A method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on yield data analysis's machine transplanting rice spatial layout optimization cultivation method, it is related to rice mechanization cultivation technical field, including, collection field plot cultivation and yield data in recent years, according to field position and nitrogen application amount, the corresponding record of unit area hole number, population growth and actual yield is collected, unit area hole number is arranged in ascending order, when the yield increment after increasing hole is first not more than yield-increasing discrimination threshold, corresponding unit area hole number before increasing hole is determined as spatial densification bearing boundary, stem tiller number is arranged in ascending order, when stem tiller number increases and final effective ear number no longer increases first appear, corresponding increase before stem tiller number is determined as early tiller control threshold.The application carries out big data analysis to cultivation in recent years, population growth and yield data according to field position, determines spatial densification bearing boundary and early tiller control threshold, avoids that yield does not improve after hole number increases and tiller control time point lags behind, improves the accuracy of spatial densification and population control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanized rice cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of agricultural mechanization, digital agriculture, and big data analytics, machine-transplanted rice cultivation is gradually evolving from uniform row spacing, fixed hole spacing, and experience-based fertilization to data-driven zonal management. The continuous accumulation of historical cultivation data, population growth data, and yield data in the fields provides a foundation for analyzing the relationship between planting density, nitrogen application level, population structure, and yield formation, and promotes the transformation of machine transplanting parameter adjustment, spatial layout optimization, and cultivation management from experience-based judgment to refined decision-making.

[0003] However, existing methods have some shortcomings. Big data analysis is mostly limited to yield statistics and correlation comparisons, making it difficult to identify the critical state where yield gains stop after increasing planting holes in different field locations. It also fails to combine the relationship between shoot growth and final effective ear formation to determine the reasonable timing for controlling tillering, which can easily lead to the problem that the number of planting holes can continue to increase but the yield no longer improves. In addition, row spacing, hole spacing, number of seedlings per hole, nitrogen application rate, and water management are usually determined separately, lacking a joint evaluation that takes into account the continuous operation capacity of machine transplanting equipment, the yield stability under different nitrogen application levels, and the process of wide-row closure. It also lacks a closed-loop mechanism that uses actual yields to verify the extrapolation results and continuously update spatial layout parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the aforementioned existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, this invention provides a method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis to solve the problems of inaccurate identification of spatial densification boundaries and insufficient synergy between planting parameters and nitrogen reduction and tiller control management.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis. The method includes: collecting historical cultivation and yield data from the field; compiling corresponding records of the number of planting holes per unit area, population growth, and actual yield based on field location and nitrogen application rate; arranging the number of planting holes per unit area in ascending order; when the yield increase after adding holes does not exceed the yield increase threshold for the first time, determining the corresponding number of planting holes per unit area before the addition as the spatial density carrying capacity boundary; arranging the number of tillers in ascending order; when the number of tillers first increases and the final effective panicle number no longer increases, determining the corresponding number of tillers before the increase as the early tiller control threshold; dividing the machine-transplanting operation area according to the spatial density carrying capacity boundary and constructing cyclic planting units to form a wide-narrow row cycle; determining the hole spacing and number of planting holes per unit area in a linked manner; determining the number of seedlings per hole based on the basic seedling count per unit area corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years; and combining the row spacing configuration, hole spacing, and... The combination of the number of planting holes per unit area and the number of seedlings per hole is used to configure the planting and convert it into a layout code. Layout codes that exceed the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary or cannot be continuously machine-transplanted are excluded. The layout codes are matched with the machine-transplanting operation area records to deduce the expected yield of each nitrogen application rate, the time point when wide rows close, and the time point when the early tillering control threshold is reached. Matching results where wide rows have already closed when the early tillering control threshold is reached are excluded. The lowest expected yield of the retained results is used as the evaluation yield. The layout code with the highest evaluation yield is selected. If the evaluation yields are the same, the layout code with the later wide row closure time is selected to form a spatial layout map. The spatial layout map is converted into zonal machine-transplanting instructions. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer reduction is determined according to the retained matching results. When the early tillering control threshold is reached, the field is drained and left to dry, forming a cultivation execution record. After harvest, the actual yield is matched with the cultivation execution record, the expected yield is verified, and the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary is updated to form the spatial layout optimization result of machine-transplanted rice.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis described in this invention, the specific steps for collecting the corresponding records of the number of planting holes per unit area, population growth, and actual yield according to field location and nitrogen application rate are as follows:

[0009] According to the records corresponding to the same field location and nitrogen application rate, the number of holes per unit area is arranged in ascending order, and the multi-year average actual yield corresponding to the number of holes per unit area and the yield increment between adjacent numbers of holes per unit area are determined respectively.

[0010] When the yield increase does not exceed the yield increase threshold for the first time, the number of holes per unit area before the increase is determined as the critical number of holes per unit area for the corresponding nitrogen application rate.

[0011] Determine the minimum nitrogen application rate from the highest actual yield records of the same field location over the years. Among the nitrogen application rate groups that are lower than the minimum nitrogen application rate and form the critical number of holes per unit area, select the minimum critical number of holes per unit area as the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary.

[0012] When there is no nitrogen application rate group that is lower than the minimum nitrogen application rate and forms a critical number of holes per unit area, the corresponding field location will be marked as a location with insufficient data, will not participate in the spatial density enhancement layout screening of the current cultivation cycle, and the machine transplanting will be completed using the planting configuration corresponding to the highest actual yield record of previous years.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis described in this invention, the specific steps for determining the number of tillers before the increase as the threshold for early tiller control are as follows:

[0014] In the corresponding records where the spatial density carrying capacity limit is not exceeded and the actual yield is not lower than the corresponding multi-year average actual yield, the number of tillers at the last observation point before the wide row is completely closed is correlated with the final effective number of ears;

[0015] Grouping the tillers according to the amount of nitrogen applied and arranging them in ascending order of tiller number, the final effective panicle number corresponding to adjacent tiller numbers is compared in turn. When the number of tillers increases for the first time and the increase in the final effective panicle number is not greater than zero, the tiller number before the increase is determined as the early tiller control threshold for the corresponding nitrogen application amount, and the minimum value is selected from the early tiller control thresholds corresponding to each nitrogen application amount.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis described in this invention, the specific steps of dividing the machine-transplanting operation area according to the spatial density carrying capacity boundary and constructing a cyclic planting unit are as follows:

[0017] The row spacing and hole spacing combinations that the machine insertion equipment can continuously execute are converted into the number of holes per unit area, and arranged in ascending order of the number of holes per unit area to form an executable sequence;

[0018] For each field location, select the maximum number of holes per unit area in the executable sequence that does not exceed the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary, and determine the corresponding sequence position as the boundary level;

[0019] Along the direction of machine transplanting, field locations with the same boundary level and continuous location are merged into machine transplanting operation area, and the minimum spatial density carrying capacity boundary within the machine transplanting operation area is determined as the spatial density carrying capacity boundary of the corresponding machine transplanting operation area.

[0020] Construct continuous, repeating cyclic planting units according to the number of planting rows of the machine-planting equipment. Narrow row spacing is used within each cyclic planting unit, and wide row spacing is used between adjacent cyclic planting units. The narrow row spacing and wide row spacing form a row spacing configuration, and the number of holes per unit area is determined in conjunction with the hole spacing.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis described in this invention, the specific steps for determining the number of seedlings per hill according to the basic seedling count per unit area corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years are as follows:

[0022] In the corresponding records of the machine transplanting operation area, select the record with the highest actual yield over the years. If there are multiple corresponding records with the highest actual yield, select the corresponding records with the lowest nitrogen application rate and the lowest number of seedlings per hole in turn.

[0023] The product of the number of holes per unit area and the number of seedlings per hole for the selected corresponding record is determined as the basic number of seedlings per unit area. The number of candidate seedlings per hole is set within a range that is not higher than the number of seedlings per hole for the selected corresponding record.

[0024] Determine the absolute difference between the product of the number of holes per unit area and the number of candidate seedlings per hole and the basic number of seedlings per unit area. Select the candidate seedlings per hole with the smallest absolute difference. If the absolute differences are the same, select the candidate seedlings per hole with the smallest value. Then, form a planting configuration by corresponding row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis described in this invention, the specific steps for forming a planting configuration by corresponding row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole are as follows:

[0026] The layout code is formed by combining the order of planting row number, narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole in the corresponding ascending arrangement.

[0027] Compare the number of holes per unit area corresponding to the layout code with the spatial density bearing capacity boundary of the machine insertion operation area, and exclude layout codes whose number of holes per unit area exceeds the spatial density bearing capacity boundary.

[0028] Configure continuous repeating cyclic planting units according to the row spacing corresponding to the layout code, and map the hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole to the machine planting equipment. Exclude layout codes that cannot be continuously repeated in the same order or cannot be continuously executed by the machine planting equipment, and retain the remaining layout codes.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis described in this invention, the specific steps for matching the layout code with the machine-transplanting operation area record are as follows:

[0030] According to the nitrogen application rate, the row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole corresponding to the layout code are compared with the records of the machine transplanting operation area.

[0031] When there are records with the same row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole, the average actual yield of the corresponding record is determined as the expected yield, and the average time point for wide row closure and the average time point for reaching the early tillering threshold are determined.

[0032] When there are no identical records, among the adjacent records on both sides of the number of acupoints per unit area corresponding to the layout code, the records with the smallest differences are selected level by level in the order of row spacing configuration, acupoint spacing and number of seedlings per acupoint;

[0033] Based on the position of the number of acupoints per unit area corresponding to the layout code between two records, the expected yield, the time point for wide row closure, and the time point for reaching the early tillering threshold are determined according to the same ratio. If a record on either side is missing, the corresponding matching result is excluded.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis according to the present invention, the specific steps for forming the spatial layout map are as follows:

[0035] Compare the wide row closure time point in each matching result with the time point when the early tillering threshold is reached. If the wide row closure time point is not later than the time point when the early tillering threshold is reached, exclude the corresponding matching result. If the wide row closure time point is later than the time point when the early tillering threshold is reached, retain it.

[0036] The expected yields of the same layout code under each retained nitrogen application rate are arranged in ascending order, and the lowest expected yield is determined as the evaluation yield.

[0037] When the expected yield under multiple nitrogen application rates is equal to the evaluated yield, the earliest wide-row closure time point is selected as the corresponding wide-row closure time point.

[0038] Within the same machine insertion operation area, select the layout code with the highest evaluated output. If the evaluated outputs are the same, select the layout code with the later corresponding wide row closure time. Then, match the selected layout codes with the machine insertion operation areas to form a spatial layout diagram.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis described in this invention, the specific steps for converting the spatial layout map into zoning machine-transplanting instructions are as follows:

[0040] According to the spatial layout diagram, determine the row spacing configuration, hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole for each machine transplanting operation area. Arrange the machine transplanting operation areas along the machine transplanting operation direction and form a zoned machine transplanting instruction. When the layout codes of adjacent machine transplanting operation areas are the same, they are executed continuously. When the layout codes are different, switch the corresponding row spacing configuration, hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole.

[0041] Among the retained matching results of the minimum nitrogen application rate that is lower than the highest actual yield record of the corresponding machine-planting operation area in previous years, the nitrogen application rate with the highest expected yield is selected as the nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate. When there are multiple retained matching results with the highest expected yield, the minimum nitrogen application rate is selected as the nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate.

[0042] Record the number of tillers according to the growth process. When the number of tillers first reaches the threshold for early tiller control, drain the field and leave it dry. Correspondingly form a cultivation execution record with the machine transplanting operation area, layout code, nitrogen reduction fertilizer amount, number of tillers and drainage time.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of the spatial layout optimization cultivation method for machine-transplanted rice based on yield data analysis according to the present invention, the specific steps for forming the optimized spatial layout result of machine-transplanted rice are as follows:

[0044] After harvest, the actual yield of each machine transplanting area is matched with the layout code and nitrogen reduction fertilization amount in the cultivation execution record, and the actual yield is compared with the expected yield corresponding to the same layout code and nitrogen application amount.

[0045] The actual yield is added to the corresponding records of field location, nitrogen application rate and number of holes per unit area. The multi-year average actual yield corresponding to each number of holes per unit area and the yield increment between adjacent numbers of holes per unit area are re-determined. The spatial densification carrying capacity boundary is updated based on the yield increment and the yield increase judgment threshold.

[0046] When the absolute difference between the actual yield and the expected yield determined by the records on both sides of the number of holes per unit area is greater than the yield increase judgment threshold, the expected yield under the corresponding layout code and nitrogen application rate will no longer be used. After supplementing the corresponding records on both sides of the number of holes per unit area, the expected yield will be re-determined, and the spatial layout optimization result of machine-transplanted rice will be formed.

[0047] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By conducting big data analysis on cultivation, population growth, and yield data over the years based on field location, the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary and the early tillering control threshold are determined, avoiding the situation where yield no longer increases after increasing the number of planting holes and the timing of tillering control is delayed, thus improving the accuracy of spatial densification and population regulation; by optimizing the cycle row spacing, hole spacing, number of seedlings per hole, nitrogen application rate, and drainage and field resting time in a coordinated manner, and by using actual yield to verify and update layout parameters, the machine transplanting layout, nitrogen reduction fertilization, and tillering control management are coordinated, thereby improving the continuous operation capability of machine transplanting, layout stability, and yield formation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis.

[0050] Figure 2Flowchart for determining the spatial density carrying capacity boundary and the early tillering control threshold.

[0051] Figure 3 A flowchart for generating codes for the division and layout of the machine insertion work area.

[0052] Figure 4 A flowchart for layout simulation evaluation and cultivation feedback updates. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0055] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0056] Reference Figures 1-4 This is one embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis, including the following steps:

[0057] S1. Collect historical cultivation and yield data of the field, and collect corresponding records of the number of holes per unit area, population growth and actual yield according to field location and nitrogen application rate. Arrange the number of holes per unit area in ascending order. When the yield increase after adding holes does not exceed the yield increase judgment threshold for the first time, the number of holes per unit area before the addition of holes is determined as the spatial density carrying capacity boundary. Arrange the number of tillers in ascending order. When the number of tillers increases for the first time and the final effective number of ears no longer increases, the number of tillers before the increase is determined as the early tiller control threshold.

[0058] S1.1 Collect historical cultivation and yield data for the field, and correlate row spacing, number of holes per unit area, number of seedlings per hole, nitrogen application rate with changes in tillering, canopy lateral expansion, canopy closure time, final effective number of ears, and actual yield according to field location. Comparable records for the same field location are also compiled according to variety type and year.

[0059] It should be noted that the field is divided into continuous, statistically significant areas according to the direction of mechanized transplanting, and each area is assigned a unique location code. Historical records are compiled according to these location codes, and row spacing is recorded to show the distance between adjacent planting rows and the cycle sequence. The number of seedlings per hill and the total nitrogen application rate throughout the growing season are also recorded. In this embodiment, field area is uniformly measured in square meters, the actual number of planting hills is measured in hills, and the number of hills per unit area is measured in hills / square meter. Narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hill spacing, and the total bandwidth of the cyclic planting unit are uniformly measured in meters. The number of seedlings per hill is measured in seedlings / hill, and the basic number of seedlings per unit area is measured in seedlings / square meter. Actual yield, expected yield, yield increment, and yield increase threshold are uniformly measured in kilograms per acre, and nitrogen application rate is measured in kilograms of pure nitrogen per acre. The number of tillers and the final effective panicles are counted per square meter. Records are kept daily, starting from the transplanting day. When different units are used in the original records, they are converted to the corresponding unified units before comparison and calculation.

[0060] Count the actual number of planting holes in the same field location, and calculate the number of holes per unit area based on the corresponding field area:

[0061] ;

[0062] in, Indicates the number of acupoints per unit area; This indicates the actual number of planting holes within the statistical range; This indicates the field area within the statistical scope.

[0063] Observation points were set according to the same growth stage. The number of tillers and the lateral expansion range of the canopy were recorded at each field location. The observation point at which the canopy of adjacent planting rows first made continuous contact was determined as the canopy closure point. When there were narrow and wide rows, the canopy closure points of the narrow rows and the wide rows were recorded respectively. The final effective number of ears was counted at maturity. After harvest, the actual yield was determined according to the uniform area and measurement standard.

[0064] The location code, year, variety type, row spacing configuration, number of holes per unit area, number of seedlings per hole, nitrogen application rate, tillering variation, canopy lateral expansion, canopy closure time, final effective number of ears, and actual yield are compiled into annual records; annual records lacking location codes, planting configuration, nitrogen application rate, or actual yield are excluded; annual records lacking population growth data are not included in the determination of early tillering control thresholds; annual records of the same variety type and with consistent recording criteria within the same field location are grouped into comparable records.

[0065] S1.2 In comparable records of nitrogen application rates in the same field location, the average actual yield over multiple years is compared by increasing the number of holes per unit area. When the yield increase after the first increase in holes does not exceed the yield increase threshold, the number of holes per unit area before the increase is determined as the critical number of holes per unit area. In each nitrogen application rate group that is lower than the minimum nitrogen application rate in the highest actual yield record of the same field location and forms the critical number of holes per unit area, the minimum critical number of holes per unit area is determined as the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary.

[0066] It should be noted that comparable records under the same field location and nitrogen application rate were grouped by the number of planting holes per unit area, retaining only the planting hole grades with multi-year records, and calculating the multi-year average actual yield for each planting hole grade:

[0067] ;

[0068] in, Indicates the first The average actual yield over multiple years corresponding to the number of acupoints per unit area; Indicates the first The number of acupoints per unit area in the first grade Actual output for each year; Indicates the first The number of annual records corresponding to the number of acupoints per unit area; This indicates the order of acupoints arranged in ascending order of the number of acupoints per unit area; Indicates the year sequence number.

[0069] Calculate the yield increment between adjacent acupoint levels according to the increasing order of the number of acupoints per unit area:

[0070] ;

[0071] in, The number of acupoints per unit area is represented by the first... Level increased to the first The increase in output caused by the level; Indicates the first The average actual yield over multiple years corresponding to the number of acupoints per unit area.

[0072] The threshold for determining increased production is determined based on the deviation of the actual yield of adjacent acupoints over multiple years from their respective average values.

[0073] ;

[0074] in, Indicates the first Level and First The threshold for determining increased production between the number of acupoints per unit area; Indicates the first The number of annual records corresponding to the number of acupoints per unit area; Indicates the first The number of acupoints per unit area corresponding to the first level The actual output in each year.

[0075] The acupoints are compared in ascending order of grade. When the first increase in production does not exceed the production increase threshold, the [number] acupoint is [ranked]. The number of acupoints per unit area is determined as the critical number of acupoints per unit area corresponding to the nitrogen application rate.

[0076] Determine the nitrogen application rate used for the highest actual yield record within the same field location; when multiple records have the highest actual yield, select the record with the lowest nitrogen application rate and use the nitrogen application rate of the selected record as the upper limit of nitrogen application rate; in the nitrogen application rate group that is lower than the upper limit of nitrogen application rate and forms a critical number of holes per unit area, select the minimum critical number of holes per unit area as the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary; nitrogen application rate groups that do not form a comparative relationship between adjacent holes or do not have a critical number of holes per unit area are not included in the determination of the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary.

[0077] When all nitrogen application groups in the same field location fail to form the critical number of holes per unit area, or when there is a nitrogen application group that forms the critical number of holes per unit area but there is no nitrogen application group with a nitrogen application rate less than the upper limit and forming the critical number of holes per unit area, the corresponding field location will be marked as a location with insufficient data. This location will not participate in the spatial densification layout screening for the current cultivation cycle, and machine transplanting will be completed using the planting configuration corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years. After a new record is added that can form the critical number of holes per unit area less than the upper limit of nitrogen application, the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary will be redefined.

[0078] S1.3 In records where the spatial density carrying capacity has not been exceeded and the actual yield is not lower than the average actual yield over multiple years, the final effective number of ears is compared by increasing the number of tillers before canopy closure; when the number of tillers increases for the first time but the final effective number of ears no longer increases, the corresponding number of tillers before the increase is determined as the threshold for early tiller control.

[0079] It should be noted that, within the same field location, the number of tillers per unit area should not exceed the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary, and the actual yield should not be lower than the comparable records of the average actual yield over multiple years corresponding to the same nitrogen application rate and number of tillers per unit area; each annual record retains the number of tillers at the last observation point before the wide rows are completely closed, and corresponds to the final effective number of ears in the same year, forming a corresponding record of the number of tillers and the final effective number of ears.

[0080] Annual records that do not include wide rows, do not record the time of wide row closure, or do not have a record of tiller number observation before wide rows are completely closed are not included in the determination of the early tiller control threshold, but are still used for spatial densification carrying capacity boundary and actual yield statistics.

[0081] Group the corresponding records according to the nitrogen application rate, convert the number of tillers within each group according to a uniform area caliber, and arrange them in ascending order; when the same number of tillers corresponds to multiple records, calculate the average final effective panicle count according to the following formula; when it corresponds to only one record, directly use the final effective panicle count in the record:

[0082] ;

[0083] in, Indicates the first The average final effective number of spikelets corresponding to the number of tillers at each stage; Indicates the first The number of tillers corresponding to the first stage The final number of valid ears in each record; Indicates the number of corresponding records; Indicates the order of increasing stem tiller numbers; Indicates the record number.

[0084] Calculate the final effective spikelet number increment between adjacent tiller number levels sequentially:

[0085] ;

[0086] in, Indicates the number of stem tillers from the first... Level increased to the first The final effective spikelet number increase caused by the grade; Indicates the first The average final effective number of spikelets corresponding to the number of tillers at each stage.

[0087] When the first occurrence of a final effective spikelet count increment not greater than zero, record the first... The number of tillers is determined by selecting the minimum number of tillers recorded in each nitrogen application group and setting it as the early tiller control threshold for the corresponding field location. Nitrogen application groups that do not form a comparative relationship between adjacent tiller numbers are not included in the determination of the early tiller control threshold.

[0088] When all nitrogen application groups in the same field location cannot form a comparative relationship between adjacent tiller numbers, or when the final effective panicle number continues to increase with the increase of tiller number, the corresponding field location will not generate an early tiller control threshold, will not participate in the early tiller control optimization of the current cultivation cycle, and will be placed on dry land according to the water management time point corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years; after adding a new population growth record, the early tiller control threshold will be re-determined.

[0089] S2. Divide the machine planting operation area according to the spatial density carrying capacity boundary and construct the cyclic planting unit to form a wide and narrow row cycle. Determine the hole spacing and number of holes per unit area in conjunction with the row spacing and hole spacing. Determine the number of seedlings per hole according to the basic number of seedlings per unit area corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years. Combine the row spacing configuration, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area and number of seedlings per hole into the planting configuration and convert it into a layout code. Exclude layout codes that exceed the spatial density carrying capacity boundary and cannot be machine planted continuously.

[0090] S2.1 Compare the spatial density carrying capacity boundaries of adjacent field locations along the direction of machine transplanting. Divide the boundary levels according to the adjustable number of holes per unit area of ​​the machine transplanting equipment. Merge field locations with the same boundary level and continuous location into a machine transplanting operation area. Use the minimum spatial density carrying capacity boundary within the area as the spatial density carrying capacity boundary of the machine transplanting operation area.

[0091] It should be noted that before dividing the machine planting area, the row spacing and hole spacing that the machine planting equipment can continuously execute are pre-combined according to the number of planting rows, row spacing adjustment level and hole spacing adjustment level of the machine planting equipment, and each combination is converted into the number of holes per unit area to form the sequence of the number of holes per unit area that the equipment can execute.

[0092] Arrange the field locations along the direction of machine transplanting, and arrange the sequence of the number of acupoints per unit area that the equipment can execute in ascending order; for each field location, select the maximum number of acupoints per unit area that does not exceed the spatial densification bearing boundary from the sequence of the number of acupoints per unit area that the equipment can execute, and determine the corresponding sequence as the boundary level.

[0093] Compare the locations of adjacent fields sequentially along the direction of mechanized transplanting. When adjacent fields have the same boundary level, are continuous, and do not have any field facilities that would obstruct the passage of mechanized transplanting equipment, they are merged into the same mechanized transplanting operation area. When the boundary levels are different, the locations are discontinuous, or there are field facilities that would obstruct the passage of mechanized transplanting equipment, the boundaries of the mechanized transplanting operation area are demarcated at the corresponding locations.

[0094] After completing the comparison of all field locations, the smallest spatial densification carrying capacity boundary within each machine transplanting operation area is selected as the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary of the machine transplanting operation area. The boundaries of the machine transplanting operation area, field locations, and spatial densification carrying capacity boundaries are recorded accordingly to form the machine transplanting operation area division results.

[0095] When a single machine transplanting operation area contains multiple field locations that form an early tillering threshold, the minimum value among the early tillering thresholds of each field location is selected as the early tillering threshold for the machine transplanting operation area. If some field locations do not form an early tillering threshold, they are not included in the determination of the aforementioned minimum value. If none of the field locations form an early tillering threshold, the corresponding machine transplanting operation area is not included in the early tillering optimization.

[0096] S2.2 Set up continuous and repetitive cyclic planting units in each machine planting area, combine narrow row spacing, wide row spacing and hole spacing to form planting intervals, and determine the number of holes per unit area; take the basic number of seedlings per unit area of ​​the highest actual yield record in previous years as the target, and determine the number of seedlings per hole within the range of not exceeding the number of seedlings per hole in the corresponding record, to form the planting configuration.

[0097] It should be noted that within each machine planting area, the narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, and hole spacing that the machine planting equipment can continuously execute are combined according to the number of planting rows, the spacing between planting mechanisms, the hole spacing adjustment level, and the adjustable lateral interval of adjacent machine planting strokes. The combination of wide row spacing being greater than narrow row spacing and being able to continuously repeat to form a cyclic planting unit is retained to form candidate planting intervals.

[0098] Each cyclic planting unit contains multiple planting rows. Adjacent planting rows within the unit use the same narrow row spacing, while adjacent cyclic planting units use a wide row spacing. Multiple planting mechanisms within the same machine planting operation stroke are arranged according to the narrow row spacing to form planting rows within the cyclic planting unit. The lateral interval between adjacent machine planting operation strokes is determined according to the total bandwidth of the cyclic planting unit. Starting from the reference trajectory of the previous operation stroke, the total bandwidth of the cyclic planting unit is moved along the direction perpendicular to the machine planting operation to determine the reference trajectory of the next operation stroke, so that the distance between the outermost planting row of the previous operation stroke and the adjacent outermost planting row of the next operation stroke is equal to the wide row spacing. The lateral position of adjacent operation strokes is controlled according to the total bandwidth of the cyclic planting unit, so that the narrow row spacing and wide row spacing are continuously repeated along the direction perpendicular to the machine planting operation.

[0099] The total bandwidth of the cyclic insertion unit is determined according to the following formula:

[0100] ;

[0101] in, Indicates the first The total bandwidth of the cyclic insertion units corresponding to the candidate insertion interval; Indicates the number of planting rows contained in the cyclic planting unit; Indicates narrow line spacing; Indicates wide line spacing; Indicates the candidate planting interval number.

[0102] The number of holes per unit area is determined by the ratio of the number of planting rows to the product of the total bandwidth of the cyclic planting unit and the hole spacing.

[0103] ;

[0104] in, Indicates the first Number of planting holes per unit area corresponding to the group planting interval; Indicates the distance between acupoints.

[0105] Among comparable records in the machine-planting area, the record with the highest actual yield was selected as the reference record; if multiple records had the same highest actual yield, the record with the lowest nitrogen application rate and the lowest number of seedlings per hill was selected in that order. The target basic number of seedlings per unit area for the reference record was:

[0106] ;

[0107] in, This represents the basic number of seedlings per unit area. This indicates the number of acupoints per unit area corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years. This indicates the number of seedlings per hole corresponding to the same record; This represents a reference record of the highest actual output over the years.

[0108] Set the candidate number of seedlings per hole within a positive integer range that the machine-planting equipment can execute and that is no greater than the corresponding recorded number of seedlings per hole, and calculate the absolute difference in the number of basic seedlings:

[0109] ;

[0110] in, This represents the absolute difference in the number of basic seedlings; Indicates the first The number of candidate seedlings per hole corresponding to the group planting interval.

[0111] Select the candidate number of seedlings per hole corresponding to the smallest absolute difference in the number of basic seedlings; when there are multiple identical minimum absolute differences, select the candidate number of seedlings per hole with the smallest value; combine the narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole to form the planting configuration.

[0112] S2.3. Convert the planting configuration into a layout code, exclude layout codes where the number of holes per unit area exceeds the corresponding space density bearing limit, and exclude layout codes where the machine planting equipment cannot continuously complete the cyclic planting unit arrangement, and retain the remaining layout codes.

[0113] It should be noted that the candidate values ​​for the number of planting rows, narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole corresponding to the same machine planting equipment are arranged in ascending order of value. The order of each candidate value in the corresponding arrangement is determined as the parameter code. The parameter codes are combined in the order of the number of planting rows, narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole, so that each layout code uniquely corresponds to a set of planting configurations.

[0114] The number of holes per unit area corresponding to the layout code is compared with the spatial density bearing capacity boundary of the machine planting operation area. Layout codes with a number of holes per unit area greater than the spatial density bearing capacity boundary are excluded. For the remaining layout codes, continuous cyclic planting units are configured according to the number of planting rows and row spacing, and the hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole are mapped to the execution level of the machine planting equipment.

[0115] If the cyclic planting units cannot be repeated continuously in the same order, if any planting parameter exceeds the execution range of the machine planting equipment, or if the machine needs to be stopped and the planting mechanism manually adjusted or replaced during the planting process, it is determined that the machine planting equipment cannot continuously complete the arrangement of the corresponding cyclic planting units, and the corresponding layout code is excluded; the layout code that meets the spatial density bearing boundary and can be continuously machine planted is retained, and the correspondence between the layout code and the planting configuration and the machine planting operation area is recorded.

[0116] When no layout code is retained in the same machine planting operation area, the maximum number of holes per unit area not exceeding the spatial density bearing boundary is selected from the sequence of number of holes per unit area that the equipment can execute, and the corresponding planting interval and number of seedlings per hole are re-determined; when the re-determined planting configuration can be continuously completed by the machine planting equipment, a supplementary layout code is formed according to the conversion rules of the layout code, and it enters the subsequent matching and deduction; when it still cannot be continuously completed, the corresponding machine planting operation area is marked as not having formed an optimized layout, no corresponding partition machine planting instruction is generated, and the executable planting configuration corresponding to the highest actual production record in previous years is used to complete the machine planting.

[0117] S3. Match the layout codes with the machine planting operation area records to deduce the expected yield of each nitrogen application amount, the time of wide row closure, and the time of reaching the early tillering threshold. Exclude the matching results where the wide row has already been closed when the early tillering threshold is reached. Use the lowest expected yield of the retained results as the evaluation yield. Select the layout code with the highest evaluation yield. If the evaluation yields are the same, select the layout code with the later wide row closure time to form a spatial layout map.

[0118] S3.1. Group the historical cultivation and yield data of the machine-transplanting operation area according to the nitrogen application rate, and match the planting interval, number of seedlings per hole, and number of holes per unit area corresponding to the layout code with the records within the group; when there are records of the number of holes per unit area for multiple years, calculate the average of the actual yield and the population growth results to form a matching record.

[0119] It should be noted that the comparable records of each machine transplanting operation area are merged according to the amount of nitrogen applied, and the layout code is decoded to determine the narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, number of seedlings per hole, and number of holes per unit area. The aforementioned parameters are compared item by item with the historical records in each nitrogen application group. When all parameters are the same, they are marked as records with the same configuration. When any parameter is different, they are retained separately and arranged in ascending order according to the number of holes per unit area.

[0120] Within the same machine transplanting area, records with the same variety type, nitrogen application rate, and planting configuration in each field location are merged together; when there are records from multiple years or multiple field locations, the average values ​​of actual yield, population growth results, canopy closure time, and final effective panicle number are calculated separately according to a unified area and time caliber; when there is only one record, the corresponding record value is retained.

[0121] Record the nitrogen application rate, planting configuration, number of holes per unit area, actual yield, and population growth results to form a matching record.

[0122] S3.2 When there is a matching record with the same layout code, determine the expected yield, the time point for wide row closure, and the time point for reaching the early tillering threshold; when there is no matching record, use the matching record with the smallest difference in planting configuration on both sides of the number of holes per unit area for interpolation, and exclude the corresponding matching result if a matching record is missing on either side.

[0123] It should be noted that within each nitrogen application group, the narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, number of seedlings per hole, and number of holes per unit area corresponding to the layout code are compared with the matching records item by item. When all parameters are the same, the actual yield in the matching record is determined as the expected yield, the wide row closure time is determined as the corresponding wide row closure time, and the observation time when the number of tillers in the tiller change record is not less than the early tiller control threshold for the first time is determined as the time when the early tiller control threshold is reached.

[0124] When no matching records with identical parameters exist, among records where the number of holes per unit area is less than the corresponding value of the layout code, the record with the largest number of holes per unit area is selected as the lower matching record; among records where the number of holes per unit area is greater than the corresponding value of the layout code, the record with the smallest number of holes per unit area is selected as the upper matching record; when multiple records exist on the same side, the record with the smallest absolute difference in narrow row spacing is selected, and then from the retained records, the records with the smallest absolute difference in wide row spacing, the smallest absolute difference in hole spacing, and the smallest absolute difference in the number of seedlings per hole are selected in sequence; when multiple records still exist after completing the step-by-step screening, the records with the same planting configuration are averaged according to the merging caliber to form a matching record.

[0125] The interpolation ratio is determined based on the position of the number of acupoints per unit area between the upper and lower matching records:

[0126] ;

[0127] in, This indicates the interpolation ratio corresponding to the current layout code; and These represent the number of acupoints per unit area in the lower and upper matched records, respectively.

[0128] If there are no other acupoint number levels per unit area between the upper and lower matching records, linear interpolation is performed; if there are still other acupoint number levels per unit area between the upper and lower matching records, the nearest adjacent acupoint level to the acupoint number level per unit area corresponding to the layout code is reselected.

[0129] Using the same interpolation ratio, linear interpolation is performed on the actual yield, the wide row closure time, and the time when the early tillering threshold is reached for the matching records on the upper and lower sides, respectively, to obtain the expected yield, the wide row closure time, and the time when the early tillering threshold is reached; if any matching record is missing on either side, or if adjacent acupoint levels cannot be formed, the matching results of the layout code in the corresponding nitrogen application group are excluded.

[0130] S3.3. Within each nitrogen application group, exclude matching results where the wide-row closure time is no later than the time when the early tiller control threshold is reached; determine the lowest expected yield among the retained results of the same layout code as the evaluation yield. When the expected yields of multiple retained results are equal to the evaluation yield, determine the earliest wide-row closure time as the corresponding wide-row closure time, select the layout code with the highest evaluation yield, and when the evaluation yields are the same, select the layout code with the later corresponding wide-row closure time to form a spatial layout map.

[0131] It should be noted that, taking the planting time as the starting point, the wide row closure time and the time when the early tillering threshold is reached are compared within each nitrogen application group; if the wide row closure time is earlier than or equal to the time when the early tillering threshold is reached, the corresponding matching result is excluded; if the wide row closure time is later than the time when the early tillering threshold is reached, the corresponding matching result is retained; if no results are retained for the same layout code in all nitrogen application groups, the corresponding layout code is excluded.

[0132] The expected yields of the same layout code in each retained nitrogen application group are arranged in ascending order of value. The minimum expected yield is selected as the evaluation yield, and the wide row closure time corresponding to the nitrogen application group that generates the evaluation yield is determined as the corresponding wide row closure time. When the expected yields of multiple nitrogen application groups are equal to the evaluation yields, the wide row closure time that occurs earliest is selected as the corresponding wide row closure time.

[0133] Within the same machine transplanting area, select the layout code with the highest evaluated yield; if the evaluated yields are the same, select the layout code with the latest corresponding wide row closure time; mark the selected layout code with the boundary of the machine transplanting area, and associate it with the corresponding narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole to form a spatial layout map.

[0134] S4. Convert the spatial layout map into a zoned machine transplanting instruction, determine the amount of nitrogen reduction fertilizer according to the retained matching results, drain the field when the early tillering threshold is reached, form a cultivation execution record, and after harvest, match the actual yield with the cultivation execution record, verify the expected yield and update the spatial density carrying capacity boundary to form the spatial layout optimization result of machine-transplanted rice.

[0135] S4.1 Determine the planting interval and seedling quantity per hole according to the boundaries and layout codes of the machine planting operation area in the spatial layout diagram. Form zonal machine planting instructions according to the machine planting operation sequence, control the machine planting equipment to complete the planting of each machine planting operation area, and record the layout code actually executed in each machine planting operation area.

[0136] It should be noted that, according to the boundaries and layout codes of the machine transplanting operation area in the spatial layout diagram, the narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, and number of seedlings per hole corresponding to each machine transplanting operation area are determined; each transplanting mechanism within the same machine transplanting operation stroke is arranged according to the narrow row spacing, and the hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole are respectively mapped to the hole spacing setting and the single-hole seedling setting of the machine transplanting equipment, and the lateral position of the reference trajectory of adjacent machine transplanting operation strokes is determined according to the total bandwidth of the cyclic transplanting unit, so that a corresponding wide row spacing is formed between adjacent machine transplanting operation strokes.

[0137] Arrange the machine-planting work areas along the direction of travel of the machine-planting equipment. Write the boundary of the machine-planting work area, layout code, hole spacing setting, single hole seeding setting, and the horizontal position of the reference trajectory of adjacent machine-planting work strokes into the partition machine-planting command according to the arrangement order. If the layout codes of adjacent machine-planting work areas are the same, they are executed continuously. If the layout codes are different, the corresponding execution parameters are switched when the machine-planting work area boundary is reached.

[0138] The machine transplanting equipment controls the narrow row spacing, lateral interval between adjacent machine transplanting operations, hole spacing, and seedling quantity per hole according to the zoning machine transplanting instructions, and records the actual execution parameters of each machine transplanting operation area; when the actual execution parameters are consistent with the zoning machine transplanting instructions, the corresponding layout code is recorded; when the actual execution parameters are inconsistent, the actual execution parameters are re-coded according to the layout code conversion rules, and the newly formed layout code is associated with the corresponding field location and recorded.

[0139] S4.2. Among the retained matching results of the minimum nitrogen application rate in the highest actual yield record of the corresponding machine transplanting operation area in previous years, select the nitrogen application rate with the highest expected yield of the layout code as the nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate; record the number of tillers according to the growth process, and start drainage and field closure when the tiller control threshold is reached to form a cultivation execution record.

[0140] It should be noted that the layout codes actually implemented in each machine-planting operation area are associated with the corresponding reserved matching results. Among the reserved matching results where the nitrogen application rate is less than the nitrogen application rate used in the reference record of the highest actual yield in the corresponding machine-planting operation area over the years, the nitrogen application rate with the highest expected yield is selected as the nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate. When there are multiple results with the same highest expected yield, the result with the lowest nitrogen application rate is selected. When there is no reserved matching result that meets the above conditions, the corresponding machine-planting operation area does not generate a nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate, and fertilization is carried out using the nitrogen application rate used in the reference record of the highest actual yield in the years, and the corresponding machine-planting operation area is marked as a non-nitrogen reduction operation area. When there is no corresponding reserved matching result for the actual implemented layout code, the actual implemented planting parameters are re-matched with the matching records of each nitrogen application rate group, and the expected yield is re-determined according to the adjacent matching records on both sides of the number of holes per unit area. If a matching result still cannot be formed, the nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate is not generated, and fertilization is carried out using the nitrogen application rate used in the reference record of the highest actual yield in the years.

[0141] When a reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rate is established, fertilization should be carried out in stages according to the reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rate; when a reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rate is not established, fertilization should be carried out in stages according to the nitrogen application rate used in the reference record, and the amount of fertilizer applied and the time of application should be recorded for each application; the number of stem tillers in each machine-transplanted area should be recorded according to the growth process using the same area and statistical caliber as the early tiller control threshold. When the number of stem tillers is not less than the early tiller control threshold for the first time, irrigation should be stopped and drainage should be started, and the corresponding observation time point should be determined as the drainage time point.

[0142] The corresponding information, including the machine transplanting area, the actual layout code, the actual amount of nitrogen applied, the nitrogen reduction status, fertilization records, changes in tillers, and the time of drainage and field drying, is compiled to form a cultivation execution record.

[0143] S4.3 After harvest, the actual yield of each machine-transplanted area is mapped to the cultivation execution record and the expected yield is verified. The actual yield is then added to the data of the corresponding field location, nitrogen application rate and number of holes per unit area. The multi-year average actual yield and spatial densification carrying capacity boundary are recalculated to form the spatial layout optimization results of machine-transplanted rice.

[0144] It should be noted that after harvest, the harvest volume is counted separately according to the boundaries of the machine transplanting operation area and the field location, and the actual yield is determined according to the unified area and measurement caliber. The actual yield is then matched with the actual implementation layout code and the actual nitrogen application amount in the cultivation execution record. If the actual implementation layout code has an expected yield under the same nitrogen application amount, the actual yield is compared with the expected yield and the absolute difference in yield is recorded. If the actual implementation layout code does not have an expected yield, the re-coded transplanting parameters are matched again with the matching records under the same nitrogen application amount, and the expected yield is determined according to the adjacent matching records on both sides of the number of holes per unit area. If the matching record on either side is still missing, only the actual yield is recorded and the cultivation and yield data of previous years are added, without verifying the expected yield.

[0145] The actual yield, variety type, field location, actual layout code, nitrogen application rate, and number of holes per unit area are added to the historical cultivation and yield data. When the actual execution parameters are inconsistent with the zoning machine planting instructions, they are assigned to the corresponding comparable records according to the newly formed layout code and actual execution parameters.

[0146] Based on field location, variety type, and nitrogen application rate, comparable records are merged, and the multi-year average actual yield corresponding to the number of holes per unit area is recalculated. The yield increment is compared with the yield increase discrimination threshold in ascending order of the number of holes per unit area, and the critical number of holes per unit area and the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary are re-determined. When verifying the interpolated expected yield, the yield increase discrimination threshold between the lower matching record and the upper matching record that forms the current expected yield is determined as the corresponding yield increase discrimination threshold. When the absolute difference between the actual yield and the interpolated expected yield is greater than the corresponding yield increase discrimination threshold, the interpolation result under the corresponding layout code and nitrogen application rate is marked as invalid. The invalid interpolation result will not be used in subsequent cultivation cycles, and the expected yield is re-determined after supplementing the actual records of adjacent hole levels. When an adjacent hole level comparison relationship cannot be formed, the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary remains unchanged.

[0147] The spatial layout optimization results for machine-transplanted rice are generated by correspondingly organizing the boundaries of the machine-transplanting operation area, the actual implementation layout code, the actual nitrogen application rate, the nitrogen reduction status, the expected yield, the actual yield, and the updated spatial density carrying capacity boundary.

[0148] To verify the synergistic effect of spatial layout adjustment and nitrogen reduction cultivation, the same variety, the same seedling raising conditions, and the same field management conditions were selected to set up implementation treatment and control treatment. The implementation treatment adopted a cyclical narrow row and wide row configuration to reduce the number of seedlings per hole and reduce the nitrogen application rate throughout the growth period. The control treatment adopted a fixed equal row spacing and set up conventional nitrogen application rate, nitrogen reduction rate, and different number of seedlings per hole.

[0149] Field yield measurements showed that, with a cyclic wide-narrow row configuration, four seedlings per hole, and 18 kg of pure nitrogen per acre, the actual yield was 695.86 kg per acre; with a fixed row spacing, four seedlings per hole, and 21 kg of pure nitrogen per acre, the actual yield was 672.20 kg per acre; and with a fixed row spacing, six seedlings per hole, and 18 kg of pure nitrogen per acre, the actual yield was 660.85 kg per acre. Under these conditions, the cyclic wide-narrow row configuration increased the actual yield while reducing nitrogen application, indicating that the coordinated adjustment of the cyclic wide-narrow row configuration, the number of seedlings per hole, and the amount of nitrogen applied can maintain or increase the actual yield.

[0150] Under the same cyclic wide and narrow row configuration, increasing the number of seedlings per hole from four to six resulted in a decrease in actual yield from 695.86 kg / mu to 669.84 kg / mu. This indicates that further increasing the number of seedlings per hole after increasing the number of holes per unit area does not further improve yield. The above results show that, under the same cyclic wide and narrow row configuration, further increasing the number of seedlings per hole failed to improve actual yield, providing a field basis for determining the number of seedlings per hole based on the basic number of seedlings per unit area and for screening layout codes based on spatial density carrying capacity boundaries.

[0151] In summary, this invention improves the accuracy of spatial densification and population control by conducting big data analysis on historical cultivation, population growth, and yield data based on field location to determine the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary and the threshold for early tiller control, thus avoiding the situation where yield no longer increases after increasing the number of planting holes and the timing of tiller control is delayed. Furthermore, by optimizing the rotational row spacing, hole spacing, number of seedlings per hole, nitrogen application rate, and drainage timing, and by using actual yield to verify and update layout parameters, this invention achieves synergy between mechanized transplanting layout, nitrogen reduction fertilization, and tiller control management, thereby improving the continuous operation capability, layout stability, and yield formation efficiency of mechanized transplanting.

[0152] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis, characterized in that, include: Collect historical cultivation and yield data of the field, and collect corresponding records of the number of holes per unit area, population growth and actual yield according to field location and nitrogen application rate. Arrange the number of holes per unit area in ascending order. When the yield increase after adding holes does not exceed the yield increase judgment threshold for the first time, the number of holes per unit area before the addition of holes is determined as the spatial density carrying capacity boundary. Arrange the number of tillers in ascending order. When the number of tillers increases for the first time and the final number of effective ears no longer increases, the number of tillers before the addition is determined as the early tiller control threshold. The machine planting operation area is divided according to the spatial density carrying capacity boundary and a cyclic planting unit is constructed to form a wide and narrow row cycle. The row spacing configuration is determined in conjunction with the hole spacing and the number of holes per unit area. The number of seedlings per hole is determined according to the basic number of seedlings per unit area corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years. The row spacing configuration, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area and number of seedlings per hole are combined into a planting configuration and converted into a layout code. Layout codes that exceed the spatial density carrying capacity boundary and cannot be machine planted continuously are excluded. The layout codes are matched with the records of the machine planting operation area to deduce the expected yield, the time of wide row closure and the time of reaching the early tillering threshold for each nitrogen application. The matching results of wide rows that have been closed when the early tillering threshold is reached are excluded. The lowest expected yield of the retained results is used as the evaluation yield. The layout code with the highest evaluation yield is selected. If the evaluation yields are the same, the layout code with the later wide row closure time is selected to form a spatial layout map. The spatial layout map is converted into a zoned machine transplanting instruction. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer reduction is determined according to the retained matching results. When the early tillering threshold is reached, the field is drained and left to rest, forming a cultivation execution record. After harvest, the actual yield is matched with the cultivation execution record, the expected yield is verified and the spatial density carrying capacity boundary is updated, forming the spatial layout optimization result of machine-transplanted rice.

2. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for compiling the corresponding records of the number of planting holes per unit area, population growth, and actual yield based on field location and nitrogen application rate are as follows: According to the records corresponding to the same field location and nitrogen application rate, the number of holes per unit area is arranged in ascending order, and the multi-year average actual yield corresponding to the number of holes per unit area and the yield increment between adjacent number of holes per unit area are determined respectively. When the yield increase does not exceed the yield increase threshold for the first time, the number of holes per unit area before the increase is determined as the critical number of holes per unit area for the corresponding nitrogen application rate. Determine the minimum nitrogen application rate from the highest actual yield records of the same field location over the years. Among the nitrogen application rate groups that are lower than the minimum nitrogen application rate and form the critical number of holes per unit area, select the minimum critical number of holes per unit area as the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary. When there is no nitrogen application rate group that is lower than the minimum nitrogen application rate and forms a critical number of holes per unit area, the corresponding field location will be marked as a location with insufficient data, will not participate in the spatial density enhancement layout screening of the current cultivation cycle, and the machine transplanting will be completed using the planting configuration corresponding to the highest actual yield record of previous years.

3. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the number of tillers before the increase as the threshold for early tiller control are as follows: In the corresponding records where the spatial density carrying capacity limit is not exceeded and the actual yield is not lower than the corresponding multi-year average actual yield, the number of tillers at the last observation point before the wide row is completely closed is correlated with the final effective number of ears; Grouping the tillers according to the amount of nitrogen applied and arranging them in ascending order of tiller number, the final effective panicle number corresponding to adjacent tiller numbers is compared in turn. When the number of tillers increases for the first time and the increase in the final effective panicle number is not greater than zero, the tiller number before the increase is determined as the early tiller control threshold for the corresponding nitrogen application amount, and the minimum value is selected from the early tiller control thresholds corresponding to each nitrogen application amount.

4. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for dividing the machine planting operation area based on the spatial density bearing capacity boundary and constructing the cyclic planting unit are as follows: The row spacing and hole spacing combinations that the machine insertion equipment can continuously execute are converted into the number of holes per unit area, and arranged in ascending order of the number of holes per unit area to form an executable sequence; For each field location, select the maximum number of holes per unit area in the executable sequence that does not exceed the spatial densification carrying capacity boundary, and determine the corresponding sequence position as the boundary level; Along the direction of machine transplanting, field locations with the same boundary level and continuous location are merged into machine transplanting operation area, and the minimum spatial density carrying capacity boundary within the machine transplanting operation area is determined as the spatial density carrying capacity boundary of the corresponding machine transplanting operation area. Construct continuous, repeating cyclic planting units according to the number of planting rows of the machine-planting equipment. Narrow row spacing is used within each cyclic planting unit, and wide row spacing is used between adjacent cyclic planting units. The narrow row spacing and wide row spacing form a row spacing configuration, and the number of holes per unit area is determined in conjunction with the hole spacing.

5. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the number of seedlings per hill based on the basic number of seedlings per unit area corresponding to the highest actual yield record in previous years are as follows: In the corresponding records of the machine transplanting operation area, select the record with the highest actual yield over the years. If there are multiple corresponding records with the highest actual yield, select the corresponding records with the lowest nitrogen application rate and the lowest number of seedlings per hole in turn. The product of the number of holes per unit area and the number of seedlings per hole for the selected corresponding record is determined as the basic number of seedlings per unit area. The number of candidate seedlings per hole is set within a range that is not higher than the number of seedlings per hole for the selected corresponding record. Determine the absolute difference between the product of the number of holes per unit area and the number of candidate seedlings per hole and the basic number of seedlings per unit area. Select the candidate seedlings per hole with the smallest absolute difference. If the absolute differences are the same, select the candidate seedlings per hole with the smallest value. Then, form a planting configuration by corresponding row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole.

6. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific steps for establishing the planting configuration by corresponding row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole are as follows: The layout code is formed by combining the order of planting row number, narrow row spacing, wide row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole in the corresponding ascending arrangement. Compare the number of holes per unit area corresponding to the layout code with the spatial density bearing capacity boundary of the machine insertion operation area, and exclude layout codes whose number of holes per unit area exceeds the spatial density bearing capacity boundary. Configure continuous repeating cyclic planting units according to the row spacing corresponding to the layout code, and map the hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole to the machine planting equipment. Exclude layout codes that cannot be continuously repeated in the same order or cannot be continuously executed by the machine planting equipment, and retain the remaining layout codes.

7. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for matching the layout code with the machine insertion work area record are as follows: According to the nitrogen application rate, the row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole corresponding to the layout code are compared with the records of the machine transplanting operation area. When there are records with the same row spacing, hole spacing, number of holes per unit area, and number of seedlings per hole, the average actual yield of the corresponding record is determined as the expected yield, and the average time point for wide row closure and the average time point for reaching the early tillering threshold are determined. When there are no identical records, among the adjacent records on both sides of the number of acupoints per unit area corresponding to the layout code, the records with the smallest differences are selected level by level in the order of row spacing configuration, acupoint spacing and number of seedlings per acupoint; Based on the position of the number of acupoints per unit area corresponding to the layout code between two records, the expected yield, the time point for wide row closure, and the time point for reaching the early tillering threshold are determined according to the same ratio. If a record on either side is missing, the corresponding matching result is excluded.

8. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps for forming the spatial layout diagram are as follows: Compare the wide row closure time point in each matching result with the time point when the early tillering threshold is reached. If the wide row closure time point is not later than the time point when the early tillering threshold is reached, exclude the corresponding matching result. If the wide row closure time point is later than the time point when the early tillering threshold is reached, retain it. The expected yields of the same layout code under each retained nitrogen application rate are arranged in ascending order, and the lowest expected yield is determined as the evaluation yield. When the expected yield under multiple nitrogen application rates is equal to the evaluated yield, the earliest wide-row closure time point is selected as the corresponding wide-row closure time point. Within the same machine insertion operation area, select the layout code with the highest evaluated output. If the evaluated outputs are the same, select the layout code with the later corresponding wide row closure time. Then, match the selected layout codes with the machine insertion operation areas to form a spatial layout diagram.

9. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for converting the spatial layout diagram into partition machine insertion instructions are as follows: According to the spatial layout diagram, determine the row spacing configuration, hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole for each machine transplanting operation area. Arrange the machine transplanting operation areas along the machine transplanting operation direction and form a zoned machine transplanting instruction. When the layout codes of adjacent machine transplanting operation areas are the same, they are executed continuously. When the layout codes are different, switch the corresponding row spacing configuration, hole spacing and number of seedlings per hole. Among the retained matching results of the minimum nitrogen application rate that is lower than the highest actual yield record of the corresponding machine-planting operation area in previous years, the nitrogen application rate with the highest expected yield is selected as the nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate. When there are multiple retained matching results with the highest expected yield, the minimum nitrogen application rate is selected as the nitrogen reduction fertilizer application rate. Record the number of tillers according to the growth process. When the number of tillers first reaches the threshold for early tiller control, drain the field and leave it dry. Correspondingly form a cultivation execution record with the machine transplanting operation area, layout code, nitrogen reduction fertilizer amount, number of tillers and drainage time.

10. The method for optimizing the spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice cultivation based on yield data analysis as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The specific steps for achieving the optimized spatial layout of machine-transplanted rice are as follows: After harvest, the actual yield of each machine transplanting area is matched with the layout code and nitrogen reduction fertilization amount in the cultivation execution record, and the actual yield is compared with the expected yield corresponding to the same layout code and nitrogen application amount. The actual yield is added to the corresponding records of field location, nitrogen application rate and number of holes per unit area. The multi-year average actual yield corresponding to each number of holes per unit area and the yield increment between adjacent numbers of holes per unit area are re-determined. The spatial densification carrying capacity boundary is updated based on the yield increment and the yield increase judgment threshold. When the absolute difference between the actual yield and the expected yield determined by the records on both sides of the number of holes per unit area is greater than the yield increase judgment threshold, the expected yield under the corresponding layout code and nitrogen application rate will no longer be used. After supplementing the corresponding records on both sides of the number of holes per unit area, the expected yield will be re-determined, and the spatial layout optimization result of machine-transplanted rice will be formed.

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