight density is medium, or vice versa, the safety risks of the mission are relatively high, and there are further requirements for command latency. Therefore, this scenario calls a 5QI value of 85, allowing a communication latency of 5ms and a packet error rate of 10⁻⁴, and does not provide video return services.

[0077] In low-altitude operational scenarios, where drones fly at high speeds and with high density, the safety risks are extremely high, and there are stricter requirements for command latency. Therefore, this scenario uses a 5QI value of 85, allowing for a communication latency of 5ms and a packet error rate of 10⁻⁵, and does not provide video return services.

[0078] Example 3 like Figure 2 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment of the invention provides a low-altitude terminal QoS service system based on multi-base station collaborative sensing and scene security management, including: Multiple 5G base stations are used to monitor uplink signals emitted by drone terminals in the area, obtain the arrival time of the uplink signals respectively, and transmit the arrival time data to the core network; The core network, which is communicatively connected to the plurality of 5G base stations, is configured to perform the following steps: The system receives arrival time data sent by the multiple 5G base stations, processes the arrival time data collaboratively using the least squares method, and calculates the first coordinates of the drone terminal. After a preset time interval, the second coordinates of the drone terminal are calculated again using the arrival time data; Calculate the flight speed and flight direction of the UAV terminal based on the first coordinate and the second coordinate; Obtain the service type information of the drone terminal, the flight speed, and the drone density information in the current area; Based on the service type information, the flight speed, and the drone density information, corresponding 5G QoS identifier parameters are dynamically allocated to ensure the quality of service for the drone terminal.

[0079] Example 4 Figure 4 A block diagram of an exemplary electronic device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present invention is shown.

[0080] The electronic device may include a central processing unit / microprocessor / main control chip, etc. 4; and a storage medium 5, coupled to the central processing unit / microprocessor / main control chip, etc. 4, and storing computer-executable instructions therein for performing the steps of various methods of embodiments of the present invention when executed by the processor.

[0081] The central processing unit / microprocessor / main control chip, etc., can include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or microprocessors.

[0082] Storage medium 5 may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, computer storage media (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, solid-state drive, removable disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, Blu-ray disc, etc.).

[0083] In addition, the electronic device may also include (but is not limited to) a data bus 6, an input / output bus / external bus / device bus 7, a display 8, and input / output devices 9 (e.g., keyboard, mouse, speaker, etc.).

[0084] The central processing unit / microprocessor / main control chip, etc. 4 can communicate with external devices (8, 9, etc.) via I / O bus 7 through wired or wireless network (not shown).

[0085] The storage medium 5 may also store at least one computer-executable instruction for performing the steps of various functions and / or methods in the embodiments described herein when the central processing unit / microprocessor / main control chip, etc., 4 is running.

[0086] In one embodiment, the at least one computer-executable instruction may also be compiled into or comprise a software product, wherein one or more computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor to perform the steps of the various functions and / or methods in the embodiments described herein.

[0087] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0088] like Figure 5As shown, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium 11 stores instructions, such as computer-readable instructions 10. When the computer-readable instructions 10 are executed by a processor, the various methods described above can be performed. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. Non-transitory non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium 11 can be connected to a computing device such as a computer, and then, when the computing device executes the computer-readable instructions 10 stored on the computer-readable storage medium 11, the various methods described above can be performed.

[0089] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0090] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0091] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0092] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for executing all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention through a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.). The aforementioned storage medium includes: USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, optical disks, and other media capable of storing program code.

[0093] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for providing QoS services for low-altitude terminals, characterized in that, include: When a low-altitude terminal accesses the network, it is associated with a temporary identity identifier to protect the terminal's identity. The uplink signal of the low-altitude terminal is acquired, and the arrival time of the uplink signal is acquired respectively. The acquired arrival time data is sent to the core network or positioning server. The arrival time data is processed collaboratively by the least squares method to calculate the positioning information of the UAV. The motion parameters of the low-altitude terminal are determined based on the positioning information. Determine the service density and service type of the low-altitude terminal; Based on the motion parameters, service density, and service type, assign corresponding QoS parameters to the low-altitude terminal.

2. The low-altitude terminal QoS service method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The association of the low-altitude terminal with a temporary identity includes: When the low-altitude terminal initiates an access request, a temporary identity identifier is generated, and the temporary identity identifier is associated with and stored with the access information of the low-altitude terminal. The temporary identity identifier is a randomly generated or a non-fixed identifier generated based on an encryption algorithm.

3. The low-altitude terminal QoS service method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The association of the low-altitude terminal with a temporary identity includes confidentiality processing of the base station's identity, including: During communication with the low-altitude terminal, the true identity information of the base station is hidden, and signaling related to the identity of the base station is transmitted through an encrypted channel. The true identity information includes the base station equipment identifier and geographical location information.

4. The low-altitude terminal QoS service method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The uplink signal arrival time of the low-altitude terminal is received through multi-base station collaborative reception, including: Multiple base stations simultaneously measure the arrival time of the uplink signal of the low-altitude terminal and obtain their respective arrival time measurement values. Through a preset collaborative interface, the arrival time measurement values ​​of each base station are shared with the collaborative processing node for fusion processing of positioning-related parameters.

5. A low-altitude terminal QoS service method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The process of keeping the base station's identity confidential includes transmitting the identity credentials in an encrypted manner. After the core network completes the identity verification, it assigns a temporary session identifier to the low-altitude terminal and stores the temporary session identifier in association with the real identity of the low-altitude terminal. Communication between the base station and the low-altitude terminal is based on the temporary session identifier to keep the base station's identity confidential. The aforementioned security measures for base station identities include airspace scenario security assessment and management, comprising the following steps: Assess whether the distance between low-altitude terminals meets the safety interval requirements; Assess whether the low-altitude terminal has entered a no-fly zone, restricted flight zone, or sensitive area; Assess whether the flight speed of the low-altitude terminal exceeds the limits of the preset airspace or its mission type; Assess whether the density of low-altitude terminals in the airspace exceeds the current communication and control capacity.

6. The low-altitude terminal QoS service method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fusion processing of the positioning-related parameters includes collecting arrival time measurements from each base station and calculating the location coordinates of the low-altitude terminal using a positioning algorithm, including: The distance between each base station and the low-altitude terminal is determined based on the arrival time measurement value, and the location coordinates are calculated using a distance-based positioning algorithm, which includes the least squares method. Calculating the flight speed and direction of the low-altitude terminal based on the location coordinates includes: Obtain the first position coordinates at a first moment and the second position coordinates at a second moment; calculate the coordinate difference between the second position coordinates and the first position coordinates, as well as the time interval between the second moment and the first moment; calculate the flight speed based on the coordinate difference and the time interval; determine the flight direction based on the direction vector of the coordinate difference.

7. A low-altitude terminal QoS service method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The QoS parameters corresponding to the allocation include the dynamically allocated 5G QoS identifier parameters: If the drone is in a high-density area and its flight speed is high-speed, regardless of whether it includes video streaming services, it is assigned a first-class 5QI value with high priority and low latency characteristics. If the drone includes video streaming services and is flying at a medium speed, allocate a second type of 5QI value for guaranteed bandwidth. If the UAV only contains low-speed control signaling services, assign a third type of 5QI value; The selection of the 5G QoS parameters is related to the service type, task urgency, security level requirements of the low-altitude terminal, as well as the current airspace congestion and interference levels; the core network can also allocate or adjust QoS parameters including but not limited to AMBR, ARP, and GBR. The dynamic adjustment of the 5G QoS parameters includes reducing the communication rate of a low-altitude terminal or triggering a high priority for alarm information transmission when it is sensed that the terminal is approaching a no-fly zone; and adjusting the 5G QoS to reduce latency or improve reliability, or limiting the total bandwidth when multiple drones are sensed flying densely.

8. A low-altitude terminal QoS service system, characterized in that, include: Multiple 5G base stations are used to monitor uplink signals emitted by drone terminals in the area, obtain the arrival time of the uplink signals respectively, and transmit the arrival time data to the core network; The core network, which is communicatively connected to the plurality of 5G base stations, is configured to perform the following steps: The system receives arrival time data sent by the multiple 5G base stations, processes the arrival time data collaboratively using the least squares method, and calculates the first coordinates of the drone terminal. After a preset time interval, the second coordinates of the drone terminal are calculated again using the arrival time data; Calculate the flight speed and flight direction of the UAV terminal based on the first coordinate and the second coordinate; Obtain the service type information of the drone terminal, the flight speed, and the drone density information in the current area; Based on the service type information, the flight speed, and the drone density information, corresponding 5G QoS identifier parameters are dynamically allocated to ensure the quality of service for the drone terminal.

9. An electronic device, comprising: At least one memory stores computer-executable instructions non-transiently; At least one processor, configured to run the computer-executable instructions, The computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor to provide a low-altitude terminal QoS service method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, implement a low-altitude terminal QoS service method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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