A slant bed numerical control lathe with a guide rail cover chip removal and cleaning mechanism

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of numerical control lathe, in particular to a slant bed numerical control lathe with guide rail cover chip removal and cleaning mechanism, which comprises a base and a saddle arranged on the base, guide rail covers are arranged on both sides of the saddle, the guide rail covers cover above the screw rod and are unfolded or folded during the reciprocating movement of the saddle, the lathe further comprises a chip removal and cleaning mechanism arranged at the bottom of the saddle, the chip removal and cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning sleeve rotatably arranged at the bottom of the saddle, the cleaning sleeve is hollow inside and has two open ends. On the basis of retaining the physical isolation function of the guide rail cover, the chip removal and cleaning mechanism is additionally arranged to be linked with the saddle, the cleaning sleeve is driven to rotate by the reciprocating movement of the lathe itself, the annular brush realizes online automatic cleaning of the surface of the screw rod, at the same time, the adhering matters brushed off are timely sucked away and collected by the negative pressure chip removal mechanism, and secondary pollution is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC lathe technology, and in particular to a slant bed CNC lathe with a guide rail guard chip removal and cleaning mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] The Z-axis ball screw of a slant bed CNC lathe is the core transmission component driving the reciprocating motion of the saddle, and its motion accuracy directly affects the machining quality of the workpiece. To prevent metal chips and cutting fluid generated during machining from splashing onto the screw surface and causing wear, existing lathes usually have guide rail guards on both sides of the saddle. The screw is physically isolated by unfolding and folding the guards, which is currently the most common protection method.

[0003] However, the guide rail cover is a telescopic structure made of multiple layers of steel plates or telescopic joint plates stacked together. To meet the relative sliding requirements, there are unavoidable clearances between the sections. During long-term use, fine iron filings and cutting fluid generated during machining can penetrate into the cover through these clearances, mixing to form a viscous sludge that adheres to the lead screw surface. These deposits, along with the reciprocating motion of the lead screw and nut, cause abrasive wear within the raceway, leading to decreased lead screw accuracy and shortened lifespan. Furthermore, current technology lacks a device for automatically cleaning the lead screw inside the cover during lathe operation. Operators must periodically stop the machine and remove the cover for manual cleaning, which is inefficient and untimely. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a slant bed CNC lathe with a guide rail cover chip removal and cleaning mechanism, so as to realize online automatic cleaning of the lead screw surface inside the cover while retaining the physical isolation function of the guide rail cover.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a slant bed CNC lathe with a guide rail guard chip removal and cleaning mechanism, comprising:

[0006] The base and the saddle set on the base, the saddle is provided with guide rail covers on both sides, the guide rail covers cover the lead screw and unfold or fold during the reciprocating motion of the saddle;

[0007] The lathe also includes a chip removal and cleaning mechanism disposed at the bottom of the saddle, the chip removal and cleaning mechanism comprising:

[0008] A cleaning sleeve is rotatably installed at the bottom of the saddle. The cleaning sleeve is hollow inside and open at both ends. The inner wall of the cleaning sleeve is provided with an annular brush, and the annular brush radially abuts against the surface of the lead screw passing through the cleaning sleeve.

[0009] A drive mechanism is used to drive the cleaning sleeve to rotate by the reciprocating sliding of the saddle relative to the base, so that the annular brush rotates and cleans the adhering substances on the surface of the lead screw while reciprocating linearly.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide rail cover is a steel plate cover.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning sleeve is fixedly provided with end sleeves at both ends, and the end sleeves are rotatably engaged with the sleeve bearing seat provided at the bottom of the saddle.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the cleaning sleeve is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the maximum cross-section of the lead screw, and the annular brushes are arranged in an annular array with intervals about the rotation axis of the cleaning sleeve.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes:

[0014] Rotate the first rotating shaft located at the bottom of the saddle;

[0015] A drive gear fixedly connected to the upper end of the first rotating shaft;

[0016] A rack is fixedly mounted on the base, and the rack meshes with a drive gear. A first driven bevel gear is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first rotating shaft. A second driven bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of one of the end sleeves, and the second driven bevel gear meshes with the first driven bevel gear.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning sleeve is further provided with a negative pressure chip removal mechanism, which is used to suck in and collect the adhering material cleaned off by the annular brush.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative pressure chip removal mechanism includes:

[0019] A dust collection chamber is formed in the hollow part of the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve;

[0020] A negative pressure suction nozzle is disposed on the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve and connected to the dust collection chamber;

[0021] A negative pressure generating component used to generate negative pressure at the negative pressure nozzle.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the negative pressure generating component includes:

[0023] A negative pressure cover is fixedly installed at the bottom of the bed saddle. The negative pressure cover has a rotating groove that fits the outer circumferential surface of the cleaning sleeve. The negative pressure cover has an accommodating chamber inside. At least two feed ports are opened on the inner wall of the rotating groove. The outer circumferential surface of the cleaning sleeve has a discharge port that communicates with the dust collection chamber. The feed ports and discharge ports can be partially connected at any angle.

[0024] A plunger pump structure includes a plunger cylinder and a plunger disposed therein. The plunger cylinder has an air inlet and an air outlet. Both the air inlet and the air outlet are equipped with a one-way valve. The air inlet is connected to a receiving chamber through an air inlet pipe. A filter screen is provided at the inlet of the air inlet pipe.

[0025] A crank-rocker mechanism is used to drive the plunger to reciprocate. The crank-rocker mechanism includes a second rotating shaft rotatably disposed at the bottom of the negative pressure cover. A third driven bevel gear is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second rotating shaft. The third driven bevel gear meshes with the second driven bevel gear. A crank is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second rotating shaft. A rocker arm is movably hinged to one end of the crank arm. One end of the rocker arm is movably hinged to the plunger.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the dust collection chamber is provided with guide plates at intervals, and the guide plates are arranged in a spiral shape.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the negative pressure cover is provided with a pull-out groove, and a storage drawer is detachably provided in the pull-out groove. The upper opening of the pull-out groove is used to receive debris falling into the accommodating chamber.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By retaining the physical isolation function of the guide rail cover, a chip removal and cleaning mechanism linked with the saddle is added. The reciprocating motion of the machine tool itself drives the cleaning sleeve to rotate, so that the annular brush can automatically clean the surface of the lead screw online. This effectively solves the problem of oil and sludge accumulating on the lead screw inside the cover due to the intrusion of fine iron filings. At the same time, the negative pressure chip removal mechanism promptly sucks away and collects the adhering material brushed off, avoiding secondary pollution and achieving continuous cleaning of the lead screw surface, thus reducing the frequency of downtime maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rear end of the base of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the front end of the base of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base, Z-axis ball screw, saddle, Z-axis screw nut, Z-axis screw bearing seat, Z-axis servo motor and mounting bracket of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting bracket, sleeve bearing seat, negative pressure cover, second driven bevel gear, plunger cylinder, air inlet, air inlet pipe, exhaust port, exhaust pipe, annular hollow pipe and backflush nozzle of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a bottom-view perspective view of the mounting bracket, sleeve bearing seat, negative pressure cover, first driven bevel gear, rack, second driven bevel gear, plunger cylinder, air intake pipe, third driven bevel gear, crank, and rocker arm of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a partial sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the mounting bracket, cleaning sleeve, annular brush, negative pressure suction nozzle, first rotating shaft, drive gear, rack, first driven bevel gear, second driven bevel gear, end sleeve, and sleeve bearing seat of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the third driven bevel gear, second rotating shaft, connecting frame, crank, rocker, plunger, plunger cylinder, air inlet, exhaust outlet, exhaust pipe, annular hollow pipe and backflush nozzle of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the negative pressure cover, cleaning sleeve, and end sleeve of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the annular hollow tube and the backflush nozzle of the present invention.

[0042] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Base; 2. Chip collection funnel; 3. Chip collection box; 4. Z-axis ball screw; 5. Saddle; 6. Z-axis screw nut; 7. Z-axis screw bearing housing; 8. Z-axis servo motor; 9. Mounting bracket; 10. Cleaning sleeve; 11. End sleeve; 12. Sleeve bearing housing; 13. Annular brush; 14. First driven bevel gear; 15. Second driven bevel gear; 16. First rotating shaft; 17. Drive gear; 18. Rack; 19. Dust collection chamber; 20. Negative... 21. Suction nozzle; 22. Negative pressure hood; 23. Receiving chamber; 24. Feed inlet; 25. Storage drawer; 26. Third driven bevel gear; 27. Second rotating shaft; 28. Connecting frame; 29. ​​Crank; 30. Rocker arm; 31. Plunger; 32. Plunger cylinder; 33. Fixing frame; 34. Air inlet; 35. Exhaust port; 36. Air inlet pipe; 37. Quick connector; 38. Exhaust pipe; 39. Annular hollow pipe; 40. Backflush nozzle; 41. Guide rail cover; 42. Deflector plate. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0045] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 The present invention provides a slant bed CNC lathe with a guide rail guard chip removal and cleaning mechanism, including a base 1 and a saddle 5 disposed on the base 1.

[0046] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5In this embodiment, the base 1 is the basic support component of the slant bed CNC lathe, and its overall structure is slanted. The slant angle of the bed is preferably 30 degrees to 75 degrees, and more preferably 45 degrees. A Z-axis ball screw 4 is arranged on the base 1 along its length direction. The two ends of the Z-axis ball screw 4 are rotatably supported on the base 1 through Z-axis ball screw bearing seats 7. Specifically, two Z-axis ball screw bearing seats 7 are fixedly arranged at both ends of the length direction of the base 1, and the two ends of the Z-axis ball screw 4 are rotatably engaged with the bearings in the Z-axis ball screw bearing seats 7. A Z-axis servo motor 8 is fixedly arranged on one of the Z-axis ball screw bearing seats 7. The output shaft of the Z-axis servo motor 8 is connected to the Z-axis ball screw 4 through a coupling to drive the Z-axis ball screw 4 to rotate forward or backward.

[0047] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, a slider guide pair is also fixedly installed on the base 1. The saddle 5 is slidably installed on the base 1 through the cooperation of the slider guide pair, and the sliding direction of the saddle 5 is parallel to the length direction of the Z-axis ball screw 4. A Z-axis screw nut 6 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the saddle 5, and the Z-axis screw nut 6 is threadedly engaged with the Z-axis ball screw 4. When the Z-axis servo motor 8 drives the Z-axis ball screw 4 to rotate, the rotational motion is converted into linear motion through the Z-axis screw nut 6, thereby driving the saddle 5 to reciprocate along the Z-axis direction.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, guide rail covers 40 are provided on both sides of the saddle 5. Preferably, the guide rail covers 40 are steel plate covers, which are made of multiple layers of stainless steel plates or cold-rolled steel plates stacked together. The layers of steel plates are connected to each other by plugging and can slide relative to each other. The guide rail covers 40 cover the top and sides of the Z-axis ball screw 4 and are used to unfold or fold during the reciprocating motion of the saddle 5, physically isolating the Z-axis ball screw 4 from contaminants such as iron filings and cutting fluid in the lathe machining area, and preventing the screw from being directly exposed to the harsh machining environment. When the saddle 5 moves along the Z-axis in the forward direction, the guide rail cover 40 on the forward side of the saddle 5 is compressed and folded, and the guide rail cover 40 on the reverse side of the saddle 5 is stretched and unfolded; when the saddle 5 moves along the Z-axis in the reverse direction, the motion states of the two are reversed, that is, the guide rail cover 40 on the forward side is unfolded, and the guide rail cover 40 on the reverse side is folded. With the coordinated unfolding or folding of the two guide rail covers 40, the Z-axis ball screw 4 is always covered by the guide rail covers 40, no matter where the saddle 5 moves.

[0049] Continue to refer to Figure 2In this embodiment, a chip collection funnel 2 is also provided on the base 1. The chip collection funnel 2 is located below the machining area of ​​the lathe and has a conical structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. It is used to collect large chips and debris generated during the cutting process of the workpiece. A chip collection box 3 is provided below the chip collection funnel 2. The upper opening of the chip collection box 3 is directly opposite the bottom outlet of the chip collection funnel 2. It is used to receive and temporarily store the chips falling from the chip collection funnel 2 so that the operator can clean it regularly.

[0050] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, a chip removal and cleaning mechanism is also provided at the bottom of the saddle 5. The chip removal and cleaning mechanism moves synchronously with the saddle 5 and is used to automatically clean iron filings, sludge, and other deposits on the surface of the Z-axis ball screw 4 during the reciprocating motion of the saddle 5.

[0051] Specifically, refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the chip removal and cleaning mechanism includes a mounting frame 9 fixedly installed at the bottom of the saddle 5. The mounting frame 9 is a plate-shaped or frame-type structure, which is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the saddle 5 by bolts or welding, and moves integrally with the saddle 5. A cleaning sleeve 10 is rotatably connected to the mounting frame 9.

[0052] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the cleaning sleeve 10 is a hollow cylindrical structure with its axial direction parallel to the length direction of the Z-axis ball screw 4, and both ends of the cleaning sleeve 10 are open. The Z-axis ball screw 4 passes through the internal cavity of the cleaning sleeve 10 axially. The inner diameter of the cleaning sleeve 10 is larger than the maximum cross-sectional outer diameter of the Z-axis ball screw 4, thereby ensuring that the Z-axis ball screw 4 can pass through the cleaning sleeve 10 without interference, and that the cleaning sleeve 10 will not rigidly collide with the screw surface when it rotates. Preferably, the inner diameter of the cleaning sleeve 10 is 2 to 10 mm larger than the maximum cross-sectional outer diameter of the Z-axis ball screw 4, to ensure that there is an appropriate gap between the cleaning sleeve 10 and the screw surface for the arrangement of the annular brush 13.

[0053] Continue to refer to Figure 6 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, end sleeves 11 are fixedly provided at both ends of the cleaning sleeve 10. The end sleeves 11 are coaxially and fixedly connected to the cleaning sleeve 10, and the two can be fixed by welding, integral molding or threaded connection. The end sleeves 11 are rotatably disposed in the sleeve bearing seat 12, which is fixedly installed on the mounting frame 9 and has a rolling bearing inside. The end sleeves 11 are rotatably engaged with the sleeve bearing seat 12 through the rolling bearing, so that the entire cleaning sleeve 10 can rotate freely relative to the mounting frame 9.

[0054] Reference Figure 8, Figure 10 and Figure 11 In this embodiment, an annular brush 13 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve 10. The annular brush 13 is arranged in a ring array with intervals about the rotation axis of the cleaning sleeve 10, that is, the annular brush 13 is distributed around the circumference of the cleaning sleeve 10 to form a complete ring of bristles. The bristles are preferably made of nylon, which has a certain toughness and wear resistance, and its hardness is lower than the surface hardness of the Z-axis ball screw 4, so it will not scratch the surface of the screw during the cleaning process. The ends of the bristles of the annular brush 13 extend radially inward and radially abut against the outer circumferential surface of the Z-axis ball screw 4. The bristles maintain an appropriate contact pressure with the screw surface, which can effectively scrape off the attached substances without excessively abrading the screw surface.

[0055] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the chip removal and cleaning mechanism also includes a drive mechanism for driving the cleaning sleeve 10 to rotate. The drive mechanism uses the reciprocating sliding of the saddle 5 relative to the base 1 as a power source to drive the cleaning sleeve 10 to rotate around its own axis, so that the annular brush 13 performs reciprocating linear motion with the saddle 5 and also rotates around the screw axis to clean the adhering substances on the surface of the Z-axis ball screw 4 by rotating and scraping.

[0056] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the drive mechanism includes a drive gear 17 and a rack 18. The rack 18 is fixedly mounted on the base 1, and its length direction is parallel to the length direction of the Z-axis ball screw 4, and the length of the rack 18 is sufficient to cover the entire length of the Z-axis ball screw 4. Preferably, both ends of the rack 18 are fixed to two Z-axis screw bearing seats 7 respectively to ensure the positional accuracy and installation stability of the rack 18.

[0057] Reference Figure 8 In this embodiment, the drive gear 17 is rotatably mounted on the mounting bracket 9. Specifically, a first rotating shaft 16 is rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 9, and the axial direction of the first rotating shaft 16 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the Z-axis ball screw 4. The drive gear 17 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first rotating shaft 16, and the drive gear 17 meshes with the rack 18.

[0058] When the saddle 5 drives the mounting frame 9 to reciprocate along the Z-axis, the drive gear 17 moves synchronously with the mounting frame 9. Since the rack 18 is fixed to the base 1 and remains stationary, the drive gear 17 meshes with the rack 18 during movement, causing the drive gear 17 to rotate around the axis of the first rotating shaft 16. Thus, the reciprocating linear motion of the saddle 5 is converted into the rotational motion of the first rotating shaft 16 through the gear and rack pair.

[0059] Reference Figure 7and Figure 8 In this embodiment, a first driven bevel gear 14 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first rotating shaft 16. A second driven bevel gear 15 is fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of one of the end sleeves 11, and the second driven bevel gear 15 meshes with the first driven bevel gear 14. The first driven bevel gear 14 and the second driven bevel gear 15 constitute a primary bevel gear transmission pair, used to transmit rotational motion from the first rotating shaft 16 to the end sleeve 11.

[0060] When the first rotating shaft 16 rotates, the first driven bevel gear 14 rotates synchronously with the first rotating shaft 16, and drives the end sleeve 11 to rotate through meshing with the second driven bevel gear 15, thereby driving the cleaning sleeve 10 to rotate as a whole. Through the above transmission chain, the rotational motion of the cleaning sleeve 10 and the reciprocating motion of the saddle 5 are mechanically linked, without the need for an additional power source.

[0061] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 In this embodiment, in order to promptly remove the iron filings, sludge and other attachments that are cleaned off the screw surface by the annular brush 13 and avoid secondary pollution, a negative pressure chip removal mechanism is also provided inside the cleaning sleeve 10 to suck in and collect the attachments cleaned off by the annular brush 13.

[0062] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 10 In this embodiment, the negative pressure chip removal mechanism includes a dust collection chamber 19, a negative pressure suction nozzle 20, and a negative pressure generating assembly. The dust collection chamber 19 is formed in the hollow inner wall of the cleaning sleeve 10; that is, the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve 10 has an annular cavity serving as the dust collection chamber 19, which extends circumferentially and axially along the cleaning sleeve 10. Multiple negative pressure suction nozzles 20 are disposed on the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve 10, spaced apart circumferentially along the cleaning sleeve 10. Their suction inlets face the inner cavity of the cleaning sleeve 10 and are located beside the annular brush 13. The negative pressure suction nozzles 20 communicate with the dust collection chamber 19 and are used to draw dust-laden gas and debris from inside the cleaning sleeve 10 into the dust collection chamber 19.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, the selection of the negative pressure nozzle 20 needs to comprehensively consider the nozzle diameter, arrangement density, and negative pressure requirements. The inlet diameter of the negative pressure nozzle 20 directly affects the suction flow rate and suction speed. If the diameter is too large, the flow rate will be insufficient and it will be difficult to carry debris; if the diameter is too small, it will be prone to clogging and the flow rate will be limited. Preferably, the inlet diameter of the negative pressure nozzle 20 is 4-10 mm, and 4-8 nozzles are evenly arranged along the circumference of the cleaning sleeve 10. The shape of the inlet of the negative pressure nozzle 20 is preferably flat or trumpet-shaped. A flat nozzle can increase the suction speed at the same flow rate and enhance the ability to carry debris on the surface of the lead screw; a trumpet-shaped nozzle can form a larger negative pressure area at the inlet, increasing the suction range. The material of the negative pressure nozzle 20 is preferably wear-resistant engineering plastic or aluminum alloy to ensure its service life under the scouring of dusty airflow. The distance between the suction port of the negative pressure nozzle 20 and the annular brush 13 is preferably 2-5 mm to ensure that the debris brushed off by the annular brush 13 can be captured by the negative pressure nozzle 20 in the shortest path, and to prevent the debris from settling back onto the screw surface.

[0064] The negative pressure generating assembly is used to generate negative pressure at the negative pressure nozzle 20, and includes a negative pressure shroud 21, a plunger pump structure, and a crank rocker mechanism.

[0065] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 In this embodiment, the negative pressure cover 21 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the mounting bracket 9 at the bottom of the bed saddle 5. The negative pressure cover 21 has a rotating groove that fits the outer circumferential surface of the cleaning sleeve 10. The cleaning sleeve 10 passes through the rotating groove, and the inner wall surface of the rotating groove of the negative pressure cover 21 slides in contact with the outer wall surface of the cleaning sleeve 10. The interior of the negative pressure cover 21 is hollow, forming a receiving chamber 22, which is used to receive debris discharged from the dust collection chamber 19.

[0066] Since the accommodating chamber 22 of the negative pressure hood 21 needs to maintain a certain negative pressure state (usually -20kPa to -50kPa) during operation, and the cleaning sleeve 10 rotates continuously during operation, a dynamic sealing structure needs to be set between the inner wall of the rotating groove of the negative pressure hood 21 and the outer wall of the cleaning sleeve 10 to prevent external air from leaking into the accommodating chamber 22 from the gap of the rotating groove, resulting in negative pressure loss.

[0067] Preferably, the dynamic sealing structure includes two sealing rings respectively embedded at both ends of the inner wall of the groove of the negative pressure cover 21. The two sealing rings are arranged axially and spaced apart along the cleaning sleeve 10, and the inner edge of the sealing rings slides and seals against the outer wall of the cleaning sleeve 10. The two sealing rings are located at both ends of the groove mating area between the negative pressure cover 21 and the cleaning sleeve 10, so as to form a sealing barrier at both ends of the groove mating area, isolating the accommodating chamber 22 from the outside atmosphere.

[0068] Because the sealing ring continuously slides in contact with the outer wall of the rotating cleaning sleeve 10 during operation, it must possess excellent wear resistance. The preferred material for the sealing ring is filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyurethane (PU). Filled PTFE has an extremely low coefficient of friction and excellent self-lubricating properties, maintaining a low wear rate under both dry friction and boundary lubrication conditions; polyurethane, on the other hand, has excellent wear resistance and extrusion resistance, making it suitable for sealing applications with high pressure differentials.

[0069] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 10 In this embodiment, the negative pressure hood 21 has at least two inlets 23 on the inner wall of the rotating trough. The outer circumferential surface of the cleaning sleeve 10 has an outlet that communicates with the dust collection chamber 19. The outlet communicates with the internal space of the dust collection chamber 19 and is used to discharge the debris collected in the dust collection chamber 19 into the receiving chamber 22 of the negative pressure hood 21.

[0070] Preferably, to ensure that the discharge port and the inlet 23 remain connected at any rotation angle of the cleaning sleeve 10, the discharge port is preferably an annular groove formed on the outer circumference of the cleaning sleeve 10. This annular groove extends a full circle around the circumference of the cleaning sleeve 10 and remains connected to the dust collection chamber 19. The inlet 23 is positioned directly opposite this annular groove. Thus, regardless of the rotation angle of the cleaning sleeve 10, the inlet 23 at least partially overlaps with the annular groove, thereby ensuring that a communication channel always exists between the dust collection chamber 19 and the receiving chamber 22. Debris can be discharged from the dust collection chamber 19 into the receiving chamber 22 under the combined action of centrifugal force and negative pressure.

[0071] Reference Figure 10 In this embodiment, the bottom of the negative pressure cover 21 is provided with a pull-out groove, and a storage drawer 24 is detachably installed in the pull-out groove. The upper end of the pull-out groove is open and communicates with the bottom of the receiving chamber 22 to receive debris falling into the receiving chamber 22. The storage drawer 24 can be pulled out along the pull-out groove so that the operator can periodically clean the collected debris.

[0072] Reference Figure 9 In this embodiment, the plunger pump structure is used to generate negative pressure in the accommodating chamber 22. The plunger pump structure includes a plunger cylinder 31 and a plunger 30 disposed therein. The plunger cylinder 31 is fixedly mounted to the bottom of the negative pressure cover 21 by a fixing bracket 32. One end of the plunger cylinder 31 is open, and the plunger 30 is inserted into the interior of the plunger cylinder 31 from the open end and can slide back and forth along the axial direction of the plunger cylinder 31. A sealing element is provided between the outer circumferential surface of the plunger 30 and the inner wall surface of the plunger cylinder 31 to ensure the airtightness of the plunger pump during operation.

[0073] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 9In this embodiment, the end of the plunger cylinder 31 furthest from the opening is provided with an air inlet 33 and an exhaust port 34, both of which communicate with the internal chamber of the plunger cylinder 31. One-way valves are provided at both the air inlet 33 and the exhaust port 34. Specifically, the one-way valve at the air inlet 33 only allows external gas to flow into the plunger cylinder 31 in one direction, and the one-way valve at the exhaust port 34 only allows gas inside the plunger cylinder 31 to be discharged to the outside in one direction.

[0074] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the air inlet 33 is connected to the quick connector 36 on the surface of the negative pressure cover 21 via the air inlet pipe 35, and the quick connector 36 is connected to the interior of the accommodating chamber 22. A filter screen is provided at the inlet of the air inlet pipe 35, that is, at the connection between the quick connector 36 and the accommodating chamber 22, to prevent debris from entering the air inlet pipe 35 and the interior of the plunger cylinder 31, thus avoiding blockage.

[0075] When the plunger 30 reciprocates in the plunger cylinder 31, when the plunger 30 moves away from the air inlet 33, the internal chamber volume of the plunger cylinder 31 increases and the pressure decreases. The one-way valve at the air inlet 33 opens, and air is drawn from the accommodating chamber 22 through the air inlet pipe 35, creating a negative pressure in the accommodating chamber 22. When the plunger 30 moves closer to the air inlet 33, the internal chamber volume of the plunger cylinder 31 decreases and the pressure increases. The one-way valve at the air inlet 33 closes, and the one-way valve at the exhaust port 34 opens, allowing the gas inside the plunger cylinder 31 to be discharged through the exhaust port 34.

[0076] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 9 In this embodiment, the crank-rocker mechanism is used to drive the plunger 30 to reciprocate. The crank-rocker mechanism includes a second rotating shaft 26, a third driven bevel gear 25, a crank 28, and a rocker arm 29. The second rotating shaft 26 is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the negative pressure cover 21 via a connecting bracket 27, and its axial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the Z-axis ball screw 4. The upper end of the second rotating shaft 26 is fixedly connected to the third driven bevel gear 25, which meshes with the second driven bevel gear 15. Thus, when the cleaning sleeve 10 rotates, the second driven bevel gear 15 on the end sleeve 11 drives the third driven bevel gear 25 to rotate, thereby transmitting the rotational power to the crank-rocker mechanism through the second rotating shaft 26.

[0077] Reference Figure 9 In this embodiment, a crank 28 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second rotating shaft 26. One end of the crank 28 is movably hinged to one end of the rocker arm 29, and the other end of the rocker arm 29 is movably hinged to one end of the plunger 30. The rotational motion of the second rotating shaft 26 drives the crank 28 to perform circular motion around the axis of the second rotating shaft 26. The crank 28 converts the rotational motion into the reciprocating linear motion of the plunger 30 in the plunger cylinder 31 through the rocker arm 29.

[0078] Through the aforementioned transmission chain, the rotational motion of the cleaning sleeve 10 simultaneously drives the annular brush 13 to rotate and clean the surface of the lead screw, and the plunger pump to generate negative pressure, thus achieving synchronous linkage between cleaning and negative pressure adsorption.

[0079] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 12 In this embodiment, in order to maintain the cleaning effect of the annular brush 13 and avoid the debris between the bristles from causing a decrease in cleaning ability, the lathe is also equipped with a self-cleaning mechanism for back-blowing cleaning of the annular brush 13.

[0080] Reference Figure 9 and Figure 12 In this embodiment, the self-cleaning mechanism includes an annular hollow tube 38, multiple back-blowing nozzles 39, and an exhaust pipe 37. The annular hollow tube 38 is fixedly disposed at the front end of the sleeve bearing seat 12 and is located in front of the end sleeve 11. The annular hollow tube 38 is an annular tubular structure with a hollow interior forming an air cavity, surrounding the outer periphery of the Z-axis ball screw 4.

[0081] Reference Figure 12 In this embodiment, a plurality of back-blowing nozzles 39 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the annular hollow tube 38, and the air outlets of the back-blowing nozzles 39 point to the gap between the annular brush 13 and the Z-axis ball screw 4. One end of the exhaust pipe 37 is connected to the internal air chamber of the annular hollow tube 38, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 37 is connected to the exhaust port 34 of the plunger pump structure.

[0082] When the plunger pump is working, the compressed air discharged from the exhaust port 34 enters the internal air chamber of the annular hollow tube 38 through the exhaust pipe 37, and is then sprayed out through multiple back-blowing nozzles 39 into the gap between the annular brush 13 and the lead screw. The sprayed pulse airflow can blow away the fine debris adhering between the bristles of the annular brush 13, realizing the self-cleaning of the brush; on the other hand, it can also help blow away the floating dust remaining on the surface of the lead screw, improving the overall cleaning effect.

[0083] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 The inner wall of the dust collection chamber 19 is also provided with guide plates 41 at intervals. The guide plates 41 are arranged in a spiral shape on the inner wall surface of the dust collection chamber 19, that is, the guide plates 41 extend spirally along the circumference and axial direction of the dust collection chamber 19.

[0084] When dust-laden gas enters the dust collection chamber 19 from the negative pressure nozzle 20, the gas and debris inside the dust collection chamber 19 rotate at high speed due to the continuous rotation of the cleaning sleeve 10. Guided by the spiral guide plate 41, the dust-laden airflow flows along a spiral path, producing a centrifugal separation effect. Larger iron filings are thrown towards the outer wall of the dust collection chamber 19 under centrifugal force and deposited along the outer wall, eventually being discharged into the receiving chamber 22 of the negative pressure hood 21 through the discharge port and inlet 23. Smaller gas particles continue to circulate from the inner channel of the dust collection chamber 19 through the negative pressure nozzle 20. In this way, the guide plate 41 effectively improves the separation efficiency of debris and gas.

[0085] It should be noted that the chip removal and cleaning mechanism of the present invention is illustrated and described using only the Z-axis ball screw 4 as an example in the above embodiments and accompanying drawings, but this does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that slant bed CNC lathes typically have three screw mechanisms: a Z-axis ball screw 4 arranged along the length of the bed, an X-axis ball screw arranged perpendicular to the Z-axis direction, and a tailstock screw mounted on the tailstock. All three screws face the problem of metal filings and sludge adhesion during operation and require regular cleaning.

[0086] The chip removal and cleaning mechanism of this invention is not limited to the Z-axis ball screw 4; it is equally applicable to the X-axis ball screw and the tailstock screw. The same cleaning function can be achieved simply by mounting the cleaning sleeve 10 onto the corresponding follower component of the respective screw. For example, for the X-axis ball screw, the chip removal and cleaning mechanism can be mounted on the X-axis slide plate; for the tailstock screw, it can be mounted on the tailstock body. Since each screw is a linear motion component, the working conditions and working principle of the chip removal and cleaning mechanism are completely identical, therefore no substantial changes to the structure of the mechanism itself are required.

[0087] The reason why only the embodiment of the chip removal and cleaning mechanism on the Z-axis ball screw 4 is shown in the accompanying drawings is to avoid making the drawings too complicated due to repeated drawing of multiple identical structures, which would affect the understanding of the technical solution itself. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can apply this chip removal and cleaning mechanism to the X-axis ball screw and the tailstock screw without any creative effort, and both are within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A slant bed CNC lathe with a guide rail guard and chip removal mechanism, comprising: The base (1) and the saddle (5) set on the base (1) are provided with guide rail covers (40) on both sides of the saddle (5). The guide rail covers (40) cover the top of the lead screw and unfold or fold during the reciprocating motion of the saddle (5). The lathe is characterized in that it further includes a chip removal and cleaning mechanism disposed at the bottom of the saddle (5), the chip removal and cleaning mechanism comprising: Rotate the cleaning sleeve (10) located at the bottom of the saddle (5). The cleaning sleeve (10) is hollow inside and open at both ends. The inner wall of the cleaning sleeve (10) is provided with an annular brush (13). The annular brush (13) radially abuts against the surface of the lead screw passing through the cleaning sleeve (10). A drive mechanism is used to drive the cleaning sleeve (10) to rotate by the reciprocating sliding of the saddle (5) relative to the base (1), so that the annular brush (13) rotates and cleans the deposits on the screw surface while reciprocating linearly.

2. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The guide rail cover (40) is a steel plate cover.

3. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning sleeve (10) has end sleeves (11) fixedly installed at both ends, and the end sleeves (11) are rotatably engaged with the sleeve bearing seat (12) installed at the bottom of the saddle (5).

4. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the cleaning sleeve (10) is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the maximum cross-section of the lead screw, and the annular brush (13) is arranged in an annular array with intervals about the rotation axis of the cleaning sleeve (10).

5. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes: Rotate the first pivot (16) located at the bottom of the saddle (5); A drive gear (17) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the first rotating shaft (16). A rack (18) is fixedly mounted on the base (1), and the rack (18) meshes with the drive gear (17). A first driven bevel gear (14) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the first rotating shaft (16). A second driven bevel gear (15) is fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surface of one of the end sleeves (11), and the second driven bevel gear (15) meshes with the first driven bevel gear (14).

6. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The cleaning sleeve (10) is also equipped with a negative pressure chip removal mechanism, which is used to suck in and collect the attached material cleaned off by the annular brush (13).

7. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover according to claim 6, characterized in that, The negative pressure chip removal mechanism includes: Dust collection chamber (19) formed in the hollow part of the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve (10); A negative pressure suction nozzle (20) is disposed on the inner wall of the cleaning sleeve (10) and connected to the dust collection chamber (19). A negative pressure generating component for generating negative pressure at the negative pressure nozzle (20).

8. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover according to claim 7, characterized in that, The negative pressure generating component includes: A negative pressure cover (21) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the saddle (5). The negative pressure cover (21) has a rotating groove that is adapted to the outer circumferential surface of the cleaning sleeve (10). The negative pressure cover (21) has a receiving chamber (22) inside. At least two feed ports (23) are opened on the inner wall of the rotating groove. The outer circumferential surface of the cleaning sleeve (10) has a discharge port that communicates with the dust collection chamber (19). The feed ports (23) and the discharge ports can be partially connected at any angle. The plunger pump structure includes a plunger cylinder (31) and a plunger (30) disposed therein. The plunger cylinder (31) has an air inlet (33) and an exhaust port (34). Both the air inlet (33) and the exhaust port (34) are provided with a one-way valve. The air inlet (33) is connected to the accommodating chamber (22) through an air inlet pipe (35). A filter screen is provided at the inlet of the air inlet pipe (35). A crank-rocker mechanism is used to drive the plunger (30) to reciprocate. The crank-rocker mechanism includes a second rotating shaft (26) rotatably disposed at the bottom of the negative pressure cover (21). A third driven bevel gear (25) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the second rotating shaft (26). The third driven bevel gear (25) meshes with the second driven bevel gear (15). A crank (28) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second rotating shaft (26). A rocker arm (29) is movably hinged to one end of the crank (28). One end of the rocker arm (29) is movably hinged to the plunger (30).

9. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner wall of the dust collection chamber (19) is provided with guide plates (41) at intervals, and the guide plates (41) are arranged in a spiral shape.

10. The slant bed CNC lathe with chip removal and cleaning mechanism with guide rail cover according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bottom of the negative pressure cover (21) is provided with a pull-out groove, and a storage drawer (24) is provided in the pull-out groove. The upper opening of the pull-out groove is used to receive debris falling into the accommodating chamber (22).

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