Display panel, preparation method thereof and display device

Abstract

This invention discloses a display panel and its fabrication method, as well as a display device, relating to the field of display technology. The display panel includes a stacked driving substrate, a pixel definition layer, an organic electroluminescent layer, and an encapsulation layer. The pixel walls of the pixel definition layer are composed of hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, and a driving element is disposed at each pixel wall. Each light-emitting unit in the organic electroluminescent layer has a light-transmitting isolation layer on both sides, and a gap exists between any adjacent light-transmitting isolation layer and the pixel wall. The encapsulation layer encloses multiple closed cavities filled with a polar solution, including iodine molecules. When the driving element is de-energized, the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica adsorbs iodine molecules, causing the pixel walls to be in a light-blocking state. When the driving element is energized, the iodine molecules desorb, causing the pixel walls to be in a transparent state. The technical solution provided by this invention enables the display panel to dynamically switch between wide-viewing-angle and narrow-viewing-angle modes under different usage scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display panel, its manufacturing method, and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display technology, with its self-emissive characteristics, high contrast, wide color gamut, and excellent flexibility, has been widely used in smartphones, automotive displays, AR / VR headsets, and other fields. However, existing OLED display panels have significant shortcomings in the active control of viewing angles. Specifically, the pixel definition layer, which isolates pixels, is usually composed of a fixed photoresist material. Its physical structure and light-blocking properties are fixed after the panel manufacturing process is completed, and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the external environment or user needs. This makes it difficult for display devices to flexibly switch between wide and narrow viewing angle modes in different usage scenarios, resulting in a relatively poor user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to propose a display panel and its manufacturing method, as well as a display device, which aims to enable the display panel to dynamically switch between wide-viewing-angle and narrow-viewing-angle modes under different usage scenarios, thereby improving the user experience.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a display panel comprising: The driving substrate has multiple sub-pixel areas arranged in an array. A pixel definition layer is disposed on the driving substrate, including a plurality of pixel barriers spaced apart, two adjacent pixel barriers defining the sub-pixel region, the pixel barriers including hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, and a driving element disposed at each pixel barrier. An organic electroluminescent layer includes multiple light-emitting units, one of which corresponds to one of the sub-pixel regions and is disposed on the driving substrate. Each of the light-emitting units has a light-transmitting isolation layer on both sides, and there is a gap between any adjacent light-transmitting isolation layer and the pixel barrier. An encapsulation layer is disposed on the pixel definition layer and together with the pixel barrier, the light-transmitting isolation layer and the driving substrate, forms a plurality of closed cavities. The cavities are filled with a polar solution, which includes iodine molecules. When the driving component is de-energized, the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica adsorbs the iodine molecules, so that the pixel barrier is in a light-blocking state. When the driving device is energized, the iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, so that the pixel barrier appears transparent.

[0005] In one embodiment, the driving element is a heating element, and when the heating element is energized and heated, the iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica.

[0006] In one embodiment, the desorption temperature of the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is 50°C to 80°C; and / or, the pore size of the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is 2 nm to 10 nm; and / or, the specific surface area of ​​the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is not less than 500 nm. 2 / g.

[0007] In one embodiment, the polar solution further includes a polar solvent, and the driving element includes a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, which are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the pixel barrier; when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the polar solvent is driven into the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica to displace the iodine molecules.

[0008] In one embodiment, the barrier wall includes multiple layers of mesoporous silica film and multiple layers of dense silica isolation layer, which are alternately stacked. The mesoporous silica film layer includes hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. The mesoporous channels of two adjacent layers of the mesoporous silica film are staggered.

[0009] In one embodiment, the pixel barrier includes: An anchoring layer is fixed to the drive base plate; The first electrode layer is disposed on the anchoring layer; A piezoelectric material layer is disposed on the first electrode layer; A second electrode layer is disposed on the piezoelectric material layer; A cantilever beam includes a mounting portion and a free portion. The mounting portion is disposed on the second electrode layer. One end of the free portion is fixed to the mounting portion on the side facing the receiving cavity, and the other end extends obliquely toward the driving substrate. The retaining wall body includes a first retaining wall portion and a second retaining wall portion that are movably connected. The end of the first retaining wall portion away from the second retaining wall portion is movably connected to the end of the free portion away from the mounting portion. The end of the second retaining wall portion away from the first retaining wall portion is movably connected to the anchoring layer. Both the cantilever beam and the retaining wall body are composed of hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica; When a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the piezoelectric material layer undergoes expansion and contraction along the length of the cantilever beam, causing the cantilever beam to bend toward or away from the receiving cavity, thereby changing the angle between the first retaining wall portion and the second retaining wall portion.

[0010] In one embodiment, the heights of the barrier bodies in at least three adjacent pixel barriers are different; and / or, The heights of the main body of the at least three adjacent pixel barriers are 1μm~2μm, 2μm~3μm, and 3μm~4μm, respectively.

[0011] This invention also proposes a method for manufacturing a display panel, comprising the following steps: A driving substrate is prepared, wherein the driving substrate is provided with a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array; A pixel barrier is fabricated on the driving substrate at intervals between two adjacent sub-pixel regions using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, and a driving element is fabricated at the pixel barrier. A light-emitting unit is prepared on the driving substrate corresponding to one of the sub-pixel areas, and a light-transmitting isolation layer is prepared on both sides of each light-emitting unit, so that a gap is reserved between any adjacent light-transmitting isolation layer and the pixel barrier. Fill each of the gaps with a polar solution containing iodine molecules; An encapsulation layer is prepared on the pixel barrier, and the encapsulation layer closes the gap to form a closed accommodating cavity.

[0012] In one embodiment, the step of fabricating pixel barriers on the driving substrate using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica corresponding to the spacing between two adjacent sub-pixel regions includes: An anchoring layer is prepared on the driving substrate at intervals corresponding to two adjacent sub-pixel regions; A first electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a second electrode layer are sequentially stacked on at least a portion of the surface of the anchor plate. A cantilever beam is fabricated on the surface of the second electrode layer using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. The cantilever beam includes a mounting portion and a free portion. The mounting portion is disposed on the second electrode layer. One end of the free portion is fixed to the mounting portion on the side facing the accommodating cavity, and the other end extends obliquely toward the driving substrate. The retaining wall body is prepared by using hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica. The retaining wall body includes a first retaining wall part and a second retaining wall part that are movably connected. The end of the first retaining wall part away from the second retaining wall part is movably connected to the end of the free part away from the mounting part. The end of the second retaining wall away from the first retaining wall is movably connected to the anchoring layer.

[0013] The present invention also proposes a display device, the display device comprising a display panel as described above, or a display panel prepared by the above-described method for preparing a display panel.

[0014] In the technical solution provided by this invention, a pixel barrier composed of hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is set on the driving substrate. Utilizing the high specific surface area (hydrophobicity) of the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica, the pixel barrier efficiently adsorbs iodine molecules within the accommodating cavity through physical adsorption when the driving device is powered off. During adsorption, the iodine molecules form a charge-transfer complex with the silanol groups on the surface of the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. This complex exhibits a deep black, light-blocking state, effectively blocking the light path between adjacent sub-pixels, thereby narrowing the light emission angle of the pixel and achieving a narrow viewing angle (i.e., privacy mode). When the driving device is powered on, the adsorbed iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, causing the pixel barrier to return to a transparent state, removing the physical obstruction of the light path, expanding the visible range of the pixel, and achieving a wide viewing angle (i.e., sharing mode). Furthermore, because the encapsulation layer, pixel barrier, light-transmitting isolation layer, and driving substrate enclose a closed accommodating cavity, it ensures that the polar solution containing iodine molecules does not leak or evaporate, maintaining the stability of the optical control environment. The technical solution of this invention utilizes the reversible adsorption-desorption mechanism of iodine molecules in hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. Without changing the physical morphology of the pixel definition layer, it achieves dynamic switching between wide-angle and narrow-angle viewing angles simply by changing the optical transmittance of the barrier, effectively solving the problem in the prior art where the viewing angle cannot be dynamically adjusted due to the fixed structure of the pixel definition layer. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the display panel provided by the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of another embodiment of the display panel provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the display panel provided by the present invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified cross-sectional view of the medium-pixel barrier structure.

[0017] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. Display panel; 1. Driving substrate; 2. Pixel definition layer; 21. Pixel barrier; 211. Mesoporous silica film layer; 212. Dense silica isolation layer; 213. Anchoring layer; 2131. Support part; 2132. Connecting part; 214. First electrode layer; 215. Piezoelectric material layer; 216. Second electrode layer; 217. Cantilever beam; 2171. Mounting part; 2172. Free part; 218. Barrier body; 2181. First barrier part; 2182. Second barrier part; 3. Organic electroluminescent layer; 31. Light-emitting unit; 311. Pixel anode layer; 312. Light-emitting layer; 313. Pixel cathode layer; 32. Light-transmitting isolation layer; 4. Encapsulation layer; 41. Receptacle cavity; 5. Polar solution.

[0018] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0022] Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display technology, with its self-emissive characteristics, high contrast, wide color gamut, and excellent flexibility, has been widely used in smartphones, automotive displays, AR / VR headsets, and other fields. However, existing OLED display panels have significant shortcomings in the active control of viewing angles. Specifically, the pixel definition layer, which isolates pixels, is usually composed of a fixed photoresist material. Its physical structure and light-blocking properties are fixed after the panel manufacturing process is completed, and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the external environment or user needs. This makes it difficult for display devices to flexibly switch between wide and narrow viewing angle modes in different usage scenarios, resulting in a relatively poor user experience.

[0023] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a display panel.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, the display panel 100 includes: The driving substrate 1 has multiple sub-pixel areas arranged in an array. The pixel definition layer 2 is disposed on the driving substrate 1 and includes a plurality of pixel barriers 21 spaced apart. Two adjacent pixel barriers 21 define a sub-pixel area. The pixel barriers 21 include hydrophobically modified mesoporous silicon dioxide, and each pixel barrier 21 is provided with a driving element (not shown). The organic electroluminescent layer 3 includes multiple light-emitting units 31. Each light-emitting unit 31 corresponds to a sub-pixel area and is disposed on the driving substrate 1. Each light-emitting unit 31 has a light-transmitting isolation layer 32 on both sides, and there is a gap between any adjacent light-emitting units 31 and the pixel barrier 21. The encapsulation layer 4 is disposed on the pixel definition layer 2 and together with the pixel barrier 21, the light-transmitting isolation layer 32 and the driving substrate 1, forms a plurality of closed cavities 41. The cavities 41 are filled with a polar solution 5, which includes iodine molecules. When the driving component is powered off, the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica adsorbs iodine molecules, so that the pixel barrier 21 is in a light-blocking state. When the driving device is powered on, iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, so that the pixel barrier 21 appears transparent.

[0025] Specifically, the driving substrate 1 can be a TFT substrate, and its specific structure is based on existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The driving substrate 1 defines multiple sub-pixel areas arranged in an array. The shape of the sub-pixel areas is not limited to rectangles, but can also be designed as rhombuses or hexagons according to the requirements of the vapor deposition process to adapt to different pixel arrangements.

[0026] A pixel definition layer 2 is disposed on the surface of the driving substrate 1 and includes multiple spaced pixel barriers 21, with two adjacent pixel barriers 21 jointly defining a sub-pixel region. The pixel barrier 21 is made of hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, which can be obtained by modifying mesoporous silica with hydrophobic alkylsilanes. The hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica has a high specific surface area, which is beneficial for loading iodine molecules; on the other hand, it has hydrophobic properties, preventing polar solvents (water or ethanol) in the polar solution 5 from wetting the pores, allowing only non-polar iodine molecules to enter and exit.

[0027] Each pixel barrier 21 is equipped with a driving element. This driving element can be a heating element integrated into the pixel barrier 21, which locally raises the temperature through the Joule heating effect to reduce the adsorption enthalpy of iodine molecules, thus promoting iodine molecule desorption through a thermodynamic mechanism. Alternatively, the driving element can be a pair of driving electrodes, which apply an electric field to change the interfacial charge distribution, using electrophoretic force or electrostatic repulsion to displace and drive iodine molecules away from the pores. Or, the driving element can be a miniature ultrasonic transducer, which uses high-frequency vibration to disrupt the adsorption balance between iodine molecules and the pore walls, promoting iodine molecule desorption. There are no limitations on this; any method that can promote iodine molecule desorption is acceptable.

[0028] It should be noted that the driving component is electrically connected to the driving base plate 1, and the driving component can receive driving signals from the driving base plate 1 to achieve precise timing management of its power supply and control.

[0029] The organic electroluminescent layer 3 includes multiple light-emitting units 31, with each light-emitting unit 31 corresponding to a sub-pixel region. Each light-emitting unit 31 has a light-transmitting isolation layer 32 on both sides, covering the side surface of the light-emitting unit 31. Furthermore, a gap exists between any adjacent light-transmitting isolation layers 32 and the pixel barrier 21. This gap provides space for the polar solution 5 and effectively prevents the heat generated by the light-emitting unit 31 from being directly conducted to the pixel barrier 21, causing unintended iodine molecule desorption. The light-emitting unit 31 includes a stacked pixel anode layer 311, a light-emitting layer 312, and a pixel cathode layer 313. The light-emitting layer 312 includes a stacked hole injection layer, a transport layer, an RGB light-emitting layer, and an electron transport layer. The specific materials and structures of the pixel anode layer 311, the light-emitting layer 312, and the pixel cathode layer 313 can be found in existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. A light-transmitting insulating layer 32 forms a physical barrier on the side of the light-emitting unit 31 to prevent the polar solution 5 in the gap from affecting the light-emitting unit 31, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the light-emitting unit 31. The light-transmitting insulating layer 32 can be selected from an inorganic insulating material with high light transmittance and low water and oxygen transmittance, such as alumina (Al2O3) or silicon nitride (SiN). xIt can be a single layer or stacked structure of silicon dioxide (SiO2). The thickness of the light-transmitting isolation layer 32 depends on the actual situation and is not limited here, as long as there is a gap between the light-transmitting isolation layer 32 and the adjacent pixel barrier 21.

[0030] The encapsulation layer 4 is disposed on the side of the pixel definition layer 2 facing away from the driving substrate 1. The encapsulation layer 4 can be an aluminum oxide or silicon nitride laminated film, or a thin film encapsulation (TFE) structure with extremely low water and oxygen permeability; no limitation is made here. The encapsulation layer 4 seals the aforementioned gaps to form multiple closed accommodating cavities 41. The multiple closed accommodating cavities 41 are independent of each other, ensuring that the viewing angle adjustment of each sub-pixel does not interfere with each other. At the same time, the closed accommodating cavities 41 also ensure that the polar solution 5, including iodine molecules, will not leak or evaporate, maintaining the stability of the optical control environment.

[0031] Each cavity 41 is filled with a polar solution 5, which includes iodine molecules and a polar solvent, wherein the polar solvent may be water or ethanol. Optionally, the concentration of iodine molecules is controlled within the range of 0.1 mol / L to 1.0 mol / L. If the concentration is below 0.1 mol / L, the contrast of the light-blocking state is insufficient; if it is above 1.0 mol / L, the haze of the transparent state increases.

[0032] When the driving device is powered off, the pixel barrier 21 is at room temperature. Based on van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions, the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica utilizes its high specific surface area to efficiently adsorb iodine molecules. During adsorption, iodine molecules form a charge-transfer complex with silanol groups. This complex is deep black, causing the originally transparent pixel barrier 21 to transform into a light-blocking state, effectively blocking large-angle light and achieving a narrow viewing angle (i.e., privacy) mode. When the driving device is powered on, iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica and diffuse into the polar solution 5, causing the pixel barrier 21 to return to a transparent state, allowing light to escape at a large angle and achieving a wide viewing angle (i.e., sharing) mode.

[0033] The technical solution of this invention utilizes the reversible adsorption-desorption mechanism of iodine molecules in hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. Without changing the physical morphology of the pixel definition layer 2, it achieves dynamic switching between wide-angle and narrow-angle viewing angles by simply changing the optical transmittance of the barrier, effectively solving the problem in the prior art that the viewing angle cannot be dynamically adjusted due to the fixed structure of the pixel definition layer 2.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the driving element is a heating element, and when the heating element is energized and heated, iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica.

[0035] Specifically, the heating element can be a transparent ITO heating resistance wire, which can be formed by sputtering and photolithography. The heating element can be located at the bottom, top, or side of the pixel barrier 21, and is not limited thereto. Optionally, the transparent ITO heating resistance wire is integrated at the bottom of the pixel barrier 21 and electrically connected to the thin-film transistor therein through a conductive hole provided on the driving substrate 1. When the heating element is energized, the heating element generates heat based on the Joule heating effect, causing the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica material to heat up. According to the principle of thermodynamic adsorption, the increase in temperature significantly weakens the van der Waals forces and charge transfer complexation between iodine molecules and silanol groups on the pore wall, causing iodine molecules to undergo thermal desorption and diffuse into the polar solution 5, thereby restoring the pixel barrier 21 from the light-blocking state to the transparent state.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is obtained by modifying mesoporous silica with hydrophobic alkylsilanes. That is, the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is obtained by grafting alkylsilanes onto the surface and replacing the silanol groups with hydrophobic chains. The interaction between iodine molecules and the pore surface changes from strong chemical adsorption to weak physical adsorption, and the desorption energy barrier is significantly reduced. The required desorption temperature can be reduced from above 130°C to 50-80°C.

[0037] The hydrophobic alkyl silanes include at least one of short-chain alkyl silanes, medium-chain alkyl silanes, and polar alkyl silanes. Short-chain alkyl silanes include, but are not limited to, methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) or propyltriethoxysilane (PTES). The desorption temperature of the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica obtained by modification with short-chain alkyl silanes is 50-70℃. Medium-chain alkyl silanes include, but are not limited to, octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) or dialkyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS). The desorption temperature of the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica obtained by modification with medium-chain alkyl silanes is 60-80℃. Polar alkyl silanes include, but are not limited to, aminosilanes (APTES). The desorption temperature of the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica obtained by modification with polar alkyl silanes is 60-80℃.

[0038] When the display panel 100 requires a wide viewing angle mode, the heating element is energized, controlling the temperature of the pixel barrier 21 to rise to 50~80℃. This causes iodine molecules to undergo thermal desorption and diffuse into the polar solution 5, thereby restoring the pixel barrier 21 from a light-blocking state to a transparent state. After heating is stopped and the panel cools down, the iodine molecules are re-adsorbed, the pixel barrier 21 becomes light-blocking again, and the display panel 100 switches to a narrow viewing angle mode.

[0039] The iodine adsorption system based on the mesoporous confinement effect exhibits stability over a wide temperature range of -30℃ to 85℃. This solves the problem of light-shielding failure caused by iodine crystallization at low temperatures and overcomes the problem of optical performance degradation caused by iodine volatilization at high temperatures. It fully complies with the reliability standards of automotive displays such as AEC-Q100 and expands the application scenarios.

[0040] In an optional embodiment, the pore size of the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is 2nm to 10nm, such as 2nm, 4nm, 6nm, 8nm, 10nm, or any range between the two endpoints. This pore size range can balance the adsorption capacity and diffusion rate of iodine molecules.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, the specific surface area of ​​the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is not less than 500 μm. 2 / g ensures a sufficient iodine loading.

[0042] In other embodiments of the present invention, the driving element includes a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, which are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the pixel barrier 21; when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, a polar solvent is driven into the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica to displace iodine molecules.

[0043] Specifically, the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode are both transparent ITO electrodes. The first driving electrode and the second driving electrode are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the pixel barrier 21, such as the left and right sides or the top and bottom sides, and the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode are both electrically connected to the driving substrate 1.

[0044] When a wide-viewing-angle mode is required, a DC voltage (e.g., 5~10V) is applied between the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode. The electric field drives polar solvent molecules into the mesoporous channels, displacing iodine molecules and achieving iodine molecule desorption, thus restoring the pixel barrier 21 to a transparent state.

[0045] The core of the electric field-driven mechanism is to utilize the directional migration and dielectrophoresis effect of polar molecules in an electric field to achieve reversible replacement of iodine molecules, thereby controlling the rapid switching of the pixel barrier 21 between a deep black opaque state and a transparent state. Under the action of an electric field, polar molecules (such as ethanol molecules) have a large permanent dipole moment and are subjected to electric field forces. When a DC voltage or a low-frequency AC electric field is applied between the first and second driving electrodes, two effects occur in the polar molecules: first, orientation polarization, where the dipole moment aligns along the direction of the electric field, and the molecular potential energy decreases; second, directional migration (electrophoresis): if the electric field is strong enough, the polar molecules will move in the direction of the electric field. However, since the inner surface of the mesoporous silica channels is rich in silanol groups, which are negatively charged or strongly polar, polar molecules can preferentially adsorb onto the inner wall of the channels through hydrogen bonds. The applied electric field will change the adsorption-desorption balance of polar molecules in the mesopores. The electric field energy gives the polar molecules additional driving force, making it easier for them to enter the mesoporous channels and combine with silanol groups, thereby occupying the adsorption sites originally occupied by iodine molecules.

[0046] The following section uses ethanol as a polar solvent as an example to explain in detail the iodine molecule replacement process driven by an electric field.

[0047] In the initial state (without an electric field), the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica channels are rich in silanol groups, which can form a dark black charge-transfer complex (SiO2-I2) with iodine molecules through van der Waals forces and charge transfer interactions. + At this point, although ethanol molecules are present in the cavity 41, the competitive adsorption capacity of iodine molecules on the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica surface is significantly stronger than that of ethanol molecules, and the wettability of ethanol molecules on the hydrophobic surface is poor, making it difficult for ethanol to effectively enter the mesoporous channels, and the system remains in a stable light-shielding state.

[0048] After applying an electric field, the strong electric field formed between the first and second driving electrodes significantly enhanced the activation energy and migration rate of ethanol molecules. The electric field also reduced the contact angle of ethanol molecules on the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica surface, improving its wettability and promoting condensation and penetration of ethanol molecules into the nanopores by overcoming capillary resistance. The ethanol molecules that enter the pores are firmly bonded to the silanol groups via hydrogen bonds, forming a more thermodynamically stable complex (SiO2–C2H5OH). Thermodynamic data show that the binding energy between ethanol molecules and silanol groups is approximately 40–60 kJ / mol, significantly higher than the charge-transfer binding energy between iodine molecules and silanol groups (approximately 25–35 kJ / mol). Based on the principle of minimum energy, ethanol molecules, with their stronger binding energy, occupy the pore space and, through fluid shear forces, strip iodine molecules from their adsorption sites and expel them from the pores. After desorption, the iodine molecules are released back into the polar solution 5 of the cavity 41 in a free state or as trace amounts of iodine vapor. The original charge-transfer complex decomposes accordingly, and the pixel barrier 21 returns to a highly transparent state, thus achieving a wide-viewing-angle mode. The reaction process can be illustrated as follows: When the electric field is removed, the electric force driving the directional migration of ethanol molecules disappears. At the same time, due to the maintenance of a certain iodine partial pressure within the cavity 41, the free iodine molecules diffuse back to the pixel barrier 21 and recombine with the vacant silanol groups in the channel to form a dark black charge transfer complex; while the ethanol molecules slowly desorb and leave the channel under the drive of thermal motion, and the entire system gradually returns to the initial adsorption equilibrium state, at which point the display panel 100 switches back to the narrow viewing angle privacy mode.

[0049] The switching time of the electric field driven mode in this embodiment of the invention is ≤100 ms, which meets the requirements of real-time interaction and provides a good user experience. In addition, this dynamic switching mechanism is based on the microscopic flow of polar solvent controlled by electric field, and does not involve brightness chopping of display pixels. Therefore, it completely avoids the PWM flicker problem, effectively alleviates eye fatigue, and has excellent eye protection performance.

[0050] To further improve the light-blocking performance in narrow viewing angle mode, some embodiments of the present invention employ a multi-layer stacked staggered pixel barrier structure.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the retaining wall includes multiple layers of mesoporous silica film 211 and multiple layers of dense silica isolation layer 212 alternately stacked. The mesoporous silica film 211 includes hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. The mesoporous channels of adjacent mesoporous silica film layers 211 are staggered.

[0052] Specifically, the mesoporous silica film layer 211 is made of the aforementioned hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, responsible for the adsorption and desorption of iodine molecules; while the dense silica isolation layer 212 is sandwiched between the two adjacent mesoporous silica film layers 211, serving as both a physical separator and an optical barrier. Furthermore, the misaligned mesoporous channel design of the two adjacent silica film layers can improve light-blocking performance in narrow viewing angles through the following mechanism: when light passes through the first mesoporous silica film layer 211, any light that is not completely absorbed or scattered reaches the interface of the dense silica isolation layer 212, where Fresnel reflection occurs due to the difference in refractive index; even if light penetrates into the second mesoporous silica film layer 211, it will directly impact the dense pore wall due to the misaligned channels, rather than directly entering the next layer of channels. This path-extending effect of multiple reflections, scattering, and absorption greatly improves the light depletion efficiency.

[0053] In optional embodiments, the number of mesoporous silica film layers 211 is 2-5 layers, and more specifically 3 single layers. Experiments show that by using a staggered stacking structure of three mesoporous silica film layers 211, the average transmittance in the visible light band can be reduced to below 0.005%, achieving excellent light-shielding performance. At the same time, it ensures that each layer of mesoporous silica film layer 211 is transparent and has no residual absorption in the wide viewing angle mode.

[0054] The embodiments of the present invention employ a multi-layer stacked staggered pixel barrier structure, which ensures excellent light blocking while not introducing additional light scattering or absorption loss in the transparent state, thus achieving high-quality switching between the two extreme states of complete black and complete transparency.

[0055] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In some embodiments of the present invention, the pixel barrier 21 includes: Anchoring layer 213 is fixed on drive base plate 1; The first electrode layer 214 is disposed on the anchoring layer 213; A piezoelectric material layer 215 is disposed on the first electrode layer 214; The second electrode layer 216 is disposed on the piezoelectric material layer 215; The cantilever beam 217 includes a mounting portion 2171 and a free portion 2172. The mounting portion 2171 is disposed on the second electrode layer 216. One end of the free portion 2172 is fixed to the side of the mounting portion 2171 facing the receiving cavity 41, and the other end extends obliquely toward the drive substrate 1. The retaining wall body 218 includes a first retaining wall portion 2181 and a second retaining wall portion 2182 that are movably connected. The end of the first retaining wall portion 2181 away from the second retaining wall portion 2182 is movably connected to the end of the free portion 2172 away from the mounting portion 2171. The end of the second retaining wall away from the first retaining wall is movably connected to the anchoring layer 213. Both the cantilever beam 217 and the retaining wall body 218 contain hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica; When a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 214 and the second electrode layer 216, the piezoelectric material layer 215 undergoes expansion and contraction along the length of the cantilever beam 217, causing the cantilever beam 217 to bend toward or away from the receiving cavity 41, and changing the angle between the first retaining wall portion 2181 and the second retaining wall portion 2182.

[0056] Specifically, the anchoring layer 213 is fixed on the driving substrate 1, serving as a support for the entire pixel barrier structure. The anchoring layer 213 can be made of silicon nitride and can be formed by deposition. The anchoring layer 213 includes a support portion 2131 and a connecting portion 2132 connected together. The thickness of the support portion 2131 is greater than the thickness of the connecting portion 2132. The first electrode layer 214, the piezoelectric material layer 215, and the second electrode layer 216 are sequentially stacked on the support portion 2131 to form a piezoelectric actuator. The piezoelectric material layer 215 can be a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film layer, and the first electrode layer 214 and the second electrode layer 216 can be ITO thin film layers, used to apply a driving voltage. The cantilever beam 217 includes a mounting portion 2171 and a free portion 2172. The mounting portion 2171 is fixed to the second electrode layer 216, serving as the fixed end of the cantilever beam 217. The free portion 2172 is generally elongated, with one end connected to the mounting portion 2171 on the side facing the receiving cavity 41, and the other end extending obliquely towards the drive substrate 1, forming a cantilever structure with a pre-tilt angle. The material of the cantilever beam 217 includes hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, which balances structural strength with iodine molecule adsorption function. The retaining wall body 218 adopts a retractable structure with movable connections, including a first retaining wall portion 2181 and a second retaining wall portion 2182. Both the first retaining wall portion 2181 and the second retaining wall portion 2182 are generally rod-shaped. The end of the first retaining wall portion 2181 away from the second retaining wall portion 2182 is movably connected to the end of the free portion 2172 of the cantilever beam 217, and the section of the second retaining wall portion 2182 away from the first retaining wall portion 2181 is movably connected to the connecting portion 2132 of the anchoring layer 213. The movable connection can be achieved through a pivot structure (such as a hinge or a flexible connecting portion 2132).

[0057] When a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 214 and the second electrode layer 216, the direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the piezoelectric material layer 215; based on d 31 In the transverse inverse piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric material layer 215 undergoes expansion and contraction along the length direction parallel to the cantilever beam 217 (i.e., transversely). Due to the deformation mismatch with the anchoring layer 213, the cantilever beam 217 bends towards or away from the receiving cavity 41. When the cantilever beam 217 bends, its free end 2172 pulls or pushes the first retaining wall portion 2181, thereby causing the second retaining wall portion 2182 to rotate. This changes the angle between the first and second retaining wall portions 2181, thus adjusting the overall height of the retaining wall body 218. This folding design amplifies the minute bending displacement of the cantilever beam 217 into a significant vertical displacement of the retaining wall body 218, greatly improving the adjustment sensitivity.

[0058] When a first voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 214 and the second electrode layer 216, the piezoelectric material layer 215 elongates laterally, causing the cantilever beam 217 to bend away from the receiving cavity 41. At this time, the end of its free portion 2172 pulls the first retaining wall portion 2181, thereby causing the second retaining wall portion 2182 to rotate, increasing the angle between the first retaining wall portion 2181 and the second retaining wall portion 2182, thus increasing the overall height of the retaining wall body 218. When a second voltage opposite to the first voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 214 and the second electrode layer 216, the piezoelectric material layer 215 contracts laterally, causing the cantilever beam 217 to bend towards the receiving cavity 41. At this time, the end of its free portion 2172 pushes the first retaining wall portion 2181, thereby causing the second retaining wall portion 2182 to rotate, decreasing the angle between the first retaining wall portion 2181 and the second retaining wall portion 2182, thus decreasing the overall height of the retaining wall body 218.

[0059] The specific dimensions of the anchoring layer 213, the first electrode layer 214, the piezoelectric material layer 215, the second electrode layer 216, the cantilever beam 217, and the retaining wall body 218 can be determined according to actual needs.

[0060] In narrow viewing angle mode, the cantilever beam 217 bends, causing the barrier body 218 to extend to its maximum height, increasing the obstruction length in the light path and effectively narrowing the light emission angle. Simultaneously, the barrier body 218 and cantilever beam 217, composed of hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, adsorb iodine molecules within the cavity, further enhancing the light-blocking effect. In wide viewing angle mode, the cantilever beam 217 bends in the opposite direction, causing the barrier body 218 to contract and lower, reducing physical obstruction to the light path; combined with electric field or thermal drive to desorb iodine molecules, the barrier body 218 and cantilever beam 217 regain transparency, thus achieving wide viewing angle light emission. This structural design combines MEMS mechanical motion with electrochromism (iodine molecule adsorption / desorption), achieving dual physical and optical control of the display viewing angle.

[0061] To achieve differentiated viewing angles in different areas within the same display panel 100, in some embodiments of the present invention, the heights of the barrier bodies 218 in at least three adjacent pixel barriers 21 are different, thereby achieving different viewing angles within the same display area.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the pixel structure of the array arrangement, the height of the barrier body 218 contained in at least three adjacent pixel barriers 21 is set to be different from each other. Specifically, the barrier body 218 of the three adjacent pixel barriers 21 is pre-set or electrically adjusted to three specifications: low height, medium height, and high height. Among them, the low-height barrier is mainly used for conventional pixel isolation, with minimal light blocking effect, and is suitable for wide-viewing-angle display modes; the medium-height barrier can provide a moderate degree of light emission blocking, suitable for limiting large-angle stray light and achieving comfortable viewing at a medium viewing angle; the high-height barrier has the strongest physical blocking capability, which can compress the light emission angle to a very small range, and is suitable for extremely narrow viewing angle (peeping) modes.

[0063] It should be noted that the heating or electric field excitation of the pixel barrier 21 surrounding each sub-pixel can be independently controlled by the driving circuit in the driving substrate 1, thereby realizing independent adjustment of the viewing angle of the local area.

[0064] Optionally, the heights of the barrier bodies 218 in at least three adjacent pixel barriers 21 are 1μm~2μm, 2μm~3μm, and 3μm~4μm, respectively. Specifically, the first height (i.e., low height) is 1μm~2μm, such as 1μm, 1.2μm, 1.5μm, 1.8μm, 2μm, and any value between two endpoints, used for regular pixel isolation. The second height (i.e., medium height) is 2μm~3μm, such as 2μm, 2.2μm, 2.5μm, 2.8μm, 3μm, and any value between two endpoints, used for medium viewing angle control. The third height (i.e., high height) is 3μm~4μm, such as 3μm, 3.2μm, 3.5μm, 3.8μm, 4μm, and any value between two endpoints, used for extremely narrow viewing angle control.

[0065] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a display panel 100, for preparing the display panel 100 as described above.

[0066] In some embodiments, the method for manufacturing the display panel 100 includes the following steps: (1) Prepare a driving substrate 1, which has multiple sub-pixel regions arranged in an array.

[0067] The preparation of the driving substrate 1 in step (1) is a conventional preparation, which can be referred to in the existing technology, and will not be described in detail here.

[0068] (2) A pixel barrier 21 is prepared on the driving substrate 1 at the interval of two adjacent sub-pixel areas using hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica, and a driving element is prepared at the pixel barrier 21.

[0069] Step (2) is specifically operated as follows: A slurry is prepared by mixing hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica with photosensitive resin and then coated onto the surface of the driving substrate 1 using a spin-coating method. Next, a patterning process is used to form pixel barriers 21 spaced apart between two adjacent sub-pixel areas. Driving components are integrated at the pixel barriers 21. If the driving component is a heating component, an indium tin oxide (ITO) heating layer can be deposited at the bottom or inside of the pixel barrier 21 using magnetron sputtering or vapor deposition, and a heating wire is formed by etching. Subsequently, the ITO heating layer is connected to the TFT drain on the driving substrate 1 through conductive vias. If the driving component is a pair of opposing driving electrodes, a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode (material can be ITO) can be deposited on opposite sidewalls of the pixel barrier 21 using sputtering or CVD processes, ensuring that the two driving electrodes are electrically connected to the signal lines on the driving substrate 1.

[0070] (3) A light-emitting unit 31 is prepared on the driving substrate 1 corresponding to a sub-pixel area, and a light-transmitting isolation layer 32 is prepared on both sides of each light-emitting unit 31, so that a gap is reserved between any adjacent light-transmitting isolation layer 32 and the pixel barrier 21.

[0071] In step (3), vacuum evaporation or inkjet printing can be used to prepare light-emitting units 31 on the driving substrate 1 for each sub-pixel region. The light-emitting unit 31 is an existing structure, and its preparation method can refer to the existing technology, which will not be described in detail here. After the light-emitting unit 31 is prepared, conformal deposition is performed by atomic layer deposition or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, using the light-emitting unit 31 and the pixel barrier 21 as a mask. This forms a uniformly covered light-transmitting isolation layer 32 on the top surface and sidewalls of the light-emitting unit 31. Then, an anisotropic etching process (such as reactive ion etching, RIE) is used to remove the excess deposition layer on the top surface, leaving only the light-transmitting isolation layer 32 on the sidewalls of the light-emitting unit 31. This defines the boundary of the gap, so that there is a gap between the sidewall of the light-transmitting isolation layer 32 and the sidewall of the adjacent pixel barrier 21. This gap is used to provide space for subsequent filling of polar solution 5, and at the same time, it can prevent the Joule heat generated by the light-emitting unit 31 from being directly conducted to the pixel barrier 21 and causing unintended desorption of iodine molecules.

[0072] (4) Fill each gap with a polar solution containing iodine molecules.

[0073] Step (4) can be performed by injecting a polar solution 5 containing iodine molecules into each of the gaps in a quantitative manner through microdroplet injection or vacuum impregnation process.

[0074] (5) An encapsulation layer 4 is prepared on the pixel barrier 21, and the encapsulation layer 4 closes the gap to form a closed accommodating cavity 41.

[0075] Specifically, a silicon nitride or aluminum oxide thin film is deposited on the pixel definition layer 2 using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, or an encapsulation layer 4 is prepared using thin-film encapsulation technology (such as alternating deposition of inorganic barrier film and organic buffer layer). The encapsulation layer 4 completely covers the top of the pixel barrier 21, the top surface of the light-emitting unit 31, and the upper surface of the driving substrate 1, thereby sealing the gaps and enclosing multiple independent closed cavities 41.

[0076] The above steps can be used to prepare a display panel 100 with integrated electrochromic function, which can dynamically switch between wide-viewing-angle and narrow-viewing-angle modes in different usage scenarios, thereby improving the user experience. Furthermore, the above preparation method is simple to operate.

[0077] In the preparation method of the present invention, the spin coating, photolithography and etching processes of hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica are compatible with existing OLED production lines, and no expensive new equipment investment is required.

[0078] In some embodiments of the present invention, hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is prepared by the following steps: Pretreatment stage: Select pores with a pore size of 2nm~10nm and a specific surface area greater than or equal to 500m². 2 / g, pore volume greater than or equal to 0.8 cm³ 3 / g of ordered mesoporous silica is dried in vacuum at 120°C for 6 hours, and optionally heat-treated at 350~400°C for 2 hours to reduce the density of silanol groups on its surface. It is then naturally cooled to room temperature and placed under the protection of argon or ammonia atmosphere for later use.

[0079] Hydrophobic modification stage: The pretreated sample is placed in an anhydrous solvent, which can be anhydrous toluene or anhydrous ethanol; then a hydrophobic silane is added, the amount of hydrophobic silane being 10%~30% of the mass of mesoporous silica; nitrogen gas is bubbled through to remove oxygen for 10~15 min; then it is heated to 80-110℃ and allowed to react for 12-24 h. During the reaction, the alkoxy groups in the modifier react with the silanol groups to form Si-O-Si covalent bonds, and the alkyl chains are suspended on the inner wall of the pores.

[0080] Post-processing stage: After the reaction is complete, the reaction solution is filtered while hot and washed repeatedly with toluene, anhydrous ethanol, and deionized water in sequence. The physically adsorbed residual modifier can be removed by Soxhlet extraction (anhydrous ethanol, 6-12 h). Finally, it is dried under vacuum at 80℃ for 12 h to obtain hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica powder.

[0081] In some embodiments, the step of preparing the pixel barrier 21 in step (2) includes: A multilayer mesoporous silica film layer 211 is stacked and deposited on the driving substrate 1 using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, so that the mesoporous channels of two adjacent silica film layers are misaligned, and a dense silica isolation layer 212 is deposited between two adjacent mesoporous silica film layers 211.

[0082] Specifically, firstly, a hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica precursor solution is prepared using the sol-gel method, comprising a silicon source, a template agent, and hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica. The precursor solution is then uniformly coated onto the surface of the driving substrate 1 using a spin-coating method, followed by heat treatment to cure it, forming a first mesoporous silica thin film layer 211. Subsequently, a dense silica sol solution is spin-coated onto the surface of the first mesoporous silica thin film layer 211. Unlike the precursor solution, the dense silica sol solution does not contain a pore-forming template agent. After spin-coating, it is cured to form a dense silica isolation layer 212. Following the above steps, the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica precursor solution is spin-coated again. Before or during spin coating, positional deviations or orientation shifts are artificially introduced by photolithographic alignment marks or adjusting spin coating parameters (such as rotation speed gradient and spin coating direction). This causes the lattice orientation or position of the mesoporous channels in the second mesoporous silica film layer 211 to shift relative to the first mesoporous silica film layer 211 during growth. Curing is then performed to form the second mesoporous silica film layer 211. Repeating the above operations forms alternating stacked multilayer mesoporous silica film layers 211 and multilayer dense silica isolation layers 212. After all layers are stacked, photoresist is used as a mask, and reactive ion etching (RIE) is used to etch the multilayer stacked structure into the desired pixel barrier 21 pattern. Finally, the organic template agent in each mesoporous silica film layer 211 is removed by solvent extraction or high-temperature calcination, releasing the interconnected mesoporous channels.

[0083] This invention employs a solution spin coating method to replace complex vapor deposition, reducing equipment costs. Simultaneously, it utilizes a template-free, dense SiO2 solution to form an isolation layer, simplifying the material system. Through coordinated control of photolithography alignment and spin coating parameters, precise misalignment of nanoscale channels is achieved, effectively blocking the straight-line propagation path of light and significantly improving light-shielding performance.

[0084] In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of preparing the pixel barrier 21 in step (2) includes: (21) An anchoring layer 213 is prepared on the driving substrate 1 at intervals corresponding to two adjacent sub-pixel areas.

[0085] Specifically, silicon nitride material is deposited by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition, and patterned by photolithography and dry etching processes to form an anchoring layer 213 including a connecting portion 2132 and a supporting portion 2131. The specific structure of the anchoring layer 213 can be referred to the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0086] (22) A first electrode layer 214, a piezoelectric material layer 215, and a second electrode layer 216 are sequentially stacked on at least a portion of the surface of the anchor plate.

[0087] Specifically, on the surface of the support portion 2131 of the anchoring layer 213, a first electrode layer 214 is deposited sequentially using a sputtering process, a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric material layer 215 is prepared using a sol-gel method or sputtering, and a second electrode layer 216 is deposited using a sputtering process. Then, through multiple photolithography and etching processes, this three-layer structure is patterned to form the main body of the piezoelectric actuator. The first electrode layer 214 and the second electrode layer 216 are electrically connected to the TFT circuit within the driving substrate 1 via pre-defined conductive vias to receive driving signals.

[0088] (23) A cantilever beam 217 is prepared on the surface of the second electrode layer 216 using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. The cantilever beam 217 includes a mounting part 2171 and a free part 2172. The mounting part 2171 is disposed on the second electrode layer 216. One end of the free part 2172 is fixed to the side of the mounting part 2171 facing the accommodating cavity 41, and the other end extends obliquely in the direction close to the driving substrate 1.

[0089] Specifically, firstly, a sacrificial material (such as zinc oxide or a specific polymer) is deposited integrally on the driving substrate 1 and patterned to expose the bonding region of the second electrode layer 216. Subsequently, a hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica precursor solution is coated onto the sacrificial material and the second electrode layer 216 using a sol-gel spin coating method. After low-temperature curing, the shape of the cantilever beam 217 is defined by photolithography and etching. The cantilever beam 217 includes a mounting portion 2171 fixedly connected to the second electrode layer 216 and a free portion 2172 extending from the mounting portion 2171. One end of the free portion 2172 is fixed to the side of the mounting portion 2171 facing the light-emitting unit 31, and the other end extends obliquely towards the driving substrate 1, forming a pretilt angle to facilitate the generation of a vertical component during subsequent driving.

[0090] (24) A retaining wall body 218 is prepared by using hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica. The retaining wall body 218 includes a first retaining wall part 2181 and a second retaining wall part 2182 that are movably connected. The end of the first retaining wall part 2181 away from the second retaining wall part 2182 is movably connected to the end of the free part 2172 away from the mounting part 2171. The end of the second retaining wall away from the first retaining wall is movably connected to the anchoring layer 213.

[0091] Specifically, a second layer of hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica material is deposited on the sacrificial layer and patterned to form a first barrier portion 2181 and a second barrier portion 2182 that are hinged to each other. The end of the first barrier portion 2181 furthest from the second barrier portion 2182 is movably connected to the end of the free portion 2172 of the cantilever beam 217 via a flexible hinge (or a pre-reserved fracture groove); the end of the second barrier portion 2182 furthest from the first barrier portion 2181 is movably connected to the connection portion 2132 of the anchoring layer 213 via another flexible hinge. This forms a closed linkage mechanism consisting of the anchoring layer 213, the second barrier portion 2182, the first barrier portion 2181, the cantilever beam 217, and the piezoelectric actuator. Finally, the previously deposited sacrificial layer material is removed by wet etching or vapor phase etching. With the removal of the sacrificial layer, the cantilever beam 217, the first retaining wall portion 2181, and the second retaining wall portion 2182 are no longer rigidly connected to the drive substrate 1, thus gaining free space to move. At this time, the entire retaining wall body 218 becomes a mechanical structure that can expand or contract with the deformation of the piezoelectric actuator. At the same time, since the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica material constituting these components has the ability to adsorb iodine molecules, the retaining wall body 218 also has an optical modulation function while physically rising and falling.

[0092] The present invention also proposes a display device, which includes a display panel 100. The specific structure of the display panel 100 is as described in the above embodiments. Since this display device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here. The display device is an OLED display device.

[0093] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that, include: The driving substrate has multiple sub-pixel areas arranged in an array. A pixel definition layer is disposed on the driving substrate, including a plurality of pixel barriers spaced apart, two adjacent pixel barriers defining the sub-pixel region, the pixel barriers including hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, and a driving element disposed at each pixel barrier. An organic electroluminescent layer includes multiple light-emitting units, one of which corresponds to one of the sub-pixel regions and is disposed on the driving substrate. Each of the light-emitting units has a light-transmitting isolation layer on both sides, and there is a gap between any adjacent light-transmitting isolation layer and the pixel barrier. An encapsulation layer is disposed on the pixel definition layer and together with the pixel barrier, the light-transmitting isolation layer and the driving substrate, forms a plurality of closed cavities. The cavities are filled with a polar solution, which includes iodine molecules. When the driving component is de-energized, the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica adsorbs the iodine molecules, so that the pixel barrier is in a light-blocking state. When the driving device is energized, the iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, so that the pixel barrier appears transparent.

2. The display panel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component is a heating component. When the heating component is energized and heated, the iodine molecules desorb from the hydrophobic modified mesoporous silica.

3. The display panel as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The desorption temperature of the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is 50℃~80℃; and / or, The hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica has a pore size of 2 nm to 10 nm; and / or, The specific surface area of ​​the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica is not less than 500 μm. 2 / g.

4. The display panel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The polar solution further includes a polar solvent, and the driving device includes a first driving electrode and a second driving electrode, which are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the pixel barrier. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the polar solvent is driven into the hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica to displace the iodine molecules.

5. The display panel as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The barrier wall comprises alternating layers of multilayer mesoporous silica film and multilayer dense silica isolation layer, wherein the mesoporous silica film includes hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. The mesoporous channels of two adjacent mesoporous silica film layers are staggered.

6. The display panel as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The pixel barrier includes: An anchoring layer is fixed to the drive base plate; The first electrode layer is disposed on the anchoring layer; A piezoelectric material layer is disposed on the first electrode layer; A second electrode layer is disposed on the piezoelectric material layer; A cantilever beam includes a mounting portion and a free portion. The mounting portion is disposed on the second electrode layer. One end of the free portion is fixed to the mounting portion on the side facing the receiving cavity, and the other end extends obliquely toward the driving substrate. The retaining wall body includes a first retaining wall portion and a second retaining wall portion that are movably connected. The end of the first retaining wall portion away from the second retaining wall portion is movably connected to the end of the free portion away from the mounting portion. The end of the second retaining wall portion away from the first retaining wall is movably connected to the anchoring layer. Both the cantilever beam and the retaining wall body are composed of hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica; When a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the piezoelectric material layer undergoes expansion and contraction along the length of the cantilever beam, causing the cantilever beam to bend toward or away from the receiving cavity, thereby changing the angle between the first retaining wall portion and the second retaining wall portion.

7. The display panel as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The heights of the barrier bodies in at least three adjacent pixel barriers are different; and / or, The heights of the main body of the at least three adjacent pixel barriers are 1μm~2μm, 2μm~3μm, and 3μm~4μm, respectively.

8. A method for manufacturing a display panel, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A driving substrate is prepared, wherein the driving substrate is provided with a plurality of sub-pixel regions arranged in an array; A pixel barrier is fabricated on the driving substrate at intervals between two adjacent sub-pixel regions using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, and a driving element is fabricated at the pixel barrier. A light-emitting unit is prepared on the driving substrate corresponding to one of the sub-pixel areas, and a light-transmitting isolation layer is prepared on both sides of each light-emitting unit, so that a gap is reserved between any adjacent light-transmitting isolation layer and the pixel barrier. Fill each of the gaps with a polar solution containing iodine molecules; An encapsulation layer is prepared on the pixel barrier, and the encapsulation layer closes the gap to form a closed accommodating cavity.

9. The method for manufacturing a display panel as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step of fabricating pixel barriers on the driving substrate using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica, corresponding to the intervals between two adjacent sub-pixel regions, includes: An anchoring layer is prepared on the driving substrate at intervals corresponding to two adjacent sub-pixel regions; A first electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a second electrode layer are sequentially stacked on at least a portion of the surface of the anchoring layer. A cantilever beam is fabricated on the surface of the second electrode layer using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. The cantilever beam includes a mounting portion and a free portion. The mounting portion is disposed on the second electrode layer. One end of the free portion is fixed to the mounting portion on the side facing the accommodating cavity, and the other end extends obliquely toward the driving substrate. The retaining wall body is prepared using hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica. The retaining wall body includes a first retaining wall part and a second retaining wall part that are movably connected. The end of the first retaining wall part away from the second retaining wall part is movably connected to the end of the free part away from the mounting part. The end of the second retaining wall part away from the first retaining wall part is movably connected to the anchoring layer.

10. A display device, characterized in that, It includes a display panel as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or a display panel prepared using the method for preparing a display panel as described in any one of claims 8 to 9.

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