Self-propelled bulb fritillary orchid harvester

Abstract

The application discloses a self-propelled bulb of fritillaria ussuriensis harvest machine, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, which comprises a frame, a self-propelled walking chassis, a pickup lifting device, a countercurrent ladder screen, a drum screen, a lateral conveying device and a screen-beating coupling device. The pickup lifting device is used for picking up and conveying the fritillaria- soil mixture containing the bulb of fritillaria ussuriensis and soil to the countercurrent ladder screen; the countercurrent ladder screen conducts countercurrent lifting and primary screening on the fritillaria- soil mixture and then conveys the fritillaria- soil mixture to the drum screen for further screening; the fritillaria- soil mixture output by the drum screen is conveyed to the screen-beating coupling device through the lateral conveying device; the screen body in the screen-beating coupling device conducts reciprocating screening movement, and simultaneously drives the beating mechanism to beat and break the soil of the fritillaria- soil mixture, so that the screening and soil breaking are simultaneously conducted. The application can realize continuous picking, multi-stage screening and soil breaking and separation of the bulb of fritillaria ussuriensis, improve the harvesting efficiency and screening effect of the bulb of fritillaria ussuriensis, and reduce the soil content on the screen and the damage rate of the bulb of fritillaria ussuriensis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a Chinese medicinal herb harvesting equipment, and more particularly to a self-propelled Fritillaria harvester suitable for picking up, lifting, multi-stage screening, and soil separation of Fritillaria thunbergii mixtures during the harvesting process. Background Technology

[0002] Fritillaria cirrhosa is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Liliaceae family and is one of the important varieties of Fritillaria cirrhosa in traditional Chinese medicine. The bulbs of Fritillaria cirrhosa are usually flat and disc-shaped, and are small in size. They are buried in the soil. When harvesting, Fritillaria cirrhosa and the surrounding soil need to be dug up together, and then separated from the soil through processes such as sieving and soil removal.

[0003] Currently, the harvesting of Fritillaria cirrhosa is still mainly done manually. Manual harvesting typically involves digging up the soil, followed by manual picking, shaking off the soil, sieving, and loading. This method is labor-intensive, requires a large workforce, and has low efficiency. With the decrease in rural labor and the rise in labor costs, the shortage of labor during the peak harvest season for Fritillaria cirrhosa is becoming increasingly prominent, easily leading to untimely harvesting, which in turn affects the quality of Fritillaria cirrhosa and the profitability of its cultivation.

[0004] While some existing harvesting machinery for root and tuber crops, bulbs, or peanuts can perform digging, conveying, and screening operations, their main focus on crop morphology, material composition, and harvesting conditions differs significantly from those for Fritillaria cirrhosa. For example, peanut combine harvesters typically aim to separate peanut vines, pods, and light impurities, focusing on issues such as pod removal, weed clearing, wind separation, and dust control. In contrast, the material to be processed during Fritillaria cirrhosa harvesting is primarily a mixture of Fritillaria cirrhosa and soil. The core challenge lies in how to improve soil breaking and screening efficiency, reduce soil content on the screen, and increase the cleanliness rate while minimizing damage to the Fritillaria cirrhosa.

[0005] Existing screening devices mostly employ single-stage vibrating screens, drum screens, or conveyor screens. Single-stage screening devices have short screening paths and limited screening areas. When the feed volume of the shellfish-soil mixture is large, or when the soil is heavy and has many clumps, problems such as insufficient soil crushing, screen clogging, and high soil content on the screen easily occur. Although drum screens can extend the material tumbling path, their ability to crush larger soil clumps is limited, and when used alone, they are still difficult to fully separate fritillaria from soil. Ordinary vibrating screens usually rely on screen body vibration to achieve material conveying and screening, and their active crushing effect on soil clumps is insufficient, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve high screening efficiency and low-damage harvesting requirements.

[0006] Furthermore, towed or backpack harvesting machines have high travel speeds and insufficient stability during operation, resulting in a large amount of shellfish and soil mixture fed in, leading to a high soil content on the screen and poor screening efficiency. Additionally, their large turning radius makes them unsuitable for harvesting small plots. For medicinal herbs like Fritillaria cirrhosa, which are small in size, easily mixed with soil, and easily damaged, there is an urgent need for specialized harvesting machinery capable of stable low-speed travel, continuous picking and lifting, grading and screening, and effectively separating soil clods.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a self-propelled Fritillaria cirrhosa harvester that, through the coordinated operation of mechanisms such as picking and lifting, counter-current stepped screen, drum screen, lateral conveying, and screen-pulverized coupling, can reduce damage to Fritillaria cirrhosa, improve the screening efficiency and soil crushing effect of the Fritillaria cirrhosa-soil mixture, reduce the soil content on the screen, and achieve efficient and low-damage mechanized harvesting of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a self-propelled Fritillaria cirrhosa harvester to achieve continuous picking, lifting, multi-stage screening, and soil separation of the Fritillaria cirrhosa-soil mixture during harvesting, thereby improving harvesting efficiency and screening effect, and reducing the soil content on the screen and the damage rate of the Fritillaria cirrhosa. To achieve the above objective, this invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, a self-propelled fritillaria harvester is provided, comprising a frame, a self-propelled chassis disposed below the frame, a pickup and lifting device disposed at the front of the frame, a counter-current stepped screen disposed behind the pickup and lifting device, a drum screen disposed behind the counter-current stepped screen, a lateral conveying device disposed on the discharge side of the drum screen, and a screen coupling device disposed on the side of the frame; the pickup and lifting device is used to pick up and lift a mixture of fritillaria and soil to the counter-current stepped screen; the counter-current stepped screen is used to receive the mixture of fritillaria and soil output by the pickup and lifting device. The shell and soil mixture moves in the opposite direction to its downward gravitational pull, thus performing primary screening during the countercurrent lifting process. The drum screen receives the shell and soil mixture output from the countercurrent stepped screen and performs drum screening on the mixture. The lateral conveying device transports the shell and soil mixture output from the drum screen to the screen-beating coupling device. The screen-beating coupling device includes a screen body and a beating mechanism. The screen body is configured to perform reciprocating screening motion, and the beating mechanism is drivenly connected to the screen body so that when the screen body performs reciprocating screening motion, the screen body drives the beating mechanism to beat and break up the shell and soil mixture on the screen body.

[0010] Furthermore, the sieve-beating coupling device includes an upper sieve body, a lower sieve body, a swing arm mechanism, and the beating mechanism. The upper sieve body and the lower sieve body are respectively connected to the swing arm mechanism and reciprocate under the drive of the swing arm mechanism.

[0011] Preferably, the upper screen and the lower screen are inclined in opposite directions, so that the shell-soil mixture falls to the lower screen after being screened by the upper screen and continues to be screened on the lower screen.

[0012] Furthermore, the screen coupling device also includes a crank, a rocker arm, and a fulcrum shaft. The crank drives the swing arm mechanism to swing through the rocker arm, and the swing arm mechanism drives the upper screen body and the lower screen body to reciprocate around the fulcrum shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, the beating mechanism includes a beater and a beater connecting rod. The beater is connected to the screen body through the beater connecting rod, so that the beating device is driven to swing synchronously by the reciprocating sieving motion of the screen body.

[0014] Preferably, the beating mechanism does not have an independent power source, and the beating action of the beating device is directly driven by the reciprocating sieving motion of the screen body.

[0015] Optionally, there are two sets of screen-beating coupling devices, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the frame. The lateral conveying device is used to convey the shell-soil mixture output from the drum screen to the two sets of screen-beating coupling devices.

[0016] Furthermore, the countercurrent stepped screen includes a stepped screen body, a drive shaft, a crank-rocker mechanism, and a double-rocker mechanism. The drive shaft drives the double-rocker mechanism to move through the crank-rocker mechanism, and the double-rocker mechanism drives the stepped screen body to reciprocate.

[0017] Preferably, the stepped screen body has multiple stepped sections arranged sequentially along the movement direction of the shell-soil mixture. The multiple stepped sections are used to push the shell-soil mixture against the current and lift it up when the stepped screen body swings back and forth, and to make the soil particles fall and be screened out.

[0018] Furthermore, the drum screen includes a drum body, a support wheel, a transmission gear ring, a transmission gear, and a lifting component disposed within the drum body. The drum body is supported by the support wheel, and the transmission gear meshes with the transmission gear ring to drive the drum body to rotate.

[0019] Furthermore, the pickup and lifting device includes a conveyor roller, a pickup scoop, a retaining shovel, a hydraulic motor, a transmission mechanism, and a lifting drive component. The lifting drive component is connected between the frame and the pickup and lifting device and is used to drive the pickup and lifting device to move up and down relative to the frame.

[0020] Preferably, the transmission mechanism includes a bevel gearbox, a parallel reversing gearbox, and a chain drive mechanism. The hydraulic motor drives the conveying roller and the picking spoon to rotate via the bevel gearbox, the parallel reversing gearbox, and the chain drive mechanism, respectively, and the conveying roller and the picking spoon rotate in opposite directions.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, the self-propelled Fritillaria cirrhosa harvester of the present invention, by setting up a frame, a self-propelled chassis, a picking and lifting device, a counter-current stepped screen, a drum screen, a side conveying device, and a screen-beating coupling device, the picking and lifting device picks up and lifts the mixture of Fritillaria cirrhosa and soil, the counter-current stepped screen performs primary screening of the mixture during the counter-current lifting process, the drum screen performs further drum screening of the mixture, and the side conveying device transports the mixture output from the drum screen to the screen-beating coupling device, where the screen body of the screen-beating coupling device performs reciprocating screening motion, while simultaneously driving the beating mechanism to beat and break up the mixture on the screen body. This solves the problems of low efficiency of manual harvesting, insufficient breaking up of soil clods in the Fritillaria cirrhosa mixture, poor screening effect, high soil content on the screen, and easy damage to Fritillaria cirrhosa during the harvesting process. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the self-propelled flat fritillary harvester of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a top view of the self-propelled flat fritillary harvester of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the picking and lifting device in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the pickup and lifting device in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the countercurrent stepped screen in this invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drum screen in this invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral conveying device in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sieve coupling device in this invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the self-propelled flat fritillary harvester of the present invention;

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0032] 1. Pickup and lifting device; 2. Counter-current stepped screen; 3. Driver's cab; 4. Self-propelled chassis; 5. Drum screen; 6. Screen coupling device; 7. Side conveyor; 8. Loading conveyor;

[0033] 11. Hydraulic motor; 12. Bevel gearbox; 13. Parallel reversing gearbox; 14. First chain drive mechanism; 15. Shaft; 16. Second chain drive mechanism; 17. Escort roller; 18. Depth limiting wheel; 19. Third chain drive mechanism; 20. Bending chain drive mechanism with lugs; 21. Pick-up scoop; 22. Anti-loosening device; 23. Pick-up linkage assembly; 24. Hydraulic cylinder; 25. Excavating shovel; 26. Driven sprocket assembly; 27. Retaining shovel;

[0034] 31. First rocker arm; 32. Screen body; 33. Second rocker arm; 34. Crank; 35. Chain drive mechanism; 36. Bevel gear box; 37. Universal joint; 38. Drive shaft; 39. Pivot shaft; 40. First rocker arm; 41. Second rocker arm; 42. Receiving port;

[0035] 51. Lifting plate; 52. Rubber wheel; 53. Lifting plate; 54. Transmission gear ring;

[0036] 61. Receiving port; 62. First chain drive mechanism; 63. Second chain drive mechanism; 64. Speed ​​reduction gearbox; 65. Third chain drive mechanism; 66. Bevel gearbox; 67. Drive gear; 68. Conveyor belt;

[0037] 71. Crank; 72. Frame; 73. Rocker arm; 74. Beater; 75. Beater connecting rod; 76. Lower screen frame; 77. Upper screen frame; 78. Pivot shaft;

[0038] 81. Hydraulic oil radiator; 82. Diesel tank; 83. Engine; 84. Gearbox; 85. Pickup hydraulic pump; 86. Hydraulic oil tank. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent substitutions, simple modifications, or conventional improvements made based on the concept of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In this manual, the directional terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" are all based on the direction of travel of the self-propelled flat fritillary harvester during normal forward operation; the side closer to the direction of travel is the front side, and the side farther from the direction of travel is the rear side. Unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "connection," "installation," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly, referring to fixed connections or detachable connections; direct connections or indirect connections via intermediate components.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a self-propelled fritillaria harvester, including a frame, a self-propelled chassis 4, a pickup and lifting device 1, a counter-current stepped screen 2, a drum screen 5, a side conveying device 7, and a screen-paddle coupling device 6. The self-propelled chassis 4 is located below the frame, supporting the entire machine and driving it through the field. The pickup and lifting device 1 is located at the front of the frame, used to pick up and lift the fritillaria-soil mixture containing fritillaria and soil from the surface or shallow soil. The counter-current stepped screen 2 is located behind the pickup and lifting device 1, used to receive the fritillaria-soil mixture output by the pickup and lifting device 1, and to perform primary screening of the mixture during the counter-current lifting process. The drum screen 5 is located behind the counter-current stepped screen 2, used to perform drum-type tumbling screening of the fritillaria-soil mixture after primary screening. The side conveying device 7 is located on the discharge side of the drum screen 5, used to convey the fritillaria-soil mixture output by the drum screen 5 to the screen-paddle coupling device 6 on the side of the frame. The screen-beating coupling device 6 is used to further screen the shell-soil mixture and beat the soil clods during the screening process.

[0042] In this invention, the shellfish-soil mixture refers to the mixture of Fritillaria cirrhosa, soil, clods, and a small amount of impurities formed during the harvesting of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Because Fritillaria cirrhosa are small and flat, and easily mixed with a significant amount of soil during harvesting, using only a single-stage vibrating screen or a single drum screen can easily lead to problems such as insufficient soil breaking, high soil content on the screen, and high damage rate to the Fritillaria cirrhosa. This invention utilizes a sequentially coordinated system of a picking and lifting device 1, a counter-current stepped screen 2, a drum screen 5, a lateral conveying device 7, and a screen-beating coupling device 6 to form a continuous operating channel, achieving the picking, lifting, initial screening, drum screening, lateral diversion, and soil-breaking screening of the shellfish-soil mixture.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the self-propelled chassis 4 is preferably a tracked chassis. Tracked chassis have advantages such as a large ground contact area, good maneuverability, and stable movement, making them suitable for field operations in Fritillaria cirrhosa planting areas. Compared to traction-based operations, the self-propelled chassis 4 can more stably control the overall machine speed, thereby keeping the feed rate of the picking and lifting device 1 within a reasonable range and reducing load fluctuations in the subsequent screening mechanism.

[0044] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the pickup and lifting device 1 includes a hydraulic motor 11, a bevel gearbox 12, a parallel reversing gearbox 13, a first chain drive mechanism 14, a shaft 15, a second chain drive mechanism 16, a conveyor roller 17, a depth limiting wheel 18, a third chain drive mechanism 19, a bending chain drive mechanism with lugs 20, a pickup scoop 21, an anti-loosening device 22, a pickup linkage group 23, a hydraulic cylinder 24, a digging shovel 25, a driven sprocket group 26, and a retaining shovel 27.

[0045] The pickup and lifting device 1 is connected to the frame via a pickup linkage 23 and a hydraulic cylinder 24. One end of the hydraulic cylinder 24 is connected to the frame, and the other end is connected to the pickup and lifting device 1. When the hydraulic cylinder 24 extends or retracts, it can drive the pickup and lifting device 1 to rise or fall relative to the frame, thereby adjusting the working height of the pickup and lifting device 1. At the start of operation, the hydraulic cylinder 24 drives the pickup and lifting device 1 to descend, allowing the retaining shovel 27 and the escort roller 17 to enter a suitable working position; during relocation or in non-operational states, the hydraulic cylinder 24 can drive the pickup and lifting device 1 to rise, to avoid interference between the front working parts and the ground.

[0046] A hydraulic motor 11 is mounted on the pickup and lifting device 1 to provide power to the conveyor roller 17 and the pickup scoop 21. The power from the hydraulic motor 11 is transmitted to the conveyor roller 17 and the pickup scoop 21 via a bevel gearbox 12, a parallel reversing gearbox 13, and a chain drive mechanism. Specifically, the power output from the hydraulic motor 11 is first changed in transmission direction by the bevel gearbox 12, and then transmitted to the conveyor roller 17 and the pickup scoop 21 via the parallel reversing gearbox 13 and the first chain drive mechanism 14, the second chain drive mechanism 16, and the third chain drive mechanism 19, respectively. Through the reversing action of the parallel reversing gearbox 13, the conveyor roller 17 and the pickup scoop 21 rotate in mutually coordinating directions.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, viewed from the right side of the machine, the conveyor roller 17 rotates counterclockwise, while the pickup scoop 21 rotates clockwise. During rotation, the conveyor roller 17 gathers the shellfish-soil mixture towards the front of the retaining shovel 27 or the pickup area. As the machine moves forward, the retaining shovel 27 scoops up the soil layer containing the shellfish and guides it onto the path of the pickup scoop 21. Multiple pickup scoops 21 are spaced apart along the bending belt chain drive mechanism 20 and circulate with the chain drive mechanism to continuously scoop up the shellfish-soil mixture and lift it to the feed end of the counter-current stepped screen 2.

[0048] The depth-limiting wheel 18 is used to limit the soil penetration depth or operating height of the pickup and lifting device 1, so that the retaining shovel 27 and the escort roller 17 can maintain a relatively stable operating position. The digging shovel 25 is set near the retaining shovel 27 to pre-loosen the soil layer to be harvested, reduce digging resistance, and facilitate the subsequent pickup of the shell-soil mixture. The anti-loosening device 22 is used to prevent the chain drive mechanism from loosening or skipping during operation vibration, thereby ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the pickup and lifting device 1.

[0049] With the above structure, the picking and lifting device 1 can pick up and continuously lift the shellfish-soil mixture from the field with minimal damage. Compared with a simple conveyor belt lifting system, the picking scoop 21 provides more stable support for the shellfish-soil mixture, reducing the rolling and collision of the flat fritillaria during the lifting process. At the same time, the conveyor roller 17, the retaining shovel 27, and the picking scoop 21 work together to ensure that the shellfish-soil mixture is fed continuously and evenly at the front end.

[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, the counter-current stepped screen 2 includes a first swing arm 31, a screen body 32, a second swing arm 33, a crank 34, a chain drive mechanism 35, a bevel gear box 36, a universal joint 37, a drive shaft 38, a fulcrum shaft 39, a first rocker arm 40, a second rocker arm 41, and a receiving port 42. The counter-current stepped screen 2 is located behind the picking and lifting device 1 and is used to receive the shell and soil mixture that falls after being lifted by the picking spoon 21.

[0051] The drive shaft 38 is connected to the power source via a bevel gearbox 36, a universal joint 37, and a chain drive mechanism 35. When the drive shaft 38 rotates, it drives the crank 34 to rotate. The crank 34 drives the first rocker arm 31 and the second rocker arm 33 to move via the first rocker arm 40 and the second rocker arm 41. The screen body 32 is connected to the first rocker arm 31 and the second rocker arm 33, thus reciprocating under the combined action of the crank-rocker mechanism and the double rocker arm mechanism.

[0052] The screen body 32 is preferably a stepped screen body, with multiple stepped sections arranged sequentially along the direction of movement of the shellfish-soil mixture. The stepped sections cause the shellfish-soil mixture to be periodically thrown and blocked as the screen body 32 oscillates back and forth, thus lifting it step by step in the opposite direction to the downward flow of gravity. During the countercurrent lifting process, smaller soil particles fall through the screen holes, while larger soil clods and flat fritillaria continue to move backward or upward with the screen body 32. Thus, the countercurrent stepped screen 2 can achieve primary screening while lifting the material, reducing the processing load on the subsequent drum screen 5 and screen coupling device 6.

[0053] The counter-current lifting method of the counter-current stepped screen 2 differs from that of a conventional co-current vibrating screen. Conventional vibrating screens typically utilize the screen body's inclination angle and vibration direction to propel materials downwards along the direction of gravity or inclination, and their screening path is significantly limited by the screen body length. In this invention, the shell-soil mixture is lifted counter-currently by the reciprocating oscillation of the stepped screen body 32, which extends the material's residence time on the screen surface and the screening path, increasing the pre-screening ratio of soil particles. Simultaneously, the stepped structure has a certain disturbance effect on the soil clods, helping to loosen the shell-soil mixture and creating conditions for subsequent drum screening and soil compaction.

[0054] The receiving port 42 is located on the discharge side of the counter-current stepped screen 2 and is used to guide the shell and soil mixture after primary screening into the drum screen 5. The receiving port 42 can be funnel-shaped, trough-shaped, or other structural forms that can guide materials into the drum screen 5.

[0055] like Figure 6 As shown, the rotary drum screen 5 includes a drum body, lifting plates 51, rubber wheels 52, lifting plates 53, and a drive gear ring 54. The drum body is located behind the counter-current stepped screen 2 and is used to receive the shell and soil mixture output from the counter-current stepped screen 2. The drum body is supported by multiple rubber wheels 52, which are mounted on the frame. A drive gear ring 54 is provided on the outer periphery of the drum body. The drive gear ring 54 meshes with a drive gear, which drives the drum body to rotate after being driven by a power source.

[0056] The drum body is equipped with lifting plates 51 and / or conveying plates 53. The lifting plates 51 are arranged along the inner wall of the drum body and are used to lift and drop the shellfish-soil mixture during the drum's rotation, causing the mixture to repeatedly tumble, loosen, and screen. The conveying plates 53 are inclined in the same direction as the drum's rotation, propelling the shellfish-soil mixture backward along the drum's axial direction. The drum wall has sieve holes; as the shellfish-soil mixture tumbles and moves within the drum, soil particles fall through the sieve holes, while the flat fritillaria and incompletely broken soil clods continue to move towards the discharge end.

[0057] The rubber wheel 52 supports the drum body, reducing impact and vibration during drum body rotation and minimizing rigid collisions between the flat shell and rigid support components. Compared to fixed bearing support, the rubber wheel 52 also provides a certain degree of cushioning, improving the smoothness of drum screen 5 operation.

[0058] The function of the drum screen 5 is to perform secondary screening of the shellfish-soil mixture after the initial screening by the counter-current stepped screen 2. After processing by the counter-current stepped screen 2, some loose fine soil in the shellfish-soil mixture has been removed, but larger soil clods and agglomerates containing Fritillaria cirrhosa may still remain. The drum screen 5, through continuous tumbling and dropping action, fully disperses the soil clods and Fritillaria cirrhosa, while further discharging soil particles through the drum screen openings. Because the drum screen 5 mainly processes materials through tumbling, its impact on Fritillaria cirrhosa is relatively gentle, balancing screening efficiency and low damage requirements.

[0059] like Figure 7 As shown, the lateral conveying device 7 includes a receiving port 61, a first chain drive mechanism 62, a second chain drive mechanism 63, a speed reduction gearbox 64, a third chain drive mechanism 65, a bevel gearbox 66, a transmission gear 67, and a conveyor belt 68. The lateral conveying device 7 is located on the discharge side of the drum screen 5 and is used to receive the shell and soil mixture output from the drum screen 5 and convey it to the screen coupling device 6.

[0060] The receiving port 61 is located below or to the side of the discharge end of the drum screen 5 and is used to receive the material discharged from the drum screen 5. The conveyor belt 68 is connected to the receiving port 61 and is used to transport the shell and soil mixture to the side of the frame. The speed reduction gearbox 64, the bevel gearbox 66, and the chain drive mechanism are used to transmit power to the conveyor belt 68 and enable the conveyor belt 68 to run at an appropriate speed. Through the speed reduction action of the speed reduction gearbox 64, the conveyor belt 68 can transport the shell and soil mixture at a stable speed, avoiding material scattering or impact on the screen coupling device 6.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the lateral conveying device 7 is a two-sided diversion conveying structure, which can convey the shell and soil mixture output from the drum screen 5 to two sets of screen coupling devices 6 located on the left and right sides of the frame. By diverting the flow on both sides, the instantaneous processing load of a single screen coupling device 6 can be reduced, the overall screening area can be increased, and the overall screening efficiency can be improved. At the same time, the arrangement on both sides is conducive to the balance of the overall center of gravity and material flow direction, reducing one-sided accumulation or uneven screening.

[0062] like Figure 8 As shown, the screen-beating coupling device 6 includes a crank 71, a frame 72, a rocker arm 73, a beater 74, a beater connecting rod 75, a lower screen frame 76, and an upper screen frame 77. The screen-beating coupling device 6 is located on the side of the frame and is used for the final screening and soil crushing of the shell-soil mixture. The upper screen frame 77 and the lower screen frame 76 form the upper and lower screen bodies, respectively, which are arranged vertically and have opposite or different inclination directions.

[0063] Crank 71 is connected to the power source. When crank 71 rotates, it drives rocker arm 73 to reciprocate around fulcrum shaft 78, causing upper screen frame 77 and lower screen frame 76 to reciprocate. During the reciprocating motion, upper screen frame 77 and lower screen frame 76 screen the shell-soil mixture. The shell-soil mixture first enters upper screen frame 77, where it is screened and conveyed, with some soil particles falling through the screen openings. Unscreened material falls to lower screen frame 76 for further screening. Because upper screen frame 77 and lower screen frame 76 are inclined in opposite directions, the material moves along different paths on the two screens, extending the screening path and improving screening efficiency.

[0064] The beater 74 is connected to the screen body via a beater connecting rod 75. When the upper screen frame 77 and / or the lower screen frame 76 reciprocate during screening, the beater connecting rod 75 moves with the screen body and drives the beater 74 to swing synchronously. During the swinging process, the beater 74 beats the shellfish-soil mixture on the screen surface, causing larger soil clods to be broken by periodic impact. The broken soil particles fall through the screen holes, while the flat fritillaria continues to move with the screen surface and is eventually output.

[0065] A key feature of the screen-beater coupling device 6 is that the beater 74 does not require a separate power source; instead, it is directly driven by the reciprocating screening motion of the screen body. In other words, the screening action of the screen body and the beating action of the beater 74 are synchronously coupled through a mechanical connection. This structure reduces the need for additional power mechanisms, simplifying the overall machine structure. Furthermore, it matches the beating action with the movement of the material on the screen surface, enabling effective crushing of soil clods without significantly increasing the risk of damage to the fritillaria bulbs.

[0066] In actual operation, after the shellfish and soil mixture enters the screen-beater coupling device 6, the reciprocating swing of the upper screen frame 77 and the lower screen frame 76 causes the material to continuously tumble, loosen, and move towards the discharge side. Simultaneously, the beater 74 periodically beats the soil clods on the screen surface, breaking them into smaller particles that fall through the screen holes. Because the fritillaria bulbs differ from the soil clods in shape and strength, by rationally setting the position, swing amplitude, and beating intensity of the beater 74, it can primarily act on the soil clods and agglomerates on the screen surface, while avoiding excessive impact on the fritillaria bulbs.

[0067] Two sets of screen-beater coupling devices 6 can be configured, arranged on the left and right sides of the frame respectively. Each set of screen-beater coupling devices 6 may include an upper screen frame 77, a lower screen frame 76, and a beater 74. The lateral conveying device 7 feeds the shellfish-soil mixture output from the drum screen 5 into the two screen-beater coupling devices 6 respectively, allowing the two screen-beater coupling devices 6 to process the material in parallel. Parallel screening can significantly increase the effective screening area, which is especially suitable for the condition of high soil content and many soil clods in the shellfish-soil mixture during the harvesting of Fritillaria cirrhosa.

[0068] In another embodiment, the screen-beating coupling device 6 may be installed only on one side of the frame, or multiple screen-beating coupling devices may be installed depending on the overall size and processing capacity of the machine. As long as it includes a screen body capable of reciprocating screening and a beating mechanism driven by the movement of the screen body, it falls within the scope of this invention.

[0069] The power and hydraulic system of this invention can employ mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, or a combined mechanical-hydraulic transmission method. Specifically, as shown... Figure 9 As shown, and in combination Figure 2The machine is equipped with an engine 83, a gearbox 84, a pickup hydraulic pump 85, a hydraulic oil tank 86, a diesel tank 82, and a hydraulic oil radiator 81. The diesel tank 82 is connected to the engine 83 and supplies fuel to the engine 83. The power of the engine 83 is distributed and output through the gearbox 84. Part of the power is used to drive the self-propelled chassis 4, and the other part of the power is transmitted to the counter-current stepped screen 2, the drum screen 5, the side conveying device 7, and the screen coupling device 6 through transmission components such as bevel gearbox, chain drive mechanism, and universal joint. The pickup hydraulic pump 85 is connected to the hydraulic oil tank 86 and supplies oil to the hydraulic motor 11 and the hydraulic cylinder 24 through hydraulic pipelines to realize the pickup drive and lifting adjustment of the pickup lifting device 1. The return oil from the hydraulic motor 11 and the hydraulic cylinder 24 is cooled by the hydraulic oil radiator 81 and then returned to the hydraulic oil tank 86 to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the hydraulic system.

[0070] The transmission ratios of each transmission mechanism can be designed or adjusted according to the working conditions. For example, the lifting speed of the pick-up spoon 21, the vibration frequency of the counter-current stepped screen 2, the rotational speed of the drum screen 5, and the screening and beating frequencies of the screen-beating coupling device 6 can be adjusted by changing the number of sprocket teeth, adjusting the gearbox transmission ratio, or replacing the chain drive components. For soils with high moisture content and high viscosity, the beating frequency of the screen-beating coupling device 6 can be appropriately increased or the screen body amplitude can be increased; for working conditions with loose soil or where Fritillaria cirrhosa is easily damaged, the beating intensity can be appropriately reduced to balance the soil breaking effect and the requirement of low damage.

[0071] The working process of this invention is as follows.

[0072] Before operation, the operator adjusts the working height of the picking and lifting device 1 according to the soil conditions and crop burial depth of the Fritillaria cirrhosa planting site, so that the retaining shovel 27, the conveying roller 17, and the picking spoon 21 are in suitable positions. After starting the engine, the self-propelled chassis 4 drives the whole machine forward at low speed, and the hydraulic motor 11 drives the conveying roller 17 and the picking spoon 21 to rotate.

[0073] As the machine moves forward, the retaining shovel 27 scoops up the soil layer containing fritillaria, the digging shovel 25 loosens the soil layer, and the conveying roller 17 gathers the fritillaria-soil mixture towards the collection area. Multiple collection scoops 21 circulate with the chain drive mechanism, continuously scooping up the fritillaria-soil mixture and lifting it backward and upward. After being lifted to a predetermined height, the fritillaria-soil mixture falls into the feed end of the counter-current stepped screen 2 under gravity.

[0074] After the shellfish and soil mixture enters the counter-current stepped screen 2, the stepped screen body 32 reciprocates under the drive of the crank-rocker mechanism and the double-swinger mechanism. Under the action of the stepped section, the shellfish and soil mixture is lifted step by step in the opposite direction to the downward flow of gravity, and is subjected to throwing, tumbling and screening during the lifting process. Some loose soil particles fall through the screen holes, while the flat fritillaria and larger soil clods continue to move towards the discharge side and enter the drum screen 5.

[0075] After entering the drum screen 5, the shellfish and soil mixture tumbles as the drum body rotates. The lifting plate 51 continuously lifts, throws, and pushes the shellfish and soil mixture backward, further loosening it. Smaller soil particles fall through the screen holes of the drum body, while the flat fritillaria and incompletely broken soil clods are lifted by the lifting plate 53 and discharged from the discharge end of the drum screen 5.

[0076] The shell and soil mixture output from the drum screen 5 falls into the receiving port 61 of the lateral conveying device 7 and is then conveyed by the conveyor belt 68 to the screen coupling device 6. In an embodiment with two sets of screen coupling devices 6, the lateral conveying device 7 delivers the material to the left and right sides of the frame respectively, so that the screen coupling devices 6 on both sides work simultaneously.

[0077] After the shellfish and soil mixture enters the screen-beater coupling device 6, it is first screened on the upper screen frame 77. The upper screen frame 77 swings back and forth, causing the material to move and tumble along the screen surface, with some soil particles falling off. The incompletely screened material falls to the lower screen frame 76 and continues to be screened on the lower screen frame 76. At the same time, the reciprocating swing of the screen body is transmitted to the beater 74 via the beater connecting rod 75, causing the beater 74 to swing synchronously and beat the shellfish and soil mixture on the screen surface. Larger soil clods are broken into smaller particles by the beating action and discharged from the screen holes, while the flat fritillaria moves with the screen body to the discharge end.

[0078] After processing by the screening and pressing coupling device 6, most of the soil in the shellfish-soil mixture is removed, and the fritillaria bulbs are output to the subsequent collection device. A loading and conveying device can also be installed at the rear of the machine. This device receives the fritillaria bulbs output from the screening and pressing coupling device 6 and lifts them to a bucket car or collection container located at the rear of the machine. The loading and conveying device can employ a belt conveyor, chain elevator, or bucket elevator structure to achieve continuous loading and reduce manual bagging and handling operations.

[0079] Through the above-described structure and workflow, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects.

[0080] First, the self-propelled chassis 4 enables the machine to move at a low and stable speed, reducing feed fluctuations and ensuring that the front-end pickup and the rear-end screening are matched.

[0081] Secondly, the picking and lifting device 1, through the cooperation of the retaining shovel 27, the conveying roller 17 and the picking spoon 21, can achieve continuous picking and stable lifting of the shell-soil mixture, reducing missed picking and material accumulation.

[0082] Third, the counter-current stepped screen 2 performs primary screening while lifting the shell-soil mixture, which can make full use of the machine space, extend the screening path, and remove some fine soil in advance.

[0083] Fourth, the drum screen 5 further loosens and screens the shell and soil mixture through tumbling, dropping and axial conveying, which can reduce the processing load of the subsequent screen coupling device 6.

[0084] Fifth, the screen-beating coupling device 6 uses the reciprocating motion of the screen body to synchronously drive the beater 74, which can achieve the coupling of screening and beating to break up soil without additional power. It can effectively break up larger soil clods, reduce the soil content on the screen, and improve the clean yield of Fritillaria cirrhosa.

[0085] Sixth, the screen-and-beat coupling device 6 arranged on both sides can expand the screening area and improve the processing capacity per unit time, making the whole machine suitable for harvesting Fritillaria thunbergii under conditions of large feed volume and complex soil.

[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can adjust the specific shape, size, connection method, transmission method, and arrangement of each component without departing from the concept of the present invention. For example, the support method of the drum screen 5 can be replaced by roller support instead of rubber wheel support; the lateral conveying device 7 can adopt belt conveyor or chain conveyor; and the beater 74 in the screen-beating coupling device 6 can be configured as a rod-shaped, plate-shaped, or toothed beating component, all of which should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-propelled flat fritillary harvester, characterized in that, It includes a frame, a self-propelled chassis located below the frame, a pickup and lifting device located at the front of the frame, a counter-current stepped screen located behind the pickup and lifting device, a drum screen located behind the counter-current stepped screen, a lateral conveying device located on the discharge side of the drum screen, and a screen coupling device located on the side of the frame. The picking and lifting device is used to pick up and lift the shell-soil mixture containing fritillaria and soil to the counter-current stepped screen; The counter-current stepped screen is used to receive the shell and soil mixture output by the picking and lifting device, and to make the shell and soil mixture move in the opposite direction to its downward gravity, so as to perform primary screening during the counter-current lifting process. The drum screen is used to receive the shell and soil mixture output from the counter-current stepped screen and to perform drum screening on the shell and soil mixture; The lateral conveying device is used to convey the shell and soil mixture output from the drum screen to the screen coupling device; The sieve-beating coupling device includes a sieve body and a beating mechanism. The sieve body is configured to perform reciprocating sieving motion, and the beating mechanism is driven by the sieve body to beat and break up the shell-soil mixture on the sieve body when the sieve body is performing reciprocating sieving motion.

2. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve-beating coupling device includes an upper sieve body, a lower sieve body, a swing arm mechanism, and the beating mechanism. The upper sieve body and the lower sieve body are respectively connected to the swing arm mechanism and reciprocate under the drive of the swing arm mechanism.

3. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper and lower screens are inclined in opposite directions, so that the shell-soil mixture falls to the lower screen after being screened by the upper screen and continues to be screened on the lower screen.

4. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sieve coupling device also includes a crank, a rocker arm, and a fulcrum shaft. The crank drives the swing arm mechanism to swing through the rocker arm, and the swing arm mechanism drives the upper sieve body and the lower sieve body to reciprocate around the fulcrum shaft.

5. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beating mechanism includes a beater and a beater connecting rod. The beater is connected to the screen body through the beater connecting rod, so that the beating device is driven to swing synchronously by the reciprocating sieving motion of the screen body.

6. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that, The beating mechanism does not have an independent power source; the beating action of the beater is directly driven by the reciprocating sieving motion of the screen body.

7. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screen-beating coupling device consists of two sets, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the frame. The lateral conveying device is used to convey the shell-soil mixture output from the drum screen to the two sets of screen-beating coupling devices.

8. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The counter-current stepped screen includes a stepped screen body, a drive shaft, a crank-rocker mechanism, and a double-rocker mechanism. The drive shaft drives the double-rocker mechanism to move through the crank-rocker mechanism, and the double-rocker mechanism drives the stepped screen body to reciprocate.

9. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 8, characterized in that, The stepped screen body has multiple stepped sections arranged sequentially along the direction of movement of the shell-soil mixture. The multiple stepped sections are used to push the shell-soil mixture against the current and lift it up when the stepped screen body swings back and forth, and to make the soil particles fall and be screened out.

10. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drum screen includes a drum body, a support wheel, a transmission gear ring, a transmission gear, and a material lifting component disposed within the drum body. The drum body is supported by the support wheel, and the transmission gear meshes with the transmission gear ring to drive the drum body to rotate.

11. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pickup and lifting device includes a conveyor roller, a pickup scoop, a retaining shovel, a hydraulic motor, a transmission mechanism, and a lifting drive component. The lifting drive component is connected between the frame and the pickup and lifting device and is used to drive the pickup and lifting device to move up and down relative to the frame.

12. The self-propelled flat fritillary harvester according to claim 11, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism includes a bevel gearbox, a parallel reversing gearbox, and a chain drive mechanism. The hydraulic motor drives the conveying roller and the picking spoon to rotate via the bevel gearbox, the parallel reversing gearbox, and the chain drive mechanism, respectively, and the conveying roller and the picking spoon rotate in opposite directions.

Images