Cross-hole deburring tool and deburring method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of cross-hole deburring tool and deburring method, the tool includes tool bar, drilling cutter body and finishing component.The tool bar is provided with radial installation cavity and gas pressure driving channel.The drilling cutter body is arranged at the front end of tool bar.The finishing component includes the gas pressure action plate sealed sliding in radial installation cavity, the blade mounting plate fixedly connected with the gas pressure action plate and finishing blade, and finishing blade is located at the rear of drilling cutter body.The tool bar is fixedly provided with flange plate covering the open side of radial installation cavity, the side of flange plate towards gas pressure action plate is provided with limit post, and reset member is abutted between flange plate and gas pressure action plate.Gas pressure action plate is driven by gas to drive finishing blade to move radially;When extending, the diameter of the rotation track of finishing blade is greater than the hole diameter of the hole to be processed, and the limit post is abutted by gas pressure action plate to limit the extension amount;After pressure relief, reset member drives finishing blade to reset.The present application can accurately control the extension amount of finishing blade and actively retract after finishing, to avoid damaging hole wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool technology, and in particular to a cross-hole deburring tool and a deburring method. Background Technology

[0002] In block-shaped workpieces such as hydraulic valve blocks and oil passage blocks, there are usually interconnected main holes and branch holes. During machining, the main holes are generally machined first, followed by the branch holes, so that the branch holes intersect with the main holes. When machining branch holes with a conventional drill bit, when the drill bit penetrates to the main hole, the residual material at the exit of the branch hole loses its support. The thin layer of material at the exit is prone to plastic bending, tearing, and rolling, eventually forming a flanged burr extending into the main hole at the exit edge where the branch hole intersects with the main hole. The root of this flanged burr is connected to the inner intersecting edge formed by the intersection of the branch hole exit and the inner wall of the main hole, and the burr body rolls and extends into the main hole along the drilling direction.

[0003] For cross-hole structures with large diameters, such as workpieces with main or branch hole diameters of 80mm, 100mm, or larger, the intersecting edge formed by the main hole and branch hole is relatively long, resulting in a larger burr distribution area. The intersecting edge formed by the main hole and branch hole is not a regular planar circular opening, but rather a spatial curve extending along the intersection of the inner curved surface of the main hole and the curved surface of the branch hole wall. At different positions along this spatial curve, the angle and support state between the two hole walls differ, thus the burr height, thickness, and flange direction are more likely to change along the intersecting edge. Since the root of this type of burr is connected to the inner intersecting edge, the key to burr treatment on the inside of the cross-hole is to remove the burr root as much as possible. If burrs remain or fall off, they can easily affect the cleanliness of the flow channel, sealing reliability, and the stability of the moving parts' fit. Therefore, it is usually necessary to deburr the inner intersecting edge at the intersection of the main hole and branch hole.

[0004] Various cutting tool solutions for removing burrs from intersecting holes have been proposed in the prior art, but they have certain drawbacks, as follows: The first type is the fixed step drill. This type of tool adopts a step drill structure, with the front end being the drilling section and the rear end having a fixed dressing edge. During machining, the front drilling section first drills the workpiece, while the rear fixed dressing edge continues to feed with the tool, cutting and blunting the edge burrs when passing through the edge of the hole and the intersecting area of ​​intersecting holes. This type of tool has a simple structure and can remove some burrs during the drilling process, thereby reducing the amount of subsequent deburring work to a certain extent.

[0005] However, the dressing edge of a fixed step drill is in a fixed position relative to the drilling part, and its radial position, axial position, and dressing range are mainly determined by the step structure itself. For intersecting holes, the intersection edge formed by the main hole and the branch hole is usually a spatial curve, and the burr height, burr thickness, and flange direction may vary at different positions on the intersection edge. When the fixed dressing edge passes through the intersecting hole area with the tool feed, it can only pass through the intersection edge according to the predetermined fixed trajectory of the step structure. Its actual contact position with the burr and the cutting depth are not easy to be consistent with the burr roots at various points on the intersection edge. For burrs that have rolled into the main hole due to drilling and are connected to the root of the intersection edge, it is easy to encounter a situation where the main action is on the burr tip and the outward-facing surface, and the burr root is not sufficiently removed.

[0006] The second type is the passive telescopic composite tool. This type of tool has a telescopic cutting edge on the side wall of the tool body. This cutting edge is driven to extend radially outward by an elastic element, typically a spring. When the tool passes through a section of the hole wall, the cutting edge is constrained by the hole wall and pressed into the tool body. When the cutting edge reaches the hole opening or a position where the hole wall constraint is missing, the elastic element drives the cutting edge to extend radially, thereby trimming burrs at the edge of the hole opening.

[0007] However, the extension of the cutting edge in this structure depends primarily on whether there is hole wall clamping at the current position, and its extension is passively triggered by changes in the hole wall contact state. For intersecting holes, after the hole to be machined intersects with the existing hole, the originally complete cylindrical hole wall is truncated in the intersection area, forming an inner intersecting edge with spatial curve characteristics. When the cutting edge passes through this area, the hole wall support on its outer side changes from the original continuous cylindrical surface clamping to local contact at the intersection edge and weakened constraint at the hole wall notch. This abrupt change in support state may cause the elastic element to push out the cutting edge before it has stabilized and approached the burr root, resulting in unexpected scraping of the cutting edge at the hole wall transition position near the intersection area, causing hole wall scratches and local overcutting. At the same time, since there are different intersection angles along the circumferential direction of the inner intersecting edge, the passively extended cutting edge is easily blocked and laterally squeezed by the local edge of the intersection edge when passing through this area, resulting in impact, wedging, or even chipping and jamming. Therefore, this type of tool has poor stability in its protrusion and cutting contact state within the intersecting area of ​​the cross holes, and is prone to insufficient removal of the burr root.

[0008] The third type is a standalone deburring tool. This type of tool is typically used as a separate operation after the main hole and branch holes are machined. It requires tool changing, re-feeding, and repositioning after the drilling process, thus increasing the machining cycle time and process complexity. This type of tool generally enters from the direction of existing holes such as the main hole, and by driving the cutting edge to extend and retract, it trims the burrs at the cross-hole exit of the branch hole.

[0009] However, the root of the burr at the branch hole exit is connected to the inner intersecting edge formed by the intersection of the branch hole exit and the inner wall of the main hole. This inner intersecting edge is located inside the main hole and is distributed in a spatial curve along the inner wall of the main hole. After the independent deburring tool enters from the main hole direction, although its blade can rotate for dressing, the actual sweeping range of the blade mainly depends on the tool entry depth, the blade extension, and the positional accuracy of the tool within the main hole. If the tool entry depth or the blade extension is too small, the blade may only contact the outward-facing part of the burr, leaving the burr root still intact. If the blade extension is increased or the dressing range is expanded to improve the burr removal effect, it is easy to scrape the inner wall of the main hole, forming ring marks, scratches, or local overcutting. Therefore, this type of tool is difficult to balance the removal of the burr root at the intersecting edge of the branch hole exit with the protection of the main hole wall. In addition, since this type of tool is used as an independent process, it will increase the process of tool changing, repositioning, and re-entry, affecting processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that after the cross hole is processed, the burrs at the outlet of the branch hole extend into the main hole. The existing fixed step drill has the problem that the trimming trajectory is fixed and the burr root is not sufficiently removed. The passive telescopic composite tool has the problem that the cutting edge extension is affected by the contact state with the hole wall, which can easily scratch the hole wall, overcut or get stuck. The independent deburring tool has the problem that it requires an additional independent process and it is difficult to take into account both the removal of the burr root and the protection of the main hole wall.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a cross-hole deburring tool, comprising: The tool holder has interconnected radial mounting cavities and pneumatic drive channels, wherein the radial mounting cavities have an open side; A drilling tool body is disposed at the front end of the tool holder and is used to drill the hole to be processed; The dressing assembly includes a pneumatic action plate that is sealed and slidably disposed in the radial mounting cavity, a blade mounting plate that is fixedly connected to the pneumatic action plate, and a dressing blade mounted on the blade mounting plate, wherein the dressing blade is located behind the drill bit body; A flange is fixed to the tool holder and covers the open side. The flange has a socket for the extension and retraction of the blade mounting plate and the trimming blade. A limiting post is provided on the side of the flange facing the pneumatic plate. The reset component abuts between the pneumatic plate and the flange; The pneumatic actuating plate is driven by the gas input from the pneumatic drive channel, causing the blade mounting plate and the dressing blade to move radially, switching the dressing blade between a retracted position and an extended position. In the retracted position, the cutting edge of the dressing blade is located radially inward of the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder. In the extended position, the cutting edge of the dressing blade extends beyond the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder and forms a rotation trajectory diameter larger than the diameter of the hole to be processed. The pneumatic actuating plate abuts against the limiting post to limit the radial extension of the dressing blade. After the pneumatic drive channel is depressurized, the reset member drives the pneumatic actuating plate to move in the opposite direction, resetting the dressing blade to the retracted position.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pneumatic plate divides the radial mounting cavity into a pneumatic cavity and a mounting cavity segment, and changes the volume of the pneumatic cavity during sliding. The pneumatic chamber is connected to the pneumatic drive channel. One end of the pneumatic chamber is closed by the solid part of the knife bar, and the other end is sealed by the pneumatic action plate. The blade mounting plate is disposed in the mounting cavity, the mounting cavity has the open side, and the socket communicates with the mounting cavity.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pneumatic plate is provided with a guide hole, and the limiting post is slidably engaged with the guide hole; during the sliding process of the pneumatic plate, the limiting post guides the pneumatic plate; when the end of the limiting post abuts against the bottom of the guide hole, the trimming blade reaches the extended position.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the limiting post is detachably connected to the flange; by replacing the limiting post with a different effective limiting length, the maximum radial extension of the dressing blade when it is in the extended position is adjusted.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the reset element is a reset spring.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the dressing blade is an indexable blade; the dressing blade is detachably connected to the blade mounting plate via a connector passing through its central mounting hole, and the dressing blade has a plurality of usable cutting edges that can be selected to be in a working position by indexing.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the blade mounting plate is provided with a limiting groove, the trimming blade is at least partially installed in the limiting groove, and the non-working part of the trimming blade is limited by the groove wall of the limiting groove, and the working part of the trimming blade protrudes out of the limiting groove.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the end of the tool holder away from the drill body is provided with a connecting portion, the connecting portion being used to connect with the tool shank so that the tool shank drives the tool holder and the drill body to rotate.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, a fixed air supply ring sleeve is further included. The fixed air supply ring sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the cutter bar and rotates with the cutter bar. The outer peripheral surface of the fixed air supply ring sleeve is provided with an air inlet hole for connecting an external air source. The inner peripheral surface of the fixed air supply ring sleeve is provided with an annular air supply groove communicating with the air inlet hole. The cutter bar is provided with a radial air inlet hole communicating with the pneumatic drive channel. The radial air inlet hole is correspondingly arranged and communicates with the annular air supply groove.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for deburring cross-holes, using the cross-hole deburring tool provided in the first aspect, comprising the following steps: The drill bit body is controlled to drill the workpiece along the drilling feed direction to form a hole to be machined that intersects with an existing hole; The tool holder is controlled to move along the drilling feed direction to a preset penetration depth so that the drilling tool body can drill through to the existing hole; After the drill bit body drills through the existing hole, the tool bar is controlled to continue moving along the drilling feed direction for a preset compensation stroke, so that the dressing bit reaches the burr trimming area corresponding to the intersection edge formed by the intersection of the hole to be processed and the existing hole. Supply air to the pneumatic drive channel to switch the trimming blade to the extended position; The tool holder is controlled to retract a preset trimming stroke in the retraction direction while rotating, so that the trimming blade sweeps the burr trimming area in the retraction direction while cutting with the tool holder, thereby trimming the root area of ​​the outward-turned burr at the intersection edge. Before the trimming blade leaves the burr trimming area, the air pressure drive channel is depressurized, so that the trimming blade returns to the retracted position. Control the tool holder to retract from the hole to be machined while it is rotating.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: This invention integrates a drilling cutter body and a retractable dressing component onto a single tool holder. The drilling cutter body is used to drill the hole to be machined, while the dressing component is used to trim the burrs on the intersecting edge where the hole to be machined intersects with an existing hole. During the drilling phase, the dressing insert is in a retracted position, not affecting the normal hole-forming process of the drilling cutter body. After the drilling cutter body drills through the existing hole, the tool holder continues to move forward with a preset compensation stroke, allowing the dressing insert to reach the burr trimming area corresponding to the intersecting edge. Subsequently, the dressing insert extends, and the diameter of its cutting edge rotation trajectory is larger than the diameter of the hole to be machined, enabling it to act on the root region of the burrs at the intersecting edge.

[0022] During the dressing process, the tool holder retracts a preset dressing stroke in the retraction direction while rotating, allowing the dressing insert to sweep across the burr dressing area in the retraction direction while rotating and cutting. This cuts and dresses the root area of ​​the outward-facing burrs distributed along the intersecting edge. Therefore, the dressing insert does not passively pass through the intersecting hole area during drilling, but extends and participates in dressing only after reaching the burr dressing area. This reduces the situation where only the burr tip or outward-facing surface is acted upon, leaving burr roots remaining, and improves the thoroughness of burr root removal inside the intersecting hole.

[0023] Meanwhile, the extension of the dressing insert is driven by a pneumatic plate, and does not passively extend due to the pressure of the hole wall. The dressing insert remains retracted during the drilling stage, extends after reaching the burr trimming area, and returns to the retracted position before leaving the burr trimming area. This reduces the risk of the dressing insert extending prematurely in non-trimming areas, scraping the entire hole wall, causing annular marks, local overcutting, and jamming, and is beneficial for balancing burr root removal and hole wall protection.

[0024] Furthermore, since the drilling tool body and the dressing component are mounted on the same tool holder, the burr removal of the inside of the drilled and cross-holes can be completed with the same tool. There is no need to switch to a separate deburring tool after drilling to re-enter and reposition the tool from the main hole direction, thereby reducing the number of separate deburring processes and improving processing efficiency and dressing stability.

[0025] Furthermore, the dressing insert is an indexable insert and is detachably connected to the insert mounting plate. After the insert wears out, it can be indexed to switch to a new usable cutting edge for continued use, eliminating the need to machine special non-standard inserts. This helps reduce insert procurement and maintenance costs and improves the ease of use of the tool. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece's structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-hole deburring tool provided by the present invention installed on a machine tool; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-hole deburring tool provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the cross-hole deburring tool provided by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial top view of the cross-hole deburring tool provided by the present invention; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool holder and dressing assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the radial mounting cavity on the tool holder provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trimming component provided by the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the trimming component provided by the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flange, limiting post, and resetting component provided by the present invention; Figure 12 This is a top view of the cross-hole deburring tool provided by the present invention; Figure 13 yes Figure 12 Sectional view in the BB direction; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the knife handle; Figure 15 This is a flowchart of the deburring method for cross holes provided by the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 10. Tool holder; 11. Radial mounting cavity; 111. Air pressure cavity; 112. Mounting cavity section; 12. Air pressure drive channel; 13. Radial air inlet; 14. Connecting part; 20. Drilling tool body; 30. Dressing assembly; 31. Air pressure plate; 311. Guide hole; 312. First sealing ring; 32. Tool mounting plate; 321. Limiting groove; 33. Dressing tool; 331. Center mounting hole; 332. 1. Usable cutting edge; 40. Flange; 41. Socket; 42. Limiting post; 50. Reset part; 60. Fixed air supply ring; 61. Air inlet; 62. Annular air supply groove; 63. Second sealing ring; 70. Tool holder; 71. Mounting hole; 80. Fixed air supply bracket; 90. Workpiece; 91. Hole to be machined; 92. Existing hole; 93. Outward burr at intersecting edge; 94. Burr trimming area; 100. Machine tool; 110. Machine tool spindle. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] See Figures 1 to 13 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a cross-hole deburring tool for drilling the hole 91 to be machined in a workpiece 90, and for trimming the intersecting edge burr 93 formed at the intersection of the hole 91 to be machined and the existing hole 92. The composite tool includes a tool holder 10, a drilling tool body 20, and a trimming assembly 30.

[0031] The tool holder 10 is a rod-shaped structure that can rotate with the machine tool spindle 110. The tool holder 10 is provided with a radial mounting cavity 11 and a pneumatic drive channel 12 that are interconnected. The radial mounting cavity 11 is arranged radially along the tool holder 10 and is used to accommodate the dressing assembly 30. The pneumatic drive channel 12 is used to input pressurized gas into the radial mounting cavity 11 to drive the dressing assembly 30 to move radially relative to the tool holder 10.

[0032] The drilling cutter body 20 is located at the front end of the tool holder 10 and is used to drill the workpiece 90 to form the hole 91 to be machined. The drilling cutter body 20 is coaxially arranged with the tool holder 10. When the tool holder 10 rotates and moves along the drilling feed direction, the drilling cutter body 20 performs drilling on the workpiece 90.

[0033] The trimming assembly 30 includes a pneumatic actuating plate 31, a blade mounting plate 32, and a trimming blade 33. The pneumatic actuating plate 31 is disposed in the radial mounting cavity 11 and is in a sealing sliding fit with the cavity wall of the radial mounting cavity 11. The blade mounting plate 32 extends along the radial mounting cavity 11 and is fixedly connected to the pneumatic actuating plate 31, and the trimming blade 33 is mounted on the blade mounting plate 32. Pressurized gas enters the radial mounting cavity 11 through the pneumatic drive channel 12 and acts on the pneumatic actuating plate 31, causing the pneumatic actuating plate 31 to drive the blade mounting plate 32 and the trimming blade 33 to move along the radial mounting cavity 11.

[0034] The dressing insert 33 has a retracted position and an extended position. In the retracted position, the cutting edge of the dressing insert 33 is located radially inward on the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder 10, without affecting the normal hole forming of the drilling tool body 20. In the extended position, the cutting edge of the dressing insert 33 extends outward from the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder 10 and rotates with the tool holder 10 to form a rotation trajectory diameter larger than the diameter of the hole to be machined 91, enabling the dressing insert 33 to cut the intersecting edge burr 93 at the intersection of the hole to be machined 91 and the existing hole 92. The dressing insert 33 can be rhomboid, square, or triangular.

[0035] The drilling body 20 and the dressing assembly 30 are spaced apart along the axial direction of the tool holder 10, with the dressing insert 33 located behind the drilling body 20. Specifically, there is a set axial distance between the drill tip or cutting front end of the drilling body 20 and the cutting edge of the dressing insert 33. The set axial distance is used to determine the preset compensation stroke for the tool holder 10 to continue moving forward after the hole to be processed 91 penetrates to the existing hole 92, so that after the drilling body 20 drills through the cavity of the existing hole 92, the dressing insert 33 can continue to move with the tool holder 10 to the burr trimming area 94 corresponding to the intersection edge formed by the intersection of the hole to be processed 91 and the existing hole 92.

[0036] During operation, the drill body 20 first drills the hole to be processed 91. During the drilling stage, the dressing insert 33 remains in the retracted position. After the hole to be processed 91 is penetrated to the existing hole 92, the tool holder 10 continues to move, so that the dressing insert 33, located behind the drill body 20, reaches the burr trimming area 94. Subsequently, air is supplied to the pneumatic drive channel 12, causing the pneumatic action plate 31 to drive the insert mounting plate 32 and the dressing insert 33 to move radially outward. The dressing insert 33 switches to the extended position and, with the rotation of the tool holder 10, cuts the intersecting edge outward-facing burr 93.

[0037] The dressing insert 33 extends only after reaching the burr trimming area 94. Its cutting edge rotation trajectory diameter is larger than the diameter of the hole 91 to be processed, enabling it to act on the root region of the intersecting edge outward-curling burr 93. When the tool holder 10 retracts the preset trimming stroke in the retraction direction while rotating, the dressing insert 33 rotates with the tool holder 10 to cut and sweeps the burr trimming area 94 in the retraction direction, thereby trimming the intersecting edge outward-curling burr 93 and reducing the situation where only the burr tip or outward-curling surface is scraped while the burr root remains.

[0038] After the trimming is completed, the air supply to the pneumatic drive channel 12 is stopped. Under the action of the reset component, the pneumatic action plate 31 drives the insert mounting plate 32 and the trimming insert 33 to return from the extended position to the retracted position. Then, the tool holder 10 is withdrawn from the hole to be machined 91. With the above structure, the drilling tool body 20 and the retractable trimming component 30 are integrated on the same tool holder 10, so that the trimming of the burrs 93 inside the drilled hole and the cross hole can be completed by the same tool, thereby reducing tool changing, secondary clamping and independent deburring processes.

[0039] In one preferred embodiment, the limiting post 42 is detachably connected to the flange 40. The limiting post 42 has different effective limiting lengths. By replacing the limiting post 42 with different effective limiting lengths, the position of the pneumatic plate 31 when it abuts against the limiting post 42 can be changed, thereby adjusting the maximum radial extension of the trimming blade 33 in the extended position. The maximum radial extension is used to determine the diameter of the rotation trajectory of the trimming blade 33's cutting edge, thereby adjusting the amount of burr 93 removed from the intersecting edge and the size or blunting amount of the chamfer at the intersecting edge to adapt to trimming requirements with different burr heights, burr thicknesses, or burr flanging degrees.

[0040] See Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the pneumatic actuating plate 31 divides the radial mounting cavity 11 into a pneumatic chamber 111 and a mounting cavity section 112. The pneumatic chamber 111 is connected to the pneumatic drive channel 12 and is used to receive pressurized gas input from the pneumatic drive channel 12. One end of the pneumatic chamber 111 is closed by the solid part of the tool bar 10, and the other end is sealed by the pneumatic actuating plate 31. Thus, after the pressurized gas enters the pneumatic chamber 111, it can act on the pneumatic actuating plate 31 and push the pneumatic actuating plate 31 to move along the radial mounting cavity 11; during the movement of the pneumatic actuating plate 31, the volume of the pneumatic chamber 111 changes accordingly.

[0041] The blade mounting plate 32 is disposed in the mounting cavity 112. The mounting cavity 112 has an open side, which is used for inserting the blade mounting plate 32 and the dressing blade 33 into the radial mounting cavity 11, and also facilitates subsequent replacement and maintenance of the dressing blade 33. A flange 40 covering the open side is fixedly connected to the tool holder 10. The flange 40 can be fixed to the tool holder 10 by screws, locating pins or other connecting parts. The flange 40 is provided with a socket 41, which communicates with the mounting cavity 112. The blade mounting plate 32 and the dressing blade 33 can extend and retract radially through the socket 41. In this way, the flange 40 can both close the open side of the mounting cavity 112 and not affect the extension and retraction of the dressing blade 33.

[0042] Preferably, the outer peripheral surface of the pneumatic plate 31 is provided with a first sealing ring 312, which makes sealing contact with the cavity wall of the radial mounting cavity 11. The first sealing ring 312 forms a seal between the pneumatic plate 31 and the cavity wall of the radial mounting cavity 11 to reduce the leakage of pressurized gas from the pneumatic cavity 111 to the mounting cavity section 112.

[0043] See Figure 9 and Figure 11As shown, a limiting post 42 is provided on the side of the flange 40 facing the mounting cavity section 112. The limiting post 42 extends along the sliding direction of the pneumatic actuating plate 31. During the process of the dressing blade 33 switching from the retracted position to the extended position, the pneumatic actuating plate 31 moves towards the flange 40 under the action of pressurized gas. When the dressing blade 33 moves to the predetermined extended position, the pneumatic actuating plate 31 abuts against the limiting post 42, thereby preventing the pneumatic actuating plate 31 from moving further outward. Since the blade mounting plate 32 and the dressing blade 33 are connected to the pneumatic actuating plate 31, the limiting post 42's limitation on the pneumatic actuating plate 31 also limits the radial extension of the dressing blade 33. Thus, the dressing blade 33 can be prevented from over-extending due to excessive air pressure, reducing the risk of enlargement, annular grooves, or scratches forming on the complete hole wall section of the hole to be machined 91.

[0044] Further, see Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the pneumatic actuating plate 31 is provided with a guide hole 311, and the limiting post 42 is slidably engaged with the guide hole 311. When the pneumatic actuating plate 31 moves along the radial mounting cavity 11, the limiting post 42 is inserted into the guide hole 311 to guide the movement of the pneumatic actuating plate 31, so that the pneumatic actuating plate 31, the blade mounting plate 32, and the trimming blade 33 can smoothly extend and retract in a predetermined radial direction. Preferably, the guide hole 311 is a blind hole. When the end of the limiting post 42 abuts against the bottom of the guide hole 311, the pneumatic actuating plate 31 stops moving further, and the trimming blade 33 reaches the extended position. This structure allows the limiting post 42 to have both guiding and limiting functions, reducing the number of parts and improving the repeatability of the extended position of the trimming blade 33.

[0045] In other embodiments, the guide hole 311 can also be a through hole, and the limiting post 42 can limit the stroke by using a limiting step, a limiting end face, or cooperating with a limiting surface on the pneumatic plate 31. Any structure that can guide the radial movement of the pneumatic plate 31 and limit the extension position of the trimming blade 33 is a replaceable structure in this embodiment.

[0046] See Figure 11 As shown, the composite tool also includes a reset element 50. The reset element 50 abuts between the pneumatic actuating plate 31 and the flange 40, and is used to drive the trimming blade 33 to reset to the retracted position after the pneumatic drive channel 12 is depressurized. Specifically, when the pneumatic drive channel 12 is supplied with air, the pressurized gas pushes the pneumatic actuating plate 31 towards the flange 40, compressing the reset element 50; after trimming is completed and the pneumatic drive channel 12 is depressurized, the reset element 50 releases its elastic force, pushing the pneumatic actuating plate 31 to move in the opposite direction, causing the blade mounting plate 32 to drive the trimming blade 33 back to the retracted position. Preferably, the reset element 50 is a reset spring.

[0047] See Figure 6 and Figure 9As shown, the dressing insert 33 is an indexable insert. The dressing insert 33 has a central mounting hole 331. A connector passes through the central mounting hole 331 and connects to the insert mounting plate 32, thereby detachably fixing the dressing insert 33 to the insert mounting plate 32. The connector can be a clamping screw, countersunk screw, or other insert clamping component. The dressing insert 33 has multiple usable cutting edges 332, which can be selected to work by indexing. When the current working cutting edge wears out, the connector can be loosened, the dressing insert 33 can be rotated to bring another usable cutting edge 332 to the working position, and then the connector can be locked. Therefore, the dressing insert 33 can use commercially available standard indexable inserts, eliminating the need to machine special shaped inserts or non-standard scraping heads for the cross-hole burrs 93, reducing procurement and maintenance costs.

[0048] See Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the blade mounting plate 32 is provided with a limiting groove 321, and the dressing blade 33 is at least partially installed in the limiting groove 321. The groove wall of the limiting groove 321 is used to limit the non-working part of the dressing blade 33, and the working part of the dressing blade 33 protrudes out of the limiting groove 321 so that it can cut the intersecting edge burr 93 in the extended position. By providing the limiting groove 321, the positioning area between the dressing blade 33 and the blade mounting plate 32 can be increased, reducing the wobble or loosening of the dressing blade 33 during the cutting process and improving the stability of the dressing blade 33.

[0049] See Figure 4 and Figure 13 As shown, the composite cutting tool also includes a fixed air supply ring 60. The fixed air supply ring 60 is sleeved on the outside of the tool holder 10 and rotatably engages with the tool holder 10. The outer circumferential surface of the fixed air supply ring 60 is provided with an air inlet 61, which is used to connect to an external air source. The inner circumferential surface of the fixed air supply ring 60 is provided with an annular air supply groove 62, which communicates with the air inlet 61. The tool holder 10 is provided with a radial air inlet 13, which communicates with the pneumatic drive channel 12, and the radial air inlet 13 is correspondingly arranged and communicates with the annular air supply groove 62.

[0050] Preferably, the radial air inlet 13 forms an opening on the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder 10. This opening is positioned opposite the annular air supply groove 62, and the axial dimension of the opening on the tool holder 10 is not less than the axial width of the annular air supply groove 62. Two second sealing rings 63 are located on opposite axial sides of the annular air supply groove 62, and the opening is entirely situated within the sealed air supply area formed between the two second sealing rings 63. Therefore, the gas in the annular air supply groove 62 can fully enter the radial air inlet 13, and the gas is confined within the sealed air supply area, thereby reducing leakage along the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder 10.

[0051] See Figure 2and Figure 3 As shown, the fixed air supply ring 60 is mounted on the fixed air supply bracket 80, which is fixed to a non-rotating mounting part on the outside of the spindle of the machine tool 100. The non-rotating mounting part can be a mounting seat on the outside of the spindle. The tool holder 70 is connected to the machine tool spindle 110 and rotates with it; the tool shank 10 is connected to the tool holder 70 and rotates with it; the fixed air supply bracket 80 and the fixed air supply ring 60 remain stationary and do not rotate with the tool shank 10.

[0052] During operation, an external air source supplies air to the annular air supply groove 62 through the air inlet 61. The annular air supply groove 62 then guides the air into the radial air inlet 13 on the tool holder 10, and finally into the pneumatic drive channel 12. Since the annular air supply groove 62 extends circumferentially along the fixed air supply ring 60, the radial air inlet 13 can still maintain communication with the annular air supply groove 62 when the tool holder 10 rotates relative to the fixed air supply ring 60. Thus, the external air supply pipeline can be connected to the fixed air supply ring 60 without rotating with the tool holder 10, avoiding entanglement and twisting of the air supply pipeline and improving the reliability of air supply during rotary machining.

[0053] See Figure 4 and Figure 14 As shown, the end of the tool holder 10 away from the drill body 20 is provided with a connecting portion 14, which is used to connect with the tool shank 70. The connecting portion 14 can be a cylindrical connecting section, a tapered shank connecting section, a threaded connecting section, or other conventional tool connection structures. In this embodiment, the connecting portion 14 is a cylindrical connecting portion, and the tool shank 70 is provided with a mounting hole 71 that mates with the connecting portion 14. After the connecting portion 14 is inserted into the mounting hole 71, it is fixedly connected to the tool shank 70 by a clamping screw, a clamping sleeve, a heat fitting, hydraulic clamping, or other clamping methods. The tool shank 70 is used to connect with the machine tool spindle 110, so that the machine tool spindle 110 can drive the tool holder 10 and the drill body 20 to rotate through the tool shank 70.

[0054] Thus, the machine tool spindle 110, tool holder 70, tool bar 10, and drilling tool body 20 constitute a rotary transmission path; the fixed air supply bracket 80, fixed air supply ring 60, and external air supply pipeline constitute a non-rotational air supply path. When the tool bar 10 rotates under the drive of the tool holder 70, the fixed air supply ring 60 remains relatively stationary, and external gas can still enter the pneumatic drive channel 12 through the air inlet 61, the annular air supply groove 62, and the radial air inlet 13, thereby achieving stable air supply during rotary machining.

[0055] See Figure 15As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a method for deburring intersecting holes, which is implemented using the aforementioned deburring tool for intersecting holes. An existing hole 92 is pre-formed on the workpiece 90, and a hole 91 to be processed is used to intersect with the existing hole 92. In this embodiment, the existing hole 92 can be a main hole, and the hole 91 to be processed can be a branch hole. After the hole 91 to be processed intersects with the existing hole 92, an intersecting edge is formed at the junction of their hole walls. When the drill bit 20 drills through to the existing hole 92, the residual material at the exit of the hole 91 to be processed easily rolls into the existing hole 92, thereby forming an intersecting edge outward-curling burr 93 at the intersecting edge. The area corresponding to the intersecting edge and the intersecting edge outward-curling burr 93 is a burr trimming area 94, which includes the root area of ​​the intersecting edge outward-curling burr 93.

[0056] The method for deburring cross holes includes the following steps: First, the tool holder 10 is controlled to rotate along the machine tool spindle 110 and move along the drilling feed direction, so that the drilling tool body 20 drills the workpiece 90 to form the hole 91 to be machined. During the drilling process, the dressing insert 33 is kept in the retracted position. The cutting edge of the dressing insert 33 is located radially inside the outer circumference of the tool holder 10, so it will not participate in the drilling and will not scratch the hole wall of the hole 91 to be machined.

[0057] When the drill bit 20 drills through the wall of the hole to be drilled 91 and the existing hole 92, the hole to be drilled 91 and the existing hole 92 become connected. The preset penetration depth or penetration position corresponding to the drilling can be predetermined based on the spatial position of the existing hole 92 relative to the hole to be drilled 91, the size of the workpiece 90, and the tool length parameters, or it can be set through the coordinate position in the machining program.

[0058] After the drill body 20 drills through the existing hole 92, the dressing insert 33, located behind the drill body 20, has not yet reached the burr trimming area 94. Therefore, the tool holder 10 is controlled to move along the drilling feed direction by a preset compensation stroke, so that the dressing insert 33 moves to the burr trimming area 94. The preset compensation stroke can be determined based on the axial distance between the drill tip of the drill body 20 and the cutting edge of the dressing insert 33, and is set in combination with the intersection position of the hole to be processed 91 and the existing hole 92, the position of the burr trimming area 94, and the required trimming allowance, so that the dressing insert 33 can reach the burr trimming area 94 corresponding to the intersection edge formed by the intersection of the hole to be processed 91 and the existing hole 92.

[0059] When the dressing blade 33 reaches the burr trimming area 94, air is supplied to the pneumatic drive channel 12. The pressurized gas enters the pneumatic chamber 111 and acts on the pneumatic action plate 31. The pneumatic action plate 31 drives the blade mounting plate 32 and the dressing blade 33 to move radially outward along the mounting cavity 11, causing the dressing blade 33 to switch to the extended position. In the extended position, the cutting edge of the dressing blade 33 extends outward from the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder 10, and the diameter of its cutting edge rotation trajectory is larger than the diameter of the hole 91 to be processed. This allows it to act on the intersection edge formed by the intersection of the hole 91 to be processed and the existing hole 92, and trim the root area of ​​the outward-turned burr 93 located at the intersection edge.

[0060] Subsequently, the control tool holder 10 retracts a preset trimming stroke in the retraction direction while rotating. During this process, the trimming insert 33 rotates and cuts with the tool holder 10, and moves with the tool holder 10 in the retraction direction, thereby sweeping the burr trimming area 94 in the retraction direction and trimming the root area of ​​the intersecting edge outward-curved burr 93. Specifically, the trimming insert 33 can act on the intersecting edge outward-curved burr 93 by scraping, blunt cutting, or cutting removal, so as to reduce the situation where the trimming insert 33 only scrapes the burr tip or outward-curved surface and leaves the burr root intact.

[0061] The preset trimming stroke can be determined based on the distribution range of the burr trimming area 94 along the axial direction of the hole 91 to be processed. Since the intersection edge formed by the intersection of the hole 91 to be processed and the existing hole 92 is usually a spatial curve, the trimming blade 33 forms a sweeping cutting path through rotational cutting and retraction movement, so that its cutting range can cover the intersecting edge outward burrs 93 distributed along the intersection edge.

[0062] Before the dressing insert 33 completes its preset dressing stroke and leaves the burr dressing area 94, the pneumatic drive channel 12 is depressurized, causing the pneumatic action plate 31 to lose its gas thrust, and the dressing insert 33 returns to its retracted position. Subsequently, the tool holder 10 continues to be controlled to retract from the hole 91 to be processed while rotating. Since the dressing insert 33 retracts before exiting the complete hole wall section, the risk of the dressing insert 33 scratching the hole wall of the hole 91 to be processed, causing ring marks, local overcutting, or hole enlargement can be reduced.

[0063] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A deburring tool for cross holes, characterized in that: include: The tool holder has interconnected radial mounting cavities and pneumatic drive channels, wherein the radial mounting cavities have an open side; A drilling tool body is disposed at the front end of the tool holder and is used to drill the hole to be processed; The dressing assembly includes a pneumatic action plate that is sealed and slidably disposed in the radial mounting cavity, a blade mounting plate that is fixedly connected to the pneumatic action plate, and a dressing blade mounted on the blade mounting plate, wherein the dressing blade is located behind the drill bit body; A flange is fixed to the tool holder and covers the open side. The flange has a socket for the extension and retraction of the blade mounting plate and the trimming blade. A limiting post is provided on the side of the flange facing the pneumatic plate. The reset component abuts between the pneumatic plate and the flange; The pneumatic actuating plate is driven by the gas input from the pneumatic drive channel, causing the blade mounting plate and the dressing blade to move radially, switching the dressing blade between a retracted position and an extended position. In the retracted position, the cutting edge of the dressing blade is located radially inward of the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder. In the extended position, the cutting edge of the dressing blade extends beyond the outer circumferential surface of the tool holder and forms a rotation trajectory diameter larger than the diameter of the hole to be processed. The pneumatic actuating plate abuts against the limiting post to limit the radial extension of the dressing blade. After the pneumatic drive channel is depressurized, the reset member drives the pneumatic actuating plate to move in the opposite direction, resetting the dressing blade to the retracted position.

2. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic plate divides the radial mounting cavity into a pneumatic cavity and a mounting cavity segment, and changes the volume of the pneumatic cavity during sliding. The pneumatic chamber is connected to the pneumatic drive channel. One end of the pneumatic chamber is closed by the solid part of the knife bar, and the other end is sealed by the pneumatic action plate. The blade mounting plate is disposed in the mounting cavity, the mounting cavity has the open side, and the socket communicates with the mounting cavity.

3. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic plate is provided with a guide hole, and the limiting post slides in conjunction with the guide hole; during the sliding process of the pneumatic plate, the limiting post guides the pneumatic plate; when the end of the limiting post abuts against the bottom of the guide hole, the trimming blade reaches the extended position.

4. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting post is detachably connected to the flange; by replacing the limiting post with one having a different effective limiting length, the maximum radial extension of the dressing blade when it is in the extended position can be adjusted.

5. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reset component is a reset spring.

6. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dressing blade is an indexable blade; the dressing blade is detachably connected to the blade mounting plate via a connector passing through its central mounting hole, and the dressing blade has multiple usable cutting edges that can be selected to be in a working position by indexing.

7. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade mounting plate is provided with a limiting groove. The trimming blade is at least partially installed in the limiting groove, and its non-working part is limited by the groove wall. The working part of the trimming blade protrudes out of the limiting groove.

8. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the tool holder away from the drill body is provided with a connecting part, which is used to connect with the tool shank so that the tool shank drives the tool holder and the drill body to rotate.

9. The deburring tool for cross holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fixed air supply ring sleeve, which is sleeved on the outside of the cutter bar and rotatably engaged with the cutter bar; the outer circumferential surface of the fixed air supply ring sleeve is provided with an air inlet hole for connecting an external air source; the inner circumferential surface of the fixed air supply ring sleeve is provided with an annular air supply groove communicating with the air inlet hole; the cutter bar is provided with a radial air inlet hole communicating with the pneumatic drive channel, and the radial air inlet hole is correspondingly arranged and communicating with the annular air supply groove.

10. A method for deburring intersecting holes, characterized in that: Using the cross-hole deburring tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the process includes the following steps: The drill bit body is controlled to drill the workpiece along the drilling feed direction to form a hole to be machined that intersects with an existing hole; The tool holder is controlled to move along the drilling feed direction to a preset penetration depth so that the drilling tool body can drill through to the existing hole; After the drill bit body drills through the existing hole, the tool bar is controlled to continue moving along the drilling feed direction for a preset compensation stroke, so that the dressing bit reaches the burr trimming area corresponding to the intersection edge formed by the intersection of the hole to be processed and the existing hole. Supply air to the pneumatic drive channel to switch the trimming blade to the extended position; The tool holder is controlled to retract a preset trimming stroke in the retraction direction while rotating, so that the trimming blade sweeps the burr trimming area in the retraction direction while cutting with the tool holder, thereby trimming the root area of ​​the outward-turned burr at the intersection edge. Before the trimming blade leaves the burr trimming area, the air pressure drive channel is depressurized, so that the trimming blade returns to the retracted position. Control the tool holder to retract from the hole to be machined while it is rotating.

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