A grinding machine capable of multi-surface grinding of metal workpieces

Abstract

The application discloses a grinding machine capable of multi-surface machining and grinding of metal original pieces, which comprises a machine box, a workbench arranged in the machine box, a vertical guide rail fixedly installed on one side of the top of the machine box, a moving seat vertically slippable on the vertical guide rail, a grinding wheel seat fixedly installed on the outer side of the moving seat, and a top motor whose output end is in transmission connection with a transmission wheel; the inside of the grinding wheel seat is detachably and interchangeably provided with an end face grinder and a circumferential surface grinder; the top end of the end face grinder is in transmission connection with the transmission wheel, and the end face grinder is driven to rotate and grind by the top motor; the end face grinder and the circumferential surface grinder are detachable and interchangeable; one device can realize multi-surface integrated grinding of the inner and outer circumferential surfaces and the upper end face of a hollow cylindrical workpiece; the traditional multi-device step-by-step machining mode is replaced; the machining process is simplified; the machining efficiency is improved; and the equipment procurement and production line land occupation cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of metal workpiece grinding and processing equipment, specifically relating to a grinding machine capable of multi-faceted grinding and processing of metal parts. Background Technology

[0002] Hollow cylindrical metal parts are common basic workpieces used in machining, hardware fittings, and pipe fittings. After production, their inner and outer circumferential surfaces, as well as the top surface, have burrs, tool marks, oxide layers, and dimensional errors. Grinding is necessary to ensure surface flatness and assembly accuracy. Currently, traditional grinding machines on the market have limited functionality, mostly only capable of grinding a single surface of the workpiece. They can only grind the outer or inner circumferential surface, failing to achieve integrated grinding of end faces, inner and outer surfaces, and multiple surfaces.

[0003] First, in the existing technology, multi-face grinding of hollow cylindrical workpieces requires multiple machines to process in multiple steps, or frequent manual disassembly, assembly, and flipping of the workpiece for multiple positioning grinding, which is not only cumbersome in processing procedures but also has low production efficiency.

[0004] Secondly, traditional grinding equipment cannot adapt to the self-grinding of hollow cylindrical workpieces with different inner and outer diameters. The grinding fit is poor, which can easily lead to uneven grinding and local missed grinding. In addition, conventional end face grinding structures are mostly hard contact grinding without adaptive buffer structure, which can easily cause quality defects such as workpiece end face crushing and over-grinding. It cannot meet the needs of high-precision, batch automated grinding production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the existing technology and provide a grinding machine that can perform multi-faceted grinding of metal parts, solving the problems of traditional grinding machines being unable to complete multi-faceted grinding of the inner and outer circles of hollow cylindrical workpieces in one integrated manner, having general adaptability, and low production efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts includes a chassis, an interior worktable, a vertical guide rail fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the chassis, a movable seat slidably along the vertical guide rail, and a vertical drive motor for driving the movable seat to move vertically up and down mounted at the top of the vertical guide rail; a grinding wheel seat fixedly mounted on the outside of the movable seat, and a top motor mounted on the top of the grinding wheel seat; a face grinder and a circumferential grinder are detachably and interchangeably mounted inside the grinding wheel seat; the face grinder is mounted from the top... The end face grinder is driven by a motor and has an elastic element and a circular grinding disc inside. The circumferential surface grinder has a pneumatic adjustment mechanism inside, which includes an arc-shaped grinding disc, a sliding rod, and a pneumatic telescopic rod. The telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is connected to the arc-shaped grinding disc, and the sliding rod is connected to the arc-shaped grinding disc for sliding limit. A bottom motor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the worktable, and the output end of the bottom motor is equipped with a fixture for fixing the hollow cylindrical workpiece to be processed. The fixture is coaxially and correspondingly arranged with the grinding wheel seat.

[0007] Furthermore, a transmission wheel is rotatably mounted on the top of the grinding wheel base, the output end of the top motor is connected to the transmission wheel, and the top of the end face grinder is connected to the transmission wheel.

[0008] Furthermore, the circumferential surface grinder includes a long sleeve, inside which a pneumatic adjustment mechanism is arranged, the pneumatic telescopic rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the long sleeve, and the sliding rod moves through the circumferential wall of the long sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, a short sleeve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the end face grinder, and the elastic element is assembled around the inside of the short sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, a lead screw is vertically mounted on the other side of the vertical guide rail via a bearing. The lead screw and the vertical guide rail are arranged parallel to each other, and a movable seat is threaded onto the lead screw. The output end of the vertical drive motor is connected to the top of the lead screw, and the rotation of the lead screw can drive the movable seat and the grinding wheel seat to rise and fall vertically as a whole.

[0011] Furthermore, a limiting rod is provided transversely through the grinding wheel seat, and a limiting hole matching the limiting rod is opened on the peripheral wall of the circumferential surface grinder. The limiting rod can be inserted and removed through the limiting hole to restrict the circumferential rotation of the circumferential surface grinder and keep the circumferential surface grinder in a stationary state.

[0012] Furthermore, the pneumatic telescopic rod is connected to an external air source, and the pneumatic telescopic rod can drive the arc-shaped grinding disc to extend and retract. At the same time, it is limited by the sliding rod to make the arc-shaped grinding disc move smoothly so as to adaptively fit and grind the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the hollow cylindrical workpiece.

[0013] Furthermore, the elastic element includes a spring and a telescopic rod, with the spring sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod; the elastic element can provide a constant downward pressure on the circular grinding disc, realizing adaptive flexible grinding of the end face.

[0014] Furthermore, the tooling frame is rotatably mounted on the top of the worktable via bearings, and the bottom motor can drive the tooling frame and the hollow cylindrical workpiece fixed above it to rotate, respectively cooperating with the stationary circumferential surface grinder and the rotating end face grinder to complete the multi-face grinding process of the workpiece.

[0015] Furthermore, a material guide groove is provided at the front end of the top of the workbench; a reinforcing rib is provided on one side of the vertical guide rail, and the bottom end of the reinforcing rib is fixedly connected to the top of the workbench, so that the vertical guide rail and the workbench form a triangular reinforcement structure.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention features a detachable and interchangeable end face grinder and circumferential face grinder. One machine can perform integrated grinding of the inner and outer circumferential surfaces and the upper end face of a hollow cylindrical workpiece, replacing the traditional multi-machine step-by-step processing mode, simplifying the processing steps, improving processing efficiency, and reducing equipment procurement and production line floor space costs.

[0017] 2. This invention uses a pneumatic telescopic rod to directly drive the extension and retraction adjustment of the arc-shaped grinding disc, combined with a sliding rod limiting and anti-deviation structure, which can adaptively fit hollow cylindrical workpieces with different inner and outer diameters, making it highly adaptable to grinding. It can also grind the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow cylinder at the same time, improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts.

[0019] in: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the workbench structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the grinding wheel seat of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the separation of the grinding wheel seat and the movable seat according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the end face grinder structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the short sleeve of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential surface polisher structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the long sleeve of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the circumferential surface grinder of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional schematic diagram of the long sleeve of the present invention.

[0020] Figures 1-10 Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Chassis; 101. Worktable; 102. Material guide chute; 2. Vertical guide rail; 201. Vertical drive motor; 202. Reinforcing rib; 203. Lead screw; 204. Moving seat; 3. Grinding wheel seat; 301. Limiting rod; 302. Transmission wheel; 4. Top motor; 5. End face grinder; 501. Short sleeve; 502. Elastic element; 503. Circular grinding disc; 6. Circumferential surface grinder; 601. Long sleeve; 602. Limiting hole; 7. Pneumatic adjustment mechanism; 701. Arc-shaped grinding disc; 702. Slide rod; 703. Pneumatic telescopic rod; 8. Bottom motor; 801. Tooling frame. Detailed Implementation

[0021] According to the technical solution of the present invention, without changing the essential spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely exemplary descriptions of the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be regarded as the entirety of the present invention or as a limitation or restriction of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0022] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-10 The invention will be further illustrated by specific embodiments: Example 1 This embodiment, in its first working mode, is specifically designed for the simultaneous, integrated grinding of the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of hollow cylindrical metal workpieces. It is suitable for precision machining operations such as burr removal, oxide layer polishing, and surface finishing of various types of hollow cylindrical tubular workpieces. It is particularly suitable for batch precision machining of non-ferrous and ferrous metal tubular components such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and copper tubes. Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, during operation, a circumferential surface grinder 6 is used separately for assembly and matching to achieve simultaneous and efficient processing of the inner and outer surfaces, meeting the high standards of modern manufacturing for the quality of the inner and outer surfaces of pipe fittings.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, this equipment uses chassis 1 as the overall load-bearing base. Chassis 1 is integrally welded from high-quality carbon structural steel, possessing extremely high structural rigidity and load-bearing capacity, capable of withstanding various impact loads and vibrations generated during high-speed grinding. The interior of chassis 1 is rationally arranged to accommodate various electrical control components, servo drives, frequency converters, pneumatic control valve groups, and other power components. The wiring between components is neat and heat dissipation is excellent, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. The worktable 101 is fixed to the top of chassis 1 with high-strength bolts. Worktable 101 is an integral cast iron structure, precision-machined and aged. Serving as the core load-bearing platform for workpiece clamping, grinding operations, and the installation of various functional components, its overall structure is stable and has strong load-bearing capacity, capable of withstanding the processing requirements of heavy workpieces without significant deformation. A vertical guide rail 2 is vertically fixed to one side of worktable 101. The vertical guide rail 2 is a high-precision linear guide rail, possessing extremely high straightness and repeatability. A reinforcing rib 202 is fixedly installed at the right-angle connection between the vertical guide rail 2 and the worktable 101. The reinforcing rib 202 adopts a triangular reinforcing plate structure, so that the vertical guide rail 2, the worktable 101 and the reinforcing rib 202 form a stable triangular reinforcement structure, which effectively improves the overall rigidity of the vertical transmission structure, greatly reduces the high-frequency vibration generated during high-speed grinding, avoids problems such as uneven grinding texture and workpiece eccentric grinding caused by vibration, effectively ensures grinding accuracy and equipment stability under long-term operation, extends equipment service life and reduces maintenance costs.

[0024] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a lead screw 203 is vertically mounted on the inner side of the vertical guide rail 2 via a high-precision angular contact bearing. The lead screw 203 is made of high-quality alloy steel, heat-treated, and precision ground, exhibiting excellent wear resistance and transmission accuracy. The lead screw 203 and the vertical guide rail 2 are arranged parallel to each other to ensure smooth and reliable transmission. The protruding end of the lead screw 203 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the vertical drive motor 201 via a coupling. The vertical drive motor 201 is a servo motor, characterized by high precision, high response, and high torque, enabling precise position and speed control. A movable seat 204 is threaded onto the lead screw 203. The movable seat 204 contains a precision lead nut made of bronze, which has good self-lubricating properties and wear resistance. During operation, the vertical drive motor 201 drives the lead screw 203 to rotate in both forward and reverse directions. Utilizing the lead screw and nut transmission principle, the moving seat 204 slides smoothly vertically along the vertical guide rail 2, achieving high movement accuracy and excellent repeatability. This, in turn, drives the outer fixed grinding wheel seat 3 and the overall grinding assembly to achieve precise lifting and lowering adjustment. The lifting speed is steplessly adjustable, allowing for flexible adjustment of the grinding operation height according to the cylinder height and processing position of different workpieces. It adapts to the processing needs of hollow cylindrical workpieces of various specifications, covering a wide range of workpiece sizes and meeting the processing requirements of different users.

[0025] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, before grinding the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of a hollow cylindrical workpiece, the operator first switches the grinding components to different operating conditions. The end face grinder 5, assembled inside the grinding wheel holder 3, is disassembled as a whole. The disassembly process is simple and quick, usually requiring only loosening a few fixing bolts. The circumferential surface grinder 6 is then precisely aligned and assembled onto the mounting position of the grinding wheel holder 3. During assembly, it is essential to ensure that the mounting reference surface of the circumferential surface grinder 6 is completely flush with the mounting reference surface of the grinding wheel holder 3, guaranteeing a secure assembly and corresponding transmission positions. After assembly, the assembly accuracy is checked using a specialized testing tool. After assembly, the limiting rod 301, which is horizontally arranged on the grinding wheel seat 3, is horizontally inserted into the limiting hole 602 corresponding to the circumferential wall of the long sleeve 601. The limiting rod 301 is made of stainless steel and its surface is precision ground. The fit clearance between the limiting rod 301 and the limiting hole 602 is precisely controlled. Through the plug-in fit between the limiting rod 301 and the limiting hole 602, the circumferential surface grinder 6 is circumferentially locked, restricting its free rotation. This keeps the circumferential surface grinder 6 in a stationary and fixed state throughout the grinding operation, thus forming a relative motion mode of "workpiece rotation and grinding head stationary". This effectively avoids motion interference caused by the pneumatic telescopic rod 703 being connected to an external air pump, ensuring the stability and reliability of the grinding process. The hollow cylindrical workpiece to be processed is then stably clamped and fixed on the tooling frame 801 on the top of the worktable 101. The tooling frame 801 adopts a three-jaw self-centering chuck structure, which has an automatic centering function and high clamping accuracy. The tooling frame 801 and the grinding wheel seat 3 above are strictly coaxially aligned, and the coaxiality error is controlled within a very small range, which effectively ensures the coaxiality of the grinding operation and eliminates processing defects such as eccentric grinding and uneven local grinding amount. This provides a structural foundation for high-precision multi-face grinding and ensures the consistency of processing quality.

[0026] like Figures 3 to 10As shown, after the operation officially starts, the bottom motor 8, fixed to the bottom of the worktable 101, runs stably. The bottom motor 8 is a variable frequency speed control motor with a wide and adjustable speed range. It drives the tooling frame 801 on the top of the worktable 101 to rotate at high speed and uniform speed through a precision reducer. The rotation speed can be precisely adjusted according to the workpiece material, diameter, and processing requirements, thereby driving the clamped hollow cylindrical workpiece to rotate synchronously and coaxially. At the same time, the equipment is connected to an external air source. The air source pressure is stable, providing a stable air source power for each set of pneumatic telescopic rods 703. The four sets of pneumatic adjustment mechanisms 7, which are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the long sleeve 601, start working synchronously. The telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 703 is directly fixedly connected to the outer side of the arc-shaped grinding disc 701. The telescopic action of the pneumatic telescopic rod 703 directly drives the arc-shaped grinding disc 701 to perform radial telescopic displacement, with a large telescopic stroke and high adjustment accuracy. Four sets of pneumatic adjustment mechanisms are arranged symmetrically in two groups, allowing for simultaneous expansion of the inner arc-shaped grinding disc and retraction of the outer arc-shaped grinding disc. This ensures that the two sets of arc-shaped grinding discs 701 precisely conform to the inner and outer circumferential walls of the hollow cylindrical workpiece, achieving adaptive fitting and positioning for workpieces with different inner and outer diameters. This provides excellent adaptability and can accommodate workpieces of various specifications. During the extension and retraction adjustment of the arc-shaped grinding discs 701 and continuous grinding operations, the slide rod 702, fixed to the arc-shaped grinding discs 701, slides synchronously along the circumferential wall of the long sleeve 601. The slide rod 702 adopts a precision linear guide structure, possessing extremely high guiding accuracy and load-bearing capacity. Throughout the entire process, the slide rod 702 provides precise sliding limit, anti-deflection, and anti-shaking functions for the arc-shaped grinding discs 701, ensuring smooth, uninterrupted, and unshifted displacement, further improving grinding uniformity and stability. The long sleeve 601 has a specially designed mounting groove inside to accommodate the retraction of the arc-shaped grinding disc 701. The mounting groove is precision machined to provide ample clearance for the retraction of the arc-shaped grinding disc 701 when clamping the workpiece and adjusting its size, thus completely avoiding structural interference and ensuring the reliability of the equipment operation.

[0027] This embodiment relies on the relative motion of high-speed workpiece rotation and stationary grinding components to simultaneously complete burr removal, tool mark smoothing, oxide layer grinding, and surface polishing on the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the workpiece. The grinding coverage is complete, with no dead corners or missed grinding areas, completing double-sided processing in one go, greatly improving processing efficiency. The processing efficiency is several times higher than that of traditional single-sided grinding methods, and the surface roughness meets the requirements of precision machining. It is particularly suitable for the efficient and precision machining of large batches of pipe fittings.

[0028] Example 2 like Figures 3 to 6As shown, this embodiment's second working mode is specifically designed for high-precision, non-destructive, flexible grinding of the upper surface of hollow cylindrical workpieces. It is suitable for precision machining requirements such as burr removal, surface leveling, and fine grinding of workpiece end faces. It is particularly suitable for machining precision tubular components with high requirements for end face flatness, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, and instrument tubing. During operation, the working mode is switched to the end face grinder 5 for assembly. Before operation, the operator first disassembles the circumferential grinder 6 assembled inside the grinding wheel seat 3. The disassembly process is simple and quick, usually requiring only the removal of the limit rod 301 and loosening of the fixing bolts. Simultaneously removing the limit rod 301 completely releases the circumferential limit lock of the grinding assembly, ensuring that the end face grinder 5 can rotate freely with high rotational accuracy. Subsequently, the end face grinder 5 is aligned and fixed inside the grinding wheel holder 3. During assembly, it is essential to ensure that the mounting reference surface of the end face grinder 5 is completely aligned with the mounting reference surface of the grinding wheel holder 3. This ensures stable engagement and transmission between the top transmission structure of the end face grinder 5 and the transmission wheel 302 rotated on the top of the grinding wheel holder 3. The transmission gap is precisely controlled and secured with high-strength bolts, resulting in precise and play-free transmission with high efficiency. A top motor 4 is fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the grinding wheel holder 3 via a bracket. The top motor 4 is a high-precision servo motor with a wide and adjustable speed range. The output end of the top motor 4 forms a belt drive with the transmission wheel 302 via a high-strength synchronous belt. This provides smooth transmission, low noise, and good buffering, stably providing continuous and uniform rotational power to the end face grinder 5. The high speed stability ensures the high-speed and stable rotation of the end face grinder 5, meeting the grinding requirements of workpieces of different materials.

[0029] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, during end-face grinding, the hollow cylindrical workpiece to be processed is still securely clamped on the top of the fixture 801. The fixture 801 uses a hydraulic clamping device with adjustable clamping force to ensure that the workpiece does not loosen or shift during grinding. The bottom motor 8 operates at a low constant speed, usually set in a low range, continuously driving the fixture 801 and the workpiece to rotate slowly, ensuring that all areas of the upper end face of the workpiece can be evenly contacted for grinding, avoiding local over-grinding or omissions, and ensuring the overall flatness of the end face. The top motor 4 is started, driving the transmission wheel 302 and the end-face grinder 5 mounted at the bottom to rotate at high speed via the transmission belt. The rotation speed is usually set in a high range to form a stable grinding cutting speed, and the cutting linear speed meets the requirements for efficient grinding. Simultaneously, the vertical drive motor 201 precisely controls the low-speed rotation of the lead screw 203, driving the grinding wheel seat 3 and the end face grinder 5 to slowly and uniformly feed downwards. The feed speed can be precisely adjusted within a wide range, allowing the multiple sets of circular grinding discs 503 arranged around the bottom of the short sleeve 501 to gradually and smoothly adhere to the upper end face of the workpiece, starting the full-area end face grinding operation. The feed speed is controllable, effectively avoiding workpiece squeezing damage caused by rapid downward pressure, ensuring grinding quality, and is especially suitable for the end face finishing of precision pipes.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, during continuous grinding, multiple sets of elastic elements 502, evenly arranged around the inside of the short sleeve 501, work synchronously. Each elastic element 502 consists of a precision telescopic rod and a high-precision spring sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod. The telescopic rod is made of stainless steel and precision ground, while the spring is made of high-quality spring steel and has undergone quenching and tempering, resulting in excellent elasticity and fatigue strength. The entire unit is coaxially arranged with the short sleeve 501, resulting in a regular structure and uniform force distribution. The preload of each elastic element 502 can be adjusted individually. The elastic elements 502 provide continuous, uniform, and constant buffering pressure to the circular grinding disc 503 mounted at the bottom, forming an adaptive flexible grinding structure. For minor flatness errors and assembly height errors on the workpiece end face, the elastic elements 502 can adaptively compensate in real time through their own expansion and contraction deformation. The compensation amount is moderate, ensuring that the circular grinding disc 503 is always in close contact with the workpiece end face during grinding, and the contact pressure remains within a reasonable range. Compared to traditional rigid extrusion grinding structures, this structure can effectively offset assembly errors and the micro-deformation of the workpiece itself, completely avoiding quality defects such as workpiece end face damage, dents, and excessive wear caused by excessive grinding pressure. At the same time, it eliminates problems such as incomplete end face grinding, residual burrs, and poor flatness caused by insufficient pressure, significantly improving the grinding accuracy and overall processing quality of hollow cylindrical workpiece end faces. The end face flatness and surface roughness meet the requirements of high-precision processing, and it is particularly suitable for the end face finishing of precision instrument and meter pipe fittings.

[0031] In addition, a guide trough 102 is specially provided at the top front end of the workbench 101. The guide trough 102 adopts an inclined design and the bottom surface of the trough is smooth. It is used to cooperate with the external ejection mechanism to export the polished workpieces, making it convenient for staff to collect them.

[0032] This invention utilizes a switchable dual-grinding head structure to achieve multi-face integrated grinding of hollow cylindrical metal workpieces. It operates in two modes: circumferential grinding and end-face grinding. The grinding head can be quickly switched to complete the multi-face grinding process, resulting in short switching time, high automation, and controllable grinding precision. It is suitable for batch processing of hollow cylindrical metal workpieces of different specifications, and is particularly applicable to pipe fitting manufacturers, machining plants, and automotive parts factories that require large-volume precision pipe fitting processing. It has broad application prospects and market value, and can meet the dual demands of modern manufacturing for both quality and efficiency in pipe fitting processing.

[0033] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the invention and are not intended to limit it. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions, and variations to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such modifications, substitutions, and variations are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grinding machine capable of multi-faceted grinding of metal parts, comprising a chassis (1), characterized in that: The chassis (1) is equipped with a workbench (101), and a vertical guide rail (2) is fixedly installed on one side of the top of the chassis (1). A movable seat (204) that can slide vertically along the vertical guide rail (2) is mounted on the vertical guide rail (2). A vertical drive motor (201) for driving the movable seat (204) to rise and fall vertically is mounted on the top of the vertical guide rail (2). A grinding wheel seat (3) is fixedly installed on the outside of the movable seat (204), and a top motor (4) is assembled on the top of the grinding wheel seat (3). The grinding wheel base (3) is detachably and interchangeably equipped with an end face grinder (5) and a circumferential surface grinder (6); the end face grinder (5) is driven to rotate by a top motor (4), and the end face grinder (5) is equipped with an elastic element (502) and a circular grinding disc (503). The circumferential surface polisher (6) is equipped with a pneumatic adjustment mechanism (7). The pneumatic adjustment mechanism (7) includes an arc-shaped polishing disc (701), a slide rod (702), and a pneumatic telescopic rod (703). The telescopic end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (703) is connected to the arc-shaped polishing disc (701), and the slide rod (702) is connected to the arc-shaped polishing disc (701) for sliding limit. The bottom of the worktable (101) is fixedly installed with a bottom motor (8), and the output end of the bottom motor (8) is equipped with a tooling frame (801) for fixing the hollow cylindrical workpiece to be processed. The tooling frame (801) is coaxially and correspondingly set with the grinding wheel seat (3).

2. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding wheel base (3) is rotatably equipped with a transmission wheel (302) on its top. The output end of the top motor (4) is connected to the transmission wheel (302) in a transmission connection. The top end of the end face grinder (5) is connected to the transmission wheel (302) in a transmission connection.

3. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential surface grinder (6) includes a long sleeve (601), and a pneumatic adjustment mechanism (7) is arranged around the inside of the long sleeve (601). The pneumatic telescopic rod (703) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the long sleeve (601), and the sliding rod (702) moves through the circumferential wall of the long sleeve (601).

4. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end face grinder (5) has a short sleeve (501) fixedly installed at its bottom end, and the elastic element (502) is assembled around the inside of the short sleeve (501).

5. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the other side of the vertical guide rail (2), a lead screw (203) is vertically mounted via a bearing. The lead screw (203) and the vertical guide rail (2) are arranged parallel to each other. A movable seat (204) is threaded onto the lead screw (203). The output end of the vertical drive motor (201) is connected to the top of the lead screw (203) for transmission. The rotation of the lead screw (203) can drive the movable seat (204) and the grinding wheel seat (3) to rise and fall vertically as a whole.

6. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding wheel seat (3) is provided with a limiting rod (301) through it laterally. The circumferential surface grinder (6) has a limiting hole (602) on its circumferential wall that matches the limiting rod (301). The limiting rod (301) can be inserted and removed through the limiting hole (602) to restrict the circumferential rotation of the circumferential surface grinder (6) and keep the circumferential surface grinder (6) stationary.

7. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pneumatic telescopic rod (703) is connected to an external air source. The pneumatic telescopic rod (703) can drive the arc-shaped grinding disc (701) to move in and out. At the same time, it is limited by the sliding rod (702) to make the arc-shaped grinding disc (701) move smoothly so as to adaptively fit and grind the inner and outer circumferential surfaces of the hollow cylindrical workpiece.

8. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element (502) includes a spring and a telescopic rod, with the spring sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod; the elastic element (502) can provide a constant downward pressure on the circular grinding disc (503) to achieve adaptive flexible grinding of the end face.

9. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tooling frame (801) is rotatably mounted on the top of the workbench (101) via bearings. The bottom motor (8) can drive the tooling frame (801) and the hollow cylindrical workpiece fixed above it to rotate, respectively cooperating with the stationary circumferential surface grinder (6) and the rotating end face grinder (5) to complete the multi-face grinding process of the workpiece.

10. The grinding machine capable of multi-faceted machining and polishing of metal parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench (101) has a guide groove (102) at the top front end; a reinforcing rib (202) is provided on one side of the vertical guide rail (2), and the bottom end of the reinforcing rib (202) is fixedly connected to the top of the workbench (101), so that the vertical guide rail (2) and the workbench (101) form a triangular reinforcement structure.

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