Formulations having reduced levels of volatile organic compounds

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an insecticidal composition comprising an active phase comprising one or more solvents and an active ingredient, an aqueous phase comprising water, and a propellant. Further, the one or more solvents are selected from the group consisting of citrate esters, cyclohexanone, ethanol, acetone, glycol ethers, C14-16 saturated alkanes, and C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons. Further, the content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the composition is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 395,221, filed December 22, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Statement on Federally Funded Research not applicable. Background Technology 1. Technical Field This disclosure relates to a pest control composition, and more specifically, to an insecticide (or pest control) formulation having reduced volatile organic compound (VOC) levels for eradication by knocking down and killing insects, said formulation comprising cypermethrin, deltamethrin, propargite, and mixtures thereof. This disclosure also relates to a pest control composition comprising (i) an active phase, which may contain a hydrocarbon solvent, an active ingredient, a fragrance, and an emulsifier; (ii) an aqueous phase, which may contain water containing a corrosion inhibitor; and (iii) a propellant (e.g., liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) propellant).

[0004] 2. Background Technology Description Liquid components or compositions, such as essential oils, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, detergents, polishes, hairsprays, cosmetics, paints, etc., are composed of materials that are mostly insoluble in water. These liquid components and compositions are used to manufacture aerosol compositions. Such liquid components and compositions typically require the inclusion of a solvent to produce a homogeneous emulsion blend in water. Many commonly used solvents are VOCs.

[0005] Furthermore, aerosol compositions are typically pressurized with hydrocarbon propellants. Hydrocarbon propellants, such as A-17 to A-107, NIP-31 to NIP-107, or NP propellant LPG blends, all contain VOCs. Sometimes, for environmental reasons, lower VOC levels may be required. Therefore, aerosol systems with reduced VOC levels are needed without compromising product performance. However, reducing the hydrocarbon propellant content in the formulation can adversely affect product performance. Specifically, reducing the propellant content in aerosol formulations may result in excessive product residue in the container at the end of the dispenser assembly's lifespan (product residue), disruption of the spray pattern, and an increase in the size of the dispensed product particles (particle size enlargement). This may also affect consumer perception of product quality and efficacy. Therefore, there is a need for optimized pest control formulations with low VOC levels that maintain product performance compared to pest control formulations with higher VOC levels. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one aspect, an insecticidal composition is provided. In this embodiment, the composition comprises an active phase containing one or more solvents and an active ingredient, an aqueous phase containing water, a corrosion inhibitor, and a propellant. Furthermore, the one or more solvents are selected from citrate esters, cyclohexanone, glycol ethers, ethanol, acetone, C14-16 saturated alkanes, and C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, based on the total weight of the composition, the content of volatile organic compounds in the composition is less than 8 wt%.

[0007] In a further embodiment, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, and one or more solvents comprise glycol ethers and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, with the propellant content being less than about 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, and one or more solvents comprise citrate esters and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, with the propellant content being less than about 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the composition further comprises about 0.01 wt% to 2 wt% of a sorbitan monooleate emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition. Additionally, in some embodiments, the composition further comprises about 0.05 wt% to 2 wt% of an ammonium benzoate corrosion inhibitor based on the total weight of the composition.

[0008] In other embodiments, the content of one or more solvents is greater than 25 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. Here, the one or more solvents may be selected from citrate esters, glycol ethers, and combinations thereof.

[0009] According to another aspect of this disclosure, another insecticidal composition is provided. Herein, the composition comprises an active phase containing one or more solvents and an active ingredient, an aqueous phase containing water, and a propellant. Furthermore, based on the total weight of the composition, the content of one or more solvents is greater than 25 wt%, and based on the total weight of the composition, the content of volatile organic compounds in the composition is less than 8 wt%.

[0010] In a further embodiment, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof, one or more solvents comprise C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the propellant content is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof, one or more solvents comprise C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof, one or more solvents comprise ethylene glycol ethers and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0011] In other embodiments, one or more solvents are selected from citrate esters, cyclohexanone, C14-16 saturated alkanes, C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, ethylene glycol ethers, and chloroform. In further embodiments, one or more solvents are selected from citrate esters, ethylene glycol ethers, and combinations thereof.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, another insecticidal composition is provided. In this embodiment, the composition comprises an active phase containing one or more solvents and an active ingredient, an aqueous phase containing water, and a propellant. In this embodiment, the propellant comprises isobutane and propane, wherein the weight ratio of isobutane to propane is about 20:80 to about 45:55. Furthermore, based on the total weight of the composition, the content of volatile organic compounds in the composition is less than 8 wt%.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the weight ratio of isobutane to propane is about 30:70. Additionally, in some embodiments, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, and one or more solvents comprise glycol ethers and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, with the propellant content less than 10 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, and one or more solvents comprise citrate esters and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, with the propellant content less than about 10 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to 2 wt% of sorbitan monooleate emulsifier and about 0.05 wt% to 2 wt% of ammonium benzoate corrosion inhibitor, based on the total weight of the composition. Even further, in some embodiments, the content of one or more solvents is greater than 30 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

[0014] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an aerosol dispenser system is provided. This aerosol dispenser system may include a closed container containing a fluid composition under pressure, a valve assembly connected to and in fluid communication with the container, an actuator body connected to and in fluid communication with the valve assembly, and at least one vortex nozzle insert connected to and in fluid communication with the actuator body. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fluid is a composition comprising a solvent, an active ingredient, and a propellant, wherein the solvent is selected from citrate esters, cyclohexanone, ethylene glycol ethers, C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, based on the total weight of the composition, the content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in this aerosol dispenser system is less than 8 wt%.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, the solvent comprises glycol ethers and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than 10 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, the solvent comprises citrate esters and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than about 10 wt%. In an additional embodiment of this aspect, the composition further comprises about 0.01 wt% to 2 wt% of sorbitan monooleate emulsifier and about 0.05 wt% to 0.2 wt% of ammonium benzoate corrosion inhibitor, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0016] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a dispensing system is provided, comprising a container, a composition disposed in the container, and an outer cap assembly attached to the container. Here, the outer cap assembly includes a body, an actuator, and a nozzle having an outlet orifice with a diameter of about 0.75 mm to about 2 mm. Furthermore, the composition comprises an active phase containing one or more solvents and an active ingredient, an aqueous phase containing water, and a propellant. Additionally, one or more solvents are selected from citrate esters, glycol ethers, C14-16 saturated alkanes, and C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons. Even further, based on the total weight of the composition, the content of volatile organic compounds in the composition is less than 8 wt%.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the diameter of the outlet orifice is from about 1.0 mm to about 1.3 mm. In other embodiments, the composition is dispensed with a Dv(50) particle size of about 130 μm to about 210 μm when the container is 100% full. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the composition is dispensed at an emission rate of about 2.2 g / s to about 3.4 g / s, and the system produces a spray distance of about 15 inches to about 20 inches. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Non-limiting embodiments of the invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are schematic and not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or substantially identical component shown is generally represented by a single number. For clarity, not every component is labeled in every figure, nor is every component of each embodiment of the disclosure shown where illustration is unnecessary to enable those skilled in the art to understand the disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a front isometric view of the dispensing system, including the container and the outer cover attached thereto; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A front isometric view of the container; and Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The product distribution system roughly follows Figure 1 The side view of the cross-section taken by line 3-3 shown; Figure 4 This is a front isometric view of another outer cover assembly that can be used with the formulation disclosed herein; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A front view of the outer cover assembly; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 outer cover assembly along Figure 5 The cross-sectional view taken by line 6-6 shown; Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the outer cover assembly; Figure 8 This is a front isometric view of another outer cover assembly that can be used with the formulations disclosed herein; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Top view of the outer cover assembly; Figure 10 yes Figure 8 outer cover assembly along Figure 9 The cross-sectional view taken by line 10-10 shown; Figure 11 yes Figure 8 A partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the outer cover assembly; Figure 12 This is a front isometric view of a spray insert that can be used with the formulations disclosed herein; Figure 13 yes Figure 12 Side elevation view of the spray insert; Figure 14 yes Figure 12 spray insert along Figure 13 A cross-sectional view taken from line 14-14; Figure 15 yes Figure 12 A partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the spray insert; and Figure 16 Several spray patterns of the outer cap assembly and spray insert of the present disclosure for use in conjunction with the formulations of the present disclosure are shown.

[0020] Detailed Description of the Embodiments (see attached figures) The term "about" or "approximately" refers to an acceptable range of error for a particular value, as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, depending in part on how the value was measured or determined, i.e., the limitations of the measurement system, i.e., the degree of precision required for a particular purpose (e.g., pharmaceutical formulation). The term "about" also refers to variations in numerical quantities that may occur, for example, through typical measurement and liquid handling procedures used in the preparation of concentrates or solutions in the real world; through unintentional errors in these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, origin, or purity of the ingredients used to prepare the composition or carry out the method, etc. The term "about" may also cover variations in quantity resulting from different equilibrium conditions of the composition due to a particular initial mixture.

[0021] In one embodiment, the term "about" refers to a range of + / - 5% of a specified value. For example, "about" may mean within one or more standard deviations according to practice in the art. Alternatively, "about" may mean a range of up to 20%, preferably up to 10%, more preferably up to 5%, and even more preferably up to 1% of a given value. Or, particularly for biological systems or processes, the term may mean within an order of magnitude of the numerical value, preferably within 5 times, and even more preferably within 2 times. Where a specific value is described in this application and claims, unless otherwise stated, the term "about" should be assumed to mean within an acceptable range of error for the specific value.

[0022] As used herein, the term "substantially" may mean at least about 80%, preferably at least about 90%, more preferably at least about 99%, for example at least about 99.9%. In some embodiments, the term "substantially" may mean entirely or about 100%.

[0023] As used herein, the terms “percentage by weight,” “wt%,” “wt.%,” “weight percentage,” “weight%,” and their variations refer to the concentration of a substance, which is the weight of the substance divided by the total weight of the composition and then multiplied by 100. It should be understood that, as used herein, “percentage,” “%,” etc., may be synonymous with “percentage by weight,” “wt%,” etc.

[0024] As used herein, "pest" can mean any organism whose presence is to be controlled. Pests can include, for example, bacteria, tapeworms, fungi, insects, nematodes, parasites, plants, etc. Furthermore, as used herein, "insecticide" can mean, for example, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, weeding, insecticidal, etc.

[0025] Furthermore, for simplicity, the term "insect" is used in this application. However, it should be understood that the term "insect" refers not only to insects, but also to mites, spiders and other arachnids, larvae, and similar invertebrates. As used herein, the term "insect" refers to, and includes, insects or arachnids that can serve as disease vectors for humans, animals, birds, fish, plants, or plant parts, or that can cause them irritation or economic harm. Examples include, but are not limited to, nematodes, biting insects (e.g., mosquitoes, gnats, horseflies, ticks, tsetse flies, blowflies, spiral flies, bedbugs, fleas, lice, and sea lice), sap-sucking insects (e.g., aphids and thrips), and also includes arachnids, ticks, termites, silverfish, ants, cockroaches, locusts, fruit flies, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, scorpions, chiggers, and mites (e.g., dust mites).

[0026] Embodiments of this invention can be used for the prevention and control of parasites. The term "parasite" encompasses a wide range of protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Protozoa can include amoebas, flagellates, ciliates, and sporozoans. Protozoa typically infect blood and tissues and can be transmitted through mosquito bites. Protozoa cause diseases such as malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Helminths are generally classified into three categories: flatworms, roundworms, and acanthocephalans. Helminths cause diseases such as pinworm infection, ascariasis, tapeworm infection, cysticercosis, and schistosomiasis. Ectoparasites can include mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, lice, and mites. Many ectoparasites are pathogenic themselves, but more importantly, they act as vectors for a variety of different pathogens, including protozoa.

[0027] Furthermore, for the purposes of this application, the term "pest control" refers to a repellent effect, an insecticidal effect, or both. "Repellent effect" means that a host or area treated with the composition is repelled by more insects compared to a control host or area not treated with the composition. Similarly, the terms "repellent" or "repelling / repel" refer to the ability of the composition described herein to cause pests or insects to deviate from or avoid surfaces, objects, or insect breeding grounds treated with the composition. In some embodiments, a repellent effect means that a host or area treated with the composition is repelled by at least about 75% of insects. However, in some embodiments, a repellent effect means that a host or area treated with the composition is repelled by at least about 90% of insects. Furthermore, "insecticidal effect" or "insecticidal effect" means that treatment with the composition results in the death of at least about 1% of insects. In this regard, the LC1 to LC100 (lethal concentration) or LD1 to LD100 (lethal dose) of the composition will produce an insecticidal effect. In some embodiments, the insecticidal effect or insecticidal effect refers to the effect of treatment with the composition resulting in the death of at least about 5% of the exposed insects. In some embodiments, the target pest is a non-insect, such as a parasite.

[0028] As used herein, the term "killing / kill" refers to the ability of at least one active ingredient in an insecticidal composition to cause the death of an insect. As further used herein, the term "knockdown / knock down" refers to the ability of the composition described herein to render an insect immobile for a predetermined period of time. For example, a flying insect in contact with the composition described herein is described as "knocked down" if it falls to the ground and is unable to fly, even if it may be able to move body parts and cannot be classified as completely paralyzed. During knockdown, the insect's ability to move, feed, reproduce, spread disease, or cause irritation is severely reduced. As another example, a crawling insect in contact with the composition described herein is described as "knocked down" if it lies on its back and / or is unable to crawl, even if it may still have involuntary twitching or spasms. During knockdown, the insect's ability to move, feed, reproduce, spread disease, or cause irritation is severely reduced.

[0029] In the field of pest control, it is known that consumers expect products with reduced environmental impact. Therefore, it is important to develop pest control compositions with sustainable components that do not compromise their insecticidal or knockdown efficacy. Low-VOC pest control compositions comprising at least one insecticidal active agent, solvent, carrier, propellant, emulsifier, and corrosion inhibitor according to embodiments of this disclosure have been found to offer such benefits.

[0030] The compositions described herein present novel combinations of surfactants and / or other components, resulting in improved pest control compositions that provide consumers with sustainable, low-environmental-impact compositions without sacrificing efficacy. Compared to some other pest control products with higher VOC content, this sustainable composition allows users to spray pests with confidence that the composition has a low impact on the environment and indoor air quality.

[0031] In one implementation, one active ingredient is fast-acting and provides a "knockout" effect on the insect, rendering it immobile upon contact. Another active ingredient ultimately kills the insect, ensuring its death after being "knocked out."

[0032] Figure 1 A dispensing system 50 is depicted, comprising a container 52 and an outer cover 54 disposed thereon. An actuator 56 is at least partially disposed within the outer cover 54 and facilitates the dispensing of the composition of this disclosure from the dispensing system 50. In use, the product dispensing system 50 is adapted to release the composition from the container 52 upon the occurrence of specific conditions, such as manual actuation of the outer cover 54 by a user of the dispensing system 50.

[0033] Best as Figure 2 As shown, container 52 includes a generally cylindrical body 58 with an opening 60 at its top apex 62. A mounting cup 64 is press-fitted to a tapered portion of container 52, which forms the opening 60. The mounting cup 64 seals the top apex 62 of the body 58. A second press-fit portion at the bottom end of the tapered portion forms a seam 66. As is known in the art, the seam 66 and / or the mounting cup 64 provide a location to which an outer cap 54 can be attached.

[0034] Still refer to Figure 2 The mounting cup 64 is generally circular and may include an annular wall 68 that projects upward from the base 70 of the mounting cup 64 adjacent to the crimping area. A central platform 72 extends upward from the central portion 74 of the base 70. A conventional valve assembly may include a valve stem 76 connected to a valve body (not shown) and a valve spring (not shown) disposed within the container 52. The valve stem 76 extends upward through the platform 72, with its distal end 78 extending upward from the platform 72 and adapted to interact with an actuator 56 disposed within the outer cover 54. A longitudinal axis A extends through the valve stem 76.

[0035] Best as Figure 3 As shown, prior to use, actuator 56 is fluidly connected to the distal end 78 of valve stem 76. A user can manually or automatically operate actuator 56 to open the valve assembly, which causes a pressure difference between the container interior and the atmosphere, forcing the contents of container 52 through valve stem 76, through orifice 80, out of vortex chamber 82, and into the atmosphere. While this disclosure describes the composition with respect to aerosol container 52, the compositions of this disclosure can be implemented with a variety of types of containers known to those skilled in the art.

[0036] Figures 4 to 7 Another outer cap assembly 100, which can be used in conjunction with the dispensing system 50 and the formulation described herein, is depicted. Specifically, Figure 4 This is a front isometric view of the outer cover assembly 100. Figure 5 This is a front view of the outer cover assembly 100. Figure 6 It is the outer cover assembly 100 along Figure 5 The cross-sectional view taken by line 6-6. Figure 7 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the outer cover 100.

[0037] In this embodiment, the outer cap assembly 100 includes a body 102, an actuator or actuation button 104, and a nozzle 106. The nozzle 106 may extend outward from the actuation button 104, which may be at least partially disposed within the body 102 and facilitate the dispensing of a formulation or product from a container or dispensing system (e.g., dispensing system 50). In use, the outer cap assembly 100 may be adapted to release the product from the container upon the occurrence of specific conditions (e.g., manual pressing of the actuation button 104 by a user of dispensing system 50).

[0038] The dispensed formulation or product (which will be further discussed and disclosed herein) may be discharged through the outlet orifice orifice 108 of nozzle 106. Additionally, as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the outlet orifice or 108 may have a diameter D1. As will be discussed further, several changes in formulation performance have been observed as the orifice diameter is optimized and reduced. In short, the range of outlet orifice diameters (e.g., D1 of the outlet orifice or 108) combined with the formulations of this disclosure provides a synergistic effect in performance, thereby providing a lower VOC formulation with performance at least comparable to that of a higher VOC formulation.

[0039] Figures 8 to 11 Another outer cap assembly 200 is depicted for use in conjunction with the dispensing system 50 and formulation described herein. Here, Figure 8 This is a front isometric view of the outer cover assembly 200. Figure 9 This is its top view. Figure 10 It is the outer cover assembly 200 edge Figure 9 The cross-sectional view shown is taken by line 10-10. Figure 11 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the outer cover assembly 200.

[0040] In this embodiment, the outer cap assembly 200 includes a body 202, an actuator or actuation button 204, and a nozzle 206. The nozzle 206 may extend outwardly from the actuation button 204, which may be at least partially disposed within the body 202 and facilitate the dispensing of a formulation or product from a container or dispensing system (e.g., dispensing system 50). In use, the outer cap assembly 200 may be adapted to release the product from the container upon the occurrence of specific conditions (e.g., manual pressing of the actuation button 204 by a user of dispensing system 50).

[0041] The dispensed formulation or product (which will be further discussed and disclosed herein) may be discharged through the outlet orifice orifice 208 of nozzle 206. Additionally, as... Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the first outlet hole or hole 208 may have a diameter D2 (see Figure 208). Figure 11 As discussed earlier herein, performance variations have been observed between several formulations as the orifice diameter decreases. In short, the range of outlet orifice diameters (e.g., D2 of the outlet orifice orifice 208) combined with the formulations of this disclosure provides a synergistic effect in performance, thereby providing a lower VOC formulation with performance at least comparable to that of a higher VOC formulation.

[0042] Figures 12 to 15 A spray insert 300 is depicted for use in conjunction with the dispensing system 50, cap assembly 100, cap assembly 200 and / or formulations described herein. More specifically, the spray insert 300 may be positioned or inserted near an opening or outlet port (e.g., outlet port or port 108, 208) of the cap assembly. Figure 12 This is a front isometric view of the spray insert 300. Figure 13 This is a side elevation view of the spray insert 300. Figure 14 It is a spray insert 300 along Figure 13 The cross-sectional view taken by line 14-14. Figure 15 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the spray insert 300.

[0043] The spray insert 300 may have a body 302 and an outlet 304, the outlet 304 being formed of a diameter D3. Here, like diameters D1 and D2, diameter D3 can be optimized in conjunction with the formulations of this disclosure. More specifically, as previously discussed herein, changes in performance have been observed between several formulations as the orifice diameter decreases. In short, the range of outlet orifice diameters (e.g., D3 of the outlet 304) combined with the formulations of this disclosure provides a synergistic effect in performance, thereby providing a lower VOC formulation with performance at least comparable to higher VOC formulations.

[0044] For example, in some embodiments, the diameters D1, D2, D3 of the outlet orifice orifice 108, 208 or discharge outlet may be from about 0.75 mm to about 2.50 mm, or from about 0.75 mm to about 2.00 mm, or from about 0.75 mm to about 1.25 mm, or from about 0.75 mm to about 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the diameters D1, D2, D3 are about 1.00 mm. In other embodiments, the diameters D1, D2, D3 are from about 1.50 mm to about 2.50 mm, or from about 1.75 mm to about 2.30 mm, or about 2.00 mm, or about 1.30 mm.

[0045] It has been found that optimizing and reducing the outlet orifice diameter yields numerous benefits. The reduced diameter prevents propellant flashing before leaving the nozzle, allowing the dissolved propellant to burst outside the nozzle. This, in turn, produces a focused spray with a uniform distribution, optimal particle size, and an optimal spray pattern at approximately 12 to 18 inches from the nozzle. This focused spray enables the application of insecticide to individual bugs (rather than covering unintentionally large areas), and the insecticide does not drip after being sprayed onto the substrate, corners, or cracks.

[0046] Next, as will be discussed herein, the compositions or formulations disclosed herein provide pest control or insecticide compositions with reduced VOC levels (e.g., less than 8 wt% VOC). Furthermore, to achieve these low VOC levels, the composition employs a combination of an effective non-VOC solvent, an optimal propellant formulation and concentration, and a beneficial amount of emulsifier. Each of these aspects, as well as the other components of the composition, will now be discussed in detail.

[0047] Surfactant The active agent imparts insecticidal and / or repellent properties to the low-VOC pest control composition. In some embodiments, the active agent of the pest control composition of this disclosure may include one or more pyrethroids, pyrethroids, and combinations thereof. In specific embodiments, one or more active agents of the low-VOC pest control composition include one or more of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the active ingredient of the low-VOC pest control composition includes cypermethrin. In other embodiments, the active ingredient of the low-VOC pest control composition includes cypermethrin. In other embodiments, the active ingredient of the low-VOC pest control composition includes deltamethrin. In other embodiments, the active ingredient of the low-VOC pest control composition includes both cypermethrin and cypermethrin. In other embodiments, the active ingredient of the low-VOC pest control composition includes both cypermethrin and deltamethrin.

[0048] One or more active agents may be included in the composition in the range of about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.25 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%. Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, one or more active agents may be included in the composition at a concentration of about 0.22 wt%.

[0049] Cypermethrin (CAS No. 52315-07-8) is a synthetic pyrethroid that acts as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. The IUPAC name for cypermethrin is [cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ester. Cypermethrin may be included in the composition in amounts of at least 0.005 wt% or at least 0.01 wt% up to about 0.02 wt%, up to about 0.03 wt%, up to about 0.04 wt%, up to about 0.05 wt%, up to about 0.06 wt%, up to about 0.07 wt%, up to about 0.08 wt%, up to about 0.09 wt%, up to about 0.1 wt%, up to about 0.1034 wt%, up to about 0.11 wt%, up to about 0.12 wt%, or up to about 0.15 wt%. In other embodiments, cypermethrin may be included in the composition in the range of about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.15 wt%. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, cypermethrin may be included in the composition at a concentration of about 0.1 wt%.

[0050] ethamymidine(CAS No. 72963-72-5) is a synthetic pyrethroid that acts as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. The IUPAC name for pyrethroid is 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-[2,5-dioxo-3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)imidazolidine-1-yl]methyl ester. The pyrethroid may be included in the composition in amounts of at least 0.005 wt% or at least 0.01 wt% up to about 0.02 wt%, up to about 0.03 wt%, up to about 0.04 wt%, up to about 0.05 wt%, up to about 0.06 wt%, up to about 0.07 wt%, up to about 0.08 wt%, up to about 0.09 wt%, up to about 0.1 wt%, up to about 0.11 wt%, up to about 0.1188 wt%, up to about 0.12 wt%, or up to about 0.15 wt%. In other embodiments, propargyl may be included in the composition in the range of about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.15 wt%. Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, propargyl may be included in the composition at a concentration of about 0.12 wt%.

[0051] deltamethrin (CAS No. 52918-63-5) is a synthetic pyrethroid that acts as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. The IUPAC name for deltamethrin is [(S)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl](1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromoethene)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ester. Deltamethrin may be included in the composition in amounts of at least 0.01 wt% or at least 0.05 wt% or at least 0.1 wt% up to about 0.15 wt%, up to about 0.2 wt%, up to about 0.25 wt%, up to about 0.3 wt%, up to about 0.35 wt%, up to about 0.4 wt%, up to about 0.45 wt%, or up to about 0.5 wt%. In other embodiments, deltamethrin may be included in the composition in the range of about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 0.15 wt%. Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, deltamethrin may be included in the composition at a concentration of about 0.3 wt%.

[0052] solvent The compositions disclosed herein may also contain solvents, for example, for dissolving certain components, enhancing the functionality of components, or for textural and sensory properties. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises at least one of citrate esters, cyclohexanone, ethylene glycol ethers, C14-C16 saturated alkanes, C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof. In further embodiments, the solvent may additionally or alternatively comprise ethanol and acetone. The concentration of these non-VOC solvents is important for product performance because they determine the rate of emulsion demulsification. If the emulsion demulsifies too quickly, the composition is dispensed as a continuous flow rather than a mist spray.

[0053] In some embodiments, the composition comprises a solvent. In these embodiments, the solvent may comprise at least one of citrate esters, cyclohexanone, ethylene glycol ethers, C14-C16 saturated alkanes, C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof. These C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons may be free of residual chemical odor. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises a hydrocarbon solvent and a non-VOC solvent. In these embodiments, the non-VOC solvent may be a citrate ester, ethylene glycol ether, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, in these embodiments, the non-VOC solvent may contribute to the solubilization of surfactants, including cypermethrin, which has limited solubility in many solvents. Even further, the non-VOC solvent may be miscible with alkanes, C14-C16 straight-chain hydrocarbon solvents, or other hydrocarbon solvents.

[0054] The concentration of non-VOC solvents can also be critical to the functionality of the composition and can determine many parameters of the composition, such as the rate of emulsion demulsification. For example, if the emulsion demulsifies too quickly, the spray from the can may be emitted as a continuous stream rather than a mist, which is undesirable. Furthermore, sometimes small variations in the amount of solvent can cause the emulsion to demulsify too quickly and / or fail to form in the can when shaken. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand the complexity of preparing compositions using such solvents and the difficulty of preparing optimal aerosol compositions with non-VOC solvents.

[0055] In some embodiments, the composition contains about 1 wt% to about 55 wt% of solvent based on the total weight of the composition. In some other embodiments, the composition contains about 1 wt% to about 35 wt% of solvent based on the total weight of the composition. In a further embodiment, the composition contains about 25 wt% to about 52 wt% of solvent based on the total weight of the composition. In a further embodiment, the composition contains about 20 wt% to about 35 wt% of solvent based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the composition contains about 28 wt% to about 34 wt% of solvent based on the total weight of the composition, or about 29 wt% to about 34 wt% of solvent based on the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the solvent is present at about 28 wt% to about 29 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the solvent is present at about 29 wt% to about 30 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the solvent is present at about 30 wt% to about 31 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the solvent is present at about 32 wt% to about 33 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In yet another embodiment, the solvent is present in an amount of about 33 wt% to about 34 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, one or more solvents may each be present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 7 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 4.5 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt%, or about 0.01 wt% to about 2.5 wt%. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment are described, it should be understood that within the scope of this disclosure, the concentration of the solvent may vary to suit different applications. The concentration range of the solvent will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition, including but not limited to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, propargite, emulsifiers, propellants, corrosion inhibitors, and carriers.

[0056] Additionally, according to one embodiment, the solvent comprises at least one selected from citrate esters, cyclohexanone, ethylene glycol ethers, C14-C16 saturated alkanes, C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and / or combinations thereof. For example, in one embodiment, the solvent comprises at least one selected from C14-C16 saturated alkanes, ethylene glycol ethers, and / or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the solvent comprises at least one selected from C14-C16 saturated alkanes, citrate esters, and / or combinations thereof. In even further embodiments, the solvent is selected from citrate esters, cyclohexanone, ethylene glycol ethers, C14-C16 saturated alkanes, C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and / or combinations thereof.

[0057] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the solvent comprises C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons. Here, the solvent may be an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon or a class of isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, including synthetic mixtures of hydrocarbons. For example, some exemplary embodiments may include one or more of the following solvents: Ketrul® D100 (TotalEnergies SE, La Défense 6, France), Isopar® M (Exxon Mobil, Irving, TX), Isopar TM L (Exxon Mobil, Irving, TX), Sinopec's SMD 100, Sinopec's SMD 95, ShellSol TD, and combinations thereof. In these embodiments, the composition comprises about 25 wt% to about 44 wt% of C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons based on the total weight of the composition. In a further embodiment, the composition comprises about 28 wt% to about 35 wt% of C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, or about 28.20 wt% to about 34.50 wt% of C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, based on the total weight of the composition. In even a further embodiment, the composition comprises about 30.7 wt% to about 30.8 wt% of C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons based on the total weight of the composition. However, in other embodiments, the composition is substantially free of C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment are described, it should be understood that the concentration of C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons may vary within the scope of this disclosure to suit different applications. For example, the concentration range of C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition (such as activators, propellants, and carriers).

[0058] In another embodiment, the solvent comprises C14-C16 saturated alkanes. Here, the solvent may comprise a solvent of a mixture of alkanes. For example, some exemplary embodiments may include one or more of the following solvents: Ketrul® D100 (TotalEnergies SE, La Défense 6, France); gas-to-liquid (GTL) solvents, such as GS1927; Linpar® 1416 (Sasol Italy SPA, Milan, Italy); Ketrul® D80 (TotalEnergies SE, La Défense 6, France); Sinopec's SMD 80 and / or Exxsol. TMD80 (Exxon Mobil, Irving, TX). In these embodiments, the composition contains about 25 wt% to about 44 wt% of C14-C16 saturated alkanes based on the total weight of the composition. In a further embodiment, the composition contains about 28 wt% to about 35 wt% of C14-C16 saturated alkanes based on the total weight of the composition. In even further embodiments, the composition contains about 28.2 wt% to about 34.5 wt% of C14-C16 saturated alkanes based on the total weight of the composition. In still further embodiments, the composition contains about 32.64 wt% of C14-C16 saturated alkanes based on the total weight of the composition. However, in other embodiments, the composition is substantially free of C14-C16 saturated alkanes. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment have been described, it should be understood that the concentration of C14-C16 saturated alkanes may vary within the scope of this disclosure to suit different applications. For example, the concentration range of C14-C16 saturated alkanes will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition (such as activators, propellants, and carriers).

[0059] In yet another embodiment, the solvent comprises an ethylene glycol ether. For example, some exemplary embodiments may include one or more of the following solvents: Butyl CARBITOL TM Solvents (Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI), DOWANOL® DPNP glycol ethers (Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI), Hexyl CARBITOL TM Solvent (Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI), Hexyl CELLOSOLVE TMThe composition comprises glycol ether solvents provided by Dow Chemical Co. (Midland, MI), DOWANOL® PPh glycol ether (Dow Chemical Co. (Midland, MI)) and / or LyondellBasell® (LyondellBasellIndustries Holdings BV (besloten vennootschap (bv); Netherlands)), including, for example, glycol ethers DB and DE. In these embodiments, the composition contains about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of glycol ethers based on the total weight of the composition. In a further embodiment, the composition contains about 0.15 wt% to about 5 wt% of glycol ethers based on the total weight of the composition. In even further embodiments, the composition contains about 0.2 wt% to about 2.5 wt% of glycol ethers based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the composition contains about 0.2 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, or about 0.2 wt% to about 1.3 wt% of glycol ethers based on the total weight of the composition. However, in some embodiments, the composition is substantially free of glycol ethers. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment are described, it should be understood that within the scope of this disclosure, the concentration of glycol ethers may vary to suit different applications. For example, the concentration range of glycol ethers will vary depending on additional components of the pest control composition, such as surfactants, propellants, and carriers.

[0060] Further, in some embodiments, the solvent comprises a citrate ester. For example, some exemplary embodiments may include one or more of the following solvents: triethyl citrate (e.g., Citroflex® C-2, Aurrorium Holdings LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana), acetylacetyl triethyl citrate (e.g., Citroflex® A-2), tributyl citrate (e.g., Citroflex® C-4), acetylacetyl tributyl citrate (Citroflex® A-4), acetylacetyl tributyl citrate (Citroflex® A-6), n-butyryl tributyl citrate (Citroflex® B-6), and combinations thereof. Citroflex® solvents are biodegradable and non-toxic, and Citroflex® A-4 (also known as acetylacetyl tributyl citrate) is phthalate-free. In these embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt% of a citrate ester based on the total weight of the composition. In a further embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.15 wt% to about 8 wt% of a citrate ester based on the total weight of the composition. In even further embodiments, the composition contains about 0.2 wt% to about 2.5 wt% of citrate esters based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the composition contains about 0.2 wt% to about 1.3 wt% of citrate esters based on the total weight of the composition. However, in other embodiments, the composition is substantially free of citrate esters. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment have been described, it should be understood that the concentration of citrate esters may vary within the scope of this disclosure to suit different applications. For example, the concentration range of glycol ethers will vary depending on additional components of the pest control composition, such as surfactants, propellants, and carriers.

[0061] emulsifier The compositions disclosed herein may also contain emulsifiers, for example, for maintaining the active ingredient in an emulsified state within the composition. The concentration of the emulsifier is also important for product performance. Compositions with too low an emulsifier concentration exhibit poor spraying performance due to incomplete emulsion formation, while compositions with too high an emulsifier concentration exhibit a thick, foamy spray, which affects insecticidal performance. In some embodiments, the composition contains an emulsifier. In some embodiments, the emulsifier contains at least one of lecithin, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, sodium castor oil, saponins, polyglycerol oleate, glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate, and any combination thereof.

[0062] In some embodiments, the emulsifier is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 4 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the composition contains about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt% of emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt% of emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% of emulsifier based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the emulsifier is present in an amount of about 0.05 wt% to about 0.2 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. However, in even further embodiments, the composition is substantially free of emulsifier. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment are described, it should be understood that within the scope of this disclosure, the concentration of the emulsifier may vary to suit different applications and product formulations (e.g., foaming aerosols versus fast-demulsifying aerosols). The concentration range of the emulsifier will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition, including but not limited to solvents, carriers, corrosion inhibitors, propellants, and surfactants.

[0063] Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the emulsifier comprises sorbitan monooleate. In this embodiment, sorbitan monooleate is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 4 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 3 wt% sorbitan monooleate based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 2 wt% sorbitan monooleate based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% sorbitan monooleate based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, sorbitan monooleate is present in an amount of about 0.05 wt% to about 0.2 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In a further embodiment, sorbitan monooleate is present in an amount of about 0.115 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. However, in even further embodiments, the composition is substantially free of sorbitan monooleate. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment are described, it should be understood that within the scope of this disclosure, the concentration of sorbitan monooleate may vary to suit different applications. The concentration range of sorbitan monooleate will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition, including but not limited to solvents, carriers, corrosion inhibitors, propellants, and surfactants.

[0064] carrier The compositions disclosed herein may also include a carrier, such as one used to aid in the delivery of the active agent, diluent, and flow aid. The carrier improves the homogeneity of the contents and promotes the reproducibility of the applied dose. The carrier, together with other components, enables the effective dispersion of the insecticide. As used herein, the term "carrier" refers to a material, which may be inorganic or organic and of synthetic or natural origin, to which the active agent is mixed or formulated to facilitate its application to a host, area, or other object to be treated, or to facilitate its storage, transport, and / or treatment. Generally, any material conventionally used in the formulation of repellents, insecticides, herbicides, or fungicides is suitable.

[0065] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 5 wt% to about 95 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 90 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 85 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 80 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 75 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 70 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 65 wt% of a carrier. In a further embodiment, the formulation comprises about 50 wt% to about 70 wt% of a carrier based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 55.5 wt% to about 62.5 wt% of a carrier based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the composition comprises about 55 wt% to about 63 wt% of a carrier based on the total weight of the composition. In still a further embodiment, the composition comprises about 57 wt% to about 60 wt% of a carrier based on the total weight of the composition. In still a further embodiment, the composition comprises about 58 wt% or about 59 wt% of a carrier based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the carrier comprises purified water. In other embodiments, the carrier is purified water. In a further embodiment, the carrier is an oil, such as mineral oil. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment have been described, it should be understood that within the scope of this disclosure, the carrier content may vary to suit different applications. The range of carrier content will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition, such as surfactants, solvents, corrosion inhibitors, and emulsifiers.

[0066] corrosion inhibitor The compositions disclosed herein may also contain corrosion inhibitors, such as those used to help prevent degradation of the metal containers used for storing and / or dispensing the compositions. Pest control formulations disclosed herein may be provided to users in metal containers. Preventing container corrosion is important to avoid leakage and waste of contents during prolonged storage between uses. Therefore, corrosion inhibitors may be added to the formulation to extend shelf life. Corrosion inhibitors may include inorganic compounds as well as aliphatic or aromatic amines and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. In specific embodiments herein, the organic salt ammonium benzoate is used as a corrosion inhibitor. In some embodiments, ammonium benzoate is included in the composition at a content of about 0.05 wt% to about 2 wt%, or about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%, or about 0.05 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or about 0.05 wt% to about 0.2 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, ammonium benzoate is included in the composition at a content of about 0.075 wt% to about 0.15 wt%. In one particular embodiment, ammonium benzoate may be included in an amount from about 0.08 wt% to about 0.11 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In another particular embodiment, ammonium benzoate may be included in an amount from about 0.090 wt% or 0.105 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. However, in even further embodiments, the composition is substantially free of corrosion inhibitors. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment are described, it should be understood that within the scope of this disclosure, the concentration of corrosion inhibitors may vary to suit different applications. The concentration range of corrosion inhibitors will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition, including but not limited to solvents, carriers, emulsifiers, propellants, and surfactants.

[0067] propellant In some embodiments, the composition comprises a propellant, for example, to provide force for discharging the formulation from the container. In some embodiments, the propellant is selected from methane, ethane, propane, pentane, isobutylene, n-butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, liquefied petroleum gas, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the propellant may be pressurized in the container to about 50 psi, about 60 psi, about 70 psi, about 80 psi, about 90 psi, or about 100 psi. In other embodiments, the propellant pressure is about 70 psi to about 100 psi, or about 80 psi to about 96 psi. In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 wt% to about 10 wt% of propellant based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 5 wt% to about 8 wt% propellant based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 6.5 wt% to about 8 wt% propellant based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 7 wt% to about 8 wt% propellant based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 7.5 wt% propellant based on the total weight of the composition. In a specific embodiment, the composition contains less than 10 wt%, less than 9 wt%, or less than 8 wt% propellant by weight percentage.

[0068] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the propellant is at least partially part of the composition and is dissolved in the active or organic phase of the formulation. Therefore, the propellant contributes to the formation of the emulsion system. While specific values ​​selected for this embodiment have been described, it should be understood that within the scope of this disclosure, the concentration of the propellant may vary to suit different applications. The concentration range of the propellant will vary depending on the additional components of the pest control composition, including but not limited to solvents, carriers, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and activators.

[0069] In some embodiments, the propellant comprises at least one of isobutane, propane, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the propellant comprises a combination of isobutane and propane, wherein the weight ratio of isobutane to propane is from about 20:80 to about 45:55. In a further embodiment, the propellant comprises a combination of isobutane and propane, wherein the weight ratio of isobutane to propane is about 30:70. In a further embodiment, the propellant is A-90 propellant, comprising a combination of isobutane and propane, wherein the weight ratio of isobutane to propane is about 30.16:69.84. In a further embodiment, the propellant is A-70 propellant, comprising a combination of isobutane and propane, wherein the weight ratio of isobutane to propane is about 57.11:42.89. If the weight ratio of isobutane to propane is greater than 21.27:78.73, it has been found that the propellant pressure produces a fine mist with a particle size unsuitable for targeting reptiles. When the particle size is too small, they form tiny droplets, causing the surfactant or carrier to evaporate rapidly, which in turn hinders the delivery of the surfactant through the insect's cuticle. By balancing the ratio of isobutane to propane, a stable emulsion was produced that generates the appropriate energy upon exiting the actuator. Specifically, the correct balance of the isobutane to propane ratio helps to miscible with the composition and form an emulsion, while still having enough propane to provide the energy required for flash evaporation in the nozzle. This contrasts with other mainstream aerosols that have higher propellant pressures, produce finer particles, and have wider spray diameters. Once in the air, the propellant in the formulation helps to break the formulation into particles of the correct diameter, enabling the composition to hit and cover the target insect. This demonstrates the importance of having the correct propellant ratio in the formulation. By optimizing the propellant composition, a formulation that allows for flexibility and interchangeability between the actuator and the valve was produced.

[0070] essence In some embodiments, the composition includes a fragrance, for example, to improve the odor of the composition. Suitable fragrances for use as active agents can be any suitable natural or synthetic fragrance, based on a single component or a blend of components. Fragrances are commercially available from fragrance manufacturers such as Takasago, International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Quest, Firmenich, Givaudan, Symrise, etc.

[0071] In some embodiments, the fragrance is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the fragrance is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the composition contains about 0.1 wt% to about 0.3 wt% of fragrance based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition contains about 0.2 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of fragrance based on the total weight of the composition. However, in even further embodiments, the composition is substantially fragrance-free.

[0072] Furthermore, the propellant and its concentration can help produce optimal spray characteristics for the composition. Specifically, in some embodiments, the emission rate of the composition can be from about 1 g / s to about 6.0 g / s, or from about 1.5 g / s to about 4.0 g / s, or from about 2.0 g / s to about 3.5 g / s, or from about 2.2 g / s to about 3.4 g / s, or from about 2.5 g / s to about 3.5 g / s, or from about 2.6 g / s to about 3.2 g / s. In a particular embodiment, the emission rate of the composition can be about 2.9 g / s.

[0073] The composition may also have an optimal particle size, such as an optimal Dv(50) value. In some embodiments, the Dv(50) value of the composition may be about 100 μm to about 300 μm, or about 100 μm to about 250 μm, or about 130 μm to about 210 μm, or about 150 μm to about 200 μm, or about 165 μm to about 195 μm. In a particular embodiment, the Dv(50) particle size of the composition may be about 180 μm.

[0074] The composition may also have an optimal pattern diameter. In these embodiments, the pattern diameter may be from about 1 inch to about 8 inches, or from about 3 inches to about 5 inches, or from about 3.5 inches to about 4 inches.

[0075] The composition may also have an optimal spray distance. In these embodiments, the spray distance may be from about 6 inches to about 30 inches, or from about 15 inches to about 20 inches. In a particular embodiment, the spray distance may be about 18 inches.

[0076] Example The following examples are provided to illustrate and further explain certain embodiments and aspects of this disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure.

[0077] Example 1. Preparation of a stable low-VOC insecticide formulation According to embodiments of this disclosure, the composition may comprise an active agent or combination of active agents, a solvent or combination of solvents, an emulsifier, a carrier, a propellant, and a corrosion inhibitor. Five exemplary formulations (i.e., formulation 1, formulation 2, formulation 3, formulation 4, and formulation 5) are shown in Table 1, all of which produce stable compositions with a VOC content of less than 10 wt% (i.e., a VOC content of about 7.2 wt% to about 7.85 wt%). All concentrations are expressed in wt% based on the total weight of the composition. A fragrance wt% value of 0% indicates that the composition is substantially fragrance-free.

[0078] Table 1. Exemplary formulations.

[0079]

[0080] In addition, all formulations contain a propellant comprising isobutane and propane, wherein the weight percentage of isobutane is from about 27.27 wt% to about 44.13 wt% based on the weight of the propellant, and the weight percentage of propane is from about 55.87 wt% to about 78.73 wt% based on the weight of the propellant.

[0081] Example 2. Spray performance of a stable low-VOC insecticide formulation Using the outer cap assembly disclosed herein, the spray performance of this disclosure was compared with that of a reference formulation. Specifically, refer to... Figure 16 The two formulations disclosed herein (i.e., formulation A and formulation B) are compared with a reference formulation (i.e., formulation C). Further information regarding formulations A through C is shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.

[0082] Table 2. Emission rates and particle sizes of formulations A through C when the tank is 100% full.

[0083] Table 3. Emission rates and particle sizes of formulations A to C when the tank is 25% full.

[0084] Furthermore, further information regarding the composition of formulations A through C of this disclosure is shown in Table 4 below.

[0085] Table 4. Components of Formulation B and Formulation C.

[0086]

[0087] Formulation A has a propellant with an isobutane to propane weight ratio of approximately 57.11:42.89. Formulations B and C have a propellant with an isobutane to propane weight ratio of approximately 30.16:69.84.

[0088] Formulation A is dispensed using the outer cap assembly 100, and the diameter D1 of the outlet orifice orifice 108 is approximately 1.00 mm. Next, formulation B is dispensed using the outer cap assembly 200, and in this embodiment, the diameter D2 of the outlet orifice orifice 208 is approximately 1.30 mm. Finally, formulation C is dispensed using the outer cap assembly 200, and in this embodiment, the diameter D2 of the outlet orifice orifice 208 is approximately 1.00 mm.

[0089] Figure 16 Several spray patterns of the outer cap assembly and formulation of this disclosure are shown. Reference Figure 16 The spray patterns and performance of the formulations disclosed herein (i.e., formulations B and C) are comparable to or identical to those of the reference formulation (i.e., formulation A). Specifically, formulation C, in combination with the outer cap assembly 200 and the outlet orifice 208 with a diameter D2 of approximately 1.00 mm, produces a spray pattern comparable to that of reference formulation A. Therefore, despite reduced propellant and lower VOC levels, the formulations and dispensing system of this disclosure still achieve optimal spray patterns.

[0090] The various methods and techniques described above provide multiple ways to implement embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood, of course, that not all described objectives or advantages can be achieved according to any particular embodiment described herein. Therefore, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods may be performed in a manner that achieves one or a set of advantages taught herein, without necessarily achieving other objectives or advantages that may be taught or suggested herein. Various advantageous and disadvantageous alternatives are mentioned herein. It should be understood that some preferred embodiments specifically include one, another, or several advantageous features, while other embodiments specifically exclude one, another, or several disadvantageous features, and still others specifically mitigate existing disadvantageous features by including one, another, or several advantageous features.

[0091] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of various features from different implementations. Similarly, the various elements, features, and steps discussed above, as well as other known equivalents of each such element, feature, or step, can be mixed and matched by those skilled in the art to perform methods according to the principles described herein. Among the various elements, features, and steps, some will be specifically included in different implementations, while others will be specifically excluded.

[0092] Although the invention has been disclosed in the context of certain embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments of the invention extend beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or uses, modifications and equivalents thereof.

[0093] Numerous variations and alternatives have been disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize further variations and alternatives. These variations include, but are not limited to, selecting at least two active ingredients for use in the pest control composition, the target pest, and the amounts of various components present in the pest control composition. Various embodiments of the present invention may specifically include or exclude any of these variations or elements.

[0094] In some embodiments, numerical values ​​for the amounts and properties (e.g., weight percentage, repellency percentage, etc.) of components used to describe and claim certain embodiments of the invention should, in some cases, be understood to be modified by the term "about". Therefore, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description and appended claims are approximate values ​​that may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained in a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should be interpreted according to the number of significant figures reported and by applying common rounding techniques. Although the wide range of numerical ranges and parameters set forth in some embodiments of the invention are approximate values, the values ​​set forth in the specific embodiments are reported as precisely as possible. The values ​​presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain some errors necessarily caused by the standard deviation found in their respective test measurements.

[0095] In some embodiments, the terms “a / an” and “the,” and similar references used in the context of describing particular embodiments of this disclosure (particularly in the context of certain following claims), may be interpreted as encompassing both singular and plural. The descriptions of numerical ranges herein are intended merely as a shorthand method of individually referring to each individual value falling within that range. Unless otherwise stated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually described herein. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise stated herein or where the context clearly contradicts it. The use of any and all embodiments or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended only to better illustrate the invention and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of the invention as otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating that any unclaimed element is necessary for the practice of the invention.

[0096] The grouping of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting. Each member of a group may be cited and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. For convenience and / or patentability reasons, one or more members of a group may be included in or removed from the group. When any such inclusion or removal occurs, the specification is hereby deemed to contain the group so modified to satisfy the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

[0097] This document describes specific embodiments of the present disclosure. It is anticipated that those skilled in the art will employ such variations where appropriate, and that the invention can be practiced in ways other than those specifically described herein. Therefore, many embodiments of the invention include all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter set forth in the appended claims as permitted by applicable law. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated herein or where the context clearly contradicts it, any combination of the foregoing elements with all possible variations is covered by the invention.

[0098] Industrial applicability It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the invention. Other modifications may be made within the scope of the invention. Therefore, alternative configurations of the invention can be utilized based on the teachings herein by way of example rather than limitation. Consequently, embodiments of the invention are not limited to those precisely shown and described.

Claims

1. An insecticidal composition, said composition comprising: The active phase comprises one or more solvents and active ingredients; An aqueous phase, said aqueous phase comprising water; and Propellant The one or more solvents mentioned above are selected from citrate esters, cyclohexanone, ethanol, acetone, ethylene glycol ethers, C14-16 saturated alkanes, and C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons; The content of volatile organic compounds in the composition is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

2. The insecticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, the one or more solvents comprise glycol ethers and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than about 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

3. The insecticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, propargyl, and combinations thereof, the one or more solvents comprise citrate and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than about 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

4. The insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition further comprises about 0.01 wt% to 2 wt% of sorbitan monooleate emulsifier.

5. The insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition further comprises about 0.01 wt% to 2 wt% of ammonium benzoate corrosion inhibitor.

6. The insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the content of the one or more solvents is greater than 25 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

7. The insecticidal composition according to claim 6, wherein one or more solvents are selected from citrate esters, ethylene glycol ethers, C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and combinations thereof.

8. The insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the propellant comprises isobutane and propane in a weight ratio of isobutane to propane of about 20:80 to about 45:

55.

9. An insecticidal composition, said composition comprising: The active phase comprises one or more solvents and active ingredients; An aqueous phase, said aqueous phase comprising water; and Propellant The content of one or more solvents is greater than 30 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. The content of volatile organic compounds in the composition is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

10. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, wherein the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof, the one or more solvents comprise C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the propellant content is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

11. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, wherein the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof, the one or more solvents comprise C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

12. The insecticidal composition according to claim 9, wherein the active ingredient is at least one of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and combinations thereof, the one or more solvents comprise ethylene glycol ethers and C14-C16 saturated alkanes, and the propellant content is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

13. The insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein one or more solvents are selected from citrate esters, cyclohexanone, and glycol ethers.

14. The insecticidal composition according to claim 13, wherein the one or more solvents are selected from citrate esters, glycol ethers, and combinations thereof.

15. The insecticidal composition according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the propellant comprises isobutane and propane in a weight ratio of isobutane to propane of about 20:80 to about 45:

55.

16. An allocation system, the allocation system comprising: A container in which the composition is disposed; as well as An outer cap assembly attached to the container, the outer cap assembly comprising: main body; Actuator; and The nozzle has an outlet orifice with a diameter of about 0.75 mm to about 2 mm. The composition said composition comprises: The active phase comprises one or more solvents and active ingredients; An aqueous phase, said aqueous phase comprising water; and Propellant The one or more solvents mentioned above are selected from citrate esters, glycol ethers, C14-16 saturated alkanes, and C11-C16 aliphatic hydrocarbons. The content of volatile organic compounds in the composition is less than 8 wt% based on the total weight of the composition.

17. The dispensing system of claim 16, wherein the diameter of the outlet orifice is about 1.0 mm to about 1.3 mm.

18. The dispensing system according to claim 16 or 17, wherein when the container is 100% full, the composition is dispensed with a Dv(50) particle size of about 130 μm to about 210 μm.

19. The dispensing system according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the composition is dispensed at an emission rate of about 2.2 g / s to about 3.4 g / s.

20. The dispensing system according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the system produces a spray distance of about 15 inches to about 20 inches.

Images