A three-axis milling apparatus

Abstract

The application relates to the field of mechanical processing, in particular to a three-axis milling device which comprises a bearing mechanism, a processing mechanism and a cooling mechanism, the bearing mechanism comprises a base and a protective shell mounted on the base, the base comprises a processing table, the processing table and the internal space of the protective shell form a processing space, the base comprises a temperature sensing part for sensing the temperature in the processing space; the processing mechanism is installed in the processing space and comprises at least one processing seat for bearing a workpiece, a processing assembly for processing the workpiece and a feeding assembly for driving the processing assembly to move along a processing direction; the cooling mechanism comprises a cooling assembly mounted on the processing assembly, an air extraction assembly mounted on the protective shell and communicated with the processing space and a control part electrically connected with the temperature sensing part, the cooling assembly and the air extraction assembly. The application can reduce the temperature in the processing space, maintain a suitable processing environment, simultaneously suck dust and liquid drops, and improve the running stability of the device and the quality of the working environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining, specifically to a three-axis milling machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, the intense friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece during milling continuously generates a large amount of heat. While some of this heat is absorbed by the workpiece and the cutting tool themselves, a significant portion dissipates into the surrounding space, causing the ambient temperature within the cutting space to gradually rise. Especially under continuous operation or batch production conditions, the heat accumulates, and the ambient temperature within the cutting space continues to climb.

[0003] Excessive ambient temperature in the cutting environment can have several adverse effects. Firstly, high temperatures accelerate the aging of electrical components, sensors, seals, and other parts of the equipment, reducing operational stability and lifespan. Secondly, changes in ambient temperature cause thermal expansion of structural components, affecting the fit and precision between parts and consequently reducing cutting accuracy. Furthermore, excessively high ambient temperatures can also affect operator comfort and reduce work efficiency.

[0004] In existing cutting equipment, some solutions employ a continuous supply of cooling medium for heat dissipation, meaning the cooling device remains on throughout the milling process. While this method can achieve some cooling effect, the continuous operation of the cooling device leads to high energy consumption. Furthermore, in the initial stages of cutting or under light-load conditions, the temperature in the cutting area has not yet risen significantly, resulting in unnecessary resource waste from continuous cooling. Additionally, operators cannot accurately assess the current temperature, making timely and precise intervention in cooling difficult, and there is a risk of delayed or insufficient cooling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides a three-axis milling machine.

[0006] The three-axis milling machine provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A three-axis milling machine, comprising:

[0008] The support mechanism includes a base and a protective housing mounted on the base. The base includes a processing table, and the processing table and the internal space of the protective housing form a processing space. The base includes a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature within the processing space.

[0009] A machining mechanism, installed within the machining space, includes at least one machining base for carrying a workpiece, a machining assembly for machining the workpiece, and a feed assembly for driving the machining assembly to move along the machining direction; and

[0010] The cooling mechanism includes a cooling component installed on the processing assembly, an exhaust component installed on the protective housing and communicating with the processing space, and a control component electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the cooling component, and the exhaust component, respectively. The control component is used to control the cooling component and the exhaust component to start when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor reaches a preset threshold.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the temperature sensor senses the temperature in the processing space in real time. When the temperature reaches the preset threshold, the controller controls the cooling component and the exhaust component to start simultaneously. The cooling component directly cools the processing area, and the exhaust component exhausts the hot air in the processing space. The two work together to reduce the temperature in the processing space, so that the processing space is maintained within a suitable temperature range, ensuring processing accuracy and equipment operation stability. The exhaust component can not only remove the hot air in the processing space, but also absorb the dust and droplets generated during processing.

[0012] Preferably, the exhaust assembly includes an exhaust pipe installed on the top of the protective housing and communicating with the processing space, an exhaust element installed in the exhaust pipe, and a filter element installed in the exhaust pipe.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, since dust and droplets will be generated during the workpiece processing and cooling process, which will affect the working environment, the exhaust component can not only extract the hot air in the processing space, but also extract the dust and droplets in the processing space. The filter can intercept the extracted dust and droplets, preventing the dust and droplets from being discharged and polluting the working environment.

[0014] Preferably, the processing mechanism further includes at least one alignment component corresponding to the processing seat. The alignment component includes an alignment guide rail mounted on the processing table surface of the base, and a first telescopic member with one end fixed to the processing seat and the other end fixed to the processing table surface. The processing seat is slidably connected to the alignment guide rail. The telescopic direction of the first telescopic member is the same as the sliding direction of the processing seat. A first drag chain is provided on each side of the alignment guide rail. One end of each first drag chain is fixed to the processing table surface and the other end is fixed to the side wall surface of the processing seat.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the first telescopic component drives the processing seat to slide along the guide rail during the telescopic process, adjusts the position of the processing seat, and thus moves the workpiece to the preset processing location.

[0016] Preferably, the feeding assembly includes a first driving member, a second driving member, two parallel first feeding guide rails, a second feeding guide rail perpendicular to the first feeding guide rails, and a lifting member slidably mounted on the second feeding guide rails. The two ends of the second feeding guide rails are slidably connected to the two first feeding guide rails respectively. The first driving member is used to drive the second feeding guide rails to move along the length direction of the first feeding guide rails. The second driving member is used to drive the lifting member to move along the length direction of the second feeding guide rails. The lifting member is used to drive the processing assembly to move in the vertical direction.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the first driving component drives the second feed guide to move along the length direction of the first feed guide to realize the feed of the machining component in the X-axis direction; the second driving component drives the lifting component to move along the length direction of the second feed guide to realize the feed of the machining component in the Y-axis direction; the lifting component drives the machining component to move in the vertical direction to realize the feed of the machining component in the Z-axis direction. The three components work together to meet the feed requirements of three-axis milling.

[0018] Preferably, the feeding assembly further includes two sliders that are slidably connected to the first feeding guide rail, and two second drag chains that are correspondingly disposed on one side of the first feeding guide rail. The two ends of the second feeding guide rail are fixed to the sliders, and the extension direction of the two second drag chains is parallel to the first feeding guide rail. One end of the second drag chain is fixed to the first feeding guide rail, and the other end is fixed to the slider.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the slider provides stable sliding support for the movement of the second feed guide along the direction of the first feed guide.

[0020] Preferably, the machining assembly includes a tool holder and a milling cutter mounted on the tool holder, the tool holder being connected to the lifting component, and the cooling assembly including a cooling fluid delivery component, a liquid storage housing surrounding the shank of the milling cutter and coaxially fixed with the tool holder, and a plurality of nozzles arranged in a circumferential array around the milling cutter. The liquid storage housing has a liquid storage space communicating with the cooling fluid delivery component, and the nozzles are mounted on the liquid storage housing and communicating with the liquid storage space.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, since the nozzle is generally located on one side of the milling cutter during the water cooling process, when the position of the milling cutter being sprayed rotates away from the nozzle as the milling cutter rotates, the coolant is thrown away from the milling cutter under the action of centrifugal force, resulting in the coolant not being fully applied to the working position of the milling cutter. By setting multiple nozzles around the milling cutter, the working position of the milling cutter can be cooled from multiple directions at the same time, so that the coolant can be more fully applied to the working position of the milling cutter.

[0022] Preferably, the liquid storage housing includes an upper housing and a lower housing. The liquid storage space includes an upper chamber located in the upper housing and a lower chamber located in the lower housing. The lower chamber is connected to the nozzle. The lower housing has a plurality of first channels arranged in a circumferential array on its annular surface facing the milling cutter. The liquid storage housing also includes a plurality of first abutting wheels corresponding to the first channels. Each first abutting wheel includes a first wheel body that contacts the shank of the milling cutter and a first rod body with one end connected to the first wheel body and the other end located in the first channel.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the first wheel body of the first abutting wheel contacts the outer peripheral surface of the milling cutter shank, and the first wheel body rotates when the milling cutter rotates. When the milling cutter vibrates during machining, the first wheel body moves back and forth along the radial direction with the milling cutter, causing the first rod body to move back and forth in the first channel. Since the other end of the first rod body is in the coolant in the lower chamber, the first rod body is subjected to the liquid damping effect of the coolant when it moves back and forth in the coolant, converting the vibration energy of the milling cutter into the damping dissipation of the coolant, thereby absorbing the vibration of the milling cutter during machining. Multiple first abutting wheels are arranged in a circumferential array around the milling cutter, which can absorb the vibration of the milling cutter in different radial directions from multiple directions at the same time, reducing the vibration amplitude of the milling cutter.

[0024] Preferably, a connecting rod is formed at one end of the first rod body located within the first channel, and a disturbance piece is connected to the end of the connecting rod opposite to the first rod body. The disturbance piece is located in the lower cavity, and the diameter of the connecting rod is smaller than that of the first rod body.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, when the first rod body reciprocates with the milling cutter in the first channel, the connecting rod drives the disturbance plate to reciprocate in the coolant in the lower chamber. The disturbance plate increases the liquid damping experienced by the first rod body during its movement. The diameter of the connecting rod is smaller than that of the first rod body, reducing the blocking effect of the connecting rod on the first channel. At the same time, the reciprocating motion of the disturbance plate in the coolant can agitate the coolant in the lower chamber, promoting the full flow of the coolant in the lower chamber.

[0026] Preferably, the upper housing has a second channel communicating with the lower chamber on the annular surface facing the milling cutter. The liquid storage housing also includes a plurality of second abutment wheels corresponding to the second channel and a push plate located in the upper chamber and matching the shape of the upper chamber. The second abutment wheel includes a second wheel body that contacts the shank of the milling cutter and a second rod body with one end connected to the second wheel body and the other end located in the second channel. The tool holder is fixed with a second telescopic member, and the end of the second telescopic member facing away from the tool holder is fixed to the push plate.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, when the milling cutter needs to be installed and aligned, the second telescopic component drives the push plate to apply pressure to the coolant in the upper cavity. Under the pressure, the coolant pushes the second rod outward through each second channel. The second rod drives the second wheel to move towards the milling cutter. Multiple second abutment wheels are arranged in a circular array around the milling cutter. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, each second wheel synchronously squeezes the outer circumferential surface of the milling cutter from multiple directions. Since hydraulic pressure has the characteristic of equal pressure in all directions, the pressure applied to the milling cutter by each second wheel is consistent, thereby automatically centering and positioning the milling cutter during the clamping process, aligning the axis of the milling cutter with the rotation center of the tool holder, reducing the milling cutter installation eccentricity error, and improving machining accuracy.

[0028] Preferably, the upper housing has a liquid injection port communicating with any of the second channels, the liquid injection port communicating with the cooling liquid delivery component, the upper housing and the lower housing are rotatably connected, and the surface of the upper housing facing the lower housing has a first alignment hole, and the surface of the lower housing facing the upper housing has a second alignment hole corresponding to the first alignment hole. The liquid storage housing also includes a third driving component for driving the upper housing and the lower housing to rotate relative to each other, the first alignment hole communicating with the upper chamber, and the second alignment hole communicating with the lower chamber.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, when the milling cutter needs to be aligned and positioned, the third driving member drives the upper housing to rotate to a position where the first alignment hole and the second alignment hole are misaligned. The fluid passage between the upper chamber and the lower chamber is closed, and the upper chamber forms a closed space. The second telescopic member drives the push plate to pressurize the coolant in the upper chamber. The coolant builds up pressure in the closed space, and this pressure pushes the second wheels through each second channel to synchronously squeeze the milling cutter to complete the alignment and positioning. When the milling cutter needs to be sprayed for cooling after alignment and positioning, the third driving member drives the upper housing to rotate to a position where the first alignment hole and the second alignment hole are aligned. The fluid passage between the upper chamber and the lower chamber is connected. The pressurized coolant in the upper chamber flows into the lower chamber through the aligned first alignment hole and the second alignment hole, and is sprayed out from each nozzle to spray and cool the milling cutter.

[0030] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0031] 1. The temperature sensor detects the temperature in the processing space in real time. When the temperature reaches the preset threshold, the controller activates the cooling and ventilation components simultaneously. The cooling component directly cools the processing area, while the ventilation component exhausts the hot air from the processing space. Both components reduce the temperature in the processing space, maintaining it within a suitable temperature range to ensure processing accuracy and equipment stability. The ventilation component can not only remove the hot air from the processing space but also absorb dust and droplets generated during processing.

[0032] 2. The first wheel of the first abutting wheel contacts the outer circumferential surface of the milling cutter shank. When the milling cutter rotates, it drives the first wheel to rotate accordingly. When the milling cutter vibrates during machining, the first wheel moves back and forth along the radial direction with the milling cutter, driving the first rod to reciprocate within the first channel. Since the other end of the first rod is in the coolant in the lower chamber, the first rod is subjected to the liquid damping effect of the coolant when it reciprocates in the coolant, converting the vibration energy of the milling cutter into damping dissipation of the coolant, thereby absorbing the vibration during the milling cutter machining process. Multiple first abutting wheels are arranged in a circumferential array around the milling cutter, which can absorb the vibration of the milling cutter in different radial directions from multiple directions simultaneously, reducing the vibration amplitude of the milling cutter.

[0033] 3. When the milling cutter needs to be installed and aligned, the second telescopic component drives the push plate to apply pressure to the coolant in the upper cavity. Under pressure, the coolant pushes the second rod outward through each second channel. The second rod drives the second wheel to move towards the milling cutter. Multiple second abutment wheels are arranged in a circular array around the milling cutter. Under hydraulic pressure, each second wheel synchronously presses the outer circumferential surface of the milling cutter from multiple directions. Since hydraulic pressure has the characteristic of equal pressure in all directions, the pressure applied to the milling cutter by each second wheel is consistent, thereby automatically centering and positioning the milling cutter during the clamping process, aligning the axis of the milling cutter with the rotation center of the tool holder, reducing the milling cutter installation eccentricity error, and improving machining accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-axis milling machine provided in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the base;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the processing mechanism according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the feed component in the split state according to Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the processing mechanism in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the extraction pipe;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling assembly according to Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cooling assembly of Embodiment 2 of this application along the direction of the first abutment wheel;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cooling assembly of Embodiment 2 of this application along the direction of the first alignment hole;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the lower shell of Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper shell of Embodiment 2 of this application;

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Bearing mechanism; 11. Base; 111. Machining table; 112. Temperature sensor; 12. Protective housing; 13. Machining space; 2. Machining mechanism; 21. Machining seat; 22. Machining assembly; 221. Tool holder; 2211. Second telescopic component; 222. Milling cutter; 2221. Follower bearing; 23. Feed assembly; 231. First drive component; 232. Second drive component; 233. First feed guide rail; 234. Second feed guide rail; 235. Lifting component; 236. Slider; 237. Second cable chain; 24. Alignment assembly; 241. Alignment guide rail; 242. First telescopic component; 243. First cable chain; 3. Cooling mechanism; 31. Cooling assembly; 311. Cooling Infusion assembly; 312, reservoir housing; 3121, upper housing; 3122, lower housing; 3123, upper chamber; 3124, lower chamber; 3125, injection port; 3126, first alignment hole; 3127, second alignment hole; 3128, first channel; 3129, second channel; 313, nozzle; 314, first abutting wheel; 3141, first wheel body; 3142, first rod body; 3143, connecting rod; 3144, disturbance plate; 315, second abutting wheel; 3151, second wheel body; 3152, second rod body; 316, push plate; 317, third drive component; 32, exhaust assembly; 321, exhaust pipe; 322, exhaust component; 323, filter component; 33, control component. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-8 This application will be described in further detail.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Please see Figure 1-2 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-axis milling machine provided in Embodiment 1 of this application. Specifically, the supporting mechanism 1 includes a base 11 and a protective shell 12. The base 11 is the supporting foundation of the entire machine and is generally made of high-strength metal material, which has good stability and load-bearing capacity. The base 11 has a machining table 111, which is the area where the workpiece is placed for processing. The protective shell 12 is installed on the base 11 and together with the machining table 111 forms a machining space 13. The protective shell 12 can be made of transparent plexiglass or metal sheet, which allows observation of the processing and prevents debris and coolant from splashing out during the processing. The base 11 also includes a temperature sensor 112, which can be a thermocouple or a thermistor, etc. It senses the temperature in the machining space 13 in real time and transmits the temperature signal to the control unit 33.

[0049] Please refer to the following: Figure 3-5 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the processing mechanism 2 according to Embodiment 1 of this application. The processing mechanism 2 is installed in the processing space 13 and includes at least one processing seat 21, a processing component 22, and a feed component 23. The processing seat 21 is used to support the workpiece. It can be designed according to the shape and size of the workpiece, for example, it can be a platform with a clamp to firmly fix the workpiece. When multiple processing seats 21 are provided, different workpieces can be supported respectively to realize multi-station processing. The processing component 22 includes a tool holder 221 and a milling cutter 222. The tool holder 221 is connected to a lifting component 235. The milling cutter 222 is mounted on the tool holder 221. The tool holder 221 can be connected to a motor to drive the milling cutter 222 to rotate. The tool holder 221 can be made of high-strength alloy material to ensure its rigidity and wear resistance. The feed component 23 includes a first driving component 231, a second driving component 232, two parallel first feed guide rails 233, a second feed guide rail 234 perpendicular to the first feed guide rails 233, and a lifting component 235. The first drive unit 231 and the second drive unit 232 can be servo motors, which can precisely control the movement. The feed assembly 23 also includes two sliders 236 that are slidably connected to the two first feed guide rails 233 respectively, and the two ends of the second feed guide rail 234 are fixed to the two sliders 236 respectively.

[0050] The slider 236 provides stable sliding support for the movement of the second feed guide 234 along the direction of the first feed guide 233. The slider 236 is generally made of wear-resistant engineering plastic or metal. The lifting component 235 is slidably mounted on the second feed guide 234 and is used to drive the machining component 22 to move in the vertical direction. The first driving component 231 drives the second feed guide 234 to move along the length direction of the first feed guide 233, realizing the feed of the machining component 22 in the X-axis direction; the second driving component 232 drives the lifting component 235 to move along the length direction of the second feed guide 234, realizing the feed of the machining component 22 in the Y-axis direction; the lifting component 235 drives the machining component 22 to move in the vertical direction, realizing the feed of the machining component 22 in the Z-axis direction. The three components work together to meet the feed requirements of three-axis milling. In addition, the feed assembly 23 also includes two second drag chains 237 respectively disposed on one side of the two first feed guide rails 233. The extension direction of the two second drag chains 237 is parallel to the first feed guide rails 233. One end of each second drag chain 237 is fixed to the corresponding first feed guide rail 233, and the other end is fixed to the corresponding slider 236.

[0051] Please refer to the following: Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust pipe 321. The cooling mechanism 3 includes a cooling component 31, an exhaust component 32, and a control component 33. The cooling component 31 is installed on the machining component 22 and includes a cooling fluid delivery component 311 and a coolant spray nozzle. The cooling fluid delivery component 311 can be a water pump, which delivers coolant through the coolant spray nozzle to the machining position of the end mill 222 for cooling. The exhaust component 32 includes an exhaust pipe 321, an exhaust component 322, and a filter 323. The exhaust pipe 321 is installed on the top of the protective housing 12 and communicates with the machining space 13. The exhaust component 322 is installed inside the exhaust pipe 321 and is generally a fan, used to extract hot air, dust, and droplets from the machining space 13. The filter 323 is installed inside the exhaust pipe 321 and can be a filter screen or a multi-layer composite filter element, which can intercept the extracted dust and droplets, preventing dust and droplets from being discharged into the external working environment and causing pollution. The control unit 33 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 112, the cooling assembly 31 and the ventilation assembly 32 respectively. When the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor 112 reaches the preset threshold, the control unit 33 controls the cooling assembly 31 and the ventilation assembly 32 to start.

[0052] During actual operation, the temperature sensor 112 continuously collects temperature data within the machining space 13 and transmits it to the control unit 33 in real time. When the collected temperature value reaches a preset threshold, the control unit 33 sends a start signal to the cooling component 31 and the exhaust component 32. The cooling component 31 directly cools the machining area of ​​the milling cutter 222, and the exhaust component 32 exhausts the hot air accumulated in the machining space 13. Both components reduce the temperature within the machining space 13. While exhausting the hot air, the exhaust component 32 also extracts dust and coolant droplets generated during the machining process from the machining space 13. The filter 323 intercepts the dust and droplets in the extracted airflow, ensuring that the exhausted gas does not pollute the external working environment after filtration.

[0053] The processing mechanism 2 also includes at least one alignment component 24 corresponding to the processing base 21. The alignment component 24 includes an alignment guide rail 241 mounted on the processing table 111 of the base 11 and a first telescopic member 242. The extension direction of the alignment guide rail 241 is the same as the movement direction of the processing base 21. The processing base 21 is slidably connected to the alignment guide rail 241. One end of the first telescopic member 242 is fixed to the processing base 21, and the other end is fixed to the processing table 111. Its extension direction is the same as the sliding direction of the processing base 21. A first drag chain 243 is provided on each side of the alignment guide rail 241. One end of the first drag chain 243 is fixed to the processing table 111, and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the processing base 21. During the extension and retraction process, the first telescopic member 242 drives the processing base 21 to slide along the guide rail, adjusting the position of the processing base 21 and moving the workpiece to the preset processing location. When multiple machining seats 21 are provided, each machining seat 21 corresponds to a set of alignment components 24. Each alignment component 24 works independently and can move the workpiece on each machining seat 21 to its corresponding machining position. The first telescopic component 242 can be a cylinder or an electric push rod, and the position of the machining seat 21 on the alignment guide rail 241 is adjusted by controlling its extension amount.

[0054] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: Before operation, the workpiece to be processed is fixed on the processing base 21. The first telescopic member 242 drives the processing base 21 to slide along the alignment guide rail 241. After the processing base 21 moves along the alignment guide rail 241 to the preset processing position, the first telescopic member 242 stops moving, and the processing base 21 is positioned. When there are multiple processing bases 21, the first telescopic member 242 corresponding to each processing base 21 moves independently, moving the workpiece on each processing base 21 to the corresponding processing position.

[0055] During machining, the first drive unit 231 drives the second feed guide rail 234 to move along the length direction of the first feed guide rail 233, causing the machining assembly 22 to feed along the X-axis; the second drive unit 232 drives the lifting unit 235 to move along the length direction of the second feed guide rail 234, causing the machining assembly 22 to feed along the Y-axis; the lifting unit 235 drives the tool holder 221 and the milling cutter 222 to move in the vertical direction, causing the machining assembly 22 to feed along the Z-axis. In this application, the lifting unit 235 can be driven by a motor to rotate a lead screw, which cooperates with the tool holder 221 to drive the tool holder 221 to move in the vertical direction. The three components work together according to a preset machining program, and the milling cutter 222 rotates and mills the workpiece surface along a set trajectory to remove material.

[0056] During the machining process, the temperature sensor 112 collects temperature data within the machining space 13 in real time and transmits the temperature signal to the control unit 33. When the temperature in the machining space 13 continues to rise due to heat generated by milling friction, and the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor 112 reaches a preset threshold, the control unit 33 sends a start signal to the cooling assembly 31 and the exhaust assembly 32. The cooling fluid delivery unit 311 is activated, delivering coolant through the coolant spray pipe to the machining position of the milling cutter 222. The coolant directly acts on the contact area between the milling cutter 222 and the workpiece, carrying away the heat generated by cutting. At the same time, the exhaust component 322 of the exhaust assembly 32 is activated, drawing out the hot air accumulated in the machining space 13 through the exhaust pipe 321. A negative pressure is formed in the machining space 13, and cooler air from the outside enters through the gaps in the protective shell 12, accelerating air circulation and heat dissipation within the machining space 13.

[0057] While the exhaust fan 322 draws out hot air, metal dust and splashed coolant droplets generated during processing are also drawn into the exhaust pipe 321 along with the airflow. The filter 323 intercepts the dust and droplets carried in the airflow, and the filtered gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe 321. When the temperature in the processing space 13 drops below a preset threshold, the control unit 33 controls the cooling component 31 and the exhaust fan 32 to stop working; when the temperature rises again to the preset threshold, the control unit 33 controls the cooling component 31 and the exhaust fan 32 to start again, and so on, so that the temperature in the processing space 13 is always maintained within the preset range.

[0058] After processing is completed, the feed assembly 23 drives the processing assembly 22 to reset, and the first telescopic component 242 drives the processing seat 21 to slide along the alignment guide rail 241 to the initial position. The processed workpiece is removed, and after replacing it with a new workpiece, the above process is repeated for the next processing.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the cooling assembly 31 according to Embodiment 2 of this application. The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiments is that, in Embodiment 2, the machining assembly 22 includes a tool holder 221 and a milling cutter 222 mounted on the tool holder 221. The tool holder 221 is connected to a lifting member 235, which drives the tool holder 221 and the milling cutter 222 to move vertically. The cooling assembly 31 includes a cooling fluid delivery component 311, a liquid storage shell 312 surrounding the milling cutter 222 and coaxially fixed to the tool holder 221, and multiple nozzles 313 arranged in a circumferential array around the milling cutter 222. The liquid storage shell 312 has a liquid storage space inside, used to store coolant. The nozzles 313 are mounted on the liquid storage shell 312 and communicate with the liquid storage space. The cooling fluid delivery component 311 communicates with the liquid storage space and is used to deliver coolant into the liquid storage space. Multiple nozzles 313 are arranged in a circular array around the milling cutter 222, which can spray and cool the working position of the milling cutter 222 from multiple directions at the same time. This allows the coolant to act more fully on the milling cutter 222. Compared with the method of setting the nozzles on one side, this avoids the problem of insufficient cooling caused by the coolant being thrown away from the milling cutter 222 by centrifugal force when the sprayed position of the milling cutter 222 rotates away from the direction of the nozzle.

[0061] Please refer to the following: Figure 8-9 , Figure 8This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cooling assembly 31 in Embodiment 2 of this application along the direction of the first abutment wheel 314. The liquid storage housing 312 includes an upper housing 3121 and a lower housing 3122. The liquid storage space includes an upper chamber 3123 located in the upper housing 3121 and a lower chamber 3124 located in the lower housing 3122. The lower chamber 3124 communicates with the nozzle 313. In this embodiment, two follower bearings 2221 are sleeved on the handle of the milling cutter 222. The annular surface of the lower housing 3122 facing the milling cutter 222 has multiple first channels 3128 arranged in a circular array. The liquid storage housing 312 also includes multiple first abutment wheels 314 corresponding to the first channels 3128. The first abutting wheel 314 includes a first wheel body 3141 and a first rod body 3142. The first wheel body 3141 contacts one of the follower bearings 2221 on the handle of the milling cutter 222 to accommodate the rotation of the handle. One end of the first rod body 3142 is connected to the first wheel body 3141, and the other end is located in the first channel 3128. An O-ring seal can be installed in the first channel 3128. A connecting rod 3143 is formed at one end of the first rod body 3142 located in the first channel 3128. A disturbance piece 3144 is connected to the end of the connecting rod 3143 away from the first rod body 3142. The disturbance piece 3144 is located in the lower chamber 3124, and the diameter of the connecting rod 3143 is smaller than that of the first rod body 3142. When the milling cutter 222 rotates, it drives the first wheel 3141 to rotate accordingly. When the milling cutter 222 vibrates, the first wheel 3141 moves back and forth in the radial direction with the milling cutter 222, driving the first rod 3142 to move back and forth in the first channel 3128. A spring (not shown) can be installed in the lower chamber 3124 to reset the first rod 3142, or the hydraulic pressure in the spray state can be used directly to reset the first rod 3142. In this process, when the first rod 3142 moves back and forth in the coolant, it is subjected to the liquid damping effect of the coolant, which converts the vibration energy of the milling cutter 222 into the damping dissipation of the coolant, thereby effectively absorbing the vibration of the milling cutter 222 during the machining process.

[0062] Please refer to the following: Figure 10 , Figure 10This is a transverse cross-sectional view of the lower housing 3121 according to Embodiment 2 of this application. In this embodiment, multiple first abutment wheels 314 are arranged in a circumferential array around the milling cutter 222, which can absorb vibrations of the milling cutter 222 in different radial directions from multiple directions simultaneously, reducing the vibration amplitude of the milling cutter 222. The disturbance plate 3144 increases the liquid damping experienced by the first rod 3142 during movement. At the same time, the reciprocating motion of the disturbance plate 3144 in the coolant can agitate the coolant in the lower chamber 3124, promote the full flow of coolant in the lower chamber 3124, make the temperature of the coolant in the lower chamber 3124 more uniform, and avoid local overheating. The diameter of the connecting rod 3143 is smaller than that of the first rod body 3142, which reduces the blocking area of ​​the connecting rod 3143 on the first channel 3128, allowing the coolant to flow along the gap between the first rod body 3142 and the wall of the first channel 3128, as well as the gap between the connecting rod 3143 and the wall of the first channel 3128.

[0063] Please refer to the following: Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper housing 3122 of Embodiment 2 of this application. The annular surface of the upper housing 3121 facing the milling cutter 222 is also provided with a second channel 3129 communicating with the upper chamber 3123. The liquid storage housing 312 also includes a plurality of second abutment wheels 315 corresponding to the second channel 3129 and a push plate 316 located in the upper chamber 3123 and whose shape matches the upper chamber 3123. The second abutment wheel 315 includes a second wheel body 3151 and a second rod body 3152. The second wheel body 3151 also contacts the follower bearing 2221 on the handle of the milling cutter 222 and can also adapt to the rotation of the handle. One end of the second rod body 3152 is connected to the second wheel body 3151, and the other end is located in the second channel 3129. The tool holder 221 is fixedly equipped with a second telescopic member 2211. The upper housing 3121 has a through hole, and the end of the second telescopic member 2211 facing away from the tool holder 221 passes through the through hole and is fixed to the push plate 316. The second channel 3129 extends from the inner annular surface of the lower housing 3122 facing the milling cutter 222, through the wall of the lower housing 3122, and extends to the upper end face of the lower housing 3122, that is, at the interface between the lower housing 3122 and the upper housing 3121, and communicates with the upper chamber 3123 at this interface. One end of the second channel 3129 is located on the inner annular surface of the lower housing 3122 for the second rod 3152 to pass through, and the other end is located on the upper end face of the lower housing 3122, leading to the upper chamber 3123. The first channel 3128 connects to the lower chamber 3124, and the second channel 3129 connects to the upper chamber 3123. The two types of channels are arranged alternately along the circumference on the inner annular surface of the lower housing 3122, without interfering with each other. A seal, such as an O-ring, is installed between the second rod 3152 and the wall of the second channel 3129 to prevent coolant in the upper chamber 3123 from leaking from the inner annular surface of the second channel 3129.

[0064] The upper housing 3121 has a liquid injection port 3125 that communicates with any second channel 3129. The liquid injection port 3125 is connected to the cooling liquid delivery component 311. In this application, the liquid injection port 3125 is connected to the cooling liquid delivery component 311 pipeline, and a one-way valve is provided on the pipeline to prevent the coolant from flowing back during the liquid injection process of the cooling liquid delivery component 311. The upper housing 3121 and the lower housing 3122 are rotatably connected. The surface of the upper housing 3121 facing the lower housing 3122 has a first alignment hole 3126, and the surface of the lower housing 3122 facing the upper housing 3121 has a second alignment hole 3127 that corresponds to the first alignment hole 3126. The liquid storage housing 312 also includes a third driving component 317 for driving the upper housing 3121 and the lower housing 3122 to rotate relative to each other. The first alignment hole 3126 communicates with the upper chamber 3123, and the second alignment hole 3127 communicates with the lower chamber 3124. The injection port 3125 is located on the wall of the upper housing 3121, penetrating the wall and communicating with the upper chamber 3123. Since the upper chamber 3123 and each of the second channels 3129 are interconnected at the upper end face of the lower housing 3122, the injection port 3125 maintains communication with each of the second channels 3129 through the upper chamber 3123. The upper housing 3121 and the lower housing 3122 rotate relative to each other via a thrust bearing or a rotating mating surface. A rotary sealing structure, such as an O-ring or mechanical seal, is provided at their interface to ensure that the sealing performance between the upper chamber 3123 and the lower chamber 3124 remains unaffected regardless of the rotational position of the upper housing 3121. The first alignment hole 3126 and the second alignment hole 3127 are aligned and connected only when the upper housing 3121 rotates to a specific angle. The third driving component 317 can be a stepper motor or a servo motor, which drives the upper housing 3121 to rotate relative to the lower housing 3122 through gear meshing or friction transmission.

[0065] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: When the milling cutter 222 is installed and aligned, it is inserted into the tool holder 221 and initially clamped. The third driving member 317 drives the upper housing 3121 to rotate relative to the lower housing 3122, causing the first alignment hole 3126 on the upper housing 3121 to be misaligned with the second alignment hole 3127 on the lower housing 3122. The liquid passage between the upper chamber 3123 and the lower chamber 3124 is closed, and the upper chamber 3123 forms a relatively closed space. The cooling liquid delivery member 311 is activated, delivering coolant to the upper chamber 3123 through the injection port 3125. The coolant flows through the upper chamber 3123 into each of the second channels 3129 and fills each of the second channels 3129. After the upper chamber 3123 and each of the second channels 3129 are filled with coolant, the second telescopic member 2211 extends and pushes the push plate 316 to apply pressure to the coolant in the upper chamber 3123. The coolant builds up pressure in the closed upper chamber 3123. This pressure is transmitted to the end face of each of the second rods 3152 through each of the second channels 3129, pushing each of the second rods 3152 to move along the second channels 3129 toward the milling cutter 222. Each of the second rods 3152 drives the corresponding second wheel 3151 to move toward the milling cutter 222. Multiple second abutment wheels 315 are arranged in a circular array around the milling cutter 222. Under hydraulic pressure, each second wheel 3151 simultaneously presses the outer circumferential surface of the milling cutter 222 from multiple directions. Due to the characteristic of hydraulic pressure being equal in all directions, the pressure applied to the milling cutter 222 by each second wheel 3151 is consistent, thereby automatically centering and positioning the milling cutter 222 during clamping, aligning the axis of the milling cutter 222 with the rotation center of the cutter holder 221, and reducing the installation eccentricity error of the milling cutter 222. In the spray state, the second abutment wheels 315 can achieve the same effect as the first abutment wheel 314.

[0066] When switching to spray cooling mode, after the milling cutter 222 is aligned and positioned, the third drive unit 317 drives the upper housing 3121 to rotate to the position where the first alignment hole 3126 and the second alignment hole 3127 are aligned, and the liquid passage between the upper chamber 3123 and the lower chamber 3124 is connected. The cooling liquid supply unit 311 continuously supplies liquid to the upper chamber 3123 through the liquid injection port 3125. The coolant in the upper chamber 3123 flows into the lower chamber 3124 through the aligned first alignment hole 3126 and the second alignment hole 3127. The coolant in the lower chamber 3124 is sprayed out from each nozzle 313 to spray cool the working position of the milling cutter 222. Since the upper chamber 3123 is connected to the lower chamber 3124, the hydraulic pressure in the upper chamber 3123 is dispersed to the entire liquid storage space, the hydraulic pressure in each second channel 3129 is reduced accordingly, and the squeezing force of each second wheel 3151 on the outer peripheral surface of the milling cutter 222 is weakened, so it will not significantly hinder the rotation of the milling cutter 222.

[0067] During the machining process: the feed assembly 23 drives the machining assembly 22 to move to the workpiece machining position, and the milling cutter 222 rotates to perform milling on the workpiece. During the machining process, the first wheel body 3141 of each first abutment wheel 314 always maintains contact with the outer peripheral surface of the milling cutter 222 shank, and the first wheel body 3141 rolls along with the milling cutter 222 as it rotates. When the milling cutter 222 vibrates radially due to the fluctuation of cutting force, the first wheel body 3141 moves back and forth in the radial direction with the milling cutter 222, driving the first rod body 3142 and its end connecting rod 3143 and disturbance plate 3144 to move back and forth in the coolant in the lower chamber 3124. The coolant applies liquid damping to the disturbance plate 3144 and the first rod body 3142, converting the vibration energy of the milling cutter 222 into damping dissipation in the coolant, thereby reducing the vibration amplitude of the milling cutter 222.

[0068] The reciprocating motion of the disturbance plate 3144 in the coolant simultaneously agitates the coolant in the lower chamber 3124, promoting its flow and ensuring uniform temperature of the coolant sprayed from each nozzle 313. The temperature sensor 112 senses the temperature within the machining space 13 in real time during processing. When the temperature reaches a preset threshold, the controller 33 activates the cooling assembly 31 and the exhaust assembly 32 simultaneously. The cooling assembly 31 sprays cooling material onto the milling cutter 222 from multiple directions through each nozzle 313, while the exhaust assembly 32 extracts hot air, dust, and droplets from the machining space 13. The filter 323 intercepts dust and droplets in the extracted airflow. Together, they reduce the temperature within the machining space 13, maintaining it within a suitable temperature range.

[0069] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A three-axis milling machine, characterized in that, include: The support mechanism (1) includes a base (11) and a protective housing (12) installed on the base (11). The base (11) includes a processing table (111). The processing table (111) and the internal space of the protective housing (12) form a processing space (13). The base (11) includes a temperature sensor (112) for sensing the temperature inside the processing space (13). A processing mechanism (2) is installed within the processing space (13). The processing mechanism (2) includes at least one processing seat (21) for carrying a workpiece, a processing assembly (22) for processing the workpiece, and a feed assembly (23) for driving the processing assembly (22) to move along the processing direction; and The cooling mechanism (3) includes a cooling component (31) installed on the processing component (22), an exhaust component (32) installed on the protective housing (12) and connected to the processing space (13), and a control component (33) electrically connected to the temperature sensor (112), the cooling component (31) and the exhaust component (32) respectively. The control component (33) is used to control the cooling component (31) and the exhaust component (32) to start when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor (112) reaches a preset threshold.

2. The three-axis milling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust assembly (32) includes an exhaust pipe (321) installed on the top of the protective housing (12) and communicating with the processing space (13), an exhaust component (322) installed in the exhaust pipe (321), and a filter component (323) installed in the exhaust pipe (321).

3. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing mechanism (2) further includes at least one alignment component (24) corresponding to the processing seat (21). The alignment component (24) includes an alignment guide rail (241) mounted on the processing table (111) of the base (11), and a first telescopic member (242) with one end fixed to the processing seat (21) and the other end fixed to the processing table (111). The processing seat (21) is slidably connected to the alignment guide rail (241). The telescopic direction of the first telescopic member (242) is the same as the sliding direction of the processing seat (21). A first drag chain (243) is provided on each side of the alignment guide rail (241). One end of each first drag chain (243) is fixed to the processing table (111) and the other end is fixed to the side wall of the processing seat (21).

4. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed assembly (23) includes a first drive member (231), a second drive member (232), two parallel first feed guide rails (233), a second feed guide rail (234) perpendicular to the first feed guide rails (233), and a lifting member (235) slidably mounted on the second feed guide rail (234). The two ends of the second feed guide rail (234) are slidably connected to the two first feed guide rails (233), respectively. The first drive member (231) is used to drive the second feed guide rail (234) to move along the length direction of the first feed guide rail (233), the second drive member (232) is used to drive the lifting member (235) to move along the length direction of the second feed guide rail (234), and the lifting member (235) is used to drive the processing assembly (22) to move in the vertical direction.

5. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The feeding assembly (23) further includes two sliders (236) that are slidably connected to the first feeding guide rail (233) respectively, and two second drag chains (237) that are correspondingly disposed on one side of the first feeding guide rail (233). The two ends of the second feeding guide rail (234) are fixed to the sliders (236) respectively. The extension direction of the two second drag chains (237) is parallel to the first feeding guide rail (233), and one end of the second drag chain (237) is fixed to the first feeding guide rail (233), and the other end is fixed to the slider (236).

6. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The processing assembly (22) includes a tool holder (221) and a milling cutter (222) mounted on the tool holder (221). The tool holder (221) is connected to the lifting member (235). The cooling assembly (31) includes a cooling fluid delivery member (311), a shank surrounding the milling cutter (222) and a liquid storage housing (312) coaxially fixed with the tool holder (221), and a plurality of nozzles (313) arranged in a circumferential array around the milling cutter (222). The liquid storage housing (312) has a liquid storage space inside that communicates with the cooling fluid delivery member (311). The nozzles (313) are mounted on the liquid storage housing (312) and communicate with the liquid storage space.

7. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The liquid storage housing (312) includes an upper housing (3121) and a lower housing (3122). The liquid storage space includes an upper chamber (3123) located in the upper housing (3121) and a lower chamber (3124) located in the lower housing (3122). The lower chamber (3124) is connected to the nozzle (313). The lower housing (3122) has a plurality of first channels (3128) arranged in a circular array on the annular surface facing the milling cutter (222). The liquid storage housing (312) also includes a plurality of first abutting wheels (314) corresponding to the first channels (3128). The first abutting wheel (314) includes a first wheel body (3141) that contacts the handle of the milling cutter (222) and a first rod body (3142) with one end connected to the first wheel body (3141) and the other end located in the first channel (3128).

8. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first rod body (3142) has a connecting rod (3143) formed at one end inside the first channel (3128). The end of the connecting rod (3143) opposite to the first rod body (3142) is connected to a disturbance piece (3144). The disturbance piece (3144) is located in the lower chamber (3124), and the diameter of the connecting rod (3143) is smaller than that of the first rod body (3142).

9. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper housing (3121) has a second channel (3129) communicating with the upper chamber (3123) on its annular surface facing the milling cutter (222). The liquid storage housing (312) also includes a plurality of second abutment wheels (315) corresponding to the second channel (3129) and a push plate (316) located in the upper chamber (3123) and matching the shape of the upper chamber (3123). The second abutment wheel (315) includes a second wheel body (3151) that contacts the handle of the milling cutter (222) and a second rod body (3152) with one end connected to the second wheel body (3151) and the other end located in the second channel (3129). The tool holder (221) is fixedly provided with a second telescopic member (2211). The end of the second telescopic member (2211) facing away from the tool holder (221) is fixed to the push plate (316).

10. A three-axis milling machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The upper housing (3121) has a liquid injection port (3125) communicating with any of the second channels (3129). The liquid injection port (3125) is communicating with the cooling liquid delivery component (311). The upper housing (3121) is rotatably connected to the lower housing (3122). The upper housing (3121) has a first alignment hole (3126) on the surface facing the lower housing (3122). The lower housing (3122) has a first alignment hole (3126) on the surface facing the upper housing (3122). The housing (3121) has a second alignment hole (3127) corresponding to the first alignment hole (3126) on its surface. The liquid storage housing (312) also includes a third driving member (317) for driving the upper housing (3121) and the lower housing (3122) to rotate relative to each other. The first alignment hole (3126) communicates with the upper chamber (3123), and the second alignment hole (3127) communicates with the lower chamber (3124).

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