Modular workpiece locking fixture

Abstract

The application discloses a modular workpiece locking positioning device, and relates to the technical field of machining clamps, comprising a rack, a driving mechanism, a first mounting plate, a second mounting plate, a fixed plate, two locking discs, a locking assembly and two sets of clamping mechanisms. The driving mechanism comprises a driving motor and a transmission, the first mounting plate is fixed to the output end of the transmission, and the second mounting plate is rotationally mounted on the rack and coaxially arranged opposite to the first mounting plate. The fixed plate is fixedly connected with the two locking discs at both ends, and the locking discs are rotationally mounted on the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate respectively; the locking assembly is arranged on the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate and is used for selectively pressing the locking discs. The application realizes quick adjustment of clamping width through the modular clamping assembly and the tooth-shaped meshing structure, the fixed plate can clamp workpieces on both sides, the locking assembly can be controlled to flip as required, and the machining flexibility and the model changing efficiency are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining fixture technology, and in particular to a modular workpiece locking and positioning device. Background Technology

[0002] Machining is an indispensable core process in modern manufacturing. Milling machines, lathes, grinding machines, and other machining equipment enable efficient and high-precision cutting and shaping of metal parts. During machining, significant cutting forces and friction are generated between the cutting tool and the workpiece. If the workpiece is not securely and reliably fixed, it is prone to slippage, displacement, or even dislodgement. This not only compromises machining accuracy and renders the workpiece unusable but can also lead to safety accidents. Therefore, before machining begins, it is essential to use specialized fixtures to stably and reliably position and clamp the workpiece.

[0003] Depending on the material, shape, and processing requirements of the parts to be processed, machining fixtures come in various structural forms and clamping principles. For ferromagnetic workpieces, such as steel and cast iron, magnetic processing tables are typically used for fixation. Electromagnetic or permanent magnet forces are used to attract the workpiece to the table surface, making clamping convenient. However, this method is completely ineffective for non-magnetic materials. For non-magnetic workpieces such as aluminum alloys, copper alloys, and engineering plastics, mechanical friction clamping is still required for fixation. Clamping force is usually applied through bolts, pressure plates, vises, or other mechanisms to generate sufficient static friction between the workpiece and the fixture's supporting surface to resist cutting loads.

[0004] In actual production, machining tasks often require frequent switching between different types and specifications of parts. Conventional machining equipment is usually equipped with dedicated fixtures designed for specific workpieces. When the workpiece changes, it is often necessary to disassemble the original fixture and then reinstall and align a completely different set of fixtures of different sizes and types. This disassembly and installation process is extremely cumbersome, involving a large number of bolts, position calibration, and clamping force adjustment. It is not only labor-intensive but also time-consuming, severely restricting equipment utilization and production flexibility. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a workpiece positioning device that can quickly adapt to various workpieces, rapidly switch clamping postures, and has high modularity, in order to significantly shorten auxiliary time and improve machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: a modular workpiece locking and positioning device, comprising a frame; a drive mechanism mounted on the frame, the drive mechanism including a drive motor and a gearbox connected to the drive motor; a first mounting plate fixedly connected to the output end of the gearbox; a second mounting plate rotatably mounted on the frame, the second mounting plate being coaxially opposite to the first mounting plate; a fixing plate disposed between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate; and two locking discs rotatably mounted on the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate respectively, the rotation axes of the two locking discs being related to the rotation of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate. The axes are collinear, and both ends of the fixing plate are respectively fixedly connected to the two locking discs; locking assemblies are disposed on the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, each set of locking assemblies includes a driving cylinder and a locking block fixed to the output end of the driving cylinder, the cylinder body of the driving cylinder is fixedly mounted on the corresponding first mounting plate or the second mounting plate, and the locking block is used to press the locking discs at appropriate times; two sets of clamping mechanisms are respectively fixedly mounted on two opposing surfaces of the fixing plate, each set of clamping mechanisms includes an assembly plate and multiple sets of clamping assemblies disposed on the assembly plate; the surface of the assembly plate has regularly arranged toothed structures.

[0006] The aforementioned modular workpiece locking and positioning device includes a reference block, a movable block, an adjusting block, and an adjusting screw in each clamping assembly. The reference block is engaged and fixed with the toothed structure of the assembly plate via a toothed structure, and its fixed position can be adjusted along the toothed direction. The reference block and the movable block are spaced apart, and each of the opposing sides of the reference block and the movable block is provided with a guide slope, forming a wedge-shaped space that gradually narrows from the outside to the inside. The adjusting block is disposed within the wedge-shaped space, and the two inclined surfaces of the adjusting block respectively match the guide slopes of the reference block and the movable block. The adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the adjusting block, and the adjusting screw is threadedly engaged with a threaded block disposed on the assembly plate.

[0007] The modular workpiece locking and positioning device described above includes two sets of locking components in each of the fixing mechanisms, with the two sets of locking components distributed opposite each other in the circumferential direction of the locking disc.

[0008] The modular workpiece locking and positioning device described above includes two sliding columns fixedly installed on the adjusting block in each clamping assembly. The axes of the two sliding columns are parallel to the moving direction of the movable block. A return spring is sleeved on each sliding column. One end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the reference block, and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the movable block.

[0009] In the aforementioned modular workpiece locking and positioning device, multiple clamping components in each clamping mechanism are arranged side by side along a straight line. In two adjacent clamping components, the gap between the movable block of one clamping component and the reference block of the other clamping component constitutes the clamping position of the workpiece.

[0010] In the aforementioned modular workpiece locking and positioning device, a support plate is fixedly installed on the frame, and the second mounting plate is rotatably mounted on the support plate via bearings.

[0011] In the aforementioned modular workpiece locking and positioning device, the assembly plate is fixedly mounted on the corresponding surface of the fixing plate by bolts.

[0012] In the aforementioned modular workpiece locking and positioning device, the cross-sectional shape of the adjusting block is trapezoidal.

[0013] In the aforementioned modular workpiece locking and positioning device, the toothed structure on the reference block perfectly matches the shape of the toothed structure on the assembly plate.

[0014] In the aforementioned modular workpiece locking and positioning device, when the adjusting screw is screwed in, it causes the adjusting block to wedge between the reference block and the movable block, forcing the movable block to translate and advance away from the reference block.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Utilizing modular clamping components and anti-slip tooth meshing structure on the assembly plate, the clamping width can be quickly adjusted to adapt to non-magnetic workpieces of different sizes, eliminating the need to replace the entire fixture and significantly reducing changeover time.

[0016] 2. The fixed plate is equipped with clamping mechanisms on both sides, so that the workpiece can be processed on multiple sides in one clamping, avoiding repeated disassembly and alignment.

[0017] 3. The fixing mechanism achieves clutch control between the drive mechanism and the fixing plate through timed locking, ensuring that the fixing plate is driven to rotate only when it needs to be flipped, and remains reliably stationary during processing without affecting the processing rigidity.

[0018] 4. The wedge-shaped adjusting block works in conjunction with the return spring to achieve quick clamping and automatic reset, making operation convenient.

[0019] 5. The overall structure is compact, easy to operate, and highly versatile, effectively improving the flexibility and processing efficiency of machining equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a partial view of the present application, mainly showing the mounting plate and the fixing plate; Figure 3 This is a partial view of the present application, mainly showing the clamping components; Figure 4 This is a partial view of this application, mainly showing the locking components.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 11. Support plate; 12. Second mounting plate; 13. First mounting plate; 14. Fixing plate; 21. Locking disc; 22. Drive cylinder; 23. Locking block; 31. Assembly plate; 311. Anti-slip teeth; 32. Reference block; 33. Guide slope; 34. Movable block; 35. Adjusting block; 36. Adjusting screw; 37. Sliding column. Detailed Implementation

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms center, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, thickness, front, back, left, right, upper, lower, axial, radial, vertical, horizontal, inner, and outer, indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, the terms first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as first or second may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] This solution provides a modular workpiece locking and positioning device, referring to... Figure 1 Through modular component design, double-sided clamping layout, and a time-selectable locking flip drive structure, the device enables rapid clamping and posture changes for workpieces of different specifications. The device includes a drive mechanism, a fixing plate 14, a clamping mechanism, and a fixing mechanism.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The drive mechanism, serving as the power source for the tilting action, includes a drive motor and a gearbox connected to the drive motor. A first mounting plate 13 is fixedly mounted at the output end of the gearbox, and the first mounting plate 13 is driven by the drive mechanism to perform rotational motion. The device also includes a frame 1, on which a support plate 11 is fixedly mounted, and a second mounting plate 12 is rotatably mounted on the support plate 11 via bearings or other rotating connecting parts. The first mounting plate 13 and the second mounting plate 12 are arranged coaxially opposite each other, located on the outer ends of the fixed plate 14 respectively, together forming the tilting support base of the fixed plate 14.

[0025] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3Each of the first mounting plate 13 and the second mounting plate 12 is provided with a set of fixing mechanisms. The two sets of fixing mechanisms are structurally identical. A detailed description will be given using one set as an example. The fixing mechanism includes a locking disc 21 and at least one set of locking components. The two locking discs 21 of the two fixing mechanisms are rotatably mounted on the first mounting plate 13 and the second mounting plate 12, respectively, with their rotation axes collinear with the rotation axes of the first mounting plate 13 and the second mounting plate 12. Both ends of the fixing plate 14 are fixedly connected to the two locking discs 21, thereby allowing the fixing plate 14 to rotate freely relative to the first mounting plate 13 and the second mounting plate 12 around the same axis. The locking disc 21 and the first mounting plate 13, and the locking disc 21 and the second mounting plate 12, are in a rotational engagement relationship. That is, when the first mounting plate 13 and the second mounting plate 12 rotate under the drive mechanism, if the locking components do not move, the locking disc 21 and the fixed plate 14 connected to it do not rotate with it; they are in a relative rotational state.

[0026] The drive mechanism drives the first mounting plate 13 to rotate. The first mounting plate 13 and the second mounting plate 12 are connected to or disconnected from the fixed plate 14 at appropriate times through the fixing mechanism, thereby realizing the controllable transmission of driving torque and causing the fixed plate 14 to rotate around a horizontal or specific axis.

[0027] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 The locking assembly is used to lock the locking disc 21 at appropriate times. The locking assembly includes a drive cylinder 22 and a locking block 23, with the locking block 23 fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the drive cylinder 22. The cylinder body of the drive cylinder 22 is fixedly mounted on the corresponding first mounting plate 13 or second mounting plate 12 and rotates synchronously with the mounting plate. Each set of fixing mechanisms is provided with two sets of locking assemblies, which are preferably distributed opposite each other in the circumferential direction of the locking disc 21 to provide a balanced locking force. When the drive cylinder 22 pushes the locking block 23 against the locking disc 21 and locks it, the locking disc 21 is relatively fixed to the corresponding mounting plate. The rotational movement of the mounting plate is transmitted to the fixing plate 14 through the locking disc 21, causing the fixing plate 14 to rotate accordingly, thus completing the flipping or angle adjustment of the workpiece. When the drive cylinder 22 retracts and the locking block 23 disengages from the locking plate 21, the lock is released, the locking plate 21 returns to its free rotational state with the mounting plate, and the fixing plate 14 stops moving.

[0028] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 Two sets of clamping mechanisms are fixedly installed on the fixed plate 14. The two sets of clamping mechanisms are respectively set on two opposing surfaces of the fixed plate 14, so that workpieces can be clamped on both sides of the fixed plate 14, realizing multi-face processing in one clamping.

[0029] Each clamping mechanism includes an assembly plate 31, which is fixedly mounted on the corresponding surface of the fixing plate 14 by bolts or other means. The surface of the assembly plate 31 has a regularly arranged toothed structure to form anti-slip teeth 311, which increases the friction coefficient of the mating surface and provides precise position engagement and positioning.

[0030] The assembly plate 31 is provided with multiple sets of clamping components arranged side by side along a certain direction. Each set of clamping components includes a reference block 32, a movable block 34, and an adjusting block 35. The reference block 32 is fixedly installed on the assembly plate 31, and its side facing the assembly plate 31 has a toothed structure that perfectly matches the shape of the anti-slip teeth 311 on the assembly plate 31. The two are fixed by toothed engagement, and can be adjusted along the tooth direction in the loose state and then engaged and locked again, thereby realizing flexible setting of the reference position. The reference block 32 and the movable block 34 are spaced apart along the clamping direction, and both of them have inclined planes on their facing sides to form guide slopes 33. The two guide slopes 33 form a wedge-shaped space that gradually narrows from the outside to the inside. The adjusting block 35 is set in this wedge-shaped space, that is, between the reference block 32 and the movable block 34. The cross-sectional shape of the adjusting block 35 is set as trapezoidal, and its two inclined surfaces match the guide slopes 33 of the reference block 32 and the movable block 34 respectively, forming a wedge sliding fit. An adjusting screw 36 is fixedly connected to the adjusting block 35, and a threaded block is fixed at a corresponding position on the mounting plate 31. The threaded block has a threaded hole that mates with the adjusting screw 36. When the adjusting screw 36 is rotated to screw it in and tighten it, the adjusting screw 36 drives the adjusting block 35 to wedge along the guide slope 33 toward the space between the reference block 32 and the movable block 34. The wedge action generated by the trapezoidal cross section of the adjusting block 35 forces the movable block 34 to translate and advance away from the reference block 32.

[0031] Next, we will describe the reset and movement structure of the movable block 34. This structure specifically includes two sliding pillars 37 fixedly mounted on the adjusting block 35, with the axes of both pillars 37 parallel to the movement direction of the movable block 34. Each sliding pillar 37 is fitted with a reset spring, which is a tension spring. One end of the reset spring is fixedly connected to the reference block 32, and the other end is fixedly connected to the movable block 34. When the adjusting screw 36 is loosened, the wedging force of the adjusting block 35 is removed, and the reset spring, under tension, pulls the movable block 34 towards the reference block 32, resetting and sliding it back to its original position, thus releasing the workpiece.

[0032] Since the multiple clamping assemblies on the assembly plate 31 are arranged adjacently and sequentially, the gap between the movable block 34 in each clamping assembly and the reference block 32 in the adjacent clamping assembly constitutes the clamping position of the workpiece. When each adjusting screw 36 is tightened, each movable block 34 moves forward, pressing the workpiece against the side of the adjacent reference block 32 behind it, thereby achieving a firm lock on the workpiece by relying on the clamping force between the end face of the movable block 34 and the end face of the reference block 32. Adjacent clamping assemblies serve as references and force application points for each other, forming a continuous and adjustable clamping array that can accommodate workpieces of different widths.

[0033] With the above structure, during operation, the device first adjusts the fixed positions of each reference block 32 on the anti-slip teeth 311 of the assembly plate 31 according to the workpiece contour. Then, the workpiece is placed between the corresponding movable block 34 and the reference block 32. Tightening the adjusting screw 36 pushes the wedge-shaped adjusting block 35 forward, and under the action of the guide inclined surface 33, it pushes the movable block 34 outward. The movable block 34 presses the workpiece against the adjacent reference block 32, achieving the clamping purpose. During processing, if the other side of the workpiece needs to be processed, the drive cylinder 22 is activated, causing the locking block 23 to lock the locking plate 21. Then, the drive motor rotates, and through the gearbox, the first mounting plate 13, and the locked locking plate 21, it drives the fixed plate 14 and the workpiece to rotate at a certain angle. After rotating to the correct position, the drive cylinder 22 retracts to release the lock, and the fixed plate 14 maintains the new posture for continued processing. When the workpiece needs to be disassembled, simply loosening the adjusting screw 36 will cause the return spring to pull the movable block 34 to automatically reset, releasing the workpiece. The operation is extremely convenient.

[0034] The implementation principle of this application is as follows: First, the fixed positions of each clamping component on the assembly plate 31 are adjusted according to the contour dimensions of the workpiece to be processed. Since the surface of the assembly plate 31 has a regularly arranged toothed structure, the reference block 32 is fixed by engaging with its matching toothed structure, and can move along the toothed direction and be re-locked, thereby achieving rapid and precise adjustment of the clamping width without the need to replace any clamping components.

[0035] Next, place the workpiece in the clamping position between adjacent clamping assemblies, specifically within the gap between the movable block 34 of one clamping assembly and the reference block 32 of another clamping assembly. Tighten the adjusting screw 36. The adjusting screw 36 pushes the adjusting block 35 along the guide slope 33, wedging it between the reference block 32 and the movable block 34. The trapezoidal cross-section of the adjusting block 35 forces the movable block 34 to translate and advance away from the reference block 32, thereby pressing the workpiece firmly against the side of the adjacent reference block 32, achieving a secure lock. When it is necessary to release the workpiece, loosen the adjusting screw 36 in the opposite direction. The return spring pulls the movable block 34 to automatically return to its original position, allowing the workpiece to be quickly removed.

[0036] During processing, if the other side of the workpiece needs to be processed, the drive cylinder 22 in the locking assembly is activated. The drive cylinder 22 pushes the locking block 23 to press against the locking disc 21, fixing the locking disc 21 relative to the corresponding first mounting plate 13 or second mounting plate 12. Subsequently, the drive motor drives the first mounting plate 13 to rotate via the gearbox. Since the locking disc 21 is locked, the rotational torque is transmitted to the fixed plate 14 through the locking disc 21, thereby causing the fixed plate 14 and its two clamping mechanisms and the workpiece to rotate around the axis. After rotating to the required angle, the drive cylinder 22 retracts, the locking block 23 disengages from the locking disc 21, the locking disc 21 returns to its free rotational state with the mounting plate, and the fixed plate 14 remains stable in the new posture, allowing processing to continue.

[0037] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A modular workpiece locking and positioning device, characterized in that, Includes rack (1); A drive mechanism is mounted on the frame (1), and the drive mechanism includes a drive motor and a gearbox that is connected to the drive motor. The first mounting plate (13) is fixedly connected to the output end of the transmission; The second mounting plate (12) is rotatably mounted on the frame (1), and the second mounting plate (12) and the first mounting plate (13) are coaxially opposite to each other; A fixing plate (14) is disposed between the first mounting plate (13) and the second mounting plate (12); Two locking discs (21) are rotatably mounted on the first mounting plate (13) and the second mounting plate (12), respectively. The rotation axes of the two locking discs (21) are collinear with the rotation axes of the first mounting plate (13) and the second mounting plate (12). The two ends of the fixing plate (14) are fixedly connected to the two locking discs (21), respectively. The locking assembly is disposed on the first mounting plate (13) and the second mounting plate (12). Each locking assembly includes a drive cylinder (22) and a locking block (23) fixed to the output end of the drive cylinder (22). The cylinder body of the drive cylinder (22) is fixedly mounted on the corresponding first mounting plate (13) or second mounting plate (12). The locking block (23) is used to press the locking disc (21) at appropriate times. Two sets of clamping mechanisms are respectively fixedly installed on two opposing surfaces of the fixing plate (14). Each set of clamping mechanisms includes an assembly plate (31) and multiple sets of clamping components disposed on the assembly plate (31). The surface of the assembly plate (31) is provided with regularly arranged toothed structures.

2. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each clamping assembly includes a reference block (32), a movable block (34), an adjusting block (35), and an adjusting screw (36). The reference block (32) is engaged and fixed with the toothed structure of the assembly plate (31) through a toothed structure, and its fixed position can be adjusted along the toothed direction. The reference block (32) and the movable block (34) are spaced apart. The opposing sides of the reference block (32) and the movable block (34) are provided with guide slopes (33), and the two guide slopes (33) form a wedge-shaped space that gradually narrows from the outside to the inside. The adjusting block (35) is disposed in the wedge-shaped space, and the two side slopes of the adjusting block (35) are respectively matched with the guide slopes (33) of the reference block (32) and the guide slopes (33) of the movable block (34). The adjusting screw (36) is fixedly connected to the adjusting block (35), and the adjusting screw (36) is threadedly engaged with the threaded block disposed on the assembly plate (31).

3. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the fixing mechanisms is provided with two sets of locking components, which are distributed opposite each other in the circumferential direction of the locking disc (21).

4. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each clamping assembly further includes two sliding columns (37) fixedly installed on the adjusting block (35). The axes of the two sliding columns (37) are parallel to the moving direction of the movable block (34). Each sliding column (37) is fitted with a return spring. One end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the reference block (32), and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the movable block (34).

5. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, In each clamping mechanism, multiple clamping components are arranged side by side along a straight line. In two adjacent clamping components, the gap between the movable block (34) of one clamping component and the reference block (32) of the other clamping component constitutes the clamping position of the workpiece.

6. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support plate (11) is fixedly installed on the frame (1), and the second mounting plate (12) is rotatably mounted on the support plate (11) via a bearing.

7. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The assembly plate (31) is fixedly mounted on the corresponding surface of the fixing plate (14) by bolts.

8. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the adjustment block (35) is trapezoidal.

9. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The toothed structure on the reference block (32) is perfectly matched in shape with the toothed structure on the assembly plate (31).

10. The modular workpiece locking and positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the clamping assembly, when the adjusting screw (36) is screwed in, it causes the adjusting block (35) to wedge between the reference block (32) and the movable block (34), forcing the movable block (34) to move and advance in a direction away from the reference block (32).

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