Cassava stem wintering method and device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, in particular to a cassava stem indoor overwintering preservation method and device. It includes the following steps: (1) constructing a closed preservation space; (2) setting up a siphon humidification system; (3) setting up an isolation layer; (4) setting up a constant temperature system; (5) placing cassava stems; (6) running preservation: continuously running the siphon humidification system and the constant temperature system, keeping the temperature of the closed cavity at 14-18℃ and the relative humidity at 90%-98%. The present application is designed in cooperation with "sealed cavity, siphon humidification and constant temperature locking", so that the temperature fluctuation is ≤±0.5℃ and the humidity is stable at 90%-98%, while avoiding the possible local over-humidification of siphon technology and the water loss problem of constant temperature technology, realizing the "constant temperature and high humidity" temperature and humidity double steady state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems. Background Technology

[0002] Cassava is an important economic crop in tropical and subtropical regions, and the overwintering preservation of its seed tubers is a crucial step in ensuring seed supply for the following year's planting. Traditional methods for preserving cassava seed tubers include cellar storage, open-air storage, or simple indoor stacking. Cellar storage is highly susceptible to the influence of ambient temperature and humidity, with temperature fluctuations reaching ±5.8℃. Low temperatures can easily cause frost damage, and high humidity can lead to localized condensation and rot rates as high as 15%-20%. Simple indoor stacking lacks temperature and humidity control, resulting in severe water loss from the seed tubers and a germination rate of less than 60%. Existing single technologies such as air conditioning for constant temperature or misting for humidification can partially improve the situation, but insufficient humidity under constant temperature conditions leads to seed tuber drying out (relative moisture retention rate is only about 75%), and simple humidification cannot solve the problems of temperature fluctuations and localized condensation and rot. Furthermore, professional constant temperature and humidity equipment is expensive and complex to operate, making it difficult to promote among ordinary growers and small-scale farms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost, easy-to-operate method for overwintering cassava seed tubers with excellent preservation results. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a method and apparatus for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems. The aim is to address the issue that existing preservation methods cannot simultaneously achieve stable temperature and humidity, rot prevention, and low-cost operation, thereby achieving high survival rate, high budding rate, and low rot rate of the seed stems.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: Firstly, a method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems includes the following steps: (1) Construct a sealed storage space: Seal the indoor doors and windows to form a sealed cavity; (2) Setting up a siphon humidification system: Siphon fiber strips are laid on the floor of the sealed cavity, and one or both ends of the siphon fiber strips extend into a container filled with water to form a siphon humidification system; (3) Setting up an isolation layer: A breathable isolation layer with a porosity of ≥50% is set up above the siphon humidification system at a height of 8-12 cm from the siphon fiber strip; (4) Set up a constant temperature system: Install a temperature control device in the sealed cavity, set a constant temperature mode, and control the temperature of the sealed cavity to 14℃-18℃; (5) Place cassava seed stems: pile the cassava seed stems on the breathable isolation layer, with a stacking height not exceeding 80 cm, and maintain ventilation gaps between the cassava seed stems; (6) Operation and preservation: The siphon humidification system and the constant temperature system are continuously operated to maintain the temperature of the sealed cavity at 14℃-18℃ and the relative humidity at 90%-98%.

[0005] During operation and preservation, experiments verified that the risk of freezing damage increases significantly below 14℃, the germination rate increases by 23% above 18℃, and 16℃ is the optimal temperature range for "low-consumption survival" of seed stems; below 90% of the seed stems lose water and dry out, and above 98% they are prone to condensation and rotting. The humidity range achieved by the present invention through siphon + isolation is the key to balancing survival and rotting prevention; below 8 cm, water vapor rise is insufficient, and above 12 cm, humidity uniformity decreases. This range is the optimal parameter verified by the experiments.

[0006] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0007] Furthermore, the area of ​​the sealed cavity mentioned in step (1) is 20-1000 m². 2 .

[0008] Furthermore, the siphon rate of the siphon fiber strip in step (2) is greater than or equal to 5 ml / (cm·h), and the water absorption rate is greater than or equal to 300%.

[0009] Furthermore, the siphon fiber strip is at least one of cotton material, non-woven fabric, linen material, bamboo fiber composite strip, bamboo fiber strip, and polyester fiber super absorbent strip.

[0010] Furthermore, the water-filled container in step (2) is a wooden barrel or a plastic barrel, and the water level in the water-filled container is maintained at 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the container volume.

[0011] Furthermore, the breathable isolation layer in step (3) is a grid-shaped shelf; at least one of a wooden breathable pallet and a perforated plastic pad is laid on the grid-shaped shelf; The mesh openings of the mesh-like shelf are 3-8 cm in diameter.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature control equipment in step (4) includes any one of the following: a residential air conditioner (fixed-frequency / variable-frequency residential air conditioner), an industrial-grade constant-temperature air conditioner, a combined thermostat, and an electric heater. This means that as long as a constant temperature of 16℃±0.5℃ can be achieved, regardless of the equipment type, it is considered an equivalent technical solution.

[0013] Furthermore, when the siphon humidification system and the constant temperature system are continuously running, the temperature of the sealed cavity is maintained at 16℃±0.5℃ and the relative humidity is 95%-98%.

[0014] Secondly, an indoor winter storage device for cassava seed stems includes a sealed cavity, a siphon humidification system, an isolation layer, and a constant temperature system; The sealed cavity is composed of sealed doors, windows, and walls; the siphon humidification system includes a water-filled container and siphon fiber strips laid on the floor of the sealed cavity, with one or both ends of the siphon fiber strips extending into the water-filled container; the isolation layer is erected above the siphon humidification system for stacking cassava seed stems and spacing them from the siphon fiber strips; the constant temperature system is installed in the sealed cavity to control the temperature of the sealed cavity at 14℃-18℃.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature and humidity sensor, which is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the sealed cavity.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) Technological collaboration breaks through the limitations of a single technology: Indoor siphon technology solves the problem of high humidity uniformity, but cannot control temperature fluctuations; constant temperature technology solves the problem of temperature stability, but it is difficult to maintain a high humidity environment; This invention, through the collaborative design of "sealed cavity + siphon humidification + constant temperature locking", makes the temperature fluctuation ≤ ±0.5℃ and the humidity stable at 95%-98%, while avoiding the possible local over-humidity of siphon technology and the water loss problem of constant temperature technology, and realizes the "constant temperature + high humidity" temperature and humidity bistable state.

[0017] (2) The superimposed effect of anti-rot mechanism: The "isolation and suspension" of siphon humidification technology and the "low metabolism inhibition" of constant temperature technology form a double anti-rot guarantee; single siphon preservation still has a 3.7% risk of water contact and rot, and single constant temperature preservation has a 2.1% risk of drying and rotting due to insufficient humidity. However, the present invention reduces the rot rate to 1.3% through structural isolation and metabolic regulation, achieving an anti-rot effect of 1+1>2.

[0018] (3) Leapfrog improvement in performance indicators: In terms of seedling emergence rate, the simple average of siphon humidification technology preservation (78.9%) and constant temperature preservation (80.5%) is 79.7%, while the emergence rate of the method of this invention reaches 96.5%, an improvement of more than 21%; the relative moisture content retention rate is more than 15% higher than the average of single technology, which fully demonstrates the creative breakthrough of synergistic technology, rather than a simple combination.

[0019] (4) Low cost and simple operation: Using conventional materials such as household air conditioners, wooden barrels, and cloth strips, the cost per square meter is only 12.8 yuan, which is more than 85% lower than that of professional constant temperature and humidity equipment; ordinary growers can implement it, which is suitable for large-scale promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a side view of the overall structure of the indoor storage device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Sealed cavity; 101. Sealed doors and windows; 102. Walls; 2. Siphon humidification system; 201. Container filled with water; 202. Siphon fiber strips; 3. Insulation layer; 4. Constant temperature system; 5. Temperature and humidity sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The principles and features of this invention are described below. The examples given are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they should be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field, or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased through legitimate channels.

[0023] This embodiment relates to a method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems, including the following steps: (1) Construct a sealed storage space: Seal the indoor doors and windows to form a sealed cavity 1; In this preferred embodiment, the area of ​​the sealed cavity 1 in step (1) is 20-1000 m². 2 The sealing strips used are made of silicone, 10 mm thick, and fit snugly against the joints of doors and windows, sealing them without gaps.

[0024] (2) Set up a siphon humidification system 2: lay siphon fiber cloth strips 202 on the ground of the sealed cavity 1, and extend one or both ends of the siphon fiber cloth strips 202 into a container 201 filled with water to form a siphon humidification system 2. In this preferred embodiment, the siphon rate of the siphon fiber strip 202 in step (2) is greater than or equal to 5 ml / (cm·h), and the water absorption rate is greater than or equal to 300%. The siphon fiber strip 202 is at least one of cotton material, non-woven fabric, linen material, bamboo fiber composite strip, bamboo fiber strip, and polyester fiber superabsorbent strip. Specifically, the siphon fiber strip 202 has a width of 10 cm, a thickness of 2 mm, a usage of 1.2 m per square meter, and an overlap width of ≥5 cm.

[0025] The water-filled container 201 mentioned in step (2) is a wooden or plastic bucket, and the water level in the water-filled container 201 is maintained at 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the container volume. Specifically, the water-filled container 201 is located in a corner of the room, 20 cm away from the wall, and absorbent cloth strips extend along the ground to cover the entire area, with the cloth strips having a contact length with the wooden bucket ≥30 cm; it is made of food-grade solid wood, with a diameter of 30 cm and a height of 45 cm, and a non-slip mat is laid at the bottom of the bucket to prevent it from tipping over.

[0026] (3) Setting up an isolation layer 3: A breathable isolation layer 3 with a porosity of ≥50% is set up above the siphon humidification system 2 at a height of 8-12 cm from the siphon fiber cloth strip 202; In this preferred embodiment, the breathable isolation layer 3 in step (3) is a grid-shaped shelf; the grid-shaped shelf is covered with at least one of a wooden breathable pallet and a perforated plastic mat; the mesh size of the grid-shaped shelf is 3-8 cm. Specifically, the isolation layer 3 covers the entire ground humidification area, with a 10 cm gap between the edge and the wall to ensure uniform moisture distribution, and a load-bearing capacity ≥50 kg / m². 2 .

[0027] (4) Set up a constant temperature system 4: Install a temperature control device in the sealed cavity 1, set a constant temperature mode, and control the temperature of the sealed cavity 1 to 14℃-18℃; In this preferred embodiment, the temperature control device in step (4) includes any one of the following: a residential air conditioner (fixed-frequency / variable-frequency residential cooling and heating air conditioner), an industrial-grade constant-temperature air conditioner, a combined thermostat, and an electric heater. Note that as long as a constant temperature of 16℃±0.5℃ can be achieved, regardless of the device type, it is considered an equivalent technical solution. Specifically, the installation height is 2.5 m, the set temperature is 16℃, the constant-temperature mode is continuously running, the distance between the device and the seed pile is ≥1.5 m to avoid direct airflow; it is a fixed-frequency cooling and heating type with a cooling capacity of 3500 W, a constant-temperature locking accuracy of ±0.3℃, and a continuous operating power consumption of 1.2 kW·h / h.

[0028] (5) Place cassava seed stems: pile the cassava seed stems on the breathable isolation layer 3, with a stacking height not exceeding 80cm, and maintain ventilation gaps between the cassava seed stems; In this preferred embodiment, a 5-8 cm ventilation gap is maintained between the seed stems.

[0029] (6) Operation and preservation: The siphon humidification system 2 and the constant temperature system 4 are continuously operated to maintain the temperature of the sealed cavity 1 at 14℃-18℃ and the relative humidity at 90%-98%.

[0030] During operation and preservation, experiments verified that the risk of frost damage increases significantly below 14℃, and the germination rate increases by 23% above 18℃. 16℃ is the optimal temperature range for "low-consumption survival" of the seed stems. Below 90%, the seed stems lose water and dry out; above 98%, they are prone to condensation and rotting. The humidity range achieved by this invention through siphoning and isolation is key to balancing survival and rotting prevention. Below 8 cm, water vapor rise is insufficient; above 12 cm, humidity uniformity decreases. This range is the optimal parameter verified by experiments. In this preferred embodiment, when the siphon humidification system 2 and the constant temperature system 4 are continuously running, the temperature of the sealed cavity 1 is maintained at 16℃ ± 0.5℃, and the relative humidity is 95%–98%.

[0031] The airflow path involves the air conditioner discharging constant-temperature airflow, which diffuses outwards, passes through the gaps between the seed stems, is drawn in through the air conditioner's return air vent, is heated / cooled, and then discharged again, forming a closed-loop cycle. The moisture path involves the wooden barrel's moisture being siphoned onto the cloth strips, which then evaporate throughout, generating moisture that evenly wraps around the seed stems through the mesh shelf. Excess moisture falls back onto the cloth surface and evaporates again, creating a stable, high-humidity environment.

[0032] In addition, while this embodiment reduces the decay rate due to prolonged high humidity by using isolation layer 3, mold contamination may still occur under extreme conditions; temperature and humidity fluctuations caused by equipment malfunctions, such as air conditioner shutdowns or water shortages in the barrels, may lead to a deterioration of the storage environment; and there are differences in adaptability among different varieties, such as some niche varieties being sensitive to temperature and humidity parameters. The following measures can be taken: (1) Microbial control: Spray food-grade anti-mold agent (such as tea polyphenol extract) on the surface of the cloth strip, with the concentration controlled at 0.1%-0.3%, which does not affect the activity of the seed stem and can inhibit the growth of mold; (2) Fault warning: Install temperature and humidity alarm device, and automatically alarm when the temperature deviates from 16℃±0.5℃ or the humidity is lower than 90%, reminding you to repair the equipment or replenish the water in time; (3) Variety adaptation adjustment: For niche varieties, the temperature can be finely adjusted to 15-17℃ and the humidity can be finely adjusted to 94%-99%, and the parameters can be slightly optimized to adapt to the needs of different varieties.

[0033] Application guidelines for different sizes of growers: 1. Family farming households (50-100 m²) 2 (storage space): (1) Equipment configuration: 1 horsepower household air conditioner + 2 20 L plastic water buckets + cotton cloth strips + simple grid frame; (2) Application effect: After 90 days of preservation of 5,000 seedlings, the germination rate was 95.1% and the rot rate was 1.8%. The cost of preservation per plant was 0.07 yuan. The operation only requires watering once a day, which is fully suitable for the low cost and low operation threshold of family growers.

[0034] 2. Small-scale planting base (100-500 m²) 2 (storage space): (1) Equipment configuration: 2-5 horsepower variable frequency air conditioner + 5-10 50L solid wood barrels + composite fiber cloth strips + standardized grid storage rack.

[0035] (2) Application effect: 10,000 to 50,000 seedlings can be preserved. Under large-scale operation, the germination rate is 94.8% to 96.2% and the rot rate is 1.3% to 1.6%. Seedlings can be classified and preserved through zoned management, which can meet the planting needs of multiple varieties.

[0036] 3. Agricultural cooperatives (500-1000 m²) 2 (storage space): (1) Equipment configuration: Modular air conditioning system (temperature control by zone) + centralized water supply siphon device + movable isolation layer 3; (2) Application effect: It can preserve 50,000 to 100,000 seedlings, with a temperature and humidity uniformity error of ≤1%, a germination rate of over 95.5%, and a rot rate of ≤1.4%. Through centralized watering and automated monitoring, it can reduce manual management costs by 30%.

[0037] This embodiment also relates to an indoor winter storage device for cassava seed stems, including a sealed cavity 1, a siphon humidification system 2, an isolation layer 3, and a constant temperature system 4; The sealed cavity 1 is composed of sealed doors and windows 101 and walls 102; the siphon humidification system 2 includes a water-filled container 201 and siphon fiber strips 202 laid on the ground of the sealed cavity 1, with one or both ends of the siphon fiber strips 202 extending into the water-filled container 201; the isolation layer 3 is erected above the siphon humidification system 2 for stacking cassava seed stems and separating the cassava seed stems from the siphon fiber strips 202; the constant temperature system 4 is installed in the sealed cavity 1 for controlling the temperature of the sealed cavity 1 to 14℃-18℃.

[0038] In this preferred embodiment, a temperature and humidity sensor 5 is also included, which is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the sealed cavity 1.

[0039] Furthermore, the core logic of this invention, "temperature and humidity synergy + structural anti-rot," can be transferred to the preservation of seed tubers for root and tuber crops such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, and yams. Preliminary tests have shown that the seed tuber preservation rate of sweet potatoes has increased by more than 25%, demonstrating broad technological transfer value. This invention also promotes the customized application of civilian equipment in the agricultural field, fostering the development of "agricultural-specific low-cost constant temperature and humidity kits" and driving the development of related supporting industries. Additionally, it establishes an industry reference standard of "16℃±0.5℃, 95%±3%RH" for the overwintering preservation of cassava seed tubers, filling the gap in domestic cassava seed tuber preservation technology standards.

[0040] The economic and social benefits of adopting the technical solution of the present invention are as follows: (1) Economic benefits: Based on the calculation that 200 kg of seed tubers are needed per mu of cassava, the method of the present invention can reduce the loss of seed tubers by 34.4 kg / mu. Based on the cost of seed tubers of 2 yuan / kg, the cost is saved by 68.8 yuan per mu. At the same time, the seedling rate is increased by 30%, the yield per mu is increased by about 600 kg, the income is increased by more than 1200 yuan, and the input-output ratio is 1:18. (2) Social benefits: It solves the problem of cassava seed tuber shortage in the winter and spring seasons in the south, promotes the large-scale development of cassava planting, drives the income of growers, reduces the dependence on professional seedling bases, and enhances the risk resistance of the industry.

[0041] It can be seen that the core of the invention lies in breaking the mindset of "single control" of existing technology and achieving synergistic effect through system reconstruction. Specifically, it is manifested in: (1) Synergistic technical logic: The high humidity advantage of "siphon humidification" and the stable temperature advantage of "air conditioning constant temperature" are organically integrated. At the same time, a complete system is constructed through a sealed cavity, isolation layer 3, and adaptive water replenishment, which solves the industry pain point that a single technology cannot take into account both temperature and humidity stability and rot prevention and moisture retention; (2) Synergistic amplification of effect: The seedling emergence rate of the seedlings jumps from 78.9%-80.5% of the single technology to 96.5%, and the rot rate drops from 7.8%-9.4% to 1.3%. The improvement of various indicators far exceeds the expected effect of simple superposition, realizing the quantitative effect of "1+1>2"; (3) Synergistic upgrade of value: While improving the technical effect, the equipment cost is reduced by 80% and the operation difficulty is reduced, realizing the triple value unity of "high effect + low cost + wide adaptability", and promoting the cassava seedling preservation technology from "laboratory level" to "field practical level".

[0042] In summary, this invention breaks away from the dependence of traditional preservation methods on the natural environment and specialized equipment, promoting the transformation of cassava seed tuber preservation from "experience-based" to "precision-based"; it reduces seed tuber loss and cost input in cassava planting, enhances the risk resistance and large-scale development potential of the cassava industry, and helps the industrial upgrading of major cassava producing areas in the south; it provides an innovative paradigm of "synergistic effect" for the preservation of seed tubers / seed tubers of similar crops, driving agricultural preservation technology towards "low cost, high precision, and wide applicability".

[0043] Example 1 This embodiment relates to a method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems, including the following steps: (1) Saving environment setup: Choose 20 m 2 The room is enclosed (5 m long × 4 m wide × 2.8 m high), with 10 mm thick silicone sealant strips affixed to the seams of doors and windows. The floor is flat and free of standing water.

[0044] (2) Setting of siphon humidification system 2: Place two 50 L solid wood buckets diagonally opposite each other in the room, and fill them with clean water to a depth of 25 cm (about 1 / 2 volume).

[0045] Select 10 cm wide and 2 mm thick cotton composite high-absorption fiber strips (202) and lay them all over the floor, overlapping the strips by 5 cm. Immerse both ends of each strip in two wooden buckets of water, with the immersion length ≥ 30 cm.

[0046] Siphon fabric strip: 10 cm wide cotton composite fabric strip, fully laid on the ground (100% coverage), with both ends of the strip immersed in two wooden buckets of water, and the overlap of the strips is 5 cm. The cloth strips absorb water and continue to evaporate moisture, maintaining ground humidity.

[0047] (3) Erection of isolation layer 3: A 10 cm high iron mesh shelf (5 cm × 5 cm mesh size, ≥ 60% open area) is laid above the siphon fabric strip, with the shelf not in direct contact with the fabric strip.

[0048] (4) Installation of the constant temperature system 4: A 1.5 HP inverter air conditioner is installed on the central wall of the room (2.2 m high), with the air outlet facing the center of the space. It is set to a constant temperature lock mode of 16℃. The air outlet is ≥1.5 m away from the seed pile.

[0049] (5) Monitoring device: Temperature and humidity sensor 5 (accuracy ±0.1℃, ±1%RH), suspended in the middle of the seed pile, connected to an alarm device.

[0050] (6) Placement of seed tubers: Cassava varieties GC49, GR10, and NZ199 were neatly stacked on a shelf, with a height of ≤80 cm. A 5-8 cm ventilation gap was left between the seed tubers, and the pile was ≥30 cm away from the wall.

[0051] (7) Operation and maintenance: The air conditioner runs continuously, and the indoor temperature is controlled at 16℃±0.4℃.

[0052] The siphon system automatically maintains a relative humidity of 96% ± 2%.

[0053] Check the water level in the barrel daily, and add water to 25 cm when the water level drops below 15 cm.

[0054] The suspended thermometer and hygrometer were used for real-time monitoring, and no abnormalities were found.

[0055] Observation indicators: seedling survival rate (%), bud survival rate (%), seedling emergence rate (%), rot rate (%), relative moisture retention rate (%), temperature fluctuation range (°C), and humidity stability (%RH). The judgment criteria and statistical formulas for each observation indicator are as follows: (1) Seedling survival rate (%): ① Judgment criteria: A seed stem is considered alive if more than 50% of all seed buds on it are alive.

[0056] ② Statistical formula: Seedling survival rate = (Number of surviving seedlings in each group ÷ Total number of seedlings in each group) × 100%.

[0057] (2) Germination rate (%) ① Judgment criteria: Visually inspect all buds on each seed stem. Active buds are plump, milky white / pale yellow-green, without browning or shriveling, and ooze sap when slightly squeezed. Necrotic buds are marked as blackened, shriveled, sunken, moldy, or rotten.

[0058] ② Statistical formula: Bud survival rate = (number of seedlings with active buds ÷ total number of seedlings in each group) × 100%.

[0059] (3) Decay rate (%): ① Classification criteria for decay: - Water rot: Water stains and mold growth appear at the bottom of the seed stems and on the surfaces where they are piled up; - Drying and rotting: Imbalanced temperature and humidity lead to severe water loss and shrinkage of the stems, as well as internal lignification, browning, and necrosis; ② Statistical formula: Rot rate = (Number of seed tubers with rot disease ÷ Total number of seed tubers in each group) × 100%.

[0060] (4) Emergence rate (%): ① Seedling conditions: uniform substrate, uniform water and fertilizer, uniform greenhouse 28℃ seedling environment, seedling stems cut into sections after 90 days of preservation and uniformly propagated by cuttings, seedling cycle 20 days; ② Seedling emergence determination: A green bud that breaks through the epidermis and grows ≥2 cm is considered to have emerged; ③ Statistical formula: Germination rate = (Number of normally germinating seedlings ÷ Total number of cuttings) × 100%.

[0061] (5) Relative moisture content retention rate (%): ① Detection method: a. Sampling: Randomly select 10 healthy and intact seed stems from each group, cut off 2cm of the middle section of the stem and mix them as the sample to be tested; b. Testing instruments: electronic analytical balance (accuracy 0.0001g), forced-air drying oven; c. Detection steps: After 90 days of storage, the fresh weight of the sample (M1) was measured; the sample was blanched at 105℃ for 30 minutes, then dried at 80℃ to constant weight, and the dry weight (M2) was measured; the reference moisture content (W0) of freshly stored seed stems from the same batch was simultaneously determined; the current moisture content of the sample (W1) was calculated as (M1 - M2) / M1 × 100%; ② Statistical formula: Relative moisture content retention rate = (Moisture content after storage W1 ÷ Baseline moisture content upon entry into the warehouse W0) × 100%.

[0062] (6) Temperature fluctuation range (°C): The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures during the storage of the seed tubers.

[0063] (7) Humidity stability (%RH): The difference between the highest and lowest temperatures during the storage of seed tubers.

[0064] ① Calculate the average relative humidity for each group: Collect all effective humidity observations for a certain group of storage environments and calculate the arithmetic mean RH. avg This serves as the baseline humidity for the storage system. Average RH avg The calculation formula is as follows: RH avg =∑ n i=1 RH i / n ; Where: RH i The relative humidity is the value of a single measurement, and n is the total amount of valid observation data.

[0065] ② Calculate the single humidity deviation: Calculate the absolute difference between the measured humidity and the group average humidity for each line. |RH i -RH avg | reflects the magnitude of the deviation of a single humidity observation from the baseline value.

[0066] ③ Determine the extreme values ​​of humidity fluctuations: Extract the maximum value among all absolute humidity deviations in this group, denoted as the maximum humidity fluctuation value ΔRH, and finally use RH as the metric. avg ±ΔRH is the standard expression for "humidity stability (%RH)" in the table; the smaller the RH value, the more stable the ambient humidity.

[0067] Preservation results: After 90 days of preservation, the survival rate of the seed stems was 98.7%, the budding rate was 99.2%, the emergence rate was 96.5%, the rot rate was 1.3%, and the relative moisture content retention rate was 91.5%. A comparison with cellar preservation, single siphon preservation, and single air-conditioning constant temperature preservation is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Table 1 shows that the cellar preservation data, based on records of seedling preservation in Guilin cellars, is subject to significant temperature and humidity fluctuations due to environmental factors (lowest -2.9℃, highest 21.5℃). High humidity conditions also lead to localized condensation and a high rot rate (18.7%), requiring regular ventilation to prevent mold growth. Furthermore, the method is difficult for ordinary growers to replicate due to geographical location and cellar structure limitations. Indoor siphon preservation, based on the principle of stratified humidity control, achieves excellent humidity maintenance, but lacks coordinated temperature control. There is still a slight risk of frost damage during low-temperature periods (≤14℃), and the risk of localized condensation remains, resulting in a low germination rate (81.2%). Indoor air-conditioned constant-temperature preservation relies on closed-loop temperature control technology, offering good temperature stability, but simple constant temperature cannot meet the high humidity requirements. Seed stems are prone to water loss, with a low relative moisture retention rate (75.3%), making them susceptible to drying out. This invention combines "air conditioning constant temperature + siphon humidification" to solve the problem of insufficient humidity from single constant temperature and compensate for the temperature fluctuation defects of single siphon humidification, achieving a stable environment with coordinated temperature and humidity control at 16℃±0.4℃ and 96%±2%RH. The "high isolation layer 3 + full-area siphon humidification" structure prevents rot from the root, reducing the rot rate to 1.3%, which is more than 80% lower than traditional methods. Using conventional materials such as household air conditioners, solid wood barrels, and composite fiber strips, operation only requires periodic water replenishment, making it directly applicable to ordinary growers and solving the industry pain points of high cost and complex operation of professional equipment.

[0068] Microscopic observation data of bud activity: The cell activity of the buds of the seedlings was observed under a microscope (TTC staining method), and the physiological state after 90 days under different preservation methods was compared. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2 As shown in Table 2, (1) Temperature stability protects the buds: The constant temperature environment of 16℃ inhibits the respiration of the seed stem (the respiration intensity is reduced by 38% compared with 20℃), reduces nutrient consumption, and avoids cell freezing damage caused by low temperature. The cell activity rate of the buds is increased by 15%-20% compared with the single technology; (2) Physiological value of high humidity uniformity: The stable high humidity environment of 95%-98% maintains the turgor pressure of the seed stem cells, reduces cell membrane rupture caused by water stress, and the nutrient content retention rate reaches 92.8%, providing sufficient energy for subsequent germination; (3) Physiological essence of synergistic effect: Constant temperature reduces metabolic consumption, and high humidity maintains cell activity. The combination of the two makes the buds in a state of "low consumption survival + high activity standby", which achieves double protection at the physiological level compared with the single technology, and ultimately manifests as a leapfrog improvement in the germination rate.

[0069] Table 3 Comparison of Creative Differences with Existing Technologies Example 2 Compared with the previous example, except for the use of bamboo fiber cloth strips + wooden pallet + thermostat combination, everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0070] The results showed that the seedling emergence rate was 95.2% and the rot rate was 1.7%, which was not significantly different from the original scheme.

[0071] Example 3 Compared with the previous example, except for the use of a combination of polyester fiber strips, metal mesh frame and industrial constant temperature air conditioner, everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0072] The results showed that the seedling emergence rate was 96.1% and the rot rate was 1.2%, which was slightly better than the original scheme.

[0073] Example 4 Compared with the previous embodiment, except for the use of a combination of hemp strips, plastic perforated partition, and variable frequency air conditioner, everything else is the same as in embodiment 1.

[0074] The results showed that the seedling emergence rate was 95.8% and the rot rate was 1.5%, which met the technical requirements.

[0075] Example 5: Validation in different climate regions For areas with low temperature and high humidity (such as Guilin in winter, with a minimum temperature of -2℃ and an average humidity of 85%), adjustments were made compared to Example 1: enhanced sealing and insulation (adding 5 cm of insulation cotton to the 102mm wall), and the air conditioner was set to a constant temperature of 16.5℃. The results showed that the frost damage rate was 0.2%, the rot rate was 1.1%, and the seedling emergence rate was increased by 32.4% compared to that of seedlings stored in a cellar.

[0076] For arid and cold regions (such as Baise in winter, with a minimum temperature of 0°C and an average humidity of 60%), adjustments were made compared to Example 1: the number of wooden barrels was increased (per 10 m³). 2 (One 50L bucket), the coverage rate of the cloth strips was increased to 120% (overlapping). The results showed that the relative moisture content retention rate was 88.7%, the rot rate was 1.5%, and the germination rate was increased by 16.2% compared with indoor air-conditioned constant temperature storage.

[0077] For areas with high temperature and humidity (such as Nanning in winter, with a minimum temperature of 8℃ and an average humidity of 90%), the following adjustments were made compared to Example 1: the air conditioner was set to a constant temperature of 15.5℃, and the water level in the wooden barrel was controlled at the lower limit of 1 / 3. The results showed that the early germination rate was 0.3%, the rot rate was 1.0%, and the germination rate was increased by 17.6% compared to indoor siphon preservation.

[0078] The above results indicate that this method has good regional adaptability.

[0079] Example 6: Large-scale application At the Guilin Comprehensive Experimental Station, 200 m 2The base preserved 100,000 cassava seed tubers using the method described in Example 1. After 90 days of preservation, the overall survival rate was 97.8%, the budding rate was 98.5%, the emergence rate was 95.7%, the rot rate was 1.5%, and the preservation cost per tuber was 0.08 yuan, saving 82% compared to traditional methods. Compared to traditional cellar preservation, the emergence rate increased by 30.5%, and the seed tuber loss decreased by 17.2%.

[0080] Comparative Example 1: The cells were stored in a cellar without any additional control measures. The results are shown in Table 1 for the cellar storage data.

[0081] Comparative Example 2: Only siphon strips were laid indoors (without insulation layer 3 and without constant temperature air conditioning). The results are shown in Table 1 for indoor siphon preservation data.

[0082] Comparative Example 3: The indoor air conditioning was kept at a constant temperature of 16℃ (without siphon humidification or insulation layer 3). The results are shown in Table 1 for the data on the indoor air conditioning constant temperature preservation.

[0083] Comparative Example 4: Structure lacking high-perforation isolation layer 3 (no dedicated anti-rot isolation layer 3, directly stacked) The operation method of this comparative example is basically the same as that of Example 1. The only difference is that the 8-12cm breathable isolation layer 3 with a hollow rate of ≥50% is removed. The cassava seed stems are directly stacked on the bottom plate of the cavity without any air-supported isolation treatment. The other conditions such as constant temperature of 16℃, continuous siphon humidification, cavity sealing, and water level control are exactly the same, and the storage period is 90 days.

[0084] Experimental results: After 90 days of storage, the survival rate of seed stems was 88.2%, the bud survival rate was 87.5%, the seedling emergence rate was 83.1%, the rot rate was 6.8%, and the relative moisture content retention rate was 83.2%.

[0085] Results Analysis: Under the premise of a stable temperature and humidity environment, after removing the high-perforated, elevated isolation layer 3, the ventilation and air permeability at the bottom of the seed stem stack was extremely poor. The water vapor generated by siphon humidification condensed and accumulated on the contact surface of the seed stems, causing local long-term high humidity and water accumulation stress. A large number of seed stems showed contact mold and rot, and the rot rate increased significantly compared with the present invention (1.3%). At the same time, the bottom seed stems had poor ventilation and metabolic disorders, the bud activity decreased significantly, and the seedling performance deteriorated significantly. This directly proves that the high-perforated isolation layer 3 + elevated structure of the present invention is the core key structure to solve the industry pain point of "high humidity inevitably leads to rot", rather than a conventional auxiliary structure.

[0086] In summary, this invention is not simply a combination of "siphon humidification" and "air conditioning constant temperature" technologies, but rather an organic integration of sealed cavity construction, isolation layer 3 design, and adaptive water replenishment management to form a synergistic system of "dual temperature and humidity stability + structural anti-rot + low-cost operation". Its creativity is reflected in: (1) breaking technical prejudice: solving the industry's inherent perception that "high humidity easily leads to rot" and "constant temperature makes it difficult to keep moist", achieving the unity of high humidity and anti-rot; (2) significant quantitative efficiency: all core indicators (seedling rate, rot rate, cost) are better than the simple superposition effect of single technologies, with a synergistic gain of more than 20%; (3) strong industrial adaptability: suitable for ordinary growers and small bases, extremely simple operation, low cost, promoting the popularization and large-scale application of cassava seed overwintering preservation technology.

[0087] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Construct a sealed storage space: Seal the indoor doors and windows to form a sealed cavity; (2) Setting up a siphon humidification system: Siphon fiber strips are laid on the floor of the sealed cavity, and one or both ends of the siphon fiber strips extend into a container filled with water to form a siphon humidification system; (3) Setting up an isolation layer: A breathable isolation layer with a porosity of ≥50% is set up above the siphon humidification system at a height of 8-12cm from the siphon fiber strip; (4) Set up a constant temperature system: Install a temperature control device in the sealed cavity, set a constant temperature mode, and control the temperature of the sealed cavity to 14℃-18℃; (5) Place cassava seed stems: pile the cassava seed stems on the breathable isolation layer, with a stacking height not exceeding 80 cm, and maintain ventilation gaps between the cassava seed stems; (6) Operation and preservation: The siphon humidification system and the constant temperature system are continuously operated to maintain the temperature of the sealed cavity at 14℃-18℃ and the relative humidity at 90%-98%.

2. The method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of ​​the sealed cavity mentioned in step (1) is 20-1000 m². 2 .

3. The method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The siphon rate of the siphon fiber strip in step (2) is greater than or equal to 5 ml / (cm·h) and the water absorption rate is greater than or equal to 300%.

4. The method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems according to claim 3, characterized in that, The siphon fiber strip is at least one of the following: cotton material, non-woven fabric, linen material, bamboo fiber composite strip, bamboo fiber strip, and polyester fiber super absorbent strip.

5. The method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The container filled with water in step (2) is a wooden bucket or a plastic bucket, and the water level in the container is maintained at 1 / 3 to 2 / 3 of the container volume.

6. The method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breathable isolation layer in step (3) includes a grid-shaped shelf; the grid-shaped shelf is covered with at least one of a wooden breathable pallet and a perforated plastic pad. The mesh openings of the mesh-like shelf are 3-8 cm in diameter.

7. The method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control equipment in step (4) includes any one of the following: a civil air conditioner, an industrial-grade constant temperature air conditioner, a combined thermostat, and an electric heater.

8. The method for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the siphon humidification system and the constant temperature system are running continuously, the temperature of the sealed cavity is maintained at 16℃±0.5℃ and the relative humidity is 95%-98%.

9. A device for indoor overwintering preservation of cassava seed stems implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes a sealed cavity, a siphon humidification system, an insulation layer, and a constant temperature system; The sealed cavity is composed of sealed doors, windows, and walls; the siphon humidification system includes a water-filled container and siphon fiber strips laid on the floor of the sealed cavity, with one or both ends of the siphon fiber strips extending into the water-filled container; the isolation layer is erected above the siphon humidification system for stacking cassava seed stems and spacing them from the siphon fiber strips; the constant temperature system is installed in the sealed cavity to control the temperature of the sealed cavity at 14℃-18℃.

10. The indoor overwintering preservation device for cassava seed stems according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature and humidity sensor, which is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the sealed cavity.

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